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International audience; A single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is a useful tool to portray uncertainty in multi attribute decision-making. In this article, we develop hybrid averaging and hybrid geometric aggregation operator using sine trigonometric function to handle uncertainty in single valued neutrosophic information, which are, sine trigonometric-single valued neutrosophic hybrid weighted averaging (ST-SVNHWA) operator and , sine trigonometric-single valued neutrosophic hybrid weighted geometric (ST-SVNHWG) operator. We investigate properties, namely, idempotancy, monotonicity and boundedness for the proposed operators. Moreover, we give an algorithm to solve multi-criteria decision-making issues which involve SVN information with ST-SVNHWA and ST-SVNHWG operators. Finally, an illustrative example of agricultural land selection is provided to verify the effectiveness. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are also implemented to assess the stability and validity of our method.

Despite heavy insulation, the unavoidable heat leak from the surroundings into an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage tank causes boil-off-gas (BOG) generation. A comprehensive dynamic CFD simulation of an onshore full-scale LNG tank in a regasification terminal is presented. LNG is approximated as pure methane, the axisymmetric VOF (Volume of Fluid) model is used to track the vapour-liquid interface, and the Lee model is employed to account for the phase change including the effect of static pressure. An extensive investigation of the heat ingress magnitude, internal flow dynamics, and convective heat transfer gives useful insights on the boiling phenomena and a reliable quantification of the BOG. Surface evaporation is the governing boiling mechanism and nucleate boiling is unlikely with proper insulation. The critical wall superheat marking the transition from surface evaporation to nucleate boiling is estimated as 2.5–2.8 K for LNG.

Spherical fuzzy set is the generalized structure over existing structures of fuzzy sets to deals with uncertainty and imprecise information in decision-making problems. Viewing the effectiveness of the spherical fuzzy set, we developed a decision-making algorithm to deal with multi-criteria decision-making problems. In this paper, we extend operational laws to propose spherical fuzzy Choquet integral weighted averaging (SFCIWA) operator based on spherical fuzzy numbers. Further, the proposed SFCIWA operator is applied to multi-attribute group decision-making problems. Also, we propose the GRA method to aggregate the spherical fuzzy information. To implement the proposed models, we provide some numerical applications of group decision-making problems. Also compared with the previous model, we conclude that the proposed technique is more effective and reliable.

To evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as an alternative diagnostic tool to the “gold standard” cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 3D cephalometric analysis. In this prospective feasibility study, 12 patients (8 males, 4 females; mean age ± SD, 26.1 years ± 6.6) underwent 3D MRI and CBCT before orthognathic surgery. 3D cephalometric analysis was performed twice by two independent observers on both modalities. For each dataset, 27 cephalometric landmarks were defined from which 35 measurements (17 angles, 18 distances) were calculated. Statistical analyses included the calculation of Euclidean distances, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland-Altman analysis, and equivalence testing (linear mixed effects model) with a predefined equivalence margin of ± 1°/1 mm. Analysis of reliability for CBCT vs. MRI (intra-rater I/intra-rater II/inter-rater) revealed Euclidean distances of 0.86/0.86/0.98 mm vs. 0.93/0.99/1.10 mm for landmarks, ICCs of 0.990/0.980/0.986 vs. 0.982/0.978/0.980 for angles, and ICCs of 0.992/0.988/0.989 vs. 0.991/0.985/0.988 for distances. Bland-Altman analysis showed high levels of agreement between CBCT and MRI with bias values (95% levels of agreement) of 0.03° (− 1.49; 1.54) for angles and 0.02 mm (− 1.44; 1.47) for distances. In the linear mixed effects model, the mean values of CBCT and MRI measurements were equivalent. This feasibility study indicates that MRI enables reliable 3D cephalometric analysis with excellent agreement to corresponding measurements on CBCT. Thus, MRI could serve as a non-ionizing alternative to CBCT for treatment planning and monitoring in orthodontics as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery. • Clinically established 3D cephalometric measurements performed on MRI are highly reliable and show an excellent agreement with CBCT (gold standard). • The MRI technique applied in this study could be used as a non-ionizing diagnostic tool in orthodontics as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery. • Since most patients benefiting from 3D cephalometry are young in age, the use of MRI could substantially contribute to radiation protection and open up new possibilities for treatment monitoring.

3D cephalometric analysis performed on cone-beam or multi-slice computed tomography (CBCT, MSCT) has superior diagnostic value compared to 2D cephalometry based on radiographs. However, this comes at the expense of increased radiation risks for the predominantly young patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to overcome this diagnostic dilemma but has not been established for 3D cephalometry so far. Since landmark reliability forms the basis for 3D cephalometry, we evaluated the in vivo reliability of established 3D landmarks using MRI. Sixteen orthodontic patients underwent MRI at 3 Tesla using a 0.5 mm 3D sequence. On each MRI scan, 44 cephalometric landmarks were determined. Image analysis was performed twice by two independent observers. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was assessed by mean measurement errors and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Measurement errors were calculated as Euclidean distances and distances for x-, y-, and z-coordinates. Overall, MRI-based 3D cephalometric landmarks revealed a high reliability comparable to prior in vivo studies using CBCT/MSCT. Intra- and inter-rater ICCs were consistently higher than 0.9. Intra-rater comparisons showed mean measurement differences (ranges) of 0.87 mm (0.41–1.63) for rater I and 0.94 mm (0.49–1.28) for rater II. Average inter-rater difference was 1.10 mm (0.52–2.29). Distinct differences in reliability between the various landmarks were observed, corresponding well with the landmarks’ specific shapes. The present study demonstrates that MRI enables reliable determination of 3D cephalometric landmarks in vivo. This study emphasizes the potential of MRI to perform treatment planning and monitoring in orthodontics as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery without radiation exposure.

In this article we used picture linguistic fuzzy Choquet integral weighted averaging (PLFCIWA) operator for multi-attribute group decision making problem, where the attribute weight information are completely unknown. Firstly, we utilized the PLFCIWA operator to aggregate the total preference value of each alternative by decision makers. An optimization model are used to obtain the weighting vector of the criteria, using the basic ideal of traditional grey relational analysis (GRA) method. The degree of grey relation between every alternative and positive-ideal solution and negative-ideal solution is computed. Then, a relative relational degree is defined to find the ranking order of all alternatives by calculating the degree of grey relation to both the positive-ideal solution (PIS) and negative ideal solution (NIS) simultaneously. Finally, a descriptive example is solved to satisfy effectiveness and practicality of the proposed techniques.

The main aim of this paper is to introduce asingle structure which carries the subsets of X as well as the subsets of Yunder the parameter for studying the information about the orderedpair of soft subsets of X and Y. Such a structure is called a binary soft structurefrom X to Y. The purpose of this paper is to introduce certain binary soft weakaxioms that are analogous to the axioms of topology.

As a new extension of a cubic set, the notion of a cubic picture fuzzy set is introduced.The propose work is separated into two portions. Firstly, establish the concept of cubic picturefuzzy set and explore associated properties. Secondly, establish internal (external) cubic picturefuzzy sets and define P-order and R-order union and intersection. Deliver some examples to supportof established P-order and R-order union and intersection of internal (external) cubic picture fuzzysets.

In this article, we introduced N-fuzzy bi-topological space by using the conceptsof fuzzy bi-topological space. We further define some basic properties of N-fuzzy bi-topologicalspaces, secondly we study the concepts of natural separation axioms of bi-topological in N-fuzzybi-topological space which is pair wise separation Axioms mixed topology with the help of twoN-fuzzy topologies of a N-fuzzy bi-topological space. Relation between such pairwise separationaxioms and natural fuzzy separation axioms of the mixed fuzzy topological space are investigated.&nbsp

In this article, we introduce binary soft pre-separation axioms inbinary soft topological space along with several properties of binary soft pre, i = 0; 1; 2, binary soft pre regular,binary soft pre, binary soft pre normal andbinary soft axiom using binary soft points. We alsomention some binary soft invariance properties namely binary soft topologicalproperty and binary soft hereditary property. We hope that these results willbe useful for the future study on binary soft topology to carry out generalbackground for the practical applications and to solve the thorny problemscontaining doubts in different grounds.

A well-insulated LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) tank is a key facility in a regasification terminal. The management of Boil off Gas (BOG) produced from a LNG storage tank due to heat leak from the surrounding is an important issue. Many small-scale experimental studies have been reported on evaporation-condensation of different volatile liquids. However, these studies cannot mimic the behaviour of an industrial process. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is the preferred alternative to study boiling phenomena at a large scale. However, no such study exists for LNG. A comprehensive dynamic CFD model presented in this study for an onshore full-scale LNG storage tank is a maiden attempt to fill that gap. We carry out a thorough investigation of internal flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics owing to free convection. Our work provides insights on the boiling phenomena and allows reliable quantification of BOG production.