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The only paper printed in full in this digest is the Miles Conrad Memorial Lecture given by Dr. Burton W. Adkinson entitled: "After Organization X - What Next?" Dr. Adkinson reviews a national plan for abstracting and indexing services proposed by Robert Heller and Associates in the early sixties, in the light of the current requirements for abstracting and indexing services in the 1970's. Abstracts or summaries of papers concerning: (1) future interfaces of primary and secondary services, (2) cooperative studies of secondary services, (3) special interest session on standard data elements and formats, (4) special interest session on photocomposition and computer typesetting and (5) special interest session on Cinderella of Indexing (author indexing) are included. The registrants at the conference are listed. (Author/NH)

The report very briefly summarizes the research performed during the contract period March 1, 1964, to February 28, 1971. The emphasis of the research was on the discovery and development of techniques for automatically indexing and classifying documents. The research was limited to statistical techniques rather than semantic or syntactic. A bibliography of technical reports published is included. (Author/SJ)

Indexing and abstracting can be thought of as a way of modeling an actual document or textual item. Both are miniature versions of the actual thing. Normally, the indexing model is used to locate desired information, while the abstracting model is used as a screening medium to help the searcher decide which of the apparently correct actual items he wishes to study further. The particular indexing approach used must fit the system of searching. Actually, whichever level or depth of indexing (and abstracting) is selected, it will still result in the loss of large amounts of information through the modeling process. The better indexing will lose less, to state the situation from the negative approach. If a perfect model could be created, perfect information retrieval could be accomplished. However, the best that can be done with the present state-of-the-art is to work toward better indexing and better abstracting. In this way, the ultimate goal of rapid, efficient retrieval is enhanced. (Author/NH)

This report provides a complete and up-to-date review of the abstracting and indexing services available in water resources engineering. Between 1955 and 1970 the number of services in this field increased from about 20 to 40. This exponential growth or doubling every 15 years suggests that by 1985 there will be 80 abstracting services in existence. Abstracting and indexing services were evaluated from all over the world to find out whether the existing services are adequate in number, quality and coverage. In view of the increasing tendency to retrieve information from secondary literature tools with the help of machines, the criteria of standardization of data elements and of compatibility of products were investigated also. Some conclusions and recommendations are given with the aim to assist editors of abstracting services to enhance the value of their publications through the introduction of useful features which are found in some but not all services, and the elimination of certain shortcomings. (TW)

This book is an attempt to begin filling the need for an aesthetic for Readers Theatre by abstracting from such sources as the history of theatre practice, the history of literary structure, the psychology of visual perception, and the history of aesthetics, some principles of audience-text-performer relationships. The book is written primarily from the point of view of the Readers Theatre director; it considers particular problems encountered by the director and suggests how the abstracted principles of audience-text-performer relationships could be applied in a production that is aimed at featuring the literary text. Chapters Two through Six consider problems encountered in selecting literature, and in casting, directing, and designing; there is also a brief discussion of performing in Readers Theatre. Chapter Seven provides practical application of the principles discussed by taking a complete Readers Theatre script and indicating how these principles could be used to feature the text in performance. (Author/CK)

The primary purposes of this bibliography are to present an overview of published works which relate to the use of new technologies in library operations, to call attention to a number of valuable reference works published on the subject, and to assist librarians and library systems scientists who are engaged in the planning and/or implementation of computer-based systems to locate documents for their own studies. Part I, Volume 9, of the 12 volume LARC World Survey Series, is comprised of comprehensive listings of materials which relate to specialized areas of library automation including Abstracting and Indexing Applications, Acquisitions Applications, Administration and Management Support, Bibliography and Special Cataloging Applications, Cataloging Applications, Circulation Applications, Data Base Applications, Information Storage and Retrieval, Networks and Cooperative Systems, Selective Dissemination of Information, and Serials/Periodicals Applications. Part II is LI 004315. (Other publications in this series are: ED 060904, ED 060873, and ED 063005.) (Author/DH)

Nineteen documents on various aspects of information science are included in this introductory book of readings. The documents were selected because they are relatively easy to read for beginning students and are likely to be useful for a number of years. The documents cover the literature from 1958 to 1970. They are: (1) Information Science: What Is It?; (2) Of Librarianship, Documentation and Information Science; (3) Towards a Metascience of Information: Informatology; (4) Scientific Communication; (5) A General Model of Information Transfer: Theme Paper 1968 Annual Convention; (6) Question Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries; (7) Research for Psychologists at the Interface of the Scientist and His Information System; (8) The Information Center Concept; (9) The Automatic Creation of Literature Abstracts; (10) Automatic Indexing: An Experimental Inquiry; (11) Indexing and Abstracting by Association; (12) The KWIC Index Concept: A Retrospective View; (13) Selective Dissemination of Information: A Review of the Literature and Issues; (14) The Evaluation of Retrieval Systems; (15) Information Storage and Retrieval; (16) The Development and Administration of Automated Systems in Academic Libraries; (17) Language and Machines; (18) The Analysis and Design of Information Systems and (19) Technology and the Future of the Copyright Principle. (MM)

A survey of the resources and services of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) libraries was made so that the libraries in the complex could share the benefit of the experiences of each other. The report is based on questionnaire replies received from 31 CSIR Institutions and eight Co-operative Research Associations and relates to the year 1968-69. A list of CSIR Institutions is provided with their address, budget and strength of scientific and technical staff and the year of establishment. Other information given includes: library collections, clientele, control and administration, acquisition, technical processing, building and equipment, and services. (NH)

This study develops and applies a way of talking about that transformation or change occurring in the mind of a film viewer as he views a film. This articulation is expressed in a metalanguage constructed along parameters of a game situation. The terminology employed in the articulation is derived from contemporary French structuralism and semiotics. The specific method used in articulating the transformation is that of abstracting, or naming, syntagmatic (transformational) and paradigmatic (categorical) relationships from the film (using a system of classification based on the work of Christian Metz) and then comparing these relationships, in the light of psychonalytic theory, to syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships in an individual's verbal responses to the film. This abstracting procedure is given significance and validity by placing it in the following four parameters of a game situation: Game players share a common understanding of (1) the goal of the game, (2) the rules which determine an acceptable move in the game, (3) the way in which a winner is to be determined, and (4) ways in which a poorer game player can become a better game player. (Author/CK)

The content of journals, bibliographic standardization, abstracting and indexing services, and international editorial cooperation were discussed at the May 16-18, 1972 symposium. The program included the following topics: (1) survey of periodical publishing in documentation, librarianship and archives; (2) improvement of editing and publishing in these fields by improving quality of content, achieving greater uniformity in presentation, reducing delay in publication, and improving distribution; (3) improvement of coverage of professional literature in abstracting and indexing journals and better relations between professional journals and abstracting and indexing journals; and (4) promotion of international cooperation between editors of journals including a need for increased contacts between editors, assistance to editors in developing countries, organization of study trips for editors, more use of foreign authors in national journals, and the need for some method of maintaining permanent consultation between editors. The lists of participants, papers distributed, and materials displayed at the symposium are included as appendices. (Author/SJ)

This is a report of the international operations of the Excerpta Medica Foundation whose aim is to further the progress of medical knowledge by making information available to the medical and related professions on all significant basic research and clinical findings reported in any language, anywhere in the world. To accomplish this task, Excerpta Medica set up an international biomedical communication system, with headquarters in Amsterdam, to screen, evaluate, classify, translate, abstract and index the relevant scientific literature as it appears. Its English-language Abstracting Journals, devoted to the basic medical sciences and all major clinical specialties, are based on worldwide coverage of the biomedical literature. More than 3,000 serials in the biomedical field constitute the source material for the Foundation's data bank and its Abstracting Journals. This represents almost 20,000 individual journal issues received annually. Before processing and abstracting these journal issues are microfilmed and placed in the microfiche library. A staff of translators is on hand to provide translations of medical texts from any language into any other at nominal rates. The Foundation's 33 Abstract Journals are all completely computer-processed, including subject and author indexes cumulated annually. A detailed classification system is used to arrange the abstracts. (Author/RM)

The major purpose of this study was to find an efficient method of reporting rehabilitation research to researchers and practitioners by developing and evaluating a uniform and concise method of abstracting research reports. The research hypothesis tested was that uniform abstracts of Research and Development final reports can communicate salient content and research methodology information more briefly and with as much or more clarity that either final reports or Vocational Rehabilitation Administration (VRA) Service Series Summaries. A panel of six judges was used to test the major hypothesis. Following a one and one-half hour training program, judges rated the basic types of reports on two instruments. Results included: (1) research adequacy information was conveyed to a significantly greater extent by abstracts, (2) abstracts of final reports would appear to have conveyed research adequacy information as well as the final report themselves, (3) abstracts were found to convey research adequacy and content information as well as the longer final reports, and (4) abstracts were found to convey research adequacy information to a significantly greater extent than did VRA Service Series Summaries. (Author/KJ)

The report deals with experiments in testing and evaluation of an information retrieval system within the Comparative Systems Laboratory (CSL). Section I outlines the approach and the general methodology developed in CSL, the operational design of the experiments, the construction and use of the manuals, and the general significance of the manuals. Sections II through XI present operational manuals for indexing, encoding, question analysis, search strategy, dissemination, and instructions to users. Section XII lists and describes the special computer programs written for CSL. The primary purpose of the manuals was to serve as operational work guides for the CSL staff in constructing the components of the retrieval system to be tested in a manner which permitted testing by a system approach, and to prescribe the procedures for comparative testing. The manuals also served as training aids. (Author)

Subjects covered in this bibliography include manual, mechanized and automated techniques, evaluation of systems, standards, storage and retrieval systems, research, vocabularies, author participation, permuted title indexing, citation indexing, and specialized indexing requirements, i.e. chemistry, medicine, patents, engineering drawing, and computer-aided systems. The subject of abstracting is also covered. Individual classification schemes, vocabularies and glossaries are omitted except for a few outstanding examples. A total of 635 references, limited essentially to English-language publications, with coverage of the literature from 1960 to mid-1964, are presented from reports, monographs, periodicals, conferences and other forms of literature. An analysis of the coverage is given. The bibliography is followed by a computer-produced title index (KWIC), an author index, and a manually selected subject index for comparison purposes. (Author/JW)

This fourth annual report summarizes the investigation of (1) a "sentence dictionary" and (2) a "word government dictionary" for use in automatic abstracting and extracting systems. The theory behind the sentence dictionary and its compilation is that a separation of significant from nonsignificant sentences can be accomplished on the basis of syntactic sentence types. In the initial experiments dealing with the implementation of the sentence dictionary, parts-of-speech were used to designate the syntactic classification of sentences. As this classification proved too discriminative, a new system for syntactic classification was generated in which the part-of-speech strings were replaced by a phrase structure representation of the sentences, which were assigned automatically by a parsing program. The degree of complexity needed for the phrase structure is currently being determined by experiment. The compilation of the word government dictionary, also discussed in this report, was done on the assumption that the set of government words is a small subset of all English words and that this word government information would be useful in computational linguistics and information retrieval. Such investigation has led to the conclusion that a word's government pattern is often linked to its semantic meaning. (RM)

This paper discusses several of the trends in information handling for text-based storage and retrieval systems that are prevalent in the United States. The paper considers, in particular, specialized information products, cooperative and networking activities, and work on standards. Information products include current awareness abstract bulletins, computer-generated indexes and bibliographies, scientific paper distribution services, special-interest thesauri, newsletters for alerting purposes, microcard and microfilm aperature card distribution services, and on-line access to computer-stored information bases. Most of the cooperative endeavors are alliances among groups having common interests as to function or subject field or both. The growing emphasis on computer processing is accelerating the development of format standards and computer program interchangeability. Concentration on computer processing seems to be obscuring consideration of the quality of the information being processed. Greater use of behavioral science knowledge and methods is suggested in studies of user behavior and information flow and transfer. (Author/NH)

This second LARC (Library Automation Research and Consulting Association) automation survey presents a number of significant improvements over the first survey. Although the number of survey reports has not increased greatly, all of them have been updated and reflect, as nearly as it is possible to do, the current status of automation operations for the reporting libraries. The most significant change is in the provision of indexes so that the reports are accessible from a number of approaches. The survey is organized into three parts: Part I. Application of Automation in American Libraries; An Analysis of the LARC Survey Returns; Part II. Indexes to Survey; and Part III. The Survey Reports. Various aspects of the survey are dealt with in the following sections: (1) the analysis of the LARC survey returns, (2) the indexes, (3) uses of the indexes, (4) the survey reports and (5) future editions. (Author/NH)

Questions of the automation of input, output and data processing on computers in systems of information services are covered in the discussion of peculiarities of applied computers and processed information, general characteristics of processing algorithms and problems of information input and output. This is followed by a discussion of the organizations of an information system based on the computer "DNEPR." The basic parameters of the computer are given. The exchange of information in the man-machine system is touched upon and diagrammatically shown. The next selected article discussed the development of a dictionary and algorithms for the system of automatic descriptor indexing of patent documentation in the English language. The final article deals with questions of the dynamic optimization of information process in computers with highly developed parallelism. This is divided into three sections: (1) initial prerequisites and formulation of the problem, (2) selection and description of the method of dynamic optimization and (3) method and certain results of an experimental check of the selected method. (NH)

Representatives of eleven member services of the National Federation of Science Abstracting and Indexing Services met in Washington, D.C. on July 25, 1969, to discuss the report "Scientific and Technical Communication; A Pressing National Problem and Recommendations for its Solution," June 1969. This Report (known as the SATCOM Report) was marked by one Federation member as "a document of major importance to abstracting and indexing services." This paper represents the views of this Report expressed by representatives of the Federation member services who attended the meeting. (Author)

Document searching systems, such as those in libraries, are comprised of chains of components that transmit information. The components consist of mechanisms for doing classification, indexing, abstracting and cataloging of documents, and for converting users' statements of need to expressions suitable for searching the system. Improvement of the transmission fidelity of components requires that fidelity be measurable. The Pattern Congruity Method has been devised for accomplishing this. The method adapts paired-comparison judgment procedures from experimental psychology to the measuring of judgments of document content and the content of representations such as titles and abstracts. It provides a measure of agreement between different instances of the same component, such as between indexers, and also allows direct measurement of fidelity, i.e., the degree of correspondence or congruity between patterns of content of full documents and patterns as depicted by each component in the chain that transduces information about document contents. The method has been used to compare human and machine indexing products, to evaluate machine classification, to study conceptual structures underlying the use of indexing terms, and is currently being employed to study functional overlap in abstracting and indexing services. The method has been experimentally tested for two years under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. (Author/JB)

THIS PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OF INDEXING MATERIAL ON INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY INCLUDED--(1) A SURVEY AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, (2) AN EXAMINATION OF LOW-COST INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS, (3) VISITS TO A NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS AND AGENCIES USING EITHER MANUAL OR MECHANIZED SYSTEMS RANGING IN COMPLEXITY FROM RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE EDGE-NOTCHED CARDS TO EXPENSIVE COMPUTERS, (4) INTERVIEWS WITH KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE IN THE FIELD, AND (5) THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADEQUATE INDEXING SYSTEM, CHECKED FOR ITS VALIDITY AND USEFULNESS BY THE STAFF OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA PROJECT AND BY MANY OTHERS IN THE FIELD. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN EQUAL-TERM INDEX AND ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL ON THE INDEXING STAFF HAD ALREADY BEEN IMPLEMENTED. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS WERE TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE NEAR FUTURE. (JC)

THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY REPRESENTS A SAMPLING OF PUBLISHED WRITING ON CREATIVITY AND GIFTED CHILDREN SINCE 1960. THE LIST WAS COMPILED FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHERS. IN A FEW INSTANCES THE ANNOTATIONS HAVE BEEN MODIFIED OR ABRIDGED FROM THOSE FOUND IN "PSYCHOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS" OR OTHER JOURNAL ABSTRACTS. SOME OF THE ANNOTATIONS HAVE PREVIOUSLY APPEARED IN "THE GIFTED CHILD QUARTERLY." (LP)

MACLENVAN AND REID ABSTRACTED THE EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE PERTAINING TO INSTRUCTIONAL FILM RESEARCH SINCE 1950. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES, SURVEYS, SURVEYS OF RESEARCH, AND OTHER NONEXPERIMENTAL REPORTS ARE OMITTED. EACH ABSTRACT INCLUDES THE NUMBER AND DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS, CRITERION INSTRUMENTS, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY DATA, AND STATISTICS USED (WHEN GIVEN). ALL FINISHED ABSTRACTS (EXCEPT DISSERTATIONS) WERE MAILED TO THEIR AUTHORS, WHEN THEY COULD BE LOCATED, FOR COMMENTS BEFORE THE FINAL TYPING. VOLUME ONE INCLUDES AN INTRODUCTORY SECTION BY LESLIE P. GREENHILL, WHO DISCUSSES THE TRENDS OF INSTRUCTIONAL FILM RESEARCH. (SEE ED 003 806 FOR VOLUME TWO) (JC)

THE EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE PERTAINING TO INSTRUCTIONAL FILM RESEARCH SINCE 1950 HAS BEEN ABSTRACTED. THE ABSTRACTS ARE PRESENTED IN TWO VOLUMES. THIS IS VOLUME TWO. (SEE ED 003 805 FOR VOLUME ONE.) (JC)

THE COMPILATION OF A FILE OF MEDIA RESEARCH LITERATURE, COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 1920 TO 1965, FOR USE WITH A COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM WAS DESCRIBED. PERIODICAL, NONPERIODICAL, PUBLISHED, AND UNPUBLISHED LITERATURE IN A NUMBER OF FIELDS WAS SCANNED. THE PROCEDURE WAS ONE OF FOLLOWING LEADS INDICATED BY REFERENCES ACCOMPANYING CURRENT REPORTS INTO AN EXPANDING CIRCLE OF RELATED STUDIES. AT THE SAME TIME, PRODUCTIVE SOURCES WERE INVESTIGATED SYSTEMATICALLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF IDENTIFYING THOSE DOCUMENTS TO WHICH REFERENCE HAD NOT BEEN MADE. THIS REPORT SHOWS TABULATIONS OF ALL DOCUMENTS ABSTRACTED FOR THE SYSTEM WITH RESPECT TO SOURCE AND DATE OF ISSUE, BUT DOES NOT PROVIDE A DOCUMENT LISTING OR ANY ABSTRACTS. (FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, REFER TO ACCESSION NUMBERS ED 003 777 AND ED 010 239.) (JH)

A PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN TO SELECT, ABSTRACT, AND INDEX SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH MATERIALS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS OF HIGH ABILITY. IN ADDITION TO THE DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE OFFICES OF THE INTER-UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE ON THE SUPERIOR STUDENT, A REQUEST WAS SENT TO LEADING ADMINISTRATORS ON VARIOUS CAMPUSES FOR RECENT LITERATURE ON THE SUBJECT. A TOTAL OF 1,000 DOCUMENTS WERE ANALYZED AND ABSTRACTED AS WELL AS INDEXED ACCORDING TO KEY WORDS IN THE ABSTRACT. THE ABSTRACTS ALONG WITH THE DOCUMENTS FROM WHICH THE ABSTRACTS WERE MADE, WERE SHIPPED TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH INFORMATION CENTER. THE DOCUMENTS WILL BE SORTED AND EVALUATED CONCERNING THEIR UTILITY TO POSSIBLE FUTURE READERS. THEY WILL BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY, AND THE ENTIRE SET RETURNED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS WERE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROJECT. EXAMPLES DISCUSSED IN THIS REPORT ARE--FORMS USED FOR ABSTRACTING, INDEXING, SELECTION OF RESEARCH MATERIALS, EDITING, AND LIAISON. (JC)

To support studies in automatic indexing, classification and extracting, a general purpose frequency program was developed to further theoretical and practical understanding of text word distributions. While the program is primarily designed for counting strings of character-oriented data, it can be used without change for counting any items which can be represented in an integral number of characters. Counts may be obtained simultaneously at several levels of detail, such as for sentences, paragraphs, chapters and entire documents. Both printed outputs and outputs for further computer processing may be obtained, and a variety of summary and detailed outputs are available. The program, titled FRQNCY, is written in the Fortran IV language and was compiled and run on the IBM System/360 using Fortran IV (G) and the System/360 Operating System. It uses at least one feature of the IBM System/360 Fortran IV language (LOGICAL*1 and INTEGER*2 variables) which is not in USASI Fortran and hence may not compile or run under other Fortran systems. The program is extensively parametrized to allow its efficient use on computers with varying amounts of immediate-access storage and input/output equipment. The report is a complete writeup of the frequency program. It covers the purpose and usage of the program and also describes its organization and internal operation. Guidelines for modifying the program or adapting it to different computers are included. (Author)

Condensed literature would provide more varied information than do documents because more terse statements can be read. It would also function as surrogates for documents unread for lack of time, language, or access. (MF)

Recommendations are made for the guidance of authors and editors, so that abstracts in primary documents may be both helpful to their readers and reproducible with little or no change in secondary publications and services. (Author/MF)

Part 1: On Using Library and Information Science Abstracts 1969" is written by Allan Whatley and Part 2: The Case for LISA's Present Arrangement" is by Tom Edwards. (NH)

The abstracts obtained so far are of sufficiently good quality to indicate that large-scale testing of the methods of the automatic abstracting system is warranted. (Author/MM)

In the field of United States history, the influence of abstracting and indexing services upon the use of serial literature, because of the highly inadequate retrospective and util recently, current access they afford to it, can only be regarded as a negative use. (Author)

Provision of abstracts-in-source for all articles in library and information science journals is proposed. Standards for the bibliographical format of abstracts should be compiled by the American National Standards Institute. Keywords for indexing-in-source of abstracts should be taken from a thesaurus of library and information science to be compiled. (19 references) (Author/NH)

The literature review disclosed that paying for library information services is not common. A sound basis for determining the costs of the services or charges for them does not exist. There are indications that large operating centers are becoming concerned with costs and cost-accounting to establish realistic fees. (Editor/JS)

FID and NFAIS are jointly preparing a machine readable inventory of information for computer publication as a directory to abstracting services of the world. The kinds of data recorded by the Services are described. A progress report and plans for the future are included. (9 references) (Author/DH)

English has become the primary language of most information retrieval tools. This makes it almost impossible for the non-English speaking world to take advantage of American abstracting and indexing services. One solution to this problem is to use the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as a switching language. (Author/DH)

The need for and probable use of a comprehensive abstract journal in educational research is called for as indicated by educational researchers' frequent use of the journal article, as opposed to the technical report, as a source of information. (AM)

In a sample of 25 political science journals, indexing information given by Ulrich's was found to be inadequate. (PF)