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Certain things are not meant to be talked about but are to be done, and things in relation to which purely expressive language seems secondary tend to be the most precious things in life. Generosity cannot be obtained by preaching about it, nor can the sacrifice of a martyr be the propaganda for heroism. It is the person who is the source of generosity, heroism and profusion of blessings. The emphasis is then on commitment as an immediate and primary act of the whole person. The soul is centered around free action which leads to simplicity and translucence.

University of California's decision to remove racial preferences for the 1997 undergraduate admissions has raised concerns about its effect on Hispanic, black, and American Indian undergraduates, especially in professional schools. Critics feel that these minority students receive privileges due to their underrepresentation and the removal of racial preferences will further reduce their representation. Others feel that in an intensely competitive environment, it is unjust to apply different standards to affirmative-action applicants.

Affirmative action referred to equal opportunity under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but, in the 1990s, it means the use of practices such as making quotas and giving preferential treatment. Affirmative action should be based on class instead of race.

Racial preference or 'affirmative action,' which is supported by its defenders as a means of solving many problems, has been the chief means since the sixties leading to the death of American liberalism. Affirmative action has also been called the multicultural liberalism, but it has nothing in common with 19th century classical liberalism or 20th century social-market liberalism. The corruption of language is one of the sad results of multiculturalism liberalism.

Affirmative action is the latest front in today's right-wing assault on people of color and women in the U.S. As the battle heats up, it becomes clear that women of [...]

The University of California Board of Regents has voted to halt the practice of racial preferences in hiring and admissions. This measure is likely to adversely affect black and Hispanic enrollment. But the Board has introduced a scheme to attract low-income students. This step is considered to be a political victory for Gov Pete Wilson of California who has always been opposed to affirmative action programs.

The SCOTUS 'will confront social issues that have divided the nation for decades in a new term that may produce its first ruling on gay marriage and a rollback of [...]

The change in the stance on racial preferences that Barack Obama appears to have adopted which could cost him the presidential nomination is discussed.

Abstract South Africa has unfortunately inherited a work environment based on an economic system characterised by deprivation, political instability, adversarial labour relations, cheap migrant labour, and massive income and wealth [...]

Selfishness has given rise to a new breed of racism in America, Mr. Houston points out, and this new breed of racism has the potential to destroy us all. America [...]

The article analyzes several landmark Supreme Court cases regarding racial discrimination in education. The author argues the Supreme Court has been hindering the civil rights movement by perpetuating the belief that the economy of literacy is white property, which has led to the current legal challenges of affirmative action.

Survey data from two samples of African-American students supported the hypothesis that the association between political ideology and attitudes toward affirmative action (AA) is moderated by the experience of workplace discrimination. Specifically, ideology was associated with support for AA, but only among individuals who had not experienced discrimination. Among these individuals, egalitarians, who view fairness in terms of group equality, were more supportive of AA than were individualists, who view fairness from the perspective of the individual. Conversely, among individuals who had experienced discrimination, ideology was not related to attitude toward AA: support was high and approximately equal regardless of ideology. Findings were interpreted in terms of Referent Cognitions Theory (Folger, 1986). KEYWORDS affirmative action * attitudes * discrimination * egalitarianism * ideology * individualism * racial discrimination

Bringing sociological theory and research to bear on the 'quota debates' dogging discussion of federal civil rights legislation in the early 1990s, this article highlights sociology's role in shaping employment law and shows how apparently technical legal arguments about allocating burdens of proof affect labor market resource allocation among the classes, races, and genders. Contrasting institutional-sociological with liberal-legal concepts of discrimination, the article shows why disparate impact theory has been the most sociological approach to Title VII enforcement. It also shows how disparate impact--a theory and method for establishing legally cognizable employment discrimination injurious to women and minorities--is, and is not, related to affirmative action--a policy encompassing a broad range of procedures intended to provide positive consideration to members of groups discriminated against in the past. Finally, a competing incentive framework is used to show that, although disparate impact creates some incentives for employers to adopt quota hiring, such incentives are counter-balanced by major incentives working against race- and gender-based quotas. Major counterincentives stem from disparate impact itself, from other aspects of equal employment law, and from organizational goals shaping business response to the legal environment.

A 1995 United Nations report estimated that white Americans, if ranked as a separate nation, would lead the world in well-being, a measure that combines life expectancy, educational achievement, and [...]

Doing Bad by Doing Good Heather Mac Donald, 'What Good Is Pro Bono?' in City Journal (Spring 2000), Manhattan Institute, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, New York 10017. The provision [...]

This paper presents national estimates of the population likely to identify with more than one race in the 2000 census as a result of a new federal policy allowing multiple racial identification. A large number of race-based public policies--including affirmative action and the redistricting provisions of the Voting Rights Act--may be affected by the shift of some 8-18 million people out of traditional single-race statistical groups. The declines in single-race populations resulting from the new classification procedure are likely to be greater in magnitude than the net undercount in the U.S. census at the center of the controversy over using census sampling. Based on ancestry data in the 1990 census and experimental survey results from the 1995 Current Population Survey, we estimate that 3.1-6.6% of the U.S. population is likely to mark multiple races. Our results are substantially higher than those suggested by previous research and have implications for the coding, reporting, and use of multiple response racial data by government and researchers. The change in racial classification may pose new conundrums for the implementation of race-based public policies, which have faced increasing criticism in recent years. racial classification | government statistics | U.S. census

It has been argued that affirmative action negatively affects the self-perceptions of beneficiaries. In contrast, it was hypothesized that this would not occur when individual qualifications were explicitly considered and, indeed, that failure under discrimination would be more self-detrimental. However, perceptions of reverse discrimination may butter negative self-attributions on the part of nonbeneficiaries. Responses in an experimental simulation indicated that, of several affirmative actions for women, passive nondiscrimination was viewed as the fairest response to discrimination. While women's self-perceptions were not affected by affirmative actions, they did suffer under failure. The presence of affirmative actions did not alleviate the effects of failure on men's self-perceptions. Possible alternatives for resistance to affirmative action are assessed and discussed.

Will increasing the number of minority and women police officers make law enforcement more effective by drawing on abilities that have gone untapped and creating better contact with communities and [...]

ATHENS, Ga. -- The University of Georgia will remain a place where diversity is valued so that its graduates are well prepared to live in a world with citizens of […]

College Board calls for `affirmative development' to enlarge pool for high-achieving students of color NEW YORK -- Although considerable national efforts have been directed at bringing poor students and students [...]

New Admissions Rules Hit Suburban Blacks Hard Next month, Jenna Bond-Louden will board a plane for North Carolina where she and other college seniors will spend all day learning to [...]