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Small-angle X-ray scattering is used to probe the solution behavior of two similar electron donor polymers. Differences in aggregate crystallinity are observed upon cooling for the two polymers which is then correlated with the film morphology.

Text-mining inspired study on halide double perovskite formation using in situ structural and optical probes.

Introduction There is a noticeable increase in the incidence of acute invasive fungal sinusitis which coincides with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. It is a potentially-lethal fungal infection, with the most common form being the rhino-orbito-cerebral presentation. Objectives The aim of the present study is to discuss the different epidemiological factors, risk factors, clinical presentations and outcomes of acute invasive fungal sinusitis which is noticeably related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Methods The present cross-sectional cohort study included 22 adult patients who presented with Covid-19-related acute invasive fungal sinusitis. The diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis was confirmed by histopathological biopsy. All data, including demographics, risk factors, clinical findings, different lines of treatment and their outcomes, were recorded and analyzed. Results All patients had diabetes mellitus (100%), and 17 (77.3%) had been submitted to systemic steroids. All patients (100%) had unilateral sinonasal disease. Proptosis was found in 15 patients (68.2%), ophthalmoplegia was observed in 12 patients (54.5%), and intracranial affection occurred in 10 patients (45.5%). A total of 20 patients (90.9%) received liposomal amphotericin B. Surgical debridement was performed in 18 patients (45.5%). Non-septated mycelia was present in 19 biopsies (86.4%), while 3 (13.6%)showed septated mycelia. Total improvement was achieved in 10 patients (45.5%), while the mortality rate was of 27.3% (6 out of 22 participants). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus is the most common preexisting medical condition associated with Covid-19-related acute invasive fungal sinusitis. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is considered a predisposing factor. It is necessary to raise the level of awareness to diagnose this condition, especially in patients with Covid-19 infection or those who have recently recovered from it.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous immunologically mediated condition that has a great adverse effect on oral functions.Corticosteroids are still the first drugs of choice used in the treatment of OLP, however, they have extensive medical side effects. The present study was carried out to assess the clinical therapeutic effect of topical use of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10 or ubiquinol) versus topical corticosteroids in the management of symptomatic OLP and to determine whether the effect, if any, was due to the powerful antioxidant activity of coQ10. Subjects and Methods: We performed a randomized, double blinded controlled trial at the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. The study was conducted on 34 patients suffering from symptomatic OLP. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, intervention group (I), who received topical CoQ10 in the form of mucoadhesive tablets (40% CoQ10) 3 times daily for one month and control group (II), who received topical corticosteroid (kenacort in Orabase: triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% 5 gram adhesive paste – dermapharm), 4 times daily for one month. Patients were evaluated at one-week intervals using the clinical parameters (score) of pain (VAS) and lesion size. Additionally, salivary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed in both groups before and after treatment using ELISA. All recorded data wereanalysed using independent t test, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for lesion size and salivary level of MDA data and Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test for VAS data. Results: Both groups showed a significant reduction in pain and size of the lesions (p ≤ 0.05) with no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05) and this clinical improvement was associated with a reduction in the salivary levels of MDA in both groups. Conclusions: The topical use of CoQ10 mucoadhesive tablets was as effective as the topical use of triamcinolone acetonide, and its clinical effect was associated with reduction in the salivary level of MDA. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04091698) and registration date: 17/9/2019.

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a rare developmental illness caused by a ductal plate malformation, often known as ciliopathy or fibrocystic liver disease. Hepatosplenomegaly and portal hypertension are two symptoms. The disease affects 1/10000–20000 people. frequently associated with a variety of illnesses caused by genetic abnormalities, such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and Caroli syndrome. There hasn't been a way to stop or reverse the progression of congenital hepatic fibrosis until now. Clinical trials of anti-fibrotic medicines such as colchicine, interferon gamma, angiotensin II receptor blockers, pirfenidone, and ursodeoxycholic acid found no significant benefit. The only known cure for CHF is liver transplantation, which is recommended when the condition has progressed to the point when symptoms of liver failure have appeared. In this article we will be making overview of the disease. It’s symptoms and diagnosis, different treatment method, and we will compare some of the articles published about the disease.

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the most common kind of post-infectious glomerulonephritis and is caused by group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Although the prevalence of PSGN has decreased in affluent nations, non-streptococcal species are becoming more common. and it is still the major cause of glomerulonephritis in children. APSGN can manifest itself in epidemic outbreaks or clusters of instances, as well as in single persons. Epidemic outbreaks have previously been documented as a result of upper respiratory or cutaneous streptococcal infections in various parts of the world. In developed nations, APSGN is now mostly a disease of the elderly, who are more likely to have disabling illnesses such as cancer, alcoholism, or diabetes. Children between the ages of 3 and 12 (with a peak incidence between the ages of 5 and 6 years) and seniors over the age of 60 are the most commonly affected. The pathophysiology of APSGN is complicated by inflammation. (APSGN) often occurs one to two weeks after a throat infection and three to five weeks after a skin infection. Hematuria, edoema, azotemia, and hypertension are the most common clinical signs. Loop or thiazide diuretics, are the most effective therapy for hypertension and edoema in PSGN. In this review we’ll be looking at the disease causes, epidemiology, presentation and treatment.

Introduction: Greatest percentage of the upper gastro intestinal accidently swallowed foreign bodies in adults are related to food bolus impaction with meat. Most patients who swallow a true foreign body typically are younger, however young children were recorded to accidently swallow other objects rather than food poluses. Males are more often recorded, and often have significant psychiatric illness and/or drug abuse. Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a very common problem in children. FB may pass through gastrointestinal (GI) system silently without any indication, or it may need an intervention to prevent complications. The diagnosis, decision for involvement and management may have some difficulties, and it’s usually decided according to the case, especially in cases with protracted lodgment. Complications caused by lodgment of ingested GI FBs varies according to many factors and are associated with important morbidity and mortality in children. Objectives: to show an overview of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children, its epidemiology, risk factors, hazards and management.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a set of clonal bone marrow diseases in children that are characterised by peripheral cytopenia, dysplastic alterations in the bone marrow, and inefficient hematopoiesis. MDS is uncommon in children, with just 1-4 occurrences per million children afflicted. Adults, particularly the elderly, are more susceptible to the disease. Some hereditary disorders, such as Fanconi's anaemia, Shwachman's, and Down's syndromes, are known to predispose children to developing MDS. JCML and monosomy 7 syndrome are the two most frequent paediatric MDS types, both of which affect children in their early years. Approximately 20% of juvenile myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases are discovered by chance during normal laboratory testing or during the course of a suspected hereditary bone marrow failure (IBMF). Differentiating MDS with low blast numbers from aplastic anaemia (AA) and MDS with excess blasts from AML are the two key diagnostic issues in this condition. Bone marrow transplantation and stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice in most cases. In this article we discuss the disease epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Selective mutism (SM) is a psychological disease that affects children and is defined by a complete lack of speech in certain social contexts while speech production appears normal in others. Separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (previously known as social phobia), agoraphobia, and panic disorder, as well as shyness and anxiety, can all be associated with selective mutism. SM is a rather uncommon condition. Estimates of its point prevalence have been found in clinic or school samples in a variety of countries, and typically range between 0.03 percent and 1.9 percent depending on the setting. To properly establish the disorder's diagnosis, clinicians can use the SM module of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children and Parents (ADIS-C/P) or the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (Kiddie- or K-SADS). Nonmedication and medication-based therapies are the two basic types of treatment for selective mutism. Psychodynamic therapy, behavioural therapy, and family therapy are among the most common nonmedication-based or psychotherapy treatments. Selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (fluoxetine in particular) have been demonstrated to improve mutism and anxiety when used as a treatment option. The study aims to evaluate and treat selective silence and social phobia in children.

Noha Yahia Ebaid,1 Dalia Nabil Khalifa,1 Ahmad Sabry Ragheb,1 Magdy Mohamad Abdelsamie,2 Ahmed Mohamed Alsowey1 1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 2Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptCorrespondence: Noha Yahia EbaidDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptTel +201064422995Email nohayahiaradio@gmail.comBackground and Objectives: The coronary artery disease reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) is intended to standardize the reporting of CCTA and the subsequent management guidelines of CAD. The present study was conducted to investigate the validation of CAD-RADS and the application of coronary calcium grading in CAD management.Patients and Methods: The current study is a single-center prospective study that involved 177 participants with chest pain who were submitted to coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Two reviewers independently assessed CCTA results and gave each patient a CAD-RADS category. The reference standard for determining the clinical utility of CAD-RADS was invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The inter-reviewer agreement (IRA) was tested using the intra-class correlation (ICC).Results: The study enrolled 111 cases with non-significant CAD and 66 cases with significant CAD based on ICA findings. According to the reviewer, the CAD-RADS had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90.9 to 100%, 89.2 to 94.6%, and 93.16 to 93.2%, respectively, for predicting severe CAD. The IRA for CAD-RADS categories was excellent (ICC = 0.960). The best cut-off value for predicting severe CAD was CAD-RADS > 3. Significant relation between Ca and severe CAD (p< 0.001) was detected.Conclusion: The current study provides a good understanding of CAD-RADS as a standard tool with high diagnostic accuracy.Keywords: coronary, cardiovascular disease, Agatston, computed tomography, stenosis

Noha Yahia Ebaid,1 Dalia Nabil Khalifa,1 Ahmad Sabry Ragheb,1 Magdy Mohamad Abdelsamie,2 Ahmed Mohamed Alsowey1 1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 2Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptCorrespondence: Noha Yahia EbaidDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptTel +201064422995Email nohayahiaradio@gmail.comBackground and Objectives: The coronary artery disease reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) is intended to standardize the reporting of CCTA and the subsequent management guidelines of CAD. The present study was conducted to investigate the validation of CAD-RADS and the application of coronary calcium grading in CAD management.Patients and Methods: The current study is a single-center prospective study that involved 177 participants with chest pain who were submitted to coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Two reviewers independently assessed CCTA results and gave each patient a CAD-RADS category. The reference standard for determining the clinical utility of CAD-RADS was invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The inter-reviewer agreement (IRA) was tested using the intra-class correlation (ICC).Results: The study enrolled 111 cases with non-significant CAD and 66 cases with significant CAD based on ICA findings. According to the reviewer, the CAD-RADS had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90.9 to 100%, 89.2 to 94.6%, and 93.16 to 93.2%, respectively, for predicting severe CAD. The IRA for CAD-RADS categories was excellent (ICC = 0.960). The best cut-off value for predicting severe CAD was CAD-RADS > 3. Significant relation between Ca and severe CAD (p< 0.001) was detected.Conclusion: The current study provides a good understanding of CAD-RADS as a standard tool with high diagnostic accuracy.Keywords: coronary, cardiovascular disease, Agatston, computed tomography, stenosis

Sickle cell anemia is serious condition. People who have the disease when get infected with Covid-19 are more likely to suffer more complications. In this paper, we report the prevalence of complications of sickle cells of children infected with covid-19 virus. As pathogen detection campaigns have gotten more prevalent, the number of patients diagnosed with COVID19 has increased substantially. The majority of children diagnosed with COVID19 have moderate symptoms; the most common clinical signs in children with COVID19 are fever and cough. Fatigue, myalgia, upper respiratory tract symptoms, sore throat, headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal problems.

In this review we will be looking at nutritional intervention that can be used to achieve better results in management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Eating disorders are widespread in children with autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Their penchant for high-energy, low-nutrient foods can change their metabolism, creating an accumulation of reactive radicals and mental and physical deterioration. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when given in sufficient amounts, are gaining popularity as a potential treatment option for ASD. Studies shows that using of special and alternative nutritional diets can achieve better results for children with autism however some of these studies shows that the true effectiveness of such approaches is minimal if not lacking at all. It is recommended that there are many factors that play role in outcomes of theses treatment therefor more research is must in order to draw clear conclusion weather or not using of alternative diet is effective enough and if so, what’s the best guidelines for it.

Background Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is believed to play an important role in the development of acne vulgaris. Aim of the work To investigate the presence of GM-CSF 3928C/T and GM-CSF 3606 T/C promoter gene polymorphisms in Egyptian acne patients. Methods To examine whether GM-CSF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to acne vulgaris (AV), we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP 3928C/T and 3606T⁄C of the GM-CSF gene in 100 Egyptian acne patients (29 with mild acne, 38 with moderate acne, and 33 with severe acne) and 100 controls, using a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results There was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of the 3928C/T group between patients with acne vulgaris and controls for the SNP site. Regarding the 3606 T/C subgroup only a marginal significant difference was found between cases and controls in TC pattern (p = 0.039); with the TC genotype appearing more in cases (53% of patients) than controls (35% of healthy controls). Conclusion We report a novel GM-CSF 3928C/T promoter gene polymorphism contributing to the pathogenesis of acne in Egyptian population.

Urolithiasis is a condition in which hard deposits made of salts and minerals are accumulated inside the kidneys. A lot of studies demonstrated adult urolithiasis but studies on pediatric urolithiasis is still scarce. Studies had shown that pediatric urolithiasis prevalence is progressively increasing worldwide. The main cause for this increase is not totally clear but has been associated to changes in climate, nutritional habits and other environmental factors. Pediatric urolithiasis is distinctive and different from adult urolithiasis concerning prevalence, etiology and clinical presentation. Over the time while the condition was evolving, the main cause has changed from predominantly infectious to metabolic in nature. Pediatric urolithiasis should not be underestimated as it is associated with morbidity mainly since it possesses a striking feature which is ability to recur. Metabolic risk factors are more communal in pediatric urolithiasis than in adults. The common type of calculi in children is comprised of either calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate mainly and is often associated with a metabolic abnormality. Informed as metabolic abnormalities, Idiopathic hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia are the most frequently reported. A good understanding of the causes and risk factors of pediatric urolithiasis will provide better strategies and techniques for calculi treatment and prevention in children.

Realization of functional flexible artificial synapse is a significant step toward neuromorphic computing. Herein, a flexible artificial synapse based on ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) is demonstrated, using BiFeO3 (BFO) thin film as the functional layer. The inorganic single crystalline FTJs grown on rigid perovskite substrates at high temperatures are integrated with the flexible plastic substrates, by using the water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) as the sacrificial layer and the following transfer. The transferred freestanding BFO thin film exhibits excellent ferroelectric properties. Moreover, the memristive properties and the brain-like synaptic learning performance of the flexible FTJs are investigated. The results show that multilevel resistance states were maintained well of the flexible artificial synapse, together with their stable synaptic learning properties. Our work indicates the promising opportunity of ferroelectric thin film based flexible synapse used in the future neuromorphic computing system.

The present study investigates the transient processes controlling ignition by a hot jet issued from a pre-chamber. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) have been performed to study the characteristics of the turbulent jet flow and of the associated flame during the whole ignition process, quantifying the relevant physicochemical interactions between pre-chamber and main chamber. Thanks to a detailed analysis of the DNS results, the transient ignition is found to consist of three main sequential processes: (1) near-orifice local ignition in the main chamber; (2) further flame development supported by the jet flow; and (3) global ignition and propagation of a self-sustained flame in the main chamber, independently from the hot jet. The characteristic time-scale of the hot jet as well as jet-induced effects (local enrichment, supply of radicals and heat) are found to be essential for successful ignition in the main chamber. A more intense turbulence in the main chamber appears to support local ignition. However, it also induces local quenching, thus delaying global ignition. An ignition threshold based on a critical Damköhler number is a promising concept, but is not sufficient to describe the process in all its complexity.

Structure abnormalities of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that arise during fetal development are known as congenital heart disease (CHD). It is the most frequent type of birth defect. Despite great success in surgical and medicinal care of CHD. many operations are palliative rather than curative. and some survivors still have significant residual hemodynamic and electrical conduction abnormalities. as well as long-term cardiovascular problems. The field of congenital heart defect treatment has come a long way in its infancy. With heart problems that were an automatic death sentence 60 years ago, to contemporary surgical survival rates of more than 96 percent for all defects evaluated together. No other branch of research or medicine has done so much in such a short time. In this paper, we overview epidemiology, evaluation and management of congenital cyanotic heart diseases in children.

In view of the worldwide antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threat, new bacterial targets and anti-infective agents are needed. Since important roles in bacterial pathogenesis have been demonstrated for the collagenase H and G (ColH and ColG) from

The emerging coronavirus illness (COVID-19) pandemic is posing a global health hazard, with men being at a larger risk than women. There have been few publications on the andrological consequences of COVID-19 and its vaccines so far. To assuage vaccine fear stemming from concerns about fertility, the effect of inactivated whole-virus and viral vector vaccines on semen quality was investigated in 100 Egyptian men. The safety of COVID-19 vaccines on semen parameters was validated with no significant change in pre- and post-vaccination semen analyses in either type of vaccine. Following COVID-19 vaccination, we can declare male semen parameters as unaffected.

A novel approach for the dual inhibition of steroid sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(17β HSD1) by a single drug was explored, starting from in-house 17β HSD1 inhibitors via masking their phenolic OH group with a sulfamate ester. The sulfamates were intentionally designed as drugs for the inhibition of STS and, at the same time, prodrugs for 17β-HSD1 inhibition ("drug-prodrug approach"). The most promising sulfamates

All-inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their heat-sensitive hybrid organic-inorganic counterparts. In particular, CsPbI2 Br shows the highest potential for developing thermally-stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) among all-inorganic compositions. However, controlling the crystallinity and morphology of all-inorganic compositions is a significant challenge. Here, a simple, thermal gradient- and antisolvent-free method is reported to control the crystallization of CsPbI2 Br films. Optical in situ characterization is used to investigate the dynamic film formation during spin-coating and annealing to understand and optimize the evolving film properties. This leads to high-quality perovskite films with micrometer-scale grain sizes with a noteworthy performance of 17% (≈16% stabilized), fill factor (FF) of 80.5%, and open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 1.27V. Moreover, excellent phase and thermal stability are demonstrated even after extreme thermal stressing at 300°C.