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207. Here at Home

Author

Pryor, Anne, primary, Kmetz, Debbie, additional, Olson, Ruth, additional, and Ackerman, Steven A., additional

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213. The oesophageal string test: a novel, minimally invasive method measures mucosal inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis

Author

Furuta, Glenn T., Kagalwalla, Amir F., Lee, James J., Alumkal, Preeth, Maybruck, Brian T., Fillon, Sophie A., Masterson, Joanne C., Ochkur, Sergei I., Protheroe, Cheryl, Moore, Wendy, Pan, Zhaoxing, Amsden, Katie, Robinson, Zachary, Capocelli, Kelley E., Mukkada, Vince, Atkins, Dan, Fleischer, David, Hosford, Lindsay, Kwatia, Mark A., Schroeder, Shauna, Kelly, Caleb, Lovell, Mark, Melin-Aldana, Hector, Ackerman, Steven J., Furuta, Glenn T., Kagalwalla, Amir F., Lee, James J., Alumkal, Preeth, Maybruck, Brian T., Fillon, Sophie A., Masterson, Joanne C., Ochkur, Sergei I., Protheroe, Cheryl, Moore, Wendy, Pan, Zhaoxing, Amsden, Katie, Robinson, Zachary, Capocelli, Kelley E., Mukkada, Vince, Atkins, Dan, Fleischer, David, Hosford, Lindsay, Kwatia, Mark A., Schroeder, Shauna, Kelly, Caleb, Lovell, Mark, Melin-Aldana, Hector, and Ackerman, Steven J.

Abstract

Objective Eosinophil predominant inflammation characterises histological features of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). Endoscopy with biopsy is currently the only method to assess oesophageal mucosal inflammation in EoE. We hypothesised that measurements of luminal eosinophil-derived proteins would correlate with oesophageal mucosal inflammation in children with EoE. Design The Enterotest diagnostic device was used to develop an oesophageal string test (EST) as a minimally invasive clinical device. EST samples and oesophageal mucosal biopsies were obtained from children undergoing upper endoscopy for clinically defined indications. Eosinophil-derived proteins including eosinophil secondary granule proteins (major basic protein-1, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil peroxidase) and Charcot– Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 were measured by ELISA in luminal effluents eluted from ESTs and extracts of mucosal biopsies. Results ESTs were performed in 41 children with active EoE (n=14), EoE in remission (n=8), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (n=4) and controls with normal oesophagus (n=15). EST measurement of eosinophilderived protein biomarkers significantly distinguished between children with active EoE, treated EoE in remission, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and normal oesophagus. Levels of luminal eosinophil-derived proteins in EST samples significantly correlated with peak and mean oesophageal eosinophils/high power field (HPF), eosinophil peroxidase indices and levels of the same eosinophil-derived proteins in extracts of oesophageal biopsies. Conclusions The presence of eosinophil-derived proteins in luminal secretions is reflective of mucosal inflammation in children with EoE. The EST is a novel, minimally invasive device for measuring oesophageal eosinophilic inflammation in children with EoE.

Published
2013

215. Novel Device to Sample the Esophageal Microbiome— The Esophageal String Test

Author

Fillon, Sophie A., Harris, J. Kirk, Wagner, Brandie D., Kelly, Caleb J., Stevens, Mark J., Moore, Wendy, Fang, Rui, Schroeder, Shauna, Masterson, Joanne C., Robertson, Charles E., Pace, Norman R., Ackerman, Steven J., Furuta, Glenn T., Fillon, Sophie A., Harris, J. Kirk, Wagner, Brandie D., Kelly, Caleb J., Stevens, Mark J., Moore, Wendy, Fang, Rui, Schroeder, Shauna, Masterson, Joanne C., Robertson, Charles E., Pace, Norman R., Ackerman, Steven J., and Furuta, Glenn T.

Abstract

A growing number of studies implicate the microbiome in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Previous work has shown that adults with esophagitis related to gastroesophageal reflux disease have altered esophageal microbiota compared to those who do not have esophagitis. In these studies, sampling of the esophageal microbiome was accomplished by isolating DNA from esophageal biopsies obtained at the time of upper endoscopy. The aim of the current study was to identify the esophageal microbiome in pediatric individuals with normal esophageal mucosa using a minimally invasive, capsule-based string technology, the EnterotestTM. We used the proximal segment of the Enterotest string to sample the esophagus, and term this the ‘‘Esophageal String Test’’ (EST). We hypothesized that the less invasive EST would capture mucosal adherent bacteria present in the esophagus in a similar fashion as mucosal biopsy. EST samples and mucosal biopsies were collected from children with no esophageal inflammation (n = 15) and their microbiome composition determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiota from esophageal biopsies and ESTs produced nearly identical profiles of bacterial genera and were different from the bacterial contents of samples collected from the nasal and oral cavity. We conclude that the minimally invasive EST can serve as a useful device for study of the esophageal microbiome.

Published
2012

219. Su1831 Determination of the Molecular Phenotype of Esophageal Mucosal Inflammation in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Using a 1-Hour Esophageal String Test (EST)

Author

Ackerman, Steven J., primary, Kagalwalla, Amir, additional, Alumkal, Preeth, additional, Du, Jian, additional, Harris, Rachel, additional, Hosford, Lindsay, additional, Amsden, Katie, additional, Moore, Wendy, additional, Fillon, Sophie A., additional, Masterson, Joanne C., additional, Capocelli, Kelley, additional, Melin-Aldana, Hector, additional, Maybruck, Brian T., additional, Ochkur, Sergei, additional, Lee, James J., additional, Pan, Zhaoxing, additional, and Furuta, Glenn, additional

Published
2013
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220. 879 The Esophageal String Test (EST) Quantifies Luminal Eosinophil and Chemokine Biomarkers Reflective of Esophageal Inflammation in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)

Author

Ackerman, Steven J., primary, Gonsalves, Nirmala, additional, Alumkal, Preeth, additional, Du, Jian, additional, Maybruck, Brian T., additional, Nelson, Christine E., additional, Zalewski, Angelika, additional, Yang, Guang-Yu, additional, Furuta, Glenn, additional, and Hirano, Ikuo, additional

Published
2013
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221. Novel Device to Sample the Esophageal Microbiome—The Esophageal String Test

Author

Fillon, Sophie A., primary, Harris, J. Kirk, additional, Wagner, Brandie D., additional, Kelly, Caleb J., additional, Stevens, Mark J., additional, Moore, Wendy, additional, Fang, Rui, additional, Schroeder, Shauna, additional, Masterson, Joanne C., additional, Robertson, Charles E., additional, Pace, Norman R., additional, Ackerman, Steven J., additional, and Furuta, Glenn T., additional

Published
2012
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223. The oesophageal string test: a novel, minimally invasive method measures mucosal inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis

Author

Furuta, Glenn T, primary, Kagalwalla, Amir F, additional, Lee, James J, additional, Alumkal, Preeth, additional, Maybruck, Brian T, additional, Fillon, Sophie, additional, Masterson, Joanne C, additional, Ochkur, Sergei, additional, Protheroe, Cheryl, additional, Moore, Wendy, additional, Pan, Zhaoxing, additional, Amsden, Katie, additional, Robinson, Zachary, additional, Capocelli, Kelley, additional, Mukkada, Vince, additional, Atkins, Dan, additional, Fleischer, David, additional, Hosford, Lindsay, additional, Kwatia, Mark A, additional, Schroeder, Shauna, additional, Kelly, Caleb, additional, Lovell, Mark, additional, Melin-Aldana, Hector, additional, and Ackerman, Steven J, additional

Published
2012
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227. Over-Expression Of Autotaxin Accentuates Allergic Asthmatic Inflammation

Author

Park, Gye Young, primary, Fu, Panfeng, additional, Park, Hyesuk, additional, Deng, Jing, additional, Maybruck, Brian, additional, Nyenhuis, Sharmilee, additional, Berdyshev, Evgeny, additional, Morris, Andrew J., additional, Ackerman, Steven J., additional, Christman, John W., additional, and Natarajan, Viswanathan, additional

Published
2011
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229. The Esophageal String Test (Est): A Novel Minimally Invasive Method for Measuring Esophageal Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)

Author

Furuta, Glenn, primary, Kagalwalla, Amir, additional, Lee, James J., additional, Fillon, Sophie A., additional, Moore, Wendy, additional, Masterson, Joanne C., additional, Robinson, Zachary, additional, Alumkal, Preeth, additional, Protheroe, Cheryl A., additional, Hosford, Lindsay, additional, Schroeder, Shauna, additional, Ruybal, Joe, additional, Ochkur, Sergei, additional, Atkins, Dan, additional, Fleischer, David M., additional, Jacques, Katie, additional, Capocelli, Kelley, additional, Maybruck, Brian, additional, Kelly, Caleb J., additional, Kwatia, Mark A., additional, Lovell, Mark A., additional, Goldstein, Jay L., additional, and Ackerman, Steven J., additional

Published
2011
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233. S1070 Identification of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Its Relationship to Esophageal Remodeling and Fibrosis

Author

Akhtar, Noorain, primary, Woodruff, Samantha A., additional, Mukkada, Vincent A., additional, Fillon, Sophie A., additional, Masterson, Joanne C., additional, Kagalwalla, Amir F., additional, Parashette, Kalyan Ray, additional, Jun, Christine, additional, Lee, James J., additional, Furuta, Glenn T., additional, and Ackerman, Steven J., additional

Published
2010
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245. Esophageal remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis: Relationships to luminal captured biomarkers of inflammation and periostin.

Author

Muir, Amanda B., Ackerman, Steven J., Pan, Zhaoxing, Benitez, Alain, Burger, Cassandra, Spergel, Jonathan M., Furuta, Glenn T., Rothman, Joshua, Wilkins, Benjamin J., Arnold, Michael A., Dolinsky, Lauren, Grozdanovic, Milica, and Menard-Katcher, Calies

Abstract

Esophageal remodeling is a factor in disease progression and symptom severity for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Remodeling can begin early in children, resulting in stricture and food impaction. Detection of esophageal remodeling often depends on endoscopy and is appreciated only in its later stages. We sought to determine whether luminal eosinophil-associated and remodeling proteins captured by the esophageal string test (EST) correlate with measures of esophageal remodeling and biomarkers of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Patients with EoE (7-18 years old) were enrolled from 2 pediatric hospitals. Participants performed the EST and underwent endoscopy. Histology, distensibility measured by endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe, and symptoms were assessed. Protein quantitation by ELISA was performed on mucosal biopsy and EST samples. Tissue sections were evaluated for EMT. Outcome measures were summarized, and Spearman ρ was used to assess bivariate correlations. Forty patients (68% male) were enrolled (mean age, 12.5 years). Twenty-four (60%) had active disease (≥15 eosinophils per high-power field). EST-captured eotaxin-3, major basic protein 1, EDN, eosinophil peroxidase, and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 showed significant correlations with peak eosinophils per high-power field (ρ 0.53-0.68, P <.001). Luminal proteins positively correlated with endoscopic features and markers of EMT, and negatively with esophageal distensibility. Periostin was captured by the EST and correlated with eosinophil density, basal zone hyperplasia, endoscopic appearance, and markers of EMT. Luminal markers of esophageal remodeling in addition to biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation correlate with epithelial and functional remodeling in EoE. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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246. Using the radiative temperature difference at 3.7 and 11 microns to track dust outbreaks

Author

Ackerman, Steven A

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

The radiative temperature difference between 3.7 and 11 microns (Delta T) is investigated as a possible method for tracking dust outbreaks. Theoretical calculations indicate that the technique would be most sensitive to dust loading during the day when the Delta Ts are enhanced by reflection of 3.7-micron solar radiation. The feasibility of tracking dust outbreaks is demonstrated by comparing satellite observations with surface estimates of visibility. Theoretical calculations also demonstrate the potential of inferring the dust layer optical depth from these spectral measurements.

Published
1989
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247. Shortwave radiative parameterization of large atmospheric aerosols - Dust and water clouds

Author

Ackerman, Steven A and Cox, Stephen K

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

A parameterization of the single scattering properties of an aerosol for a dust layer in the solar spectral region is presented. The parameterization scheme accounts for the microphysical changes of an aerosol layer and is applied to dust and water clouds. A scaling parameter is presented which describes, simply and effectively, the optical properties of an aerosol layer with a large effective size parameter.

Published
1988

248. Radiative energy budget estimates for the 1979 southwest summer monsoon

Author

Ackerman, Steven A and Cox, Stephen K

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

A major objective of the summer monsoon experiment (SMONEX) was the determination of the heat sources and sinks associated with the southwest summer monsoon. The radiative component is presented here. The vertically integrated tropospheric radiation energy budget is negative and varies significantly as a function of monsoon activity. The gradient in the latitudinal mean tropospheric cooling reverses between the winter periods and the late spring/early summer periods. The radiative component of the vertical profile of the diabatic heating is derived. These profiles are a strong function of the stage of the monsoon as well as the geographic region. In general, the surface experiences a net gain of radiative energy during the late spring and early summer periods. During the winter periods, areas northward of 25 N display net surface losses, while the remaining areas exhibit net gains.

Published
1987
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