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Corporate giving is increasingly important to the nonprofit sector. However, corporate philanthropy has been slow to adopt insights from the sector’s decades-long experimentation with strategic philanthropy. This article explores the question of how corporate philanthropy might leverage service learning partnerships with students in university-based nonprofit education programs to enhance strategy and maximize social impact. We propose a model for strategic corporate philanthropy comprising two axes, on which the corporation can gauge whether its giving is more proactive or reactive, and technocratic or humanistic, to find a balance between strategy and rigidity. Qualitative data were collected from a service learning project between Toyota Motor North America, Master of Public Administration (MPA) students at a Texas university, and residents of an economically challenged area of West Dallas. Findings suggest that service learning partnerships can help corporate philanthropists strike an appropriate strategic balance, whereby the corporation, individuals being served, and students all benefit. Subscribe to JNEL

El presente estudio tiene como propósito identificar las buenas prácticas en la gestión del capital de trabajo que han tenido relación en el desempeño de las empresas Unión de Cervecerías Peruanas Backus y Johnston S.A., Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. y Compañía Minera Poderosa S.A., entre el periodo 2015 a 2019. De esta manera brindar un aporte académico a los estudios previos que existen sobre este tema en la comunidad académica del país. A propósito de lo señalado anteriormente, se presenta la situación actual del capital de trabajo, analizando la gestión del efectivo, cuentas por cobrar, inventarios y cuentas por pagar, de cada empresa utilizando el ciclo de conversión de efectivo para cada participante del estudio. El indicador EVA ha sido calculado y presentado para cada empresa y se relaciona con la gestión del capital de trabajo, al simular el comportamiento de los principales indicadores de capital de trabajo en cada una de las empresas estudiadas, observamos la siguiente relación con el EVA: relación negativa entre el EVA y el ciclo de conversión de efectivo, las cuentas por cobrar e inventario, y relación positiva entre el EVA y las cuentas por pagar. Se identificaron buenas prácticas en la gestión del capital de trabajo con respecto a la empresa Unión de Cervecerías Peruanas Backus y Johnston S.A. las cuales son: En la gestión del efectivo son la proyección de fondos de ocho semanas para pagos de obligaciones e inversión de efectivo disponible en el mercado de capitales. En la gestión de cuentas por cobrar son la revisión mensual de la cartera de créditos considerando la exposición al riesgo, recorte de créditos de acuerdo con el cumplimiento de metas, negociación con clientes por pronto pago, uso de factoring con clientes seleccionados siempre que la tasa sea menor al WACC, evaluación mensual del nivel de cuentas por cobrar comparándolo con el nivel de pasivos generados para mantenerlos en línea con los objetivos, uso de indicadores diferenciados según el canal de ventas tales como cuentas por cobrar entre el net revenue el cual debe ser alrededor del 5%, el crédito vencido no debe ser mayor al 3% de la cartera de créditos, el porcentaje de apalancamiento ventas al crédito entre ventas totales debe estar alrededor de 35%. En la gestión del inventario son el control de inventarios de máximos y mínimos insumos para cubrir la producción y demanda según el lead time para la venta, el uso del indicador inventario entre el net revenue el cual debe ser alrededor del 6.5%. En la gestión de cuentas por pagar tenemos la negociación directa con proveedores, el uso de factoring con proveedores cuyo costo es asumido por los proveedores mediante tasas competitivas, uso de tarjetas de crédito para pagos relevantes a través de los pagos en los días establecidos para evitar intereses, uso del indicador cuentas por pagar entre el net revenue el cual debe ser alrededor del 6.5%. Con respecto a la empresa Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A las buenas prácticas identificadas son: En la gestión del efectivo el manejo del flujo de caja operativo y el flujo de caja proyectado. En la gestión de cuentas por cobrar son las políticas de ventas respaldadas con garantías, evaluación constante del comportamiento de pagos del cliente para el otorgamiento de créditos. En la gestión de inventarios son el control de inventarios por planta y por producto. En la gestión de cuentas por pagar son la negociación directa con los proveedores para cumplir con los objetivos de la empresa. Con respecto a la empresa Compañía Minera Poderosa S.A. las buenas prácticas identificadas son: En la gestión de efectivo son el uso del flujo de caja para garantizar la liquidez en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones, no realizar inversiones que no estén dirigidas a la operación de la empresa. En la gestión de las cuentas por cobrar son el uso de acuerdos previos para asegurar la cobranza inmediata. En la gestión de inventarios son el uso de un sistema in house para el manejo del inventario, control de inventarios por procesos y el uso de la metodología ABC; el uso de ratios de inventarios como el reporte de devoluciones, stock out, nivel de atención oportuna, nivel de materiales obsoletos. En la gestión de cuentas por pagar son los descuentos por pronto pago, negociación de plazos de pago con los proveedores asegurando que no se rompa la cadena de pagos. The purpose of this study is to identify good practices in the management of working capital that have been related to the performance of the companies Unión de Cervecerías Peruanas Backus y Johnston S.A., Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. and Compañía Minera Poderosa S.A., between the period 2015 to 2019. In this way, provide an academic contribution to the previous studies that exist on this subject in the academic community of the country. Regarding the aforementioned, the current situation of working capital is presented, analyzing the management of cash, accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable, of each company using the cash conversion cycle for each participant in the study. The EVA indicator has been calculated a presented for each company and is related to the management of working capital, by simulating the behavior of the main working capital indicators in each of the companies studied, we observe the following relationship with the EVA: negative relationship between EVA and cash conversion cycle, accounts receivable and inventory, and positive relationship between EVA and accounts payable. Good practices were identified in the management of working capital with respect to the company Unión de Cervecerías Peruanas Backus y Johnston S.A. which are: In cash Management are the projection of funds of eight weeks for payments of obligations and investment of cash available in the capital market. In the management of accounts receivable, they are the monthly review of the loan portfolio considering risk exposure, credit cut in accordance with the fulfillment of goals, negotiation with clients promp payment, use of factoring with selected clients as long as the rate is lower than the WACC, monthly evaluation of the level of accounts receivable comparing it with the level of liabilities generated to keep them in line with the objectives, use of differentiated indicators according to the sales channel such as accounts receivable between net revenue which should be around 5%, overdue credit should not be greater than 3% of the loan portfolio, the percentage of leverage sales on credit between total sales it should be around 35%. In inventory management, the inventory control of maximum and minimum inputs to cover production and demand according to the lead time for sale is the use of the inventory indicator between the net revenue, which should be around 6.5%. In the management of accounts payable we have direct negotiation with suppliers, the use of factoring with suppliers whose cost is assumed by the suppliers through competitive rates, use of credit cards for relevant payments through payments on the established days to avoid interest, use of the accounts payable indicator between the net revenue which should be around 6.5%. Regarding the company Cementos Pacasmayo S.A. A, the good practices identified are: In cash management, they are the management of the operating cash flow and the projected cash flow. In the management of accounts receivable, sales policies are backed by guarantees, constant evaluation of the customer's payment behavior for the granting of credits. In inventory management are inventory control by plant and by product. In the management of accounts payable they are direct negotiation with suppliers to meet the objectives of the company. With respect to the company Compañía Minera Poderosa S.A. the good practices identified are: In cash management, they are the use of cash flow to guarantee liquidity in the fulfillment of its obligations, not to make investments that are not directed to the operation of the company. In the management of accounts receivable are the use of prior agreements to ensure immediate collection. In inventory management they are the use of an in-house system for inventory management, inventory control by processes and the use of the ABC methodology; the use of inventory ratios such as the report of returns, stock out, level of timely attention, level of obsolete materials. In the management of accounts payable are discounts for prompt payment, negotiation of payment terms with suppliers ensuring that the chain of payments is not broken.

Las características biogeográficas de Colombia permiten la existencia de una amplia diversidad de plantas. La familia Lentibulariaceae es un grupo de plantas carnívoras conformada por los géneros Pinguicula, Genlisea y Utricularia.. Sin embargo, en el territorio colombiano son muy pocos los estudios relacionados a esta la familia de plantas carnívolas. Además, usualmente se realizan estudios con un enfoque únicamente morfológico para la identificación en esta familia, que puede ocasionar una caracterización errónea, por lo tanto, es necesaria la implementación de métodos moleculares complementarios a los métodos tradicionales. El uso de marcadores moleculares es una alternativa viable para llevar a cabo la identificación y caracterización de especies de los géneros que componen la familia Lentibulariaceae. A través de una búsqueda sistemática de información se realizó una lista de las especies de la familia Lentibulariaceae registradas en Colombia y se construyó un mapa de distribución de las especies. Adicionalmente, haciendo uso de la información encontrada en la base de datos NCBI, se seleccionó el gen rps16 correspondientes a las especies encontradas en la base de datos de la familia Lentibulariaceae. Hasta el momento 36 especies de las 360 especies de la familia Lentibulariaceae, han sido registradas en Colombia. En 28 departamentos del territorio colombiano se han registrado especies de esta familia, con una abundancia significativa en los departamentos de Vichada, Vaupés y Guainía. Finalmente, la información existente en las bases de datos revisadas respecto a la familia Lentibulariaceae es muy escasa, por lo que es necesario realizar más exploración y estudios conocer a profundidad la diversidad y evolución de las especies de la familia en el territorio Colombiano. In Colombia, very few studies related to the Lentibulariaceae family have been carried out, mainly due to the lack of interest and information related to these genera. Since there is robust molecular information on the phylogeny of Lentibulariaceae in the literature, and resorting only to the morphological approach for identification in this family can lead to erroneous characterization, it is necessary to implement alternative and complementary methods to traditional methods. The use of molecular markers is a viable alternative to carry out an identification and characterization of species of the genus Pinguicula, Genlisea and Utricularia, which make up the Lentibulariaceae family. Through this work, the species of the Lentibulariaceae family registered in Colombia will be determined and an analysis of their distribution in the Colombian territory will be made. A species distribution map was made. So far 36 species of the 360 species of the Lentibulariaceae family have been registered in Colombia. In total, in 28 departments of the Colombian territory, species of this family have been registered, with a significant abundance in the departments of Vichada, Vaupés and Guainía. The information in the databases reviewed regarding the Lentibulariaceae family in the country is very scarce, therefore, more studies are necessary for the correct characterization of the species of the family in the Colombian territory.

Abraham Ibn Hayyim, of Spanish origin and who probably was an exile from Spain, was a wealthy trader in Egypt in the first half of the 16th century. He was the father-in-law of the last Naggid in Egypt, Isaac Ha-Kohen Sholal (1502-1517, and is known from several Hebrew sources from that time. Several Cairo Genizah documents reveal information about him: in a document from 1525 we see that he and the Naggid were accused of hiding a sum of money owed to the local authorities; this might have been some form of tax evasion, and for this reason he was put in jail together with his son-in-law Isaac ha-Kohen Sholal. From three other Genizah documents published in this article we learn about Abraham’s personal activities in trade. These documents are connected to his conflict with other merchants. Two documents are Jewish court records regarding his claims against his commercial partners, and the third is a claim letter addressed to the Jewish court against another partner. These documents yield information about Abraham Ibn Hayyim's commercial activities in domestic and international trade, as well as about items of commerce: spices, perfumes, clothes, leathers and precious stones, such as rubies which were produced in the Far East.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emergent bacterial pathogen that provokes many types of infections in hospitals around the world. The genome of this organism consists of a chromosome and plasmids. These plasmids vary over a wide size range and many of them have been linked to the acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. Our bioinformatic analyses indicate that A. baumannii plasmids belong to a small number of plasmid lineages. The general structure of these lineages seems to be very stable and consists not only of genes involved in plasmid maintenance functions but of gene sets encoding poorly characterized proteins, not obviously linked to survival in the hospital setting, and opening the possibility that they improve the parasitic properties of plasmids. An analysis of genes involved in replication, suggests that members of the same plasmid lineage are part of the same plasmid incompatibility group. The same analysis showed the necessity of classifying the Rep proteins in ten new groups, under the scheme proposed by Bertini et al. (2010). Also, we show that some plasmid lineages have the potential capacity to replicate in many bacterial genera including those embracing human pathogen species, while others seem to replicate only within the limits of the Acinetobacter genus. Moreover, some plasmid lineages are widely distributed along the A. baumannii phylogenetic tree. Despite this, a number of them lack genes involved in conjugation or mobilization functions. Interestingly, only 34.6% of the plasmids analyzed here possess antibiotic resistance genes and most of them belong to fourteen plasmid lineages of the twenty one described here. Gene flux between plasmid lineages appears primarily limited to transposable elements, which sometimes carry antibiotic resistance genes. In most plasmid lineages transposable elements and antibiotic resistance genes are secondary acquisitions. Finally, broad host-range plasmids appear to have played a crucial role.

Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional

A livable community, as a practical term, is a place-based vision focusing on land-use elements that promote residents of all ages and abilities to live, work, and play in their community. Livability through physical design expands across community elements of streets, commercial and residential uses, and public spaces. As a planning effort, livable communities advance decades of responses toward urban sprawl and community health. In this chapter, we present conceptual frameworks from key planning predecessors including growth management strategies, comprehensive planning approaches, smart growth movements, and sustainable development to community health. Furthermore, we review the research evidence on livable environments health and economic benefits to a community and contributions to the quality of life. Understanding that sustainability provides the framework for considering livable communities in terms of equity and access, we present illustrative case studies providing evidence of mobilization, government programs, and collaboration for improved services and conditions to humanize public space. We are of the view that existing injustices to livable communities in land use and zoning decisions create ongoing health disparities so much that in some jurisdictions, Zip codes are used as predictors of health outcomes. Livability is a place-making outcome predicated on the relationship of multiple community development theories in areas of supportive community characteristics. We review the need for research evidence to guide livability policies and indicators for sustainable livable communities.

In this study, the effect of three different wormhole configurations: single-linear, single-branched, and double-branched wormholes on the performance of cyclic solvent injection was investigated through extensive experimentation. A 2D rectangular sand-packed model with porosity and permeability of 31.96–33.2% and 4.3–10.4 d and heavy oil sample of viscosity 4440 mPa.s at T = 21 °C were used to represent a typical thin post-cold heavy oil production, respectively, with sands (post-CHOPS) reservoir. First, a series of cyclic solvent (15% C3H8–85% CO2) injection tests were carried out under operating injection pressure of Pinj = 730 kPa. After termination of each test, the residual oil saturation distributions on the top and middle layers of the sand-packed model were determined through additional tests. Thereafter, the double-branched wormhole network was subjected to another cyclic injection of 15% C3H8–85% CO2 to investigate the effect of a lengthier soaking time. The experimental results showed an improved heavy oil recovery factor (RF) (attributed to foamy oil phenomenon) as the number of wormhole branch increases. Therefore, better performance of CSI process was ascribed to larger wormhole coverage in the sand-packed model. The residual oil saturation profile also confirms this as larger wormhole coverage is required to produce oil during CSI process. However, lengthier soaking time in the presence of double-branched wormhole improved the incremental production of the early cycles, and increased the ultimate oil RF from 43.46 to 47.06% original oil in place. The findings of this paper further iterate the role of wormhole multi-branching systems in post-CHOPS reservoirs on the application of CSI schemes as a follow-up technique.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to juxtapose chaos theory with organizational learning theory to examine whether public organizations co-evolve into a new order or rather institutionalize newly gained knowledge in times of a highly complex public health crisis. Design/methodology/approach The research design utilizes the results from a survey administered to 200 emergency management and public health officials in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that public entities were more likely to represent organizational learning through the coordination of professionals, access to quality information, and participation in daily communication. Leadership was associated with the dissemination of knowledge through the system rather than the development of new standard operating procedures (as suggested by chaos theory and co-evolution). Research limitations/implications There are limitations to this study given the purposive sample of emergency management and public health officials employed in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Practical implications The authors find that public organizations that learn how to respond to unprecedented events through reliance on structure, leadership, and culture connect decision makers to credible information resulting in organizational learning. Social implications As a result, public administrators need to focus and rely on their organization’s capacity to receive and retain information in a crisis. Originality/value This research contributes to our understanding of organizational learning in public organizations under highly complex public health situations finding decisions makers rely on both organizational structure and culture to support the flow of credible information.