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The reliable integration of wind energy into modern-day electricity systems heavily relies on accurate short-term wind forecasts. We propose a spatio-temporal model called AIRU-WRF (short for the AI-powered Rutgers University Weather Research & Forecasting), which fuses numerical weather predictions (NWPs) with local observations in order to make wind speed forecasts that are short-term (minutes to hours ahead), and of high resolution, both spatially (site-specific) and temporally (minute-level). In contrast to purely data-driven methods, we undertake a "physics-guided" machine learning approach which captures salient physical features of the local wind field without the need to explicitly solve for those physics, including: (i) modeling wind field advection and diffusion via physically meaningful kernel functions, (ii) integrating exogenous predictors that are both meteorologically relevant and statistically significant; and (iii) linking the multi-type NWP biases to their driving meso-scale weather conditions. Tested on real-world data from the U.S. North Atlantic where several offshore wind projects are in-development, AIRU-WRF achieves notable improvements, in terms of both wind speed and power, relative to various forecasting benchmarks including physics-based, hybrid, statistical, and deep learning methods.

Renas Raouf Hama Amin, Tavga Ahmed Aziz Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, IraqCorrespondence: Tavga Ahmed Aziz, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq, Tel +9647701523544, Email tavga.aziz@univsul.edu.iqObjective: The present study was designed to evaluate the possible gastroprotective effects of different doses of azilsartan in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.Methodology: Forty-eight male adult Wistar rats were used and allocated randomly into four groups: negative control treated with distilled water, positive control treated with ethanol, lansoprazole treated group, and azilsartan (1mg, 5mg, and 10mg/kg) treated group. The treatment protocol was for 15 days, and all the groups except for the negative control group received 1mL of ethanol on the last day 1hr before scarification. Gastric content was collected for measuring the volume, free acidity, and pH. The stomach was used for measuring the gastric lesion area and ulcer index. Blood samples were collected for measuring serum hydroxyproline, gastrin, CRP, TNF-α, MDA, and TAOC. Gastric tissues were sent for histopathological examinations.Results: Ethanol administration significantly increased gastric lesion, gastric ulcer index, and gastric acidity. Ethanol also decreased serum levels of hydroxyproline and TAOC and increased serum gastrin, CRP, TNF-α, and MDA. Azilsartan 10mg/kg was able to decrease the lesion by 43.6% and increase gastric pH and significantly decreased MDA level. Both 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg azilsartan have successfully restored the level of hydroxyproline, gastrin, and TNF-α. The histopathological finding showed gastroprotection by azilsartan in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The study revealed that azilsartan possesses a gastroprotective effect. The proposed mechanisms could be increased blood flow to the stomach, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity along with restoring hydroxyproline and gastrin levels. These findings suggest azilsartan as a promising candidate to be tested in a clinical setting.Keywords: gastric ulcer, azilsartan, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hydroxyproline, gastrin

Tenofovir is a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor based on acyclic nucleotide analogs. Tenofovir is a drug that is often used in treating HIV infection and has also been approved for treating infection by the hepatitis B virus. Despite the fact that its renal safety has been demonstrated in cell culture and clinical trials, clinical use and in vivo animal studies have shown its association with a low, but important, risk of kidney injury. Tenofovir accumulation in these mitochondria-rich cells is explained by proximal tubular cell secretion. Proximal tubular cell dysfunction is a symptom of Tenofovir nephrotoxicity, which might be the leading cause of acute renal injury or chronic diseases of the kidney. A review of articles is performed using keywords related to the topic in the databases of Google Scholar and PubMed, and 54 papers have been included, which were case studies, cross-sectional studies, and in vivo animal studies from 2004 up to 2021. The review aims at explaining the interaction of Tenofovir with kidney tubules, an association of genetic polymorphism, clinical features of Tenofovir-induced renal toxicity, potential mechanisms of Tenofovir-induced renal toxicity, its predisposing conditions and factors, and finally, some proposed strategies and agents to monitor and manage Tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity.

يعد كل من العمق المالي والشمول المالي من الاهداف المهمة التي تسعى جميع الدول الىتحقيقها، وذلك لأهميتهما في تحقيق اهداف اقتصادية واجتماعية كبيرة. لذا هدف البحث الى تحليلمؤشرات العمق المالي والشمول المالي في بعض القطاعات المصرفية العربية والمتمثلة في )قطرفضلا عن اختبار أثر العمق المالي في الشمول .)Eviews V. والسعودية(، باستخدام برنامج ) 10 - المالي للدول عينة البحث واستخدام نموذج الانحدار المتعدد للفترة ) 2004- 2019 (. وقد خلصالبحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها وجود أثر معنوي للعمق المالي في الشمول المالي في الدولالمبحوثة، وان للعمق المالي دورا كبيرا في تحقيق اهداف الشمول المالي في الدول العربية عينةالبحث. وبناء على الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث فقد قدم عددا من المقترحات اهمها تنويعالخدمات المالية بتكلفة منخفضة وجودة عالية، لجذب أكبر عدد ممكن من الزبائن، فضلا عن تعزيزالتثقيف المالي والذي ينعكس في تطوير الانظمة المالية العربية ودعم سلامتها ونموها.

Compressive Sensing (CS) is a new sampling theory used in many signal processing applications due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, signal reconstruction is considered as one of the biggest challenge faced by the CS method. A lot of researches have been proposed to address this challenge, however most of the existing techniques start with the same forward step which does not provide the best reconstruction performance. In this paper, we aim to address this challenge by proposing an Adaptive Iterative Forward-Backward Greedy Algorithm (AFB). AFB algorithm is different from all other reconstruction algorithms as it depends on solving the least squares problem in the forward phase, which increases the probability of selecting the correct columns better than other reconstruction algorithms. In addition, AFB improves the selection process by removing the incorrect columns selected in the previous step. We evaluated the AFB’s reconstruction performance using two types of data: computer-generated data and real data set (Intel Berkeley data set). The simulation results show that AFB outperforms Forward-Backward Pursuit, Subspace Pursuit, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, and Regularized OMP in terms of reducing reconstruction error.

Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic immune deficiency in adults. It is defined by primary hypogammaglobulinemia with B-cells (CD19) present. It is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized clinically by recurrent bacterial infections (an almost constant feature), the frequency of autoimmune and/or granulomatous manifestations, and the presence of a lymphoproliferative syndrome (follicular hyperplasia, lymph nodes…). The seriousness of infections and their repetition should suggest the diagnosis, which will be confirmed by electrophoresis of the proteins and immunoglobulin tests. The treatment is based on regular substitution of polyvalent immunoglobulins, using intravenous or subcutaneous injection. The disease pathophysiology is poorly understood, but the immunological study of lymphocyte subpopulations, particularly B lymphocytes, and the recent description of certain genetic defects have improved our understanding. This study aims to cite the latest clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with CVID, as well as the genetic and physiopathogenic advances concerning this immune deficiency. In order to propose a new criteria to explore this pathology conducted to rule out other possible causes of hypogammaglobulinemia and differentials. Diagnoses using these criteria will enable patients with CVID to receive the best possible care.

Objective SSc is a CTD characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, along with microvascular damage, and is often associated with typical autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between specific autoantibody profiles, clinical and paraclinical features in Moroccan patients with SSc. Methods We analysed the presence of specific autoantibodies in 46 SSc patients using IIF on HEp-2 cells and immunodot. We then correlated the types of autoantibodies with clinical and laboratory manifestations. Results Among our patients, 86.9% were females. The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 50.21 years, with an average delay to diagnosis of 5 years. The main clinical manifestations found were RP (89.2%), sclerodactyly (84.8%), proximal scleroderma (67.4%), gastrointestinal involvement (50%) and interstitial lung disease (30.4%). According to the specific autoantibody profile, 14 patients were anti-topo I positive (30.4%), 8 anti-RNP (68 kDa/A/C) positive (17.4%) and 6 anti-RNA polymerase III positive (13%). We found a significant association of anti-RNA polymerase III with sclerodactyly and pulmonary arterial hypertension (P Conclusion Some clinical manifestations of SSc might be positively correlated with the presence of specific autoantibodies. Environmental factors, ethnicity and gene interaction might also influence this correlation.

The rapid increase in scale and sophistication of offshore wind (OSW) farms poses a critical challenge related to the cost-effective operation and management of wind energy assets. A defining characteristic of this challenge is the economic trade-off between two concomitant processes: power production (the primary driver of short-term revenues), and asset degradation (the main determinant of long-term expenses). Traditionally, approaches to optimize production and maintenance in wind farms have been conducted in isolation. In this paper, we conjecture that a joint optimization of those two processes, achieved by rigorously modeling their short- and long-term dependencies, can unlock significant economic benefits for wind farm operators. In specific, we propose a decision-theoretic framework, rooted in stochastic optimization, which seeks a sensible balance of how wind loads are leveraged to harness short-term electricity generation revenues, versus alleviated to hedge against longer-term maintenance expenses. Extensive numerical experiments using real-world data confirm the superior performance of our approach, in terms of several operational performance metrics, relative to methods that tackle the two problems in isolation.

Objective Auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs) result from mutations in genes of the innate immune system leading to periodic multisystemic inflammation. We aimed to describe the clinical, biological and molecular features (when available) and outcomes of Moroccan patients with AIDs. Methods Patient data were collected retrospectively and analysed over a 13-year period. Results Among 30 patients, 60% had FMF, 16% mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and 24% other AIDs. The mean age at first consultation was 6.9 years, and the mean diagnostic delay was 3 years. Consanguinity was reported in 16 cases. IgA vasculitis was associated with 33% of FMF patients, in whom the main clinical features were fever (88.8%), abdominal pain (100%), arthralgias (88.8%) and arthritis (50%), and the most frequent mutation was M694V (66%). All FMF patients were treated with colchicine. Most MKD patients were confirmed by elevated urinary mevalonic acid levels, and four of five MKD patients received targeted therapy. Chronic recurrent osteomyelitis patients were confirmed by radiological and histological analysis. Two cases of Marshall syndrome were diagnosed according to validated criteria. A case of familial pustular psoriasis was diagnosed based on histological analysis and a patient with Muckle–Wells syndrome by clinical features. The outcome was favourable in 76%, partial in 13%, and three deaths were reported. Conclusion FMF and MKD are the most reported diseases. AIDs are probably underestimated because they are unknown to clinicians. The aim of this work is to raise awareness among paediatricians about AIDs and create a network for best practice.

Immune deficiencies in adults are quite common conditions in medical practice. However, they present with different clinical phenotypes, whether primary or secondary, which makes their diagnosis more tedious, hence diagnostic and management delays. Through this update, we will review the most common immune deficiencies, their presentations and features. This update's main aim was to propose to the practitioner a structured clinical reasoning and approach, in order to suspect an immune deficiency and initiate a guided exploration. It will also be easier for him to know when a referral to the specialist is necessary.

Early diagnosis of breast cancer can increase the survivability of the patients and the patient’s quality of life. There is growing evidence demonstrating the active role of LncRNA-GAS5 and miR-103 in cancer biology. APOBEC enzymes are important players in immunity and may contribute to carcinogenesis. Mutation and expression alteration in the APOBEC gene family was found to have a strong correlation with breast cancer risk. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of lncRNA-GAS5 and its target APOBEC3C in women with breast cancer through expression evaluation of miR-103. Moreover, the interaction between lncRNA-GAS5 and miR-103 was studied. In the present study, forty paired tumor and normal samples classified based on breast cancer subtypes and clinical features of patients were analyzed using gene expression studies. Immunohistochemical analysis of the gene products was performed to classify tumors. The RNA samples were extracted from breast tissue. Real-time PCR was conducted for APOBEC3C and Lnc-RNA GAS5 expression. In addition, miR-103a miScript Primer Assay was utilized for the expression of miR-103-5p. It was revealed that the expression level of APOBEC3C and lncRNA-GAS5 were significantly down-regulated; however, the miRNA-103 expression level was significantly up-regulated. GAS5 expression was positively correlated with APOBEC3C expression and negatively correlated with miR-103 expression. In conclusion, we observed down-regulation of APOBEC3C and LncRNA-GAS5 and up-regulation of miRNA 103 in breast cancer patients. The expression of GAS5 may provide a new potential treatment target for breast cancer. To clarify the role of these molecules in the cellular signaling pathways, further studies are required.

الخلاصة بالرغم من فعالية المركبات البلاتينيه كمكون مهم من مكونات البروتوكولات الكيميائيه التي تستعمل لعلاج العديد من الاورام السرطانيه الصلبه، الا انها تمتلك العديد من الآثار الجانبيه التي تقلل من استعمالاتها. الهدف الاساسي من هذه المقاله المراجعه هو التركيز على التاثيرات السامه لهذه المركبات البلاتينيه والآليه التي بواسطتها تسبب هذه التأثيرات السامه، وذلك استنادا على الداسات التي اجريت على الحيوانات والانسان ، وتركز ايضا على ابرز التوجهات المستقبليه لتطيوير المركبات البلاتينيه المستحدثه. موقع Google ،Google schoolar ، Pup med, ، والمجلات العلميه استخدمت لعملية البحث التي احتوت ايضا على جميع المصادر التي لها صله بالموضوع. بصوره اساسيه تركز هذه للمقاله المراجعه على الابحاث والتجارب التي تم نشرها في الفتره الزمنيه التي تتراوح بين ٢٠٠٥ -٢٠٢٠ . لأنها ماده لينه محبه للنواة، لذلك الادويه التي تحتوي من المركبات البلاتينيه تستطيع الارتباط بسهوله بالبروتينات والبيبتيدات عن طريق تفاعلها مع مادة السلفر الموجوده في الاحماض الامينيه التي تحتوي على جزيئة الثايول، كما هي الحال في الحمضان الامينيان cystine , methionine ، والبيبتيد المضاد للأكسده glutathion . وبالرغم من ذلك فأن الحمض النووي DNA يعتبر الهدف الأساسي لارتباط هذه المركبات البلاتينيه. لايقتصر ارتباط الأدويه البلاتينيه بالخلايا السرطانيه فحسب وأنما ترتبط ايضا بخلايا اخرى غير سرطانيه ، خاصة بالخلايا التي تمتاز بسرعة النمو متسببة بذلك العديد من الآثار الجانبيه. تعتبر الأغشيه المخاطيه المتواجده في الفم ، العنق ، المعده، والأمعاء ؛ نخاع العظم ؛ وخصلات الشعر من الانسجه السرعة النمو التي غالبا ما تتأثر بالأدويه الكيميائيه مما ينتج عنه تأثيرات جانبيه سامه في الجهاز الهظمي؛ كبت نقي العظم؛ وتساقط الشعر على التوالي. تساقط الشعر يمكن ان يشمل الشعر الموجود في الحاجبين، في الوجه، في الجسم ، وأيضا خصلات الشعر المتواجده في الأذن متسببة بذلك تأثيرات سامه على الأذان. بالأضافة الى ذلك تعد التأثيرات السامه التي تسببها هذه المركبات على الكليتان والكبد من التأثيرات الشائعه. التليف الكلوي يحدث نتيجة لخروج الدواء من الجسم عن طريق البول، بينما التأثيرات السامه التي تحدث في الكبد فأنها تنتج من محاولة الجسم لأيض هذه المواد عن طريق الكبد؛ متسببة بذلك تعرض خلايا هذين العضوين لهذه الأدويه الكيميائيه. أستعمالات الأدويه البلاتينيه المتواجده حاليا مثل cisplatin ومشتقاتها شهدت تضيقا في العقود الأخيره ، مما أدى للحاجة ألى مركبات بلاتينيه اخرى مستحدثه تختلف عن المركبات الابلاتينيه المواجده حاليا في آليه عملها. هذه المركبات البلاتينيه المستحدثه استطاعت ان تحل بعض من المشاكل المرتبطه بالمركبات المتواجده في الوقت الحاضر.

Background Dental implant placement carries a risk of iatrogenic damage to adjacent root surfaces. Purpose To classify and understand different types of trauma to the tooth root body by dental implants. Materials and methods This prospective case series included 43 implants placed between February 2017 and June 2020 that had primary stability and were in a position that accidentally invaded the adjacent teeth. The type and degree of the injury were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Tenderness, mobility, and sensitivity tests of the injured teeth were conducted at different visits. Implant failure was confirmed by the presence of implant mobility during the healing period. Results Overall, 43 patients had root injuries due to dental implant surgeries. Regarding the 43 injured roots, 32 developed transient tenderness to percussion, 16 developed variable degrees of resorption in the cementum, three lost pulp sensitivity and one had persistent tenderness to percussion. No injured teeth were lost. In three patients, implant periapical lesions were confirmed radiographically as radiolucency near the apex of the involved implants. Out of the 43 implants, 11 failed and were removed within 6 months, with an implant failure rate of (25%). Conclusions Root damage after implant surgery varies depending on the type and severity of injury. Periodic clinical and radiographical examination is necessary to monitor root resorption and implant integration and to rule out pulp necrosis.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most prevalent primary immunodeficiencies. It is characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia, increased susceptibility to infections and impaired vaccine responses. CVID has an important, clinical, immunological and genetic heterogeneity. A minority of patients present with monogenic forms in CVID, unlike other primary immunodeficiencies. With the development of new technologies in genetics, including next generation sequencing, the number of identified genes in CVID is increasing. Therefore, CVID is now considered as an umbrella disease, gathering distinct pathological entities. It is currently recognized that CVID is a complex polygenic rather than a monogenic syndrome. A multi-omic approach combining genomics, epigenetics and proteomics will shed light on CVID complex pathophysiology, which still enigmatic. This integrative approach will also offer more targeted therapies, and therefore a personalized medicine. This review aims to discuss current knowledge concerning the genetic and molecular bases of CVID as well as their application in clinical practice.

Pneumatic motors have several advantages over electric motors and have many robotics and automation applications. However, the performance control of pneumatic motors is not satisfactory mainly due to air compressibility and the high cost of conventional control methods using proportional control valves. This paper presents an unprecedented application of pneumatic motor control using a pulsating compressed air technique. The study also included validated simulations using the Automation Studio program to control the pneumatic motor’s speed and torque. The results showed a clear and noticeable improvement in controlling the pneumatic motor outputs and demonstrated that the improvements are frequency functions of the compressed air source pulses and pressure. In addition, the results showed remarkable success in controlling the pneumatic motor outputs depending on the frequency of the compressed air-source pulses and pressure. Pulsating air frequencies of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 Hz were considered as inlet source pressure changed from 1.72, 3.45, and 5.17 bar. Furthermore, empirical correlations have been developed for advanced use in automatic control circuits at an error of 6.3–9.5% in predicting the motor speed and torque outputs.

Harzhin Hiwa Ali,1 Zheen Aorahman Ahmed,2 Tavag Ahmed Aziz2 1Center of Diabetic and Endocrine Diseases, Sulaimani, Iraq; 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, IraqCorrespondence: Zheen Aorahman Ahmed; Tavag Ahmed Aziz, Tel +9647709724959 ; +9647701523544, Email zheen.ahmed@univsul.edu.iq; tavga.aziz@univsul.edu.iqPurpose: The present study was designed to evaluate the possible synergistic effects of telmisartan and quercetin in 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methodology: Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups: The negative control group, the positive control group that received 5-FU, the telmisartan group, receiving 10 mg/kg, the quercetin group, receiving 80 mg/kg, and the combination of telmisartan and quercetin group. All the treatments were given orally for 14 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) on day 13 of the experiment was given except for the negative control group. On the 15th day after scarification, approximately 5 mL of blood was collected and used for measurement of CBC, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The kidneys were used for histopathological examination and for the measurement of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), Cystatin C (Cys-C), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).Results: The combination therapy significantly attenuated the levels of tissue KIM-1, NGAL, Cys-C, and serum uric acid as well as blood inflammatory markers, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NLR), Monocyte/Lymphocyte (MLR), and Platelets/Lymphocyte ratios (PLR), and restored the TAOC. The histopathological findings greatly support the biochemical tests.Conclusion: The results strongly suggest the renoprotective effects of telmisartan and quercetin in combination against the nephrotoxic effect of 5-FU through decreasing the levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and cys-C, and the novel inflammatory markers of kidney injury like NLP, MLR, and PLR, as well as decreasing uric acid and restoring the TAOC. The proposed mechanism could be the additive inhibitory effect on RAS provided by both telmisartan and quercetin.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: nephrotoxicity, telmisartan, quercetin, inflammatory markers, KIM-1, NGAL