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Abstract Periodic chest pain, with bloody pleural effusion should raise the suspicion of pleural endometriosis as a well‐known, but a rare condition in clinical practice.

Objective This study examines whether there is an independent association between mental difficulties in adolescence and educational attainment at age 16.Design Longitudinal study.Setting Nationally representative data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) were linked to the National Pupil Database for England.Participants Respondents (N=1100) to the UKHLS between 2009 and 2012 were linked to the National Pupil Database to investigate longitudinal associations between mental difficulties at ages 11–14 and educational attainment at age 16 (General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)).Primary outcome measure Not gaining five or more GCSE qualifications at age 16, including English and maths at grade A*–C.Results An atypical total mental health difficulty score measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 11–14 predicted low levels of educational attainment at age 16 (OR: 3.11 (95% CI: (2.11 to 4.57)). Controlling for prior attainment and family sociodemographic factors, happiness with school (/work) and parental health, school engagement and relationship with the child partially attenuated the association, which was significant in the fully adjusted model (2.05, 95% CI (1.15 to 3.68)). The association was maintained in the fully adjusted model for males only (OR: 2.77 (95% CI (1.24 to 6.16)) but not for females. Hyperactivity disorder strongly predicted lower attainment for males (OR: 2.17 (95% CI: (1.11 to 4.23)) and females (OR: 2.85 (95% CI (1.30 to 6.23)).Conclusion Mental difficulties at ages 11–14 were independently linked to educational success at age 16, highlighting an important pathway through which health in adolescence can determine young people’s life chances.

Aims: To assess the sleep strategies that nurses working irregular night shifts use to improve their sleep quality, and to compare the strategies of good and poor sleepers to determine whether the differences between the two groups could provide insights into possible effective strategies. Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: The study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020. Thirty‐four nurses working irregular night shifts participated; 17 were classified as good sleepers and 17 as poor sleepers based on the Sleep‐Wake Experience List, a validated self‐report instrument that measures one's sleep quality. Interviews were conducted using open questions to explore strategies around the night‐shift set. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Both groups described similar and different strategies that help them work and sleep well during and after night shifts. However, good sleepers mentioned a greater number of strategies and seemed to have thought about them more than poor sleepers. The most common strategies were having a clear structure, being organized—especially regarding sleeping time—maintaining a daily routine and adjusting their sleep environment. Conclusion: Healthcare institutions should consider offering education and training programs aimed at empowering nurses who work irregular night shifts. These programs should provide nurses with various sleep strategies to enhance their sleep quality and overall well‐being. Implications for the Profession: Nurses working irregular night shifts can possibly enhance their sleep quality by making personalized plans, for example, including a clear day structure, or an optimized sleep environment. Impact: The study focused on how nurses working night shifts could possibly enhance their sleep quality. The findings highlight the importance of providing nurses with diverse sleep strategies to improve sleep quality, helping them to identify what works best for them and consistently apply these strategies. Reporting Method: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed. Patient or Public Contribution: Nurses working irregular night shifts at Maastricht University Medical Center in Maastricht, the Netherlands, who agreed to participate in the study, engaged in a discussion to assess the relevance of sleep quality to their work. They were also encouraged to share their perspectives during the interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sex estimation is crucial in forensic anthropology. In situations such as mass disasters, and forensic anthropology cases, sex estimation is a very important initial step in the disaster victim identification process. Literature has acknowledged that sex estimation is population-specific. However, sex estimation standards in South-East Asian populations are limited, leading to the usage of most Thais discriminant function equations on sex estimation by other South-East Asian countries including Malaysia. This systematic review was conducted to summarise the findings of sex estimation studies in South-East Asian countries. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed through the SCOPUS database and Web of Science (WOS) database for relevant studies between 2014 and 2022. All published articles that are related to sex estimation from different types of bone, methods, landmarks, and sample sources (i.e., photographs, dry bones, and CT images) were included in this review. The main inclusion criteria were studies on (i) sex estimation; (ii) in South-East Asian populations; (iii) between the years 2014 and 2022; and (iv) in English. Results: The literature search identified 30 potentially relevant studies, of which 15 publications met all the inclusion criteria. From those research, 13 studies were related to the Thai population and two to the Malaysian population. Only one study was based on morphological traits, while the rest were based on a morphometric approach. Conclusion: All studies found that sex estimation is populationspecific. Therefore, further research is recommended to explore more on population-specific sex estimation using different parts of bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on celebrating the life and impact of Mike Baizerman, a prominent figure in the lives of the authors and many others. It details his influence in various areas, including youth engagement programs in the Middle East, his role as a mentor, and his ability to simplify complex issues. It describe Mike as a person who genuinely cares about others, respects diverse perspectives, and actively supports those around him.

Humour in English Language Teaching (ELT) is known to be beneficial for both the educators and students. However, the literature addressing the types of humour used by Malaysian lecturers in higher education on this matter are yet to be explored. To address these issues, the study focusses to explore on the types of humour used in ELT by Malaysian lecturers in relation to the four types of humour: verbal, visual, auditory and figural humour. The research design is a qualitative study which implements two instruments; classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. The results from the study show that there are three types of humour commonly used: verbal humour, visual humour and auditory humour. The data analysis indicates that there are four factors which influence the types of humour used in the classroom: humour used for content delivery, humour to build rapport, humour to attract attention and humour to instil discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A herniated disc is assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We assessed a correlation between MRI findings at baseline and follow-up to determine whether there is an ability to predict future progress in LBP among LBP patients with moderate disc prolapse (grade 2-disc herniation). Method: This is was a prospective longitudinal study conducted at single center with total of 65 patients, all of whom gave their informed consent to participate. Utilizing the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), patients were approached to rate how extreme the back pain was and to complete the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire for an evaluation of their disability. Then, the spine was assessed by MRI scan for all participants. Within 1.5 years of baseline MRI scan, 49 volunteers were repeat MRI scan for LBP patients. Result: The study found weak correlations between age, VAS scores, disability index, and the presence of disc herniation and LBP patients with moderate prolapsed discs (grade 2-disc herniation). Pain and disability also had a weak relation with Grade 2 (r=0.13, r=0.05). In addition, most MRI findings did not demonstrate a significant association with future LBP severity, regardless of whether participants had a history of LBP or not (correlation coefficient, r=0.08, p=0.7). Conclusion: It was concluded that MRI findings in both ongoing and forthcoming studies do not exhibit a statistically noteworthy association with the magnitude and position of lumbar disc herniation, pain, and disability for LBP patient with grade 2 disc herniation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18–38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation. Keywords: vitamin A supplement, dry eye, tear film, tear ferning, phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarity

A novel design of secure end-to-end routing protocol in wireless sensor networks was recently proposed by Harn et al. Their design is based on a group key pre-distribution scheme (GKPS) using a multivariate polynomial. A group key also called a path key, is used to protect data transmitted in the entire routing path. Specifically, instead of using a link-to-link secure communication that uses multiple pairwise shared keys, it is an end-to-end secure communication that uses a single path key to protect data over the entire path. The problem with all polynomial-based key distribution schemes is that the security of these schemes, which are called deterministic k-secure, depends on the degree of the chosen polynomial. In other words, if the degree of the chosen polynomial is k, then capturing the k+1 sensors (or more) can compromise the system's security. Although increasing the degree of the polynomial can improve the security, it increases the storage and computational requirements of the sensors. In this paper, we propose the first probabilistic polynomial-based GKPS, which is based on a multivariate polynomial. The security of our scheme is probabilistic k-secure, which means it is probabilistic to compromise the security of our GKPS after capturing the k+1 sensors. We show that the probability of a sensor capture attack can be significantly reduced.

In this study, pre-service teaching refers to teaching English as a second language (TESL) to Malaysian students whose first language is not English. TESL prepares English-language learners to become future teachers of English as a second language. To date, no multi-criteria framework has been developed to evaluate and select the skills of pre-service teachers. This study presents a new framework to assess and rank the English skills of pre-service teachers on the basis of fuzzy Delphi and multi-criteria analysis. Three experiments were conducted. Firstly, criteria were identified from the literature review and the opinions of representative experts via the Delphi method. Secondly, 31 pre-service teachers were evaluated to determine the skills of pre-service teachers on the basis of Delphi criteria outcomes. English proficiency was tested through the English Language Testing Service and four language skill examinations. Each examination was evaluated by experts with vast experience in English teaching. Thirdly, pre-service teachers were ranked on the basis of a set of evaluated Delphi criteria outcomes through the technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Thereafter, the mean and standard deviation were utilized to ensure the identical systematic ranking of pre-service teachers. Findings are as follows. Twenty-five criteria from previous studies are representative as evaluated by the opinions of experts, which were gathered through interviews and a structured questionnaire. The validity of content was verified using a five-point Likert scale. With Delphi method outcomes, 14 criteria were selected and included in the final framework. The results of the proposed evaluation framework were tested on Malaysian pre-service teachers. TOPSIS is effective for solving the selection problems of pre-service teachers. In the final experiment, significant differences were recognized between the scores of groups, indicating identical ranking results.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate the level of PA and the barriers toward practicing regular PA among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Jeddah during 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 patients were interviewed face-to-face in three PHCs. Two questionnaires were used in this study. The first questionnaire measured the level of PA of the participants. The second questionnaire aimed to identify barriers to PA. For analysis, simple descriptive statistics, Chi-square, T-test, and analysis of variance were used. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was found to be 38.4%. Males and females composed 40% and 37.4% of the participants, respectively. Lack of social support, lack of energy, fear of injury, and lack of skills were identified as significant barriers to PA according to the level of PA. Conclusion: Our findings may provide baseline data for future research on this topic and information for healthcare professionals to improve their efforts in promoting the overall health of patients with T2DM.