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This article examines the role played by institutions in the post-Soviet transformation of rural areas of Russia and the development of agriculture. It is shown that the main goal of transformations—the transition to market relations—has been achieved. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of the process of incomplete institutional transfer, unique on a global scale: the transition from full state ownership and state regulation to market relations was replaced by the dominance of large forms of business organization with prevailing governmental control. The article aims to study the impact of institutional reforms on the structure and dynamics of market agents in rural areas of Russia from 1990 to 2020. Institutional, statistical and sociological methods were applied. Materials from 59 expert interviews were used. The informants represented the categories “public” and “business” of three different agricultural territories. Statistical data and official reports of agricultural holdings were analyzed. Changes in the structure of land ownership and other production factors were considered. The historical stages of the institutional dynamics of agriculture are shown. It is proved that the emergence of a class of owners in agriculture was the main result of institutional changes in Russia; the formation of many institutions for the support and development of agriculture and rural areas is also significant. The observed obstacles to the growth of the segment of small and medium-sized businesses are due to the incomplete legitimacy of the ongoing processes, the strong volatility of the regulatory framework and insufficient transparency of state support. In Russia, after 1990, the total area of agricultural land decreased and was consolidated by large owners—Agricultural holdings. By 2020, the estimated share of agricultural holdings in revenue was 31% for crop production, 37% for livestock, and 70% for meat. Experts noted the excessive dependence of market actors on state support and the deepening of social inequality.

Longstanding land tenure claims in state forest by communities continues to pose a challenge to government institutions in Indonesia. Such conditions require institutions to develop mechanisms to assure communities of their rights in the state ideals of manifest justice and welfare. One government policy to reconcile these goals is the mechanism on Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation in State Forests (Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan/PPTKH). This study aims to describe this policy in the context of fieldwork experience related to fundamental problems in the process of identification and settlement of land tenure claimed by communities in state forests. Data collection was obtained through participant observation conducted with communities in Ogan Kemoring Ulu Regency by identifying and verifying community lands in state forests. This method allowed for a more nuanced understanding of settlement challenges and afforded the opportunity to develop a formula for addressing conflicts. The results of the study show that the main problems are a lack of access to information related to the PPTKH policy emergent from ineffective dissemination of information combined with an underdeveloped capacity of processes that support the community to convene and discuss with government actors, academics/researchers, and activists/scholars. The participative learning process conducted by the authors helped the community effectively prepare documents to propose to an Inventory and Verification (Inver) team of Land Tenure in State Forests. Therefore, going forward more collaborative work is needed within the framework of community assistance and capacity building so that the communities have the means and resources to able to understand the challenges of land tenure recognition and be empowered to propose such mechanisms independently. Communities who claim land in state forests depend upon formalized legality, without which can potentially harm their access and assets.

The current rural conflicts are the result of a historical process of deterritorialization and exclusion, intensified from the advance of capitalism over agriculture. Socio-territorial movements, such as the MST movement, challenge hegemonic power and contest the legality of capitalist property, mobilizing peasants to occupy lands that do not carry out their social function, transforming them into agrarian reform territories in Paraná. This paper, supported by field data and bibliographical references, aims to study the colonization, territorial transformations, and rural conflicts, taking as reference the municipality of Barbosa Ferraz, in the Paraná State Midwestern mesoregion.

This work was developed in the São Pedro land reform settlement project, located in the municipality of Paranaíta, Brazilian Midwest. Our objective was to understand some of the vulnerabilities of family farming and the threats generated by the advance of soybean crops towards settlement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and construction of timelines. The results indicate that, over time, the economic stabilization of families has always been temporary, having been affected by a historical lack of structure and adequate agricultural policies, which have hindered the continuity of agricultural activities. Thus, cattle ranching replaced grain crops in the early 2000s. The current expansion of large soybean-producing properties in the vicinity of the settlement exposes farmers to the threat of commercialization or leasing of land, especially in view of the degradation of pastures on many properties. In the current context, obtaining land title and access to agricultural credit are necessary elements for strengthening family farming in the settlement.

In this study, we described the dynamics of land-cover and gross carbon stocks and emissions (C) in 55 settlements in Legal Amazon, located in northern Mato Grosso state, between 2008 and 2016 and discussed their implications for climate change policies. C estimates were based on land-cover changes, obtained with Spot, Sentinel and Landsat image processing and field visits, and secondary data of mean carbon values ​​per vegetation class. The 55 settlements were originally covered by 685,000 ha of native vegetation (103 Tg C). Deforestation by 2016 was over 65%. Most of it (77%) occurred by 2008. Although restoration of consolidated areas (areas deforested before July 2008) is not mandatory, it can generate revenue from carbon credits, environmental reserve quotas, forest management and agroforestry. The deforested area per settlement by 2008 was strongly related to the deforestation per settlement between 2008 and 2016. This suggests that those who deforested a lot until 2008 tend to continue to do so until 2016. The annual deforestation rate between 2008 and 2016 was 12.7 thousand ha /year. If it remains the same, all native vegetation will have been suppressed in less than two decades. In general, the Sustainable-Development-Project settlements had less deforestation, which indicates that it is possible to associate agrarian reform and economic and social development with the conservation of the Amazon rainforest. However, it is necessary to strengthen policies toward payment for ecosystem services and forest management products (low-impact forest management and non-timber forest products). In order to do so, the integration of federal, state and local governments and market efforts is paramount.

The article analyses the reactions provoked in some rural communities of the Peruvian Andean departments of Ayacucho and Apurímac by the agrarian reform approved in 1969 by the military government and subsequently by the arrival of Sendero Luminoso. The agrarian reform aroused great expectations, but also new problems, which facilitated the penetration into the communities of the “senderistas”, who were initially considered as those who could complete the process of redistribution of the land and punish the abusive notables. However, the level of violence they had been using ended up provoking the reaction of the communities.

This research is conducted to describe the impact of the issuance of Government Regulation Number 11 of 2010 on the Control and Utilization of Abandoned Land that serves as an important part of the agrarian reform agenda. It is relevant to the solution to counteract and eradicate the crisis of poverty by providing land and other facilities necessary for production so that people are able to work more productively and live a prosperous life. Essentially, it involves the whole process of restructuring the tenure, ownership, use, and utilization of land in order to achieve social welfare and justice. This research applies normative legal methods to conduct a literary review because of the characteristics and traditions of law. The approaches used in legal research are the statute approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The results of the research show that agrarian reform needs to be included in the nation's agenda and the basic strategy of the country to build a just political, economic and social structure. This is the relevance of placing all references, understanding, scope, and usefulness of the management of "the abandoned land which later becomes the state property" in realizing the true agrarian reform.

In this article we explain the main stakes of the electoral campaign held on the elections of 18, 20, 22 May 1914 [Chamber of Deputies] and 24, 26, 28 May 1914 [Senate], identifying the main themes present during the electoral debate. The electoral campaign in May 1914 generated significant consequences for the adoption of the two reforms, after the Legislative Assembly elected in February 1914 was dissolved after the draft Constitutional Review was finalized. The electoral campaign of May 1914 for the election of the Constituent Assembly was marked by the cleavage regarding the adoption or rejection of the agrarian reform and the electoral reform.

Мойсей Антоний, Моисей Аркадий. Экономическое состояние Герцаевской волости во второй половине ХІХ века. Черновицкая область сформирована 7 августа 1940 года в результате аннексии Советским Союзом части тогдашней территории Румынии. В ее состав вошли северная часть Буковины, северная часть Хотинского уезда и Герцаевская во- лость. Захват сел Герцаевского края не предусматривался никакими договорами. Видимо, это стало причиной замалчива- ния советскими историками прошлого Герцаевской волости. В данной статье впервые в украинской историографии осве- щается экономическое состояние этого района во второй половине ХІХ века. Исследование основано на двух источниках: книге И. Ионеску «Румынское сельское хозяйство в Дорогойском уезде» (1866 г.) и 5-томном издании «Большого геогра- фического словаря Румынии» (1898-1902 гг.), которые характеризуют аграрную реформу 1864 г. в крае.Moysey Antoniy, Moisey Arkadiy. The economic state of Hertsaivska volost in the second half of the nineteenth century. The Chernivtsi region as an administrative unit of Ukraine was founded on August 7, 1940. It was formed as a result of annexation of the then Romanian territory by the Soviet Union. It included the northern part of Bukovina, the northern part of the Khotyn county and the Hertsaivsk volost’ of the Dorogoyskyj district, which was not mentioned in any legal document. Soviet historians have sup- pressed the past of this region, believing that it belongs to Bukovina. There were no special studies devoted to Hertsaivskyj region in Ukrainian historiography, if not to mention the studies of considering its illegal capture by the Red Army in the summer of 1940. The purpose of the article is to characterize the economic indicators of the Hertsaivskyj region in the second half of the nine- teenth century. Its novelty is due to the use of materials not yet published in the Ukrainian scientific discourse, such as: the state of the rural genderness of the Hertsaivska volost in 1866 and its gen- eral assessment during 1899-1902. Metodology of the article is based on the analysis of agrarian culture in this region and its gen- eral economic situation, as well as the cultural level, historical state, the synthesis of disparate information. The basic source for the study of the region's economy during this period was two fun- damental works: “Romanian agriculture of the Dorogoyskyj dis- trict” (1866) by I. Ionesku de la Brada and the 5-volume "Large geographic dictionary of Romania" (1898-1902) by G. Lakhovari, K. Bratian, G. Tochilesku. Conclusions. It could be concluded, that the economic processes of this period, characteristic of Roma- nia, Bukovina and Bessarabia were observed in the Hercevsk Re- gion. The distribution of land to the peasants as a agrarian reform of 1864result, their liberation from serfdom influenced the eco- nomic, social and cultural development of the region. Landowners still had a great influence on the rural economy, free labor of for- mer serfs kept their economy in a satisfactory condition. But there was a new layer of hosts. They had been transformed into more resilient leaders, who have added new land to their land (they have been possessed the necessary of the tractive force to obtain a sub- stantial increase), they could lease additional space. For 35 years their number has not decreased, and profits were kept at a constant level. They picked up those initiatives of rational management of agriculture, which were in large landowners, increasing the com- radeship of their holdings. Herz and Mommitsy's Jewish communi- ties are also contributing to this process. They actively developed trade and handicrafts. Fairs in the mentioned towns revived the economic life of the region.

This article contains a brief description of the contribution of the great leader Heydar Aliyev to the development of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The issues of determining the prospects for development and the formation of a new potential of agriculture during his reign are also considered. The expedient solution of agricultural problems presented by him suggests the possibility of a rapid transfer of the agrarian sector of the economy to a new level. In addition, special attention is paid to the development of the agricultural sector, its regulatory regulation and identification of further prospects for its development, and Heydar Aliyev's special role in the development of agriculture is emphasized.

This paper deals with the emergence of the Eixo Forte region and its journey towards becoming an Agroextractive Settlement Project in rural Santarém, Brazilian Amazon, to describe how its creation process took place, contextualizing with the Brazilian legal framework while emphasizing the contribution of this settlement for the socioenvironmental function of the land. The methodology used was supported by a bibliographic survey and documentary research. Thus, it is hoped that this study can contribute to the knowledge of the Eixo Forte region until the establishment of the settlement and its aspects of legal construction, serving as a scientific record of the history of the organization of settlers for the creation and protection of these lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the stages of agricultural development strategies of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Taking into account that, our country is among the developing countries, agriculture is one of the leading sectors in the country after the oil industry. Agriculture plays an important role in the food security of the country and the socio-economic development of the regions. From this point of view, the state has always focused on the development of agriculture. Considering all the things mentioned above, the article has attempted to show the dynamics of development of agriculture in the economy of the country. Also, the article assessed the current state of agriculture in accordance with agrarian reforms carried out in the post-Soviet period and after the independence of the state. In the development of a competitive environment, the owner entities play large role. In the article found a place, development of enterprises in agriculture and their regulation by the state in accordance with the requirements of a market economy. Also, the dynamics of production, productivity and self-sufficiency of the main types of crop and livestock products were analyzed and evaluated on the basis of statistical data of the Azerbaijan Republic. It should be noted, the assessment also examined the impact of agrarian reforms on agricultural development after state independence. During the observation were used, methods of logical history, analysis-synthesis, induction deduction. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are based on the provisions obtained from the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Salvador Allende and his supporters forged a democratic path towards socialism, the task of building a more sovereign and egalitarian national economy became one of the Popular Unity (UP) revolution's first priorities. To that end, Allende's coalition promoted a massive downward redistribution of income during its first months in office while also extending state control over many of the country's most essential industries. Chile's food economy, including its agricultural sector, received special attention during this early period as both purchasing power and domestic production soared. However, when a combination of economic, ecological and political factors caused consumer production to stagnate, acute shortages for a wide range of goods raised questions about the viability of the UP's plans for a more just consumer economy. The emergence of a powerful opposition movement also raised questions about the government's reluctance to pursue substantive political changes at the same time that it implemented major economic reforms. By examining the political economy of the UP experiment in the context of Chile's 2019-20 uprising against inequality and political exclusion, this article reconsiders the consequences of the UP's inability to link economic transformations with changes in how political power was exercised in mid-century Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine deforestation processes in Apuí, a deforestation hotspot in Brazil's state of Amazonas and present processes of land-use change on this Amazonian development frontier. Settlement projects attract agents whose clearing reflects land accumulation and the economic importance of deforestation. We used a mixed-method approach in the Rio Juma Settlement to examine colonization and deforestation trajectories for 35 years at three scales of analysis: the entire landscape, cohorts of settlement lots divided by occupation periods, and lots grouped by landholding size per household. All sizes of landholdings are deforesting much more than before, and current political and economic forces favoring the agribusiness sector foreshadow increasing rates of forest clearing for pasture establishment in Apuí. The area cleared per year over the 2013–2018 period in Apuí grew by a percentage more than twice the corresponding percentage for the Brazilian Amazon as a whole. With the national congress and presidential administration signaling impunity for illegal deforestation, wealthy actors, and groups are investing resources in land grabbing and land accumulation, with land speculation being a crucial deforestation factor. This paper is unique in providing causal explanations at the decision-maker's level on how deforestation trajectories are linked to economic and political events (period effects) at the larger scales, adding to the literature by showing that such effects were more important than aging and cohort effects as explanations for deforestation trajectories. Additional research is needed to deepen our understanding of relations between land speculation, illegal possession of public lands, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers in Amazonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the effects of the transition from the industrial model of agribusiness to the financial model of agribusiness and its effects on public policies for agrarian reform in Brazil and Portugal. The objective of this article is to discuss the disputes of two developmental projects present in the agro-industrial model of production, on the one hand agrarian reform, on the other hand agribusiness, and how these two projects are modified by this new stage of global agrarian capitalism. This article intends to use a historical approach, however it is based on a sociological research carried out in Southeast Pará, Eldorado dos Carajás, and a historical research carried out in Southern Portugal, Beja District. For the Brazilian case we used the extended case method and semi-structured interviews, for the Portuguese case we used documentary research and oral history. This article points out as an effect of this insertion of agribusiness in both countries: a) an agrarian counter-reform policy; b) control of the market for inputs, machinery, seeds, feed and animal genetics by transnational companies; c) increase in food prices; d) strangulation of the peasant economy; e) rural unemployment; and f) rural desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines an under-explored dimension of agrarian reform and peasant studies in Colombia: the pro indiviso property used in the parcel system --created by Law 135 of 1961--, to allocate land to peasants under a collective scheme. Based on the experience of five large estates allocated in pro indiviso to landless peasants in La Mojana (San Marcos, Sucre), it examines the articulation of agrarian regulations with customary property practices in a community in which there are family plots, collective properties and commons. This ethnographic research combines participatory fieldwork involving peasants, interviews with experts in agrarian law and former Incora and Incoder officials, and a review of secondary sources. The study's findings reveal the mixed results of the collective scheme in terms of achieving the economic and social objectives proposed by the State, and in the establishment of rural property. They also question the agrarian individualism by which the peasantry has been represented. This analysis provides a novel perspective to peasant studies based on a perspective grounded in property policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to define the profile of the residents and the lots where they live, as well as to analyze ethnopedological aspects in the Fazenda do Salto rural settlement, located in the municipality of Barra Mansa - RJ. The definition of the profile of the settler was established by means of interviews based on the Semi Structured Interview Roadmap to evaluate the profile of settlement dwellers, property, the environmental and agricultural perception of the settlers, as well as ethnopedological aspects. Sampling was characterized by being dependent on the available subjects, with 10 interviews with residents of the settlement. The profile of the settlers and their lots is aimed at people over 50 years of age, low level of education, lack of technical assistance to assist in the development of their activities, low technological level applied in their lots, be it for agricultural production, or for livestock, little or no specialization and predominance of family labor. As for the perception of the ethnopedological aspects of the settlers, the similarity in the description of the soils present in the lot evaluated is emphasized, in a simplistic and popular language with that defined by the scientific and academic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orlando Fals Borda, a renowned Colombian sociologist, who worked for both the academia and the government from the 1950s to 90s, wrote two works on Colombian peasantry and its relation with big landowners that were published with a selection of photographs of peasants, landowners, and grassroots movements. These works and their images have had an impact on the construction of peasant- and landowner visual icons in recent Colombian history, as they have been used in books, primers, and exhibitions since their creation, and they had a crucial influence on the visual propaganda of the Agrarian Reform project in Colombia. As a result of Fals's fieldwork, there are two photograph collections kept at two institutions in Colombia that have organized and catalogued the images: The Central Bank in Montería and the National University in Bogotá. These institutions are prime creators of the visual memory of rural Colombia and I analyze Fals's fieldwork as part of a jigsaw puzzle in which peasants, landowners, and intellectuals, like Fals, both consumed and created visual icons of land, rurality, and peasantry in Colombia's recent history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis George Bacovia. Juridica is the property of George Bacovia University, Faculty of Sciences Economics, Juridical & Administrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of overconcentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pegada is the property of Pegada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the main causes of land disputes is due to the actions of the land mafia. The purpose of this research is to analyze and formulate policies on the prevention and eradication of the land mafia in Indonesia. The method used is qualitative research, and this type of research is included in the category of library research, and the research approach is descriptive-analytic. While the data analysis technique in this study uses the Miles and Huberman models, the conclusion from this study is that land dispute resolution cannot be made legally in Anich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to make a critical contribution to the "sovereignty problem" in food sovereignty (FS) studies. Contemporary scholarship has largely struggled to answer the question of who or what is sovereign within the realm of FS politics—underpinned by the relocalisation of agrarian production, sustainable nature–society relations, and a radical democratisation of food systems. Although the most recent scholarship has made significant progress on this issue, I offer an alternative historical materialist account of sovereignty understood as the combination of rights and territory. From a critical Marxian perspective, I deconstruct the basis of sovereign power as the intersection between social property rights (exploitation) and territorial governance (political technology) congealed within both capital and the state. This approach thus provides some clarity as to the necessary breaks required to establish an FS regime (self‐directed labour and cooperative territorial governance). The framework is then applied to the case of Bolivarian Venezuela. While witnessing some important achievements, Venezuela's FS experiment has encountered a number of contradictions. As this case study shows, peasant struggles aiming to retake control over production and establish cooperative forms of governance must traverse the entire terrain of the state and thus affect a broader socialisation of society's sociopolitical infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharecropping, perceived as a form of work organization and, therefore, a relationship mediated by socioeconomic context, was reproduced in towns along the Bavispe River in Sonora, Mexico, as a key element of agricultural and social development. This productive relationship was practiced mainly on lands owned by merchants, hacendados, cattle traders and "large-scale cattle ranchers". Although arable land was not abundant in the study area, sharecropping contracts were common. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how and why this particular form of work was reproduced in villages of the Bavispe River before the implementation of post-revolutionary agrarian redistribution policies. By analyzing qualitative and quantitative information from a critical theoretical perspective for the understanding of relations of domination, the essay sustains that sharecropping emerges as a function of preexisting conditions of inequality since, in this case, it was instituted in a context marked by an intensification of the unequal appropriation of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elaboration of a methodology of social intervention based on a collective work has as proposal to meet the needs of the community, the orientation of the technicians and a better interaction with the institutions that act in the place. In this sense, this article analyzes the development of a participatory methodology that articulates the use of the principles of social cartography. This was applied and validated in a rural settlement for the elaboration of georeferenced participatory maps on territorial representation. It is concluded that this methodology facilitated the empowerment of the participants in the territorial representation of the rural settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the different stages of the relations between Rosario Villari and the Italian Communist Party, beginning with his role as an advocate of social conflict for agrarian reform and then as a member of the team for the periodical «Cronache meridionali» and promoter of historical works. As editor of «Studi Storici», Villari developed scientific rigour and political engagement. During the 1980s, he took part in the debate over the decline of the Pci and joined the gradualist wing (the "miglioristi"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community advocates for land rights justice in post-reformasi Indonesia frame their claims in terms of either indigenous (adat) rights or agrarian justice discourses. This study considers how these framings function, how effectively they support land rights struggles, and how they advance justice claims. The article provides analytical insights by comparing two conflicts involving communities and large-scale forest plantation companies in Sumatra. It finds that, where democratisation has opened up political space, agrarian justice framing provides a more effective basis for mobilising a wider coalition of actors in heterogeneous contexts and can provide political leverage in such conflicts. While recent changes have widened the legal space for indigenous (adat) rights within de jure 'state forests', the customary framing needs to fit community claims into the restricted, bureaucratised adat concept found in state laws and, in diverse rural contexts, may provide a limited vehicle for social mobilisation. Irrespective of the framing, unless effective mobilisation and legal reform can provide legal and political empowerment, political, institutional and structural barriers will continue to generate truncated agreements in conflict negotiations that potentially cement the exclusion and marginalisation of local communities from land access and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the determinants of the probability of dispute over land conflicts, occupations and settlement projects) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Through the use of a logic model, we found that the main influences are political and economical ones. Apparently, the behavior of the agrarian reform’s supporters follows the political incentive, with fewer occurrences of conflicts in towns governed by political allies. By other hand, the economical determinants - degree of poverty and the economic growth - have negative impacts on it.