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Due to the higher attrition rate in higher education institutions (HEIs), the attraction and retention of top talents in higher education have become a challenge for human resource (HR) professionals. The primary area of discussion among business executives and HR professionals is how top talent can be retained and maintained. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human resource management practises (HRMPs), oraganisational reputation (OGR), occupational prestige (OPP) and work–life balance (WLB) on turnover intention (TOI) of the academics working in HEIs. The study also aims to examine WLB as a mediator and job opportunity (JBO) as a moderator of the relationships mentioned above. Data collected through an online survey from 466 respondents were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling. The findings of the study showed that OGR, OPP and WLB were negatively related to TOI. However, the impact of HRMPs on TOI was not direct; instead, it was mediated by WLB. The findings also demonstrated that WLB significantly mediated the relationship between OGR and OPP. Furthermore, the results also confirmed that JBO significantly moderated the relationship between WLB and TOI. The findings of the study provide guidelines for a comprehensive retention strategy and a holistic model of academics TOI that can assist HR professionals, policymakers and management in developing an effective strategic recruitment and retention plan.

Summary: Background: We aimed to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and phenotypic parameters of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from March 2020 to December 2021. Data on various epidemiological and clinical variables were collected using Case Report Forms (CRFs) adapted from the WHO COVID-19 clinical data platform at baseline and at monthly follow-ups for 3 months. Findings: A total of 1090 children were included. The median age was 5 years (Interquartile range 1–10), and the majority presented due to new signs/symptoms associated with COVID-19 (57.8%; n = 631), the most common being general and respiratory symptoms. Comorbidities were present in 417 (38.3%) children. Acute COVID-19 alone was found in 932 (85.5%) children, 81 (7.4%) had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), 77 (7.0%) had overlapping features of acute COVID-19 and MIS-C, and severe disease was found in 775/1086 (71.4%). Steroids were given to 351 (32.2%) patients while 77 (7.1%) children received intravenous immunoglobulins. Intensive care unit (ICU) care was required in 334 (31.6%) patients, and 203 (18.3%) deaths were reported during the study period. The largest spike in cases and mortality was from July to September 2021 when the Delta variant first emerged. During the first and second follow-ups, 37 and 10 children expired respectively, and medical care after discharge was required in 204 (25.4%), 94 (16.6%), and 70 (13.7%) children respectively during each monthly follow-up. Interpretation: Our study highlights that acute COVID-19 was the major phenotype associated with high severity and mortality in children in Pakistan in contrast to what has been observed globally. Funding: The study was supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which was involved in the study design but played no role in its analysis, writeup, or publication.

Background: The world's main crop for producing staple foods is wheat. In South Asia's cotton-wheat cropping system, however, a late cotton harvest causes a delayed wheat planting, which causes significant production losses. Therefore, this study investigated genetic diversity among wheat genotypes for late sowing. Additionally, associations between several yield-related parameters were discovered, along with their direct and indirect implications on the choice of the best genotypes suitable for late planting. Methods: Twenty wheat genotypes/advance lines were evaluated under two sowing times, i.e., normal sowing and late sowing for two consecutive years (2019–2021). Data regarding post anthesis traits were collected. Results: The findings showed that planting dates and genotypes substantially (p

Identifying the appropriate stakeholder is an integral part of the requirements engineering process and the primary factor influencing system success. The E-learning system is a significant platform with a variety of stakeholders that must be identified. After the launch of the E-learning system, issues such as identifying stakeholders arise and threaten the system's continuity. Moreover, the use of non-scientific and incompatible methods for identifying stakeholders, as well as the limitations of some of these methods, are among other issues that are highlighted in this research. This study investigates the issue of Stakeholder Identification (SI) in the E-learning system and identifies the most influential factors influencing this significant issue. By conducting a comprehensive literature review and employing qualitative data collection and analysis, these factors are addressed. There were 35 survey questionnaires were distributed to experts, analysts, and developers in the field of the E-learning system in Malaysia in 2022 to collect the data. The results reported in this paper demonstrated that there are difficulties in defining the actual stakeholders, as well as a lack of knowledge in employing the appropriate techniques to identify them, which were then analysed and compared to generate the list of factors. The factors identified in this paper help industries understand how critical it is to identify the actual stakeholders of an E-learning system at an early stage. Therefore, industries should be able to develop stable and reliable E-learning systems. This research provides several contributions, including crucial theoretical and practical insights into how E-learning systems are used and adopted. Contributes to the current literature by outlining the key obstacles caused by SI concerns. Identify the most significant components of SI issues, i.e., information quality, time and cost, system utility, and technology. Finally, this paper provides important recommendations for academics, developers, and regulators, allowing them to better understand the critical factors of effective E-learning system implementation.

Stirling engines represent a category of external heat transfer engines that demonstrate versatility by harnessing various heat sources, including solar energy, bio-mass, conventional fuel, and nuclear power. Achieving high thermal efficiency in power production has been a paramount concern driving researchers across the globe to focus on developing Stirling engines. A gamma-type double-piston Stirling engine has been carefully selected for detailed analysis in this research endeavour. A polytropic model is employed in the investigation to gain deeper insights into the engine’s behaviour. The outcomes derived from the polytropic analysis are subsequently compared with a classical adiabatic analysis. Remarkably, the polytropic approach significantly outperforms the classical adiabatic analysis in enhancing the overall performance of the Stirling engine. The power and efficiency obtained from the ideal polytropic analysis were 90.30 W, which is very close to the ideal adiabatic and experimental efficiency. The results hold significant promise for advancing the efficiency and practical application of Stirling engines, reinforcing their position as a prominent contender in pursuing sustainable and highly efficient power generation technologies.

The applications of liquid crystals continue to expand. They include conventional and advanced liquid crystal displays, electrically controlled lenses, tunable optical elements such as filters, light shutters, waveplates, and spatial light modulators, smart windows and sensors, and reconfigurable antennas and microwave devices, to name a few. As a rule, liquid crystal devices are controlled by applying an external electric field. This field reorients liquid crystals in a desirable way, thus leading to the tunability of their physical properties. The electric-field-induced reorientation of liquid crystals can be affected by ions typically present in molecular liquid crystals. In the case of liquid crystal displays, ions in liquid crystals can lead to image sticking, a reduced voltage holding ratio, and altered electro-optical performance. Therefore, the development of efficient ways to better control ions in liquid crystal devices is of utmost importance to existing and future liquid crystal technologies. In this paper, we discuss how nanomaterials can affect the electrical properties of molecular liquid crystals. In general, nanomaterials in molecular liquid crystals can behave as ion-capturing objects or act as a source of ions. Ion-capturing nanomaterials in molecular liquid crystals can enhance their electrical resistivity. On the other hand, ion-releasing nanoparticles can lead to the opposite effect. By considering the competition between two nanoparticle-induced ionic processes, namely the ion capturing and ion releasing effects, the electrical resistivity of liquid crystals can be controlled in a desirable way.

In the foreseeable future, the depletion of finite fossil fuel reserves is a growing concern due to the increasing consumption of these resources by humans. Moreover, the emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel consumption contributes to global warming, resulting in significant harm to the Earth’s ecosystem. The Stirling engine (SE) offers an outstanding solution for harnessing various heat sources, including solar, nuclear, and fossil fuels, among others. It provides numerous advantages, such as high efficiency, a long lifespan, low noise levels, and minimal or no emissions. This study conducts a finite physical dimensions thermodynamic analysis (FPDT) on a gamma-type double-piston cylinder engine and compares the results with other isothermal models and experimental data. The current model’s results align closely with those of other thermodynamic models.

Generators and condensers are the two vital equipment items that determine the output of vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Arid weather conditions produce a significant reduction in the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle due to low condenser heat dissipation despite high generator temperatures. Although numerous studies on condenser cooling methods in vapor compression systems have been reported in the literature, solar-operated vapor absorption systems have not been studied. Limitations in generator temperatures of solar-operated vapor absorption systems necessitate a focused study in this area. This study makes the selection of the best choice for condenser cooling from among four different condenser cooling methods which have an impact on the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration system for effective cooling using solar energy. A solar vapor absorption refrigeration system working with low-grade heat using a compound parabolic collector is considered in this study. Analysis of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for cooling in arid weather conditions is carried out using different condenser cooling methods with Engineering Equation Solver. Initially, the model used in the study is compared with a similar study reported in the literature. Techniques considered are air, water, evaporative, and hybrid cooling techniques. The performance of the vapor absorption cooling system was analyzed using experimental values of a solar compound parabolic collector obtained from real-time measurements for simulating the model. Results show that water cooling can provide suitable condenser cooling and improve the coefficient of performance of the solar vapor absorption refrigeration system using the solar collector. The water-cooled condenser has 1.9%, 3.3%, and 2.1% higher COP when compared to air-cooled condensers for spring, summer, and autumn seasons respectively, whereas the water-cooled condenser cooling recorded 6%, 14%, and 8% higher COP relative to the evaporative cooling method. Cost comparison showed maximum cost for water-cooled condensers and minimum cost for hybrid-cooled condensers. The effect of each cooling method on the environment is discussed.

In developing countries, like Pakistan, the pursuit of urbanization and economic development disrupts the delicate ecosystem, resulting in additional biogeochemical emissions of heavy metals into the human habitat and posing significant health risks. The levels of these trace elements in humans remain unknown in areas at higher risk of pollution in Pakistan. In this investigation, selected trace metals including Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Arsenic (As) were examined in human hair, urine, and nail samples of different age groups from three major cities (Muzaffargarh, Multan, and Vehari) in Punjab province, Pakistan. The results revealed that the mean concentrations (ppm) of Cr (1.1) and Cu (9.1) in hair was highest in Muzaffargarh. In urine samples, the mean concentrations (μg/L) of Co (93), As (79), Cu (69), Cr (56), Ni (49), Cd (45), and Pb (35) were highest in the Multan region, while As (34) and Cr (26) were highest in Vehari. The mean concentrations (ppm) of Ni (9.2), Cr (5.6), and Pb (2.8), in nail samples were highest in Vehari; however, Multan had the highest Cu (28) concentration (ppm). In urine samples, the concentrations of all the studied metals were within permissible limits except for As (34 µg/L) and Cr (26 µg/L) in Vehari. However, in nail samples, the concentrations of Ni in Multan (8.1 ppm), Muzaffargarh (9 ppm), Vehari (9.2 ppm), and Cd (3.69 ppm) in Muzaffargarh exceeded permissible limits. Overall, the concentrations of metals in urine, nail, and hair samples were higher in adults (39–45 age group). Cr, Cu, and Ni revealed significantly higher concentrations of metals in hair and water in Multan, whereas As in water was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with urinary As in Multan, indicating that the exposure source was region-specific.

Awareness of the consequences of waste mismanagement has resulted in urban planners looking for effective disposal techniques with the added benefit of energy generation. The decision regarding an energy conversion technique to adopt on a community level is based on different technology assessment factors with maximum weightage on environmental effects. Gasification techniques in general and thermal gasification strategies in particular are appropriate methods when environmental impacts are to be minimized. Thermal gasification techniques have evolved with different configurations, syngas generation rates, and other advantages and disadvantages; hence, the selection of the right technique is essential, and establishing guidelines for decision-makers is necessary. The six different gasifiers considered in the present study were updraft gasifiers, downdraft gasifiers, cross-draft gasifiers, bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers, circulating fluidized bed gasifiers, and dual-bed fluidized bed gasifiers. The assessments performed in the present study are based on the attributes of the different techniques using the multi-criteria decision method. Multi-criteria decision analysis is an appropriate method proven to be an ideal procedure in these situations. Attribute values for gasifier performance, environmental effects, economic performance indices, and fuel requirements were determined from collected waste assessment data and published information. Analysis was performed for both recycling and non-recycling scenarios of waste utilization by applying different weight scenarios for the attributes. Results of the study indicate that downdraft gasifiers showed the best performance in terms of environmental effects under the recycling scenario, with 0.1% and 0.0125% by volume of carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and under the non-recycling scenario, with 0.125% and 0.02% by volume of carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Downdraft gasifiers had high overall rankings in performance when evaluated against different entropy weights for both scenarios. The results of the study can be applied to urban communities in different climatic regions as well as for different scales of operation.

Plants, being sessile, have developed complex signaling and response mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors. Recent investigations have revealed the significant contribution of phytohormones in enabling plants to endure unfavorable conditions. Among these phytohormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates (JAs), are of particular importance and are involved in diverse signal transduction pathways to regulate various physiological and molecular processes in plants, thus protecting plants from the lethal impacts of abiotic and biotic stressors. Jasmonic acid has emerged as a central player in plant defense against biotic stress and in alleviating multiple abiotic stressors in plants, such as drought, salinity, vernalization, and heavy metal exposure. Furthermore, as a growth regulator, JA operates in conjunction with other phytohormones through a complex signaling cascade to balance plant growth and development against stresses. Although studies have reported the intricate nature of JA as a biomolecular entity for the mitigation of abiotic stressors, their underlying mechanism and biosynthetic pathways remain poorly understood. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent progress made in understanding the biosynthesis of JA, elucidates the complexities of its signal transduction pathways, and emphasizes its pivotal role in mitigating abiotic and biotic stressors. Moreover, we also discuss current issues and future research directions for JAs in plant stress responses.

The Stirling engine, a type of external combustion engine utilizing a compressible fluid as its working medium, holds promise as a highly efficient device for converting heat into mechanical work at Carnot efficiency. This research conducts a detailed analysis, comparing the Hargreaves isothermal model and the Schmidt model specifically for the gamma-type Stirling engine. The study examines the impact of dead volume on the engine’s performance, revealing that the engine network is solely influenced by these volumes. Furthermore, it highlights the effectiveness of the Hargreaves model for the performance analysis of gamma-type Stirling engines.

The Stirling engine, invented in 1816, was initially lacking comprehensive scientific understanding, which only surfaced after a considerable 50-year period. In the present era, impressive strides have been made in enhancing the performance of Stirling engines by implementing thermodynamic cycles. Despite these advancements, there remains untapped potential for further improvements by applying soft computing methods. To address this, the focal point of this research paper centres around optimizing the Stirling engine, specifically focusing on a gamma-type double-piston Stirling engine and leveraging genetic algorithms to achieve the desired enhancements. The results from this analysis are meticulously compared with experimental data, validating the approach’s efficacy. Additionally, this paper explores the potential impact of utilizing cryogenic fluids as coolants on the Stirling engine’s performance.

Air pollution is greatly influenced by the emissions generated by automotive engines, making it a pressing concern. To address this issue, a considerable amount of research is currently devoted to recovering waste heat from these engines. A gamma-type Stirling engine has been meticulously chosen to achieve this specific objective. This study elucidates a new isothermal method that effectively analyses Stirling engines. A set of differential equations is proficiently solved by employing the powerful MATLAB R2020a software. Remarkably, the simulation results obtained from this computational approach closely align with the experimental data, indicating the accuracy and reliability of the methodology. Furthermore, this research delves into the feasibility of employing the Stirling engine as a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system, shedding light on its potential applications in various domains.

Nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent area of research in recent times, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via phyco-technology have gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. Nodularia haraviana, a unique and lesser-explored cyanobacterial strain, holds substantial promise as a novel candidate for synthesizing nanoparticles. This noticeable research gap underscores the novelty and untapped potential of Nodularia haraviana in applied nanotechnology. A range of analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectral analysis, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction, were used to investigate and characterize the AgNPs. Successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 428 nm. The crystalline size of AgNPs was 24.1 nm. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that silver oxide nanoparticles had 179.3 nm diameters and a negative surface charge of −18 mV. Comprehensive in vitro pharmacogenetic properties revealed that AgNPs have significant therapeutic potential. The antimicrobial properties of AgNPs were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against various microbial strains. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assays were performed on Leishmanial promastigotes (IC50: 18.71 μgmL−1), amastigotes (IC50: 38.6 μgmL−1), and brine shrimps (IC50: 134.1 μg mL−1) using various concentrations of AgNPs. The findings of this study revealed that AgNPs had significant antioxidant results (DPPH: 57.5%, TRP: 55.4%, TAC: 61%) and enzyme inhibition potential against protein kinase (ZOI: 17.11 mm) and alpha-amylase (25.3%). Furthermore, biocompatibility tests were performed against macrophages (IC50: >395 μg mL−1) and human RBCs (IC50: 2124 μg mL−1). This study showed that phyco-synthesized AgNPs were less toxic and could be used in multiple biological applications, including drug design and in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This study offers valuable insights and paves the way for further advancements in AgNPs research.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic complication and can pose a serious challenge to human health. DM is the main cause of many life-threatening diseases. Researchers of natural products have been continuously engaged in treating vital diseases in an economical and efficient way. In this research, we extensively used phytosteroids from Notholirion thomsonianum (Royle) Stapf for the treatment of DM. The structures of phytosteroids NtSt01 and NtSt02 were confirmed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Through in vitro studies including α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and DPPH assays, compound NtSt01 was found to be comparatively potent. An elevated dose of compound NtSt01 was also found to be safe in an experimental study on rats. With a dose of 1.0 mg/kg of NtSt01, the effect on blood glucose levels in rats was observed to be 519 ± 3.98, 413 ± 1.87, 325 ± 1.62, 219 ± 2.87, and 116 ± 1.33 mg/dL on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th, days, respectively. The in vivo results were compared with those of glibenclamide, which reduced the blood glucose level to 107 ± 2.33 mg/dL on the 28th day. On the 28th day of NtSt01 administration, the average weights of the rats and vital organs (liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart) remained healthy, with a slight increase. The biochemical parameters of the blood, i.e., serum creatinine, blood urea, serum bilirubin, SGPT (or ALT), and serum alkaline phosphatase, of rats treated with NtSt01 remained in the normal ranges. Similarly, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels also remained within the standard ranges. It is obvious from our overall results that the phytosteroids (specifically NtSt01) had an efficient therapeutic effect on the blood glucose level, protection of vital organs, and blood biochemistry.

Polymer composites are a class of material that are gaining a lot of attention in demanding tribological applications due to the ability of manipulating their performance by changing various factors, such as processing parameters, types of fillers, and operational parameters. Hence, a number of samples under different conditions need to be repeatedly produced and tested in order to satisfy the requirements of an application. However, with the advent of a new field of triboinformatics, which is a scientific discipline involving computer technology to collect, store, analyze, and evaluate tribological properties, we presently have access to a variety of high-end tools, such as various machine learning (ML) techniques, which can significantly aid in efficiently gauging the polymer’s characteristics without the need to invest time and money in a physical experimentation. The development of an accurate model specifically for predicting the properties of the composite would not only cheapen the process of product testing, but also bolster the production rates of a very strong polymer combination. Hence, in the current study, the performance of five different machine learning (ML) techniques is evaluated for accurately predicting the tribological properties of ultrahigh molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymer composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles. Three input parameters, namely, the applied pressure, holding time, and the concentration of SiCs, are considered with the specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF) as the two output parameters. The five techniques used are support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees (DTs), random forests (RFs), k-nearest neighbors (KNNs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Three evaluation statistical metrics, namely, the coefficient of determination (R2-value), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), are used to evaluate and compare the performances of the different ML techniques. Based upon the experimental dataset, the SVM technique was observed to yield the lowest error rates—with the RMSE being 2.09 × 10−4 and MAE being 2 × 10−4 for COF and for SWR, an RMSE of 2 × 10−4 and MAE of 1.6 × 10−4 were obtained—and highest R2-values of 0.9999 for COF and 0.9998 for SWR. The observed performance metrics shows the SVM as the most reliable technique in predicting the tribological properties—with an accuracy of 99.99% for COF and 99.98% for SWR—of the polymer composites.

Pembentukan kata baru sangat diperlukan sebagai upaya menyampaikan ilmu kebahasaan, terutama bagi pemelajar BIPA. Tujuannya agar pikiran atau gagasan manusia dapat disampaikan dan dipahami dengan baik. Untuk itu, perlu adanya pembentukan kata yang secara tata Bahasa dapat dilakukan melalui cabang morfologi yaitu afiksasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kesalahan afiksasi, mendeskripsikan jenis afiksasi, pengelompokan kelas kata yang mengalami afiksasi yang ada dalam karangan pemelajar BIPA. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Prosedur pengumpulan data dengan cara pengumpulan karangan, pembacaan karangan, penandaan, pengklasifikasian dengan tabel, dan pendeskripsian. Data penelitian ini diambil dari karangan pemelajar BIPA 4 di kelas daring BIPA 4 PPB UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta tahun 2020. Terdapat 24 karangan yang digunakan sebagai data dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketepatan penulisan afiksasi terbilang tinggi. Kemudian afiksasi yang paling sering digunakan yaitu berjenis prefiks me-. Dan kelas kata yang produktif yaitu kelas kata verba.

The aldose reductase (AR) enzyme is an important target enzyme in the development of therapeutics against hyperglycaemia induced health complications such as retinopathy, etc. In the present study, a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) evaluation of a dataset of 226 reported AR inhibitor (ARi) molecules is performed using a genetic algorithm – multi linear regression (GA-MLR) technique. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis furnished two five variables based QSAR models with acceptably high performance reflected in various statistical parameters such as, R2 = 0.79–0.80, Q2LOO = 0.78–0.79, Q2LMO = 0.78–0.79. The QSAR model analysis revealed some of the molecular features that play crucial role in deciding inhibitory potency of the molecule against AR such as; hydrophobic Nitrogen within 2 Å of the center of mass of the molecule, non-ring Carbon separated by three and four bonds from hydrogen bond donor atoms, number of sp2 hybridized Oxygen separated by four bonds from sp2 hybridized Carbon atoms, etc. 14 in silico generated hits, using a compound 18 (a most potent ARi from present dataset with pIC50 = 8.04 M) as a template, on QSAR based virtual screening (QSAR-VS) furnished a scaffold 5 with better ARi activity (pIC50 = 8.05 M) than template compound 18. Furthermore, molecular docking of compound 18 (Docking Score = –7.91 kcal/mol) and scaffold 5 (Docking Score = –8.08 kcal/mol) against AR, divulged that they both occupy the specific pocket(s) in AR receptor binding sites through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) and MMGBSA studies right back the docking results by revealing the fact that binding site residues interact with scaffold 5 and compound 18 to produce a stable complex similar to co-crystallized ligand's conformation. The QSAR analysis, molecular docking, and MDS results are all in agreement and complementary. QSAR-VS successfully identified a more potent novel ARi and can be used in the development of therapeutic agents to treat diabetes.

Abstract Aim The study was planned to investigate the phytochemicals, antidiabetic and antioxidant studies of A. consanguineum. Methods The preliminary studies were performed on crude extract and different solvent fractions. Based on the potency, the chloroform fraction was semi-purified to phyto-fractions CHF-1 – 5. Furthermore, CHF-3 was subjected to isolation of pure compounds using column chromatography. The α-glucosidase, α-amylase and antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2) were performed on all samples. The in-vivo experiments on compounds 1 and 2 were also performed using oral glucose tolerance test. Docking studies were performed on α-glucosidase and α-amylase targets. Results Among all fractions, the chloroform fraction exhibited excellent activities profile giving IC50 values of 824, 55, 117, 58 and 85 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 targets respectively. Among the five semi-purified chloroform phyto-fractions (CHF-1-5), CHF-3 was the leading fraction in activities giving IC50 values of 85.54, 61.19 and 26.58 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Based on the overall potency and physical amount of CHF-3, it was subjected to purification to get compounds 1 and 2. The two compounds were also found potent in in-vitro activities. The observed IC50 values for compound 1 were 7.93, 28.01 and 6.19 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Similarly, the compound 2 exhibited IC50 of 14.63, 24.82 and 7.654 μg/ml against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPPH respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were potent in decreasing the blood glucose levels in experimental animals. Compounds 1 and 2 also showed interactions with the respective enzymes with molecular docking. Conclusions We can conclude that A. Consanguineum is a rich source of natural antidiabetic agents. Bioguided isolation of compound 1 and 2 showed potential inhibitions in all tested in-vitro antidiabetic targets. Further, both the compounds were also able to decrease the blood glucose levels in experimental animals.

Fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) have key role in many physical, chemical, biological and economic problems. Different numerical techniques have been adopted to deal the multi-term FPDEs. In this article, the meshfree numerical scheme, Radial basis function (RBF) is discussed for some time-space fractional PDEs. The meshfree RBF method base on the Gaussian function and is used to test the numerical results of the time-space fractional PDE problems. Riesz fractional derivative and Grünwald-Letnikov fractional derivative techniques are used to deal the space fractional derivative terms while the time-fractional derivatives are iterated by Caputo derivative method. The accuracy of the suggested scheme is analyzed by using $ L_\infty $-norm. Stability and convergence analysis are also discussed.

This study aimed to compare the ferning score based on the pH of the cervical mucus and its relation with gestation and the calf gender of cows. Ten Holstein Friesian crossbreed cows which were detected in estrus and about to be artificially inseminated, were used for this study. Sample of cervical mucus was collected using Metricheck for pH and ferning observations. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted two months after insemination, and the gender of the calves was recorded at parturition. This study indicated that cervical mucus pH did not affect the ferning characteristics, ferning score, and pregnancy of cows. However, higher ferning scores tended to result in the pregnancy of cows. Also, alkaline pH tended to result in male calves and vice versa. Further study is needed with a more significant number of samples related to the application of ferning display as an indicator of estrus to obtain a higher pregnancy rate.

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. The contribution of domestic production only reaches about 23% of the total national milk consumption needs as a source of human nutrition. This study was aimed to identify the relationship between cow's parity and age to services per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), and gestation length (GL) of Holstein Friesian (HF) cross dairy cows. Data of this study consisted of primary data obtained from farmers interview, and secondary data from the Cooperative Unit of Argopuro village, Krucil, Probolinggo. Sample size was 200 cows, which was 10% of the total population. Data were analyzed for correlation and linear regression using the Statistic Package and Service Solution (SPSS) software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA) at a 95% confidence level. The average S/C, CR, and GL were 2.55 ± 1.57, 21%, and 278.19 ± 11.92 days, respectively. There was no significant correlation (p >0.05) between the parity with S/C, CR, and GL and the age with CR and GL. The only significant correlation (p

Abstract Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm-1 existed in all with variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization for ethnopharmacological effects.

Abstract Rampant rise of multidrug resistant strains among Gram-negative bacteria has necessitated investigation of alternative antimicrobial agents with novel modes of action including antimicrobial proteins such as bacteriocins. The main hurdle in the clinical development of bacteriocin biologics is their narrow specificity and limited strain activity spectrum. Genome mining of bacteria for broadly active bacteriocins have identified a number of promising candidates but attempts to improve these natural multidomain proteins further, for example by combining domains of different origin, have so far met with limited success. We have found that domain swapping of Pseudomonas bacteriocins of porin type, when carried out between phylogenetically related molecules with similar mechanism of activity, allows the generation of highly active molecules with broader spectrum of activity, for example by abolishing strain resistance due to the presence of immunity proteins. The most broadly active chimera engineered in this study, S5-PmnH, exhibits excellent control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in validated murine keratitis and lung infection models.

A combination of mineral nutrients and plant growth regulators should be assessed to improve crop performance under various abiotic stresses. There is a need to include plant growth regulators in fertilization regime of various crops along with essential mineral nutrients, especially when they are irrigated with polluted water with higher levels of heavy metals. The performance of pea was evaluated under cadmium (Cd) stress coupled with potassium (K) and jasmonic acid (JA) supplementation. The Cd stress (50 μM) was applied to soil (sandy loam) grown pea plants as basal dose after a month of sowing. The control and stressed plants were then supplemented with K (5 M), JA (0.5 mM) and their collective application along with control as distilled water. Cd stress showed a marked reduction in growth pattern, however, the collective supplementation sufficiently improved the growth pattern of stressed peas plants as evidenced by improvement in shoot length (cm), root length (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf area (cm2), plant fresh and dry weight (gm). Potassium application under Cd stress significantly enhanced internodal distance (cm) while the number of seeds per pod and relative water contents remained nonsignificant. The applied treatment (JA + K) under Cd stress prominently improved enzymatic activities, which were measured as nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Cd stress impacted the biochemical profile by enhancing antioxidant capacity (AC), antioxidant activity (AA), total phenols (TP), while reducing total soluble protein (TSP), chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoids. The combined application of JA and K under Cd stress enhanced AC, AA, TP, Chl a and b, TSP and carotenoids. The results indicate that foliar application of JA and K efficiently negated the harmful effects of Cd stress on peas.

The primary aim of this paper is to define new concepts, A homogenous system of difference equations is called -semi homogenous of order if there exists a non-zero matrix

Abstract Objective This systematic review aimed to evaluate the performance of echocardiography‐based programming in comparison with the intracardiac electrocardiogram (IEGM)‐based method for the optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods A literature review was conducted using digital databases to systematically identify the studies reporting CRT optimization through echocardiography compared with IEGM. Detailed patient‐level study characteristics including the type of study, sample size, therapy, the New York Heart Classification (NYHA) status, lead placement, and other parameters were abstracted. Finally, postprogramming outcomes were extracted for each article. Results In a total of 11 studies, 919 patients were recruited for the final analysis. Overall, 692 (75.29%) were males. The mean duration of the QRS complex in our study population ranged from 145.2 ± 21.8 ms to 183 ± 19.9 ms. There was an equal improvement in the NYHA class between the two methods while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) demonstrated an improvement by IEGM. Many studies supported IEGM to increase the 6‐minute walk test and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time interval (LVOT VTI) when compared to echocardiography. The mean time for echocardiography‐based optimization was 60.15 min while that of IEGM‐based optimization was 6.65 min. Conclusion IEGM is an alternative method for CRT optimization in improving the NYHA class, LVEF, and LVOT VTI, and is less time‐consuming when compared to the echocardiography‐based methods.

Ureteral strictures constitute one of the most common sequelae of impacted ureteral stones. Uretero-ileal substitution is an established treatment for long benign ureteral strictures, measuring more than 2 cm, which are incurable by other less invasive treatment options. One of the common drawbacks of this procedure is its extensive nature and the urine reflux into the newly constructed ileal segment, resulting in urine stagnation and precipitation of urinary tract infections.We report a case of a minimally invasive laparoscopic uretero-ileal substitution for a long mid ureteral stricture, utilizing the natural anti-reflux mechanism.

Energy consumption prediction has always remained a concern for researchers because of the rapid growth of the human population and customers joining smart grids network for smart home facilities. Recently, the spread of COVID-19 has dramatically increased energy consumption in the residential sector. Hence, it is essential to produce energy per the residential customers' requirements, improve economic efficiency, and reduce production costs. The previously published papers in the literature have considered the overall energy consumption prediction, making it difficult for production companies to produce energy per customers' future demand. Using the proposed study, production companies can accurately have energy per their customers' needs by forecasting future energy consumption demands.Scientists and researchers are trying to minimize energy consumption by applying different optimization and prediction techniques; hence this study proposed a daily, weekly, and monthly energy consumption prediction model using Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT). This study relies on a TFT model for energy forecasting, which considers both primary and valuable data sources and batch training techniques. The model's performance has been related to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), LSTM interpretable, and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) models. The model's performance has remained better than the other algorithms, with mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.09, 2.02, and 1.50. Further, the overall symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE) of LSTM, LSTM interpretable, TCN, and proposed TFT remained at 29.78%, 31.10%, 36.42%, and 26.46%, respectively. The sMAPE of the TFT has proved that the model has performed better than the other deep learning models.

The enrichment with low amount of bioactive protein of spray-dried edible bird’s nest hydrolysates (EBNH) (3.0 %) in view of its cost and high solubility provided significant value added to the overall in vitro antioxidant capacity of soy-based powder drink mix (PDM). Its beverage (12.5 % concentration, consistency index 0.39 Pa.sn) antioxidant capacity as measured by ABTS and FRAP was comparable (p > 0.05) but significantly higher than antioxidant assays of FCR and DPPH. The respective antioxidant capacity of the PDM beverage in terms of trolox equivalent (TE) and gallic acid equivalent (GAE) were 21.95 TE mg/g, 20.75 TE mg/g, 2.93 TE mg/g and 14.72 GAE mg/g for FRAP, ABTS, DPPH and FCR. Depending on antioxidant assay, EBNH in beverage of PDM contributed an increase in the range of 3.7–9.3 % (which was significant (p

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial and most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative ailment. Its multifactorial and complex nature causes the lack of disease modifying drugs. Hence, multi-target drug design strategies have been adopted to halt the progression of AD. In current research, we applied multitarget strategy to tackle multifactorial nature of AD. Rational design and synthesis of framework of hybrids containing Pyrimidine/pyrrolidine-sertraline scaffolds were carried out. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their in-vitro enzyme inhibition potential against cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1). Compound 19 emerged as an optimal multipotent hybrid with IC50 values of 0.07 µM, 0.09 µM, 0.63 µM, 0.21 µM and 0.73 µM against AChE, BChE, MAO-A, MAO-B and BACE-1 respectively. After in-vivo cytotoxicity and in-vitro PAMPA blood brain barrier permeation assays, a number of widely used behavioral assessment tests were also performed for the evaluation of memory and learning.Determination of biochemical parameters showed low levels of acetylcholinesterase by the treatment with synthesized compounds. Furthermore, levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline were also analyzed. Increased neurotransmitter levels showed the improved short and long-term memory as well as enhanced learning behavior. Docking studies on the target enzymes showed correlation with the experimental in-vitro enzyme inhibition results.

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome (EVC) is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutations in two genes, EVC1 and EVC2 in the 4p16 chromosome. The exact prevalence of EVC is unknown and is estimated at approximately seven per million. It affects males and females equally. It is a constellation of four findings, including chondrodysplasia, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and congenital heart defects. Our case was unique as it had left inguinal hernia, short phallus, hyperpigmented scrotum, cryptorchidism, and other defining features of this syndrome. A multidisciplinary team managed this patient with regular follow up. Only six cases have been reported in Pakistan, and only one of them was reported in a neonate. This report highlights the importance of timely and proper multidisciplinary management of such disorders for better outcomes. It will also create awareness among medical professionals and will help them to identify promptly.

In this study, the newly synthesized compound (Succ-5) was analyzed through spectral methods, seen for potential receptor targets via molecular docking, and pre-clinically evaluated for therapeutic effects and safety profile using biochemical and histopathological techniques. The biochemical analysis included assessment of cardiac biomarkers, hepatic enzymes, and lipid profiles, while histopathology included evaluation of cardiac and liver tissues. The toxic dose was determined pre-clinically, followed by dividing albino rats into five treatment groups (each having n = 6). The control group received oral saline for eight days. The 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) group received oral saline for 8 days and 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. The atenolol group was administered with atenolol (20 mg/kg) for 8 days and 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. Two groups of rats were administered with the test compound (Succ-5) at doses of 5 mg/kg I.P and 10 mg/kg I.P (for 8-days), followed by 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. Elevated serum levels of CK-MB (creatinine kinase myocardial band), cTnI (troponin I), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), lipid profile, and selected liver enzymes including ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), BT (bilirubin total) and BD (direct bilirubin) were associated with 5-FU toxicity. After administration of the test compound at the mentioned doses, these biomarkers significantly decreased. Likewise, histological examination revealed 5-FU damaged the heart and hepatic tissues, which were also considerably recovered following administration of the test compound. Immunohistochemistry of heart tissue also revealed the low expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in Succ-5 treated groups compared to toxic group. Dose-response evaluation showed that a dose of 10 mg/kg provided better results than 5 mg/kg. The analysis of binding energy values computed via docking simulations showed that Succ-5 interacts with the human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor with a slightly stronger affinity than calcium channel T-type. In conclusion, the histological and biochemical findings revealed that the test compound had significant cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipolytic effects in the 5-FU-induced toxicity.

Q fever is a zoonotic infection caused by the organism Coxiella burnetii. It is transmitted by contracting the organism from it is most known reservoirs which include cattle, sheep, and goats. It is an endemic disease with very few cases reported in the Arabian Peninsula. It can present with a wide range of clinical presentations; however, the neurological manifestation of Q fever is rare and overlooked hence we present a case report of a 38-year-old man who presented with fever, headache, and jerky movements. He had a significant exposure to livestock animals mainly goats and sheep. The work up was negative apart from positive Coxiella burnetii serology and serum PCR suggestive of acute Q fever. He had shown remarkable improvement after a course of antimicrobial therapy with complete resolution of fever and neurological symptoms. Our case report highlights the importance considering Q fever as a cause of unusual neurological symptoms in Q fever endemic areas and patients with a significant zoonotic exposure.

BackgroundThe prevalence of stunting in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province is relatively high. Studies reveal various household, parental, and child factors are associated with stunting. This paper aimed to determine the determinants of stunting among children under five in South and West Sulawesi Province using the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey.MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis using the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Surveys. The unit of analysis was children under five years, and the study obtained 3641 and 4423 children in South Sulawesi Province from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey, respectively, and 804 and 1059 children from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey in West Sulawesi Province, respectively. The multivariable poisson regression model was conducted to determine the determinants of stunting.ResultsThe results showed that the mean age of children in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province was 31.1 months and 30.8 months, respectively, on 2013 survey compare to 29.6 months and 29.1 months on the 2018 survey. The determinants of stunting in children under five in South Sulawesi Province in 2013 survey were household with two children under five (APR:1.24; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3; p-value = 0.006), maternal BMI (APR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.03-1.1; p-value = ConclusionsThe determinants of stunting in children under five in South Sulawesi Province are number of children under five in the household, maternal education, maternal weight, maternal height, maternal BMI, child's age, and birthweight. Meanwhile, the determinants of stunting in children under five in West Sulawesi were wealth, maternal education, maternal weight, maternal BMI,, child's age, child's sex, and history of acute respiratory infection. Hence, intervention on household and child levels as well as maternal sociodemographic factors need to be addressed.

In estimation theory, the use of auxiliary information significantly improves precision while estimating population parameters. In this paper, an efficient class of ratio cum median estimators of the population median is suggested using simple random sampling without replacement. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed class are derived theoretically. The condition for the asymptotic optimum estimator is obtained with its bias and mean square error expressions. Under certain realistic conditions, the asymptotic optimum estimator is more proficient, based on analytical and numerical comparisons with some existing estimators that are members of the suggested class of estimators. The superiority of the proposed ratio cum median estimators is shown through real data applications. Such a new proposed estimator will be useful in the future for data analysis and making decisions.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), a technology that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, have been regarded as the most suitable method for sustainable energy production. However, most MFCs generate a low power output, limiting their large-scale industrial applications. Here, we introduce a high-performancesingle-chambered microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) based on carbon fiber anode and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP)-fabricated copper cathode. Furthermore, best optimized conditions of temperature, pH, substrate, external resistance, and cathode fabrication were also considered to evaluate the performance of this SCMFC in treating potato wastewater along with bioenergy production. Results indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be effectively removed (80%) and maximum voltage, current density, and power density were 1.58 V, 0.235 mA/cm2, and 0.3714 mW/cm2, respectively. Hence, the SCMFC used in this study has a higher potential to treat potato wastewater along with high power production.

Various derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (C1–C5) were designed and synthesized by chemical reaction with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde using Knoevenagel reaction conditions which results in the reduction of nitro group to amine and further modification results in target compounds. The chemical structures of all the 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives have been elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These compounds were further characterized by in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies. The pharmacokinetic properties were assessed by SwissADME software. The in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) assessment reveals that all derivatives (C1 to C5) have 5 to 7 rotatable bonds. Lipophilicity and water solubility showed that C1, C2, and C4 are water soluble except for C3 and C5 which are moderately soluble. All the compounds have high GI absorption except C3. None of the derivatives are blood-brain barrier permeant. Drug metabolism of TZDs derivatives showed that C3 was identified as an inhibitor of CYP2C9 and C5 as an inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Drug likeness properties indicate that C1 has only one violation of the Ghose rule while C3 has violations in the Ghose and Egan rules. The in silico pharmacokinetic studies revealed high GI absorption and the inability to pass blood-brain barrier which can be further assessed by in vitro and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. This study will contribute to providing TZDs derivatives with an improved pharmacokinetic profile and decreased toxicity.

Hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus usually develops in liver and lungs of the affected individual and is considered a common health problem in endemic regions. Although, the cyst can be found in less common locations, such as brain, heart, and bones, the urinary bladder is extremely rare that may mimic malignancy radiologically and creates a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians and radiologists. Here we present a unique case of hydatid cyst in the urinary bladder with associated eosinophilic cystitis.

Load Flow and Short Circuit Analyses have been performed on standard IEEE 9-Bus System. This paper is going to describe in detail how these analyses were performed and what were the results achieved. In addition to the performance of these two analyses on the standard test system, they were also performed by removing a voltage- controlled generator from the test system. It is revealed that by removal of a generator, the magnitude of short- circuit fault current in a system would reduce as compared to the case where all generators were present in the system

IntroductionAppropriate health-seeking beliefs and practices are indispensable for the survival and development of children. In this study, we explore childcare beliefs and practices of rural mothers and analyze the different ways childhood illness is diagnosed and managed in a marginalized rural community in Southern Pakistan.MethodsUsing purposive sampling, in-depth interviews are conducted to obtain qualitative data from 20 illiterate and rural mothers in addition to 15 healthcare providers in the district Rajanpur of South Punjab.Results and discussionThe findings reveal that rural mothers' access to healthcare and therapeutic programs is impeded due to geographical isolation, structural inequalities, poverty, and illiteracy. Consequently, evil eyes, witchcraft, and spirits are recognized as potential threats to children's health and nutrition. Therefore, the treatment of childhood morbidity and malnutrition is mostly performed with folk, domestic, herbal, magico-religious remedies, and spiritual healing methods. The current study also highlights that many low-income and rural mothers tend to normalize childhood illness when they become unable to advocate for their children's health and nutrition. Besides improving low-income mothers' access to healthcare facilities, health education and risk communication at the field level through field health staff could be most effective for health promotion.

Hypertension and high body-mass index have increased as risk factors to global burden of diseases. Young adults are predisposed to obesity and overweight during the passage from adolescence to adulthood. This study aims to determine association between BMI & BRI with blood pressure in young adults. In our study Body Mass Index, as well as Body Roundedness Index shows a strong positive correlation with SBP, DBP & MAP in male and female participants which is statistically significant.

Abstract A design technique to include multiple and fully‐controlled transmission zeros (TZs) in the frequency response of rectangular waveguide commensurate‐line stepped‐impedance filters is presented in this letter. These bandpass filters (BPFs) are known for having reduced sensitivities against manufacturing inaccuracies and are composed of multiple waveguide sections. In order to improve their selectivity, 3λg/4 and λg/4‐stubs are included to create multiple TZs around the passband. The proposed technique allows us to add multiple stubs in a single section and, therefore, only minor adjustments in the affected part of the filter are required, which simplifies the overall design process. The technique has been verified with a design example with four TZs (two on each side) near the passband.

Background: Piriformis syndrome is disorder which is neuromuscular, caused by sciatic nerve compression and lead to compromised Hip functions. This problem, as well as the management for the restoration of hip functions need to addressed. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of passive mobilization versus self-mobilization in managing pain and improving quality of life in patients with Piriformis syndrome. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Imran Idrees Hospital Sialkot from April to October 2019. The simple random sampling was used to collect n=30 subjects with pain in the gluteal region from more than 2 months, both genders in age of 30-50 years were included. The Passive Sciatic Mobilization was given in one group, while other group was only taught the self-mobilization of the sciatic nerve along with home planThe Visual analogue scale and hip outcomes were measured at baseline, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week using International Hip Outcome Tool (IHOT) Repeated measurement ANOVA for within-group and independent-sample t-test between groups were used. The level of significance was set at 95% (p

Public relation is an important part of marketing activities that involves assessing or perceiving the general public’s attitudes and views, as well as general and specific consumers (segments), toward a company’s or product’s activities and brand policies, and then carrying out the necessary activities to create a positive image. This goal can be achieved by using suitable media to complete customer satisfaction so that skills in utilizing social media are the main thing that public relations must do. This study aims to determine the ability to use social media by entrepreneurs such as university graduates when they start working. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study is Indonesian entrepreneurs. A survey of 396 entrepreneurs was chosen as the method. The findings show that public relations and customer service are the most sought-after social media skills among university graduates, ahead of knowledge of social media content creation, strategy development, and analytics. Keywords: Social media skill, public relations, customer service, employers ABSTRAK Humas adalah bagian penting dari kegiatan pemasaran yang melibatkan penilaian atau persepsi sikap dan pandangan masyarakat umum, serta konsumen (segmen) umum dan khusus, terhadap kegiatan perusahaan atau produk dan kebijakan merek, dan kemudian melakukan kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk menciptakan citra positif. Tujuan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan media yang sesuai untuk melengkapi kepuasan pelanggan sehingga keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan media sosial menjadi hal utama yang harus dilakukan oleh humas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan penggunaan media sosial oleh para pengusaha seperti lulusan universitas ketika mereka mulai bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengusaha Indonesia. Sebuah survei terhadap 396 pengusaha dipilih sebagai metode. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hubungan masyarakat dan layanan pelanggan adalah keterampilan media sosial yang paling dicari di kalangan lulusan universitas, di atas pengetahuan tentang pembuatan konten media sosial, pengembangan strategi, dan analitik. Kata Kunci: Keterampilan media sosial, hubungan masyarakat, pelayanan pelanggan, pengusaha

Agronomic biofortification with zinc (Zn) may be engaged to improve the nutritious value of food crops along-with tolerance to water deficit conditions. The Zn may increase plant resistance to water stress by boosting physiological and enzymatic antioxidants defense mechanisms. Major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar applied Zn on grain zin biofortification and drought tolerance in wheat. Treatments include application of Zinc at terminal growth phases (BBCH growth stage 49 and BBCH growth stage 65) with five levels: 0 (control-ck), water spray, 5, 10 and 15 mM under two levels of water regimes; well-watered (where 80% water holding capacity (WHC) was maintained in the soil) and water stress, (where 40% WHC was maintained in the soil). Results revealed that water stress significantly reduced relative water contents, gas exchange attributes, plant height, yield and yield related attributes of wheat. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide, free proline levels, activities of malondialdehyde, and concentration of soluble protein were markedly increased under water stress condition. Application of various levels of Zn significantly improved the CAT, SOD, POD and ASP activities at 40% WHC compared with control treatment. Foliarly applied 10 and 15 mM Zn predominantly reduced the damaging impact of water stress by improving the plant status in the form of plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributes. Likewise, wheat plant treated with 10 mM Zn under water stress condition increased the grain yield by improving number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and biological yield compared with control. Moreover, increasing Zn levels also increased Zn concentration in grains and leaves. Overall, this study suggests that optimum level of Zn (10 mM) might be promising for alleviating the adverse impacts of water stress and enhance the grain biofortification in wheat.