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INTRODUCTION: Lipid transfer proteins (LTP), profilin and PR-10 are the most important panallergens in central and southern Italy. Lipid transfer proteins are stable molecules, predominantly present in the fruit peel, which can induce systemic symptoms after ingestion of vegetables. Profilin and PR-10 are randomly distributed in the pulp and peel. Both are labile proteins and usually determine reactions restricted to the oral cavity. Panallergens-specific IgE may cross-react with homologues from different plant sources, due to their conserved structure. AIM: To assess the pattern of sensitization to panallergens and the correlation with the clinical history and the allergological evaluation of food and aeroallergens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with adverse reactions after vegetables ingestion underwent skin prick tests (SPT) with commercial extracts of plant-derived foods and inhalant allergens and commercial extracts of LTP, profilin and PR-10. RESULTS: Many patients presented positive SPT with different plant-food allergens. We found that 76 patients were sensitized to LTP, 14 to profilin and 5 to PR-10. In the LTP-sensitized group, 64 (84%) patients suffered from systemic symptoms while the patients sensitized only to profilin referred the oral allergy syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a high rate of sensitization to LTP in our population according to the literature about food allergy in our geographical area and confirms the literature data about the symptoms referred by patients with sensitization to panallergens. Panallergens should be considered as clinically relevant food allergens.

This paper presents an immersive virtual reality system (IVRS) that has been designed for unilateral amputees in order to reduce the phantom limb pain (PLP). The patient’s healthy limb is tracked by using a motion sensor. Data of the limb in motion are used as input parameters to move the phantom limb in the immersive virtual reality system. In this way, the patient has the illusion of moving the phantom limb while moving the real and contra-lateral limb. The system has been implemented by using low cost and open technologies, and combines the Oculus Rift SDK2 device, the LeapMotion device, a motion sensor, and an engine for interactive 3D content and gaming generation (Unity 3D). The Oculus Rift head mounted display is used to provide the immersive experience.

It has been debated whether the Hippocratic Oath’s commitment referring to not administering poisonous/ deadly drugs prohibits: euthanasia, assisted suicide or murder. The first goal was to analyze if the prohibition of administering poisonous/deadly drugs was kept and how it changed in medical oaths of Hippocratic stemma of different time periods and religious orientations. The second aim was discern what is forbidden: euthanasia, assisted suicide or murder. Seventeen medical oaths: 4 Medieval, 2 Modern and 11 Contemporary oaths were studied and divided into those expressing the commitment like the original, those that may include it depending on the interpretation and those that do not mention it. Medieval and Modern oaths express it similarly to the Hippocratic Oath, possibly due to religious and Hippocratic/Galenic influences. What they forbid cannot be inferred. Contemporary oaths maintaining the commitment tend to include phrases regarding active euthanasia and assisted suicide. Other contemporary oaths may generalize it. It would be advisable that medical oaths would contain clear and specific premises regarding this commitment depending on the country, school and the student body’s idiosyncrasies.

It has been debated whether the Hippocratic Oath’s commitment referring to not administering poisonous/ deadly drugs prohibits: euthanasia, assisted suicide or murder. The first goal was to analyze if the prohibition of administering poisonous/deadly drugs was kept and how it changed in medical oaths of Hippocratic stemma of different time periods and religious orientations. The second aim was discern what is forbidden: euthanasia, assisted suicide or murder. Seventeen medical oaths: 4 Medieval, 2 Modern and 11 Contemporary oaths were studied and divided into those expressing the commitment like the original, those that may include it depending on the interpretation and those that do not mention it. Medieval and Modern oaths express it similarly to the Hippocratic Oath, possibly due to religious and Hippocratic/Galenic influences. What they forbid cannot be inferred. Contemporary oaths maintaining the commitment tend to include phrases regarding active euthanasia and assisted suicide. Other contemporary oaths may generalize it. It would be advisable that medical oaths would contain clear and specific premises regarding this commitment depending on the country, school and the student body’s idiosyncrasies. Resumen: Ha sido debatido qué es lo que prohíbe el compromiso del Juramento Hipocrático de no administrar drogas venenosas/mortales: la eutanasia, el suicidio asistido o el asesinato. El primer objetivo fue analizar si la prohibición de administrar drogas venenosas/mortales se mantuvo y cómo cambió en juramentos médicos de stemma hipocrática en diferentes tiempos y con distinta orientación religiosa. El segundo objetivo fue discernir qué se prohíbe: si la eutanasia, el suicidio asistido o el asesinato. Se analizaron 17 juramentos médicos: 4 medievales, 2 modernos y 11 contemporáneos. Se dividieron en aquellos que expresan el compromiso como el original, aquellos que podrían incluirlo o no dependiendo de la interpretación y aquellos que no mencionan nada al respecto. Los juramentos medievales y modernos expresan el compromiso de manera similar al Juramento Hipocrático, posiblemente por influencias religiosas e hipocrático/galénicas. Qué es lo que prohíben no puede ser inferido. Los juramentos contemporáneos que mantienen el compromiso suelen incluir frases en relación a la eutanasia activa y al suicidio asistido. Otros juramentos contemporáneos lo generalizarían. Sería recomendable que los juramentos incorporaran compromisos claros dependiendo de la idiosincrasia de los países, instituciones y cuerpo estudiantil. Resumo: Tem sido debatido se o compromisso do juramento de Hipócrates, referindo-se a não administrção de drogas venenosas/mortais, proíbe: a eutanásia, o suicídio assistido ou o assassinato. O primeiro objetivo foi analisar se a proibição de administrar drogas venenosas/mortais foi mantida e como isso mudou em juramentos médicos de Hippocratic stemma em diferentes períodos de tempo e orientações religiosas. O segundo objetivo foi discernir o que é proibido: eutanásia, suicídio assistido ou assassinato. Dezessete juramentos médicos: 4 medievais, 2 modernos e 11 juramentos contemporâneos foram estudados e divididos naqueles que expressavam o compromisso semelhante ao original, aqueles que podem incluir, consoante a interpretação e aqueles que não o mencionam. Os juramentos medievais e modernos expressam da mesma forma que o juramento de Hipócrates, possivelmente devido a influência religiosa e de Hipócrates/galênica. O que eles proíbem não podem ser inferido. Os juramentos contemporâneos, mantendo o compromisso tendem a incluir frases sobre eutanásia ativa e suicídio assistido. Outros juramentos contemporâneos podem generalizá-lo. Seria aconselhável que os juramentos médicos conteria premissas claras e específicas sobre este compromisso dependendo do país, a escola e as idiossincrasias do corpo estudantil.

HoloLens technology enables mixed reality experiences that integrate holographic objects into the real world in which the mixed reality head-mounted device is used. Since HoloLens' launch in March 2016, some mixed-reality applications of this technology have been announced or showcased, addressing different fields, including education, data visualization, tourism, entertainment, and professional training e.g., in medicine, architecture, manufacturing, and engineering. Still, a limited number of reported research provide examples of user experience designs and evaluations for applications using HoloLens. We are interested in the use of HoloLens as therapeutic tool for people with the Alzheimer's Disease. The paper describes a set of therapeutic activities that have been designed in cooperation with neurologists and aim at stimulating short term memory and spatial memory in this target group. We also report a preliminary study of the usability of these activities among the elderly subjects.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) has high prevalence and substantial socio-economic burden.Material/Methods: The study included 35 Italian Centers recruiting an overall number of 3383 adult patients with rhinitis (48% males, 52% females, mean age 29.1, range 18-45 years). For each patient, the attending physician had to fill in a standardized questionnaire, covering, in particular, some issues such as the ARIA classification of allergic rhinitis (AR), the results of skin prick test (SPT), the kind of treatment, the response to treatment, and the satisfaction with treatment.Results: Out of the 3383 patients with rhinitis, 2788 (82.4%) had AR: 311 (11.5%) had a mild intermittent, 229 (8.8%) a mild persistent, 636 (23.5%) a moderate-severe intermittent, and 1518 (56.1%) a moderate-severe persistent form. The most frequently used drugs were oral antihistamines (77.1%) and topical corticosteroids (60.8%). The response to treatment was judged as excellent in 12.2%, good in 41.3%, fair in 31.2%, poor in 14.5%, and very bad in 0.8% of subjects. The rate of treatment dissatisfaction was significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe AR than in patients with mild AR (p

Background and objective Administration of carbapenems to β-lactam-allergic patients has always been considered potentially harmful because of a 47.4% rate of cross-reactivity to imipenem reported in a single study. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that the rate of cross-reactivity of imipenem and meropenem with penicillins is lower than 1%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using ertapenem in patients with an established IgE-mediated β-lactam allergy. Patients and methods We studied all participants who came to our allergy unit and had a clinical history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to β-lactams. The inclusion criteria were a positive skin test result to at least 1 β-lactam molecule and/or positive specific IgE (when available). All participants underwent immediate-type skin tests with several β-lactam molecules including ertapenem. Challenges with intravenous ertapenem were performed on 2 different days in patients with negative skin test results. Results We examined 49 patients with a clinical history of immediate reactions to β-lactams. All the patients had positive skin tests and/or positive specific IgE to at least 1 β-lactam reagent and negative carbapenem skin tests. Thirty-six patients agreed to undergo the challenges and 35 tolerated the full dose of ertapenem. Conclusions The practice of avoiding carbapenems in patients with β-lactam allergy should be abandoned considering the very low rate of cross-reactivity. β-Lactam-allergic patients who need ertapenem therapy should undergo skin tests and, if negative, a graded challenge to assess tolerability.

The allergic risk in sport is an emerging issue of relevance for public health. Several natural and synthetic allergens are present in indoor and outdoor sport environments. Epidemiological data show the widespread high incidence of allergies in the population. Elite athletes have been observed to have a high prevalence of allergic reactions and exposure to allergens during training and competitions is a concern for environmental occupational medicine. The connection between exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, genetics and environment is still debated. In recent decades, interest in this field has been growing as shown by the increasing number of ISI/PubMed publications. The main allergens present in the sport and physical activity environments are classified and reported here.

The multiple drug intolerance syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by adverse drug reactions to at least three drugs, chemically, pharmacologically and immunogenically unrelated, manifested upon three different occasions, and with negative allergy testing. Symptoms referred by the patients are often subjective, of neurovegetative origin. The aim of the study is to characterize patients suffering from the multiple drug intolerance syndrome from a psychological point of view, and to compare them to healthy subjects. We studied 30 women suffering from the multiple drug intolerance syndrome. All subjects underwent the following psychodiagnostic tests: (1) the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y, (2) the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, (3) the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, (4) the Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire, (5) the Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory-2, (6) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The study group was compared to 30 healthy women. When compared with the control group, our patients showed: a higher anxiety, a higher grade of depression, this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01); a high difference (p < 0.01) between the two groups as regards somatic symptoms; a higher grade of alexithymia (p < 0.01); and a worse quality of life, in all the analyzed ambits. These findings clearly demonstrate the importance of psychological symptoms in patients with the multiple drug intolerance syndrome, and show that a complex allergy and psychological work-up is mandatory in the management of these patients.

Background: Cross-reactivity between aztreonam and β-lactams is poor, but tolerability of aztreonam has been assessed in a few groups of patients suffering from IgE-mediated allergy to β-lactams. The aim of this study was to assess the cross-reactivity of aztreonam with other β-lactams and its tolerability in patients with cell-mediated allergy to these drugs. Methods: We studied 78 patients with cell-mediated allergy to β-lactams who underwent skin prick, immediate and delayed-reading intradermal tests as well as patch tests with penicilloyl-polylysine, minor determinant mixture, semi-synthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem. Patients with negative allergy testing with aztreonam underwent an intramuscular test dosing and were observed for 3 h. Results: Our patients experienced 94 non-immediate reactions; delayed-onset urticaria (34 cases), maculopapular exanthema (13 cases), urticaria/angioedema (15 cases) and itching erythema (13 cases) were the most reported symptoms. Amoxicillin (35 cases), ampicillin (28 cases) and bacampicillin (18 cases) were the most involved drugs. All patients had a positive patch test and/or a positive delayed-reading intradermal test to at least 1 β-lactam antibiotic and none had a positive patch or delayed-reading intradermal test to aztreonam. Then, 65 patients underwent intramuscular test dosing with aztroenam, and none of them had a clinical reaction. Conclusions: Our data confirm the lack of cross-reactivity between β-lactams and aztreonam in patients with cell-mediated allergy to these drugs. Delayed-reading intradermal tests and patch tests with aztreonam represent a simple and rapid diagnostic tool to establish tolerability in β-lactam-allergic patients.

Adverse reactions to folic acid are an extremely uncommon condition; we present three cases of hypersensitivity to folic acid with different symptomatic manifestations. In the first and second cases, we made the diagnosis of IgE-mediate-type allergy to folic acid, while in the third one, we found a fixed drug eruption to folic acid.

Objective: The quantification of basophil activation by flow cytometry is a useful tool for the assessment of immediate-type responses to food allergens and the prediction of clinical tolerance in food allergy patients. The aim of this study is to investigate how the analysis of allergen-induced CD63 up-regulation by flow cytometry can be effective in monitoring the acquisition of clinical tolerance by specific oral desensitization in food allergy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine this topic. Materials and methods: Three male patients affected by cow’s milk allergy underwent successful oral desensitization to cow’s milk. In order to monitor the acquired clinical tolerance that occurred after treatment, we performed laboratory tests for total and specific IgE, specific IgG4 and the Basophil Activation Test (BAT) both at baseline and at the end of the desensitization protocol. Results: Using a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay, the comparison of specific cow’s milk antibodies before and after treatment showed a decrease of specific IgE levels, without reaching normal values, and an increase of specific IgG4 levels. A complete suppression of cow’s milk proteins (a-lactoalbumin, b-lactoglobulin and casein) induced CD63 regulation was observed in all three reported cases. Conclusions: Using flow cytometry, food allergen-specific basophil responses could be monitored in order to identify an acquired tolerance induced by desensitization treatment. Although further studies are needed to develop this important new topic, it was interesting to note that the BAT seemed to be more sensitive and characterized by a close correlation with clinical tolerance.

13-Lactams are the most commonly used antibiotics but they can cause hypersensitivity reactions. We sought to estimate cross-reactivity and tolerability of cephalosporins in patients with cell-mediated allergy to penicillins.We studied 97 patients with a clinical history of nonimmediate reactions to a penicillin and a positive patch test result to at least 1 of the penicillins tested. All patients also underwent patch testing with several cephalosporins. Patients with a negative patch test to a cephalosporin underwent test dosing in order to assess tolerability.We recorded 129 reactions. The most commonly involved drugs were aminopenicillins, and the most widely reported symptoms were delayed urticaria and maculopapular exanthema. Seventeen patients had positive patch test results for cephalosporins, mostly for cephalexin (n=10), cefaclor (n=9), and cefuroxime axetil (n=5). All the patients-except 4 who experienced an exanthema after the challenge test with cephalexin-tolerated a therapeutic dose of the cephalosporin tested without any adverse effects.Our data show that cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins may be as high as 10.9% for first-generation cephalosporins and 1.1% for third-generation cephalosporins, possibly due to the involvement of similar side chains. Patch tests are a useful diagnostic tool to assess cross-reactivity, but a graded challenge is mandatory because a negative patch test does not always mean tolerability.

El engaño en ámbitos académicos, y particularmente en las facultades de medicina tiene importancia, ya que se comprobó que los estudiantes que tienen conductas deshonestas en la formación de grado tienden a hacerlo en su práctica profesional. Se define como engaño “el intento deliberado, exitoso o no, de ocultar, generar y/o manipular de algún modo información, por medios verbales y/o no verbales, con el fin de crear o mantener en otra(s) persona(s) una creencia falsa”. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de dicha conducta que pueden prever los alumnos aún no se estudiaron exhaustivamente en distintos ámbitos universitarios. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo es comparar las consecuencias que los estudiantes de medicina de primer año de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) y de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) señalan como posibles al efectuar dichas conductas. Se administró una encuesta voluntaria y anónima a alumnos de primer año de ambas instituciones, aprobada por el Comité de Ética de un hospital asociado a la Facultad de la UBA. La misma constó de una introducción (objetivos, definición de engaño e instrucciones) y cuatro secciones: 1) datos del alumno (edad, sexo y año de curso), 2) ocho conductas de engaño donde los alumnos debían señalar si las consideraban engaño, severidad y si las observaron o las realizaron y 3) tres motivos y tres consecuencias de este acto. En esta presentación sólo se analizarán las posibles consecuencias de las conductas de engaño que señalaron los alumnos. Los autores primero y segundo las analizaron y categorizaron teniendo una discrepancia del 5% inicialmente y llegando a un consenso en un segundo análisis. Los datos se volcaron en una base y se determinó para cada categoría frecuencia y porcentaje. La relación entre los consecuencias señaladas por los alumnos de primero de UCM y de UBA se comprobó mediante χ2 (P< 0,05). Se encuestaron 198 alumnos de UBA, edad promedio 22,5 (DE=3,76), sexo femenino 65,2% y 147 de UCM, edad promedio 18,7 (DE=3,04), sexo femenino 68,7%. La principal consecuencia de las conductas de engaño considerada por los alumnos de las dos Universidades fue falta de conocimientos (25,6% UCM vs. 23,8% UBA). Las mayores discrepancias entre las consecuencias señaladas por ambos cursos fueron las relacionadas con sentimientos negativos hacia la propia persona (11,0% UCM vs. 28,2% UBA), abarcando en esta categoría las respuestas: culpa, deshonestidad, vergüenza, engaño a sí mismo, mediocridad, inseguridad, falta de satisfacción personal y falta de motivación. Otras diferencias entre las consecuencias de ambos cursos fueron las relacionadas con sanciones académicas (17,3% UCM vs. 9,4% UBA) y mal desempeño profesional (9,8% UCM vs. 14,1% UBA). La relación entre las respuestas de los alumnos de ambas Facultades y las categorías de las consecuencias resultó muy significativa (χ²=54,967; P

Introduction Lipid transfer proteins (LTP), profilin and PR-10 are the most important panallergens in central and southern Italy. Lipid transfer proteins are stable molecules, predominantly present in the fruit peel, which can induce systemic symptoms after ingestion of vegetables. Profilin and PR-10 are randomly distributed in the pulp and peel. Both are labile proteins and usually determine reactions restricted to the oral cavity. Panallergens-specific IgE may cross-react with homologues from different plant sources, due to their conserved structure. Aim To assess the pattern of sensitization to panallergens and the correlation with the clinical history and the allergological evaluation of food and aeroallergens. Material and methods One hundred and twenty patients with adverse reactions after vegetables ingestion underwent skin prick tests (SPT) with commercial extracts of plant-derived foods and inhalant allergens and commercial extracts of LTP, profilin and PR-10. Results Many patients presented positive SPT with different plant-food allergens. We found that 76 patients were sensitized to LTP, 14 to profilin and 5 to PR-10. In the LTP-sensitized group, 64 (84%) patients suffered from systemic symptoms while the patients sensitized only to profilin referred the oral allergy syndrome. Conclusions This study shows a high rate of sensitization to LTP in our population according to the literature about food allergy in our geographical area and confirms the literature data about the symptoms referred by patients with sensitization to panallergens. Panallergens should be considered as clinically relevant food allergens.

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and therefore form an integral part of human diet. A growing interest has been addressed to this class of compounds because clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested that the regular consumption of fruits and edible plants might reduce the risk of developing chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. This communication reports the results of a study carried out to develop a straightforward HPLC method for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds occurring in the leaves of Cyclanthera pedata Scrabs (Caigua). This is an ancient Peruvian edible plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, which have an increasing commercial interest in the phytopharmaceutical market due to its anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic properties. The method employs a narrow-bore C-18 column and a semimicro photodiode array detector (PDA) cell of 2.5 ?L, in conjunction with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI-MS). The C-18 narrow bore column is eluted by a multi-segment gradient of increasing concentration of acetonitrile in water-formic acid solution that has been optimized on the basis of the results of a study carried out to evaluate the influence of mobile phase composition and gradient shape on separation performance and detection sensitivity by ESI-MS. The identification of individual phenolic compounds has been performed on the basis of their retention times and both UVvisible and mass spectra, acquired by PDA and ESI-MS, respectively. Different organic solvents, hydro-organic mixtures, and plain water have been tested for their efficiency for extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of Cyclanthera pedata either grown in a green house, under controlled conditions of humidity, temperature and exposure to light, or in an experimental field in Rome geographical area.

Il presente studio è stato condotto al fine di accrescere le conoscenze sul contenuto in flavonoidi nella pianta Cyclanthera pedata, pianta edibile originaria del Sud America, in considerazione delle accertate proprietà salutistiche di questa particolare classe di composti fenolici. Molteplici sono gli effetti benefici sulla salute umana degli alimenti di origine vegetale associati al loro contenuto in flavonoidi e, più in generale, in composti fenolici. Questi sono metaboliti secondari ubiquitari nei diversi organi della pianta, per molti dei quali sono stati accertati effetti biologici diversi in numerosi sistemi cellulari di mammiferi e riconosciuto l'effetto terapeutico nei confronti di svariate patologie umane. La C. Pedata è molto diffusa in Perù, ove è coltivata sia in ambiente montano (Ande) sia costiero, per uso alimentare e come rimedio per svariate patologie nella medicina tradizionale locale che utilizza semi, frutti e foglie secondo il disturbo e/o patologia da curare. La parte edibile è principalmente costituita dai frutti consumati, svuotati dai semi, freschi oppure cotti e, in alcune località, dai germogli e dalle foglie consumati come verdura. Lo studio è stato condotto su campioni di foglie prelevate da piante, provenienti da semenze di diversa origine geografica (Perù Costa e Perù Ande), coltivate sia in camera climatica a condizioni controllate sia in campo. Sono stati investigati diversi sistemi di estrazione e sviluppate metodiche analitiche validate che utilizzano la cromatografia liquida a elevate prestazioni a fasi inverse (RP-HPLC), mediante le quali è stata eseguita la simultanea identificazione e quantificazione dei maggiori flavonoidi presenti in foglie di C. Pedata. Le metodiche sviluppate impiegano colonne cromatografiche di tipo narrow bore (diametro interno 2.0 mm) e rivelazione sia mediante spettrofotometro a serie di fotodiodi (PDA) sia mediante spettrometro di massa con sorgente di ioni per elettrovaporizzazione (ESI-MS). L'identificazione dei flavonoidi separati mediante RP-HPLC è stata eseguita sulla base degli spettri di assorbimento UV e di massa ottenuti, rispettivamente, con il rivelatore PDA ed ESI-MS in modalità di ionizzazione positiva. Gli spettri UV e MS dei composti in esame sono stati inoltre confrontati con quelli di standard puri, quando disponibili, analizzati nelle stesse condizioni sperimentali. In alternativa, il confronto è stato eseguito con gli spettri ESI-MS riportati in letteratura per flavonoidi glicosilati estratti da frutti e foglie di C. pedata. Tra i risultati si cita l'identificazione di un nuovo flavonoide glicosilato, l'Apigenina-7-O-glucoside, non riportato in letteratura. Il risultato è di un certo interesse in considerazione della potenziale attività ipoglicemizzante accertata per diverse apigenine glicosilate.

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar y comparar qué actos incorrectos realizados por los docentes y sus motivos percibieron los alumnos de primer año de Medicina de las universidades de Buenos Aires (uba) y Complutense de Madrid (ucm), utilizando una encuesta con ítems cerrados y abiertos, con el fin de narrar el incidente e indicar su motivo. Las categorías del incidente más señaladas en ambos grupos fueron: maltrato verbal, desinterés por el alumno y evaluación injusta. Los motivos más indicados: soberbia y falta de compromiso. El 79.1% de los alumnos de la ucm manifestaron que el incidente ocurrió en enseñanza-aprendizaje; y el 68.1% de los de la uba, en evaluación. Es interesante observar que en ambas universidades los estudiantes percibieron maltrato, a pesar de que no se preguntó sobre ello. Los resultados indicarían la necesidad de reforzar el compromiso de los docentes en cuanto a respeto, responsabilidad y justicia., O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e comparar os atos incorretos dos docentes, e seus motivos, que foram percebidos pelos alunos de primeiro ano de medicina das universidades de Buenos Aires (uba) e Complutense de Madrid (ucm), utilizando uma pesquisa com itens fechados e abertos, com o intuito de relatar o incidente e indicar o seu motivo. As categorias do incidente mais destacadas nos dois grupos foram: maltrato verbal, falta de interesse pelo aluno e avaliação injusta. Os motivos mais indicados: arrogância e falta de compromisso. 79.1% dos alunos da ucm manifestaram que o incidente ocorreu em ensino-aprendizado; e 68.1% dos da uba, em avaliação. É interessante observar que em as duas universidades os estudantes perceberam o maltrato, embora não se perguntara sobre isso. Os resultados indicariam a necessidade de reforçar o compromisso dos docentes quanto ao respeito, a responsabilidade e a justiça., The purpose was to analyze and compare which incorrect actions by the professors and their motives were perceived by the students of the first year in medical school at the Buenos Aires University (uba) and the Complutense University of Madrid (ucm). A survey with open-ended and closedended items was used in order to relate the incident and indicate its motive. The categories of the most mentioned incident in both groups were: verbal abuse, lack of interest in the student and unfair assessment. The most indicated motives: arrogance and lack of commitment. 79.1% of the ucm students stated that the incident occurred during teaching-learning; and 68.1% of the uba students, during assessment. It is interesting to note that in both universities the students perceived abuse, in spite of not being asked in this regard. The results indicate the need to reinforce the commitment of the professors with regard to respect, responsibility and fairness., Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas