Search

This paper explores the use of publications and patents and their covariates among small, knowledge-based firms pursuing technology commercialization. It does so through an empirical examination of 1180 small firms' R&D projects, all of which were funded through Phase II U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards. As such, the paper responds to recent calls to investigate not only how small, knowledge-based firms utilize specific IP strategies but also how accretive logic specifically differs from competitive publishing and patenting logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine how different modes of knowledge flows affect the changes of asset specificity and how ownership control moderates the relationship between knowledge flows and asset specificity in the open innovation paradigm. Design/methodology/approach: This paper selects information technology outsourcing as the research base. It uses the feasible weighted least squares modeling method for its analysis and has collected the data from 2,369 research and development contracts of multinational vendor firms in China. Findings: The coupled and outbound knowledge flows have a direct and positive effect on asset specificity. Moreover, the results show that weak corporate control has significant moderating effects on the relationship between both coupled and outbound knowledge flows and asset specificity; the strong control positively moderates the relationship between outbound knowledge flows and asset specificity. Practical implications: In open innovation, firms build a higher degree of asset specificity to maximize the efficiency of knowledge flows, which then helps them to enhance innovation capacity and market performance. Originality/value: Preceding studies have tended to examine the influences of asset specificity as an independent variable in a closed innovation paradigm. Asset specificity is hence often left as the antecedent "black box." This paper, however, opens the "black box" of asset specificity, which is set as a dependent variable, by investigating the influences of knowledge flows on the asset specificity in the context of open innovation. It also reinterprets the role of asset specificity by adopting the lens of open innovation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of property management, the services provided by providers include technological products (e.g., identification and monitoring systems for entrances and exits and electronic toll collection identification systems), administrative services (e.g., financial preparation production and public equipment maintenance), and activities related to the establishment of personal relationships (e.g., tourism events and networking dinners). In the property management industry, the switching cost is a common actions adopted to bind customers by providing services, products, and technology and thus obtain a competitive advantage in the market. For example, an independent financial statement generation system that is incompatible with the systems of competing providers can be used to establish a strong relationship with customers and consolidate a service provider’s status. However, satisfactory instrumental performance alone does not satisfy customers, because the most crucial considerations for customers involve psychological performance (Swan & Combs, 1976). According to the satisfaction model of self-determination theory, high satisfaction only occurs when an individual perceives that his or her intrinsic needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness needs are satisfied (Baard et al., 2004). Service providers often use a switching cost as a tool that binds customers when their satisfaction has decreased. External absorptive capacity generally refers to the ability of companies to acquire general knowledge generated outside the environment and from external partners such as customers, suppliers, competitors, research institutions, and consultants (Mariano & Al-Arrayed, 2018; Peeters et al., 2014; Song et al., 2018; Yang & Tsai, 2019). Therefore, high absorptive capacity enables service providers to evaluate and adjust external knowledge to generate new ideas (Nag & Gioia, 2012; Fabrizio, 2009; Yang & Tsai, 2019) and use the knowledge as a mechanism for using the switching-cost binding effect to delay the effect of reduced satisfaction on intention to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of both university spillovers and firms' absorptive capacities on firms' financial performance, using a multilevel approach. Considering internal firm characteristics as well as external regional characteristics, our results clearly show that university spillovers do not have a per se stimulating effect. It is the interaction between firms' absorptive capacities and local university spillovers, which proves to have a positive and significant effect on firms' economic performance. We further find that there is an optimal level of absorptive capacities, implying that 'a more the better' logic does not apply. Our findings give impetus to a call for more comprehensive public policy strategies. Policy makers have to balance the support provided to knowledge producing regional actors such as universities as well as knowledge exploiting actors such as knowledge-based firms to leverage local resources and ultimately create economic value within regional innovation systems by enabling efficient technology transfer processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: A broad approach to the SME sector causes that small and medium-sized enterprises are active in all segments of the economy. Each segment is characterized by a certain way of doing a business and thus financing it. Therefore, an important issue for the small and medium-sized entities is to provide both liquidity and continuity of financing and access to such sources of financing that will allow the implementation of innovative projects since innovation affects the pace and direction of development of the specific economic entity as well as significantly indicates the forms and structure of business cooperation. Aim: The aim of the article is to analyze the extent to which the various sources of financing are used by small and medium-sized enterprises in the implementation of innovative projects, and to show the relationship between external sources of financing and the level of expenditure on innovation of SMEs in Poland. Results: The analysis was based on examining the dependence of the scale of innovative activity of enterprises in the SME sector in Poland on the possibility of using not only own funds, but also funds from external sources, the use of which by small and medium-sized enterprises is still too low and is often limited to EU funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to advance the understanding of employees' individual-level absorptive capacity by examining the mechanisms of three dimensions of their work outcomes: contextual performance, citizenship behaviors toward customers and service sabotage. Drawing on the theory of psychological ownership, the author theorized and assessed how employees' individual-level absorptive capacity predicts different facets of employees' work outcomes through psychological ownership. Design/methodology/approach: Multisource data were collected from 334 subordinates from the hospitality industry in Taiwan over two time periods. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling, the results of which indicated that employees' individual-level absorptive capacity was positively related to psychological ownership. Findings: Psychological ownership positively predicted contextual performance and citizenship behaviors toward customers; however, it was negatively associated with service sabotage. Finally, it was found to mediate the effects of employees' individual-level absorptive capacity on contextual performance, citizenship behaviors toward customers and service sabotage. Originality/value: This study contributed to understanding the relationship between individual-level absorptive capacity and shaping perceptions of service workers and provided several theoretical implications for absorptive capacity and tourism literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the nature and scope of existing social capital is essential to building the resilience of people living in vulnerable urban settings. This paper explores the question of how aid organisations can better utilise social capital to build the resilience of communities in slums. It specifically examines the relationship between social capital and urban vulnerability. The study used a mixed-methods approach to understand the diverse perspectives of social capital and uncover relationships that exist between social capital, absorptive and adaptive coping strategies in Kibera and Kawangware slums in Nairobi, Kenya. The findings show that coping is not a community or a societal issue; people living in slums resort to either absorptive or adaptive coping strategies or a combination of both due to the precariousness of livelihoods in such contexts. Measures of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in slums are significantly associated with adaptive coping strategies. Families that had more dependents, were taking care of ill members or that had no regular source of income were more likely to resort to withdrawing children from school, begging, selling assets, amongst others. Livelihood studies overlook critical aspects of social capital such as bridges and linkages, which are essential for building the transformative capacities of slum dwellers. Therefore, aid actors should focus on social capital if they are to build the capacities of people living in slums. More attention should be given to the role of local organisations and initiatives in establishing bridges and linkages so as not to undermine communities' existing capacities and resource base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I analyze the impact of the formation of universal banks on corporate investment by looking at the gradual dismantling of the Glass-Steagall Act's separation between commercial and investment banking. Using a sample of US firms and their relationship banks, I show that firms curtail debt issuance and investment after positive shocks to the underwriting capacity of their main bank. This result is driven by unrated firms and is strongest immediately after a shock. These findings suggest that universal banks may pay more attention to large firms providing more underwriting opportunities while exacerbating financial constraints of opaque firms, in line with a shift to a banking model based on transactional lending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional macroeconomic stabilization policies seek to moderate swings in economic activity through measures that primarily augment aggregate demand. Such measures are, however, inadequate in mitigating the comprehensive effects of crisis such as the COVID-19, which affects both the demand and supply sides of the economy. Moreover, monetary policies are presently close to a liquidity trap combined with weakened transmission links to the real economy. Fiscal policies have been reactivated, albeit in an ad hoc and experimental manner. Based on a literature review and the policy responses following the COVID-19 crisis, the objective is to present a modified and extended framework for stabilization policies. In particular, the importance of microeconomic supply-side measures that promote entrepreneurial processes and knowledge-upgrading efforts are emphasized. Furthermore, a coherent realigning of policies at the micro- and macro-levels is argued to enhance the potential for long-term growth and to facilitate the restructuring of an economy that normally follows a crisis. Plain English Summary: The COVID-19 crisis makes traditional stabilization policies obsolete. Reinstate the market and redirect policy from interest rates and unconditional state support toward providing employees and firms with adequate knowledge for future challenges. Traditional crises policies seek to moderate swings in economic activity by primarily lowering interest rates and increase governmental expenditure to stimulate demand and economic activity. However, the effectiveness of both of these measures has been questioned, in particular, further reductions in already extremely low-interest rates. The present COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of taking firms, entrepreneurs, trade, etc., into account, i.e., the supply side of the economy. It is argued that traditional policies should partly be replaced by measures targeting entrepreneurial processes, firm growth, innovation, and knowledge upgrading. Corporate taxes should be used to increase firms' crisis resilience, increase investment, and encourage start-ups, while state support should be conditioned on employees engaging in knowledge upgrading. Hence, the main conclusion of this study is that such redirection of policies will more effectively level out swings in the business cycle, increase the potential for long-term growth, and make it easier for employees and firms to adjust to new economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although effective supplier communication has been suggested as a crucial approach for enhancing supply chain quality and innovation, research on how and under what conditions it affects performance is still in its evolving domain, especially in emerging and turbulence markets. Using the knowledge-based view, this study suggests that supplier communication and knowledge development can be complementary assets to enhance firm innovation and quality performance. Using empirical data collected from 165 manufacturing plants in Vietnam, this study exerted that supplier communication practices alone might not be enough for quality and innovation improvements. The results indicated that supplier knowledge development acts as a mediator in realising supplier collaboration for improving both new product development and quality performance. The findings highlight the importance of leveraging supplier external technical knowledge and implementing innovation processes for quality and innovation improvements. Besides, in a more turbulence environment, supplier communication strengthens the positive impact on supplier knowledge development on quality conformance and innovation. By including both supplier knowledge development and supplier communication, this paper adds greater comprehensiveness and richness to the relationship between quality and knowledge management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally the occurrence of disasters has increased more than fourfold during the last three decades. The main concern for the healthcare system responding to a disaster is its ability to deal with the sudden influx of patients and maintaining a certain level of surge capacity. Health workers are considered to be the major driving force behind any health system. Their role gets even more prominent during disasters or public health emergencies. With the lack of information on the health workforce in the tertiary healthcare system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where most of the disaster surge is diverted, it is difficult to plan and respond to accommodate the sudden surge of patients.Methods: This was a mixed method cross-sectional survey conducted in all the tertiary care hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan to assess the current staffing situation and surge capacity based on the current workload. Annual service statistics of 2018 were collected from all the tertiary care hospitals of the province. WISN was piloted with only one healthcare staff category, i.e., for doctors in Ayub Teaching Hospital before assessment in all the tertiary care hospitals was undertaken.Results: Overall, there were 1215 surplus doctors in medical and allied specialties and 861 doctors in surgical and allied specialties in the tertiary healthcare system. The health care system has an acute shortage of 565 emergency department doctors. The tertiary healthcare system of KP has an overall shortage of 1099 nurses. Based on the WISN generated numbers for doctors, the tertiary care system of KP has a combined healthcare staff (doctors and nurses) that can manage an additional surge of 6.3% of patients with the current patient workload.Conclusion: The tertiary health care system of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan does not possess the required ≥ 20% HR surge capacity indicating that the tertiary healthcare system is poorly prepared for disasters or public health emergencies. The lack of nursing staff, more than the doctors, is the major reason behind the lack of HR surge capacity of the tertiary health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diagnose how accelerators contribute to the development of international competencies in startups and to verify which are the main international digital and entrepreneurial competencies developed in an acceleration environment. Method: We use herein a qualitative approach, in which content analysis was chosen as methodological technique. The data were collected from managers of startup accelerators located in the city of São Paulo (state of São Paulo) and Vitória (state of Espírito Santo). Main results: The research results indicate that business accelerators develop international digital and born global competencies in startups. The findings also indicate that certain competencies can be more refined than others in the acceleration process and are concomitantly linked to the main pillars of the accelerators. Relevance/originality: This study brings three new emerging categories to literature on startups: Contracts, Finance, and Big data/Data science. Theoretical contributions: Business accelerators are predecessor agents in the process of developing international competencies and capabilities. Their role in the innovation ecosystem is to promote strategic innovation and organizational knowledge. Managerial contributions: We present herein the necessary knowledge and competencies for an early-stage company to explore global markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms on the market may differ in their capabilities to transform and exploit knowledge, which may cause a differential effect on profits, urging companies to explore diverse pathways from their resources and capabilities base to performance improvements. This article suggests that tangible resources and knowledge integration capabilities as determinants of knowledge creation. This path enables the emergence of new capabilities, helps build competitive advantages and improves the economic performance of firms. We worked with quantitative data made up of 2,093 Colombian manufacturing companies and ran multiple linear regressions to test our hypothesis. The results suggest that tangible resources are critical precursors of knowledge creation, highlighting the importance of assets and human management processes within firms. We also found evidence to endorse the integration of knowledge capabilities because they influence the ability of firms to exploit knowledge. Finally, we found that the reconfiguration capability influences knowledge creation within firms. Our findings support the role of organizational leaders in managing transformation processes by effectively combining these resources and capabilities to bring about new knowledge and exploit it for profit generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how economic policy uncertainty impacts the likelihood of mergers and acquisitions as an exit route for startups. Our results show that an increase in policy uncertainty reduces the likelihood of mergers and acquisitions in startups. We argue that EPU negatively impacts the likelihood of M&A activity by increasing both the risk premium for the target firms and the cost of developing the absorptive capacity for the acquirer firm. However, startups that can build competitive advantage and can demonstrate innovative capabilities through the presence of intellectual property are more likely to exit via merger and acquisition, even in high policy uncertainty. Our results are robust after controlling for macro-level indicators and other model specifications. The study contributes to the growing literature that examines the impact of policy uncertainty on various aspects related to businesses in general and startups in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Higher education institutions possess a plethora of knowledge at the institutional, departmental and individual levels. Therefore, knowledge management plays a vital role in assisting partnerships to synergise knowledge and strengthen market competitiveness when working collaboratively. The purpose of this study is to identify and critically discuss the role of knowledge management concepts that support development of UK higher education partnerships. This knowledge management research was undertaken with the purpose of exploring components of behavioural constructs in assisting the development of successful partnerships between higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach: This research embraces a qualitative methodology and makes use of an expert panel method to gather field data and assess the relevance, robustness and applicability of a conceptual model developed in the context of higher education partnerships. Guided by two research questions, the researchers elicited knowledge from eight experts, academics and practitioners, who had initiated and led partnership development between UK higher education institutions. The experts were invited and selected to attend the panel using the criteria of "Years of Experience in the Higher Education sector", "Job Positions and Experiences" and the "Partnership Scope and Impact". Findings: Depicting in a tree analogy, the conceptual model indicates that effective knowledge management will require higher education executives, managers and practitioners to centre on nurturing "tree roots" presented as behavioural knowledge management constructs and include institutional culture, trust, absorptive capacities and communication channels. The research findings elaborate on previous research and provide a categorisation of partnership outcomes between higher education institutions, explaining that partnership outcomes can be of an "Academic", "Marketing and Finance" or "Managerial" nature. Importantly, practical use of the model could be implemented using audit methods or benchmarking methods, whereby the categorised elements of the model are used as a criterion of assessment for audit teams. Originality/value: The conclusion extracted experiential insights to provide guidance as to how higher education executives, managers and practitioners can make use of knowledge management behavioural constructs and activities to assist collaborative undertakings in the higher education sector. This paper provided a new, modified, knowledge management higher education partnership tree, thus giving researchers and academic practitioners a holistic viewpoint of important partnership knowledge management factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to adopt a mixed-methods approach (accounting and business data) to analyse the effects of the financial institution's governance on both the knowledge of social responsibility and the consumer's attitudes and behaviours, and testing the moderating role of the brand identification in the banking sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this concept has been neglected in previous studies. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from a sample of 600 respondents in two major Tunisian cities. Participants were selected on the basis of a convenience sampling in which the structural equation modelling method was adopted through SMART PLS 3.0 software. Findings: The results showed that good corporate governance has a positive influence on the knowledge of the company's social responsibility, which positively influences its brand image. Therefore, the company's brand image positively influences the customer's satisfaction, which positively influences the recommending behaviour of the financial institutions in the COVID-19 era. However, the brand identification has no moderating effect. Practical implications: Managers of financial institutions are advised to pay particular attention to good corporate governance, as it is mandatory for these companies to assume social responsibility and make it known to clients. Therefore, it is obvious to create a good image in the mind of the consumers to satisfy them to recommend the company in question. It is interesting to mobilise the period of health crisis (COVID-19) to create a favourable attitude among the customers because they are sensitive when evaluating and ranking financial institutions according to the relationships that exist especially during this period. Originality/value: In fact, there are many studies that dealt with the banking sector. Some of them dealt with the sector through the institutional accounting section while others dealt with the sector through the commercial and marketing section. Therefore, the first contribution of this research is to test a mixed model made up of accounting and commercial data. This model is among the first to determine the effects of the financial institution's governance on the knowledge of social responsibility and on the consumer's attitude and behaviour to test the moderating role of brand identification in the banking sector. The second contribution is to test this model in a period of health crisis (COVID-19). The third contribution is the use of a mixed sample of data collected from two regions. Then, the fourth contribution is the addition of tests for the verification, robustness and validation of the results obtained. Finally, the fifth contribution is the addition of control variables to test their effects on the research model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to draw upon social cognitive theory to develop a conceptual framework of four types of factors: individual, social, organisational and cultural that influence an individual's knowledge sharing behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: Data from 298 employees in Myanmar's banking industry were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Findings: The results reveal that an individual's absorptive capacity, trust and social interaction significantly impact knowledge-sharing behaviour. Additionally, the study found the moderating influence of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism in examining the impact of absorptive capacity, trust and social interaction on knowledge sharing behaviour. Research limitations/implications: Future research may consider other dimensions of cultural dimensions, and extending the model by adding outcomes of knowledge sharing behaviour such as innovation or productivity could also be considered. Practical implications: Organisations need to consider absorptive capacity in the recruitment process, increase trust and social interaction among employees, promote knowledge-sharing opportunities and collectivism to promote knowledge-sharing behaviour. Originality/value: The study's distinctive contribution is the Myanmar bank sector's under-researched context for investigating the reverse relationship between absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing behaviour. The moderating effects of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism ignored mainly in the knowledge sharing literature were investigated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencias Administrativas is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Many firms struggle to implement strategies that can successfully enhance the environmental sustainability of their processes. Drawing on the theories of green intellectual capital and complementary assets, this study develops a model describing the mechanism whereby firms can translate a green (i.e., environmental) strategy into a superior green process innovation performance (GPIP). Design/methodology/approach: Regression analysis of multi-source survey data collected from 514 managers at 257 firms (257 top management members and 257 safety or environmental managers) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: A firm's green strategic intent has positive effects on the three aspects of green intellectual capital (i.e., human, organizational and relational capital). In turn, these three aspects have positive effects on GPIP. Moreover, green organizational capital positively moderates the effect of green relational capital on GPIP, whereas it negatively moderates the effect of human capital on GPIP. Research limitations/implications: In order to implement a green strategy successfully, especially in polluted industries such as the chemical industry, managers need to develop not only the firm's tangible resources but also its intangible resources. The more they invest in green organizational capital, the higher the level of GPIP that can be achieved. On average, a firm's green human capital is more important than its organizational and relational capital. Moreover, its organizational capital helps capture the benefits of its relational capital, but it impairs the creativity of its human capital. Originality/value: The authors contribute to the literature on green strategy implementation by suggesting that green intellectual capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between a firm's green strategic intent and GPIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature suggests that macroeconomic and institutional factors are the drivers of currency substitution. The persistent and significant incidence of currency substitution during the period of mixed performance of macroeconomic variables suggests the existence of a knowledge gap on the drivers of currency substitution during the era of rapid technological innovation. To contribute to this literature, we augmented the traditional money demand model of the determinants of currency substitution to introduce financial innovation. We use Nigerian data from 2005Q1 to 2019Q4 and Pesaran et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616) autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach to cointegration to estimate the models. The results confirm the presence of short‐run and long‐run relationships between financial technology and currency substitution in Nigeria. In effect, the deployment of financial technology in developing payment system infrastructure creates additional incentives for economic agents to hold foreign currency deposit. Economic managers must, therefore, mainstream credible monetary and fiscal policies to moderate the effect of financial innovation on currency substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries affect firms' competitiveness in international markets through quality upgrading of export? Using highly disaggregated Chinese product level data and the firm level information on overseas investment from 2000 to 2006, we attempt to provide an answer to this question. We employ the propensity score matching approach and difference‐in‐differences specification to deal with the sample selection bias and the potentially endogenous problem in inferring the causal effect of OFDI on quality upgrading. The results reveal that investment abroad could significantly push China export up on quality ladders. The firms with OFDI have higher quality products when compared with the firms remaining invest in their home country at product‐export destination level. This quality upgrading effect is more pronounced where firms export to high‐income countries. Furthermore, we show that the learning mechanism works and the absorptive ability of firms could reinforce the quality upgrading effect of OFDI. The learning mechanism also works for the firms with difference OFDI strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual article uses dynamic capability theory in small family firms with an aim to provide insights into the market orientation–innovation relationship. The research article synthesizes existing findings from the existing literature on the streams of strategy, marketing and family firms, and proposes an integrated theoretical framework comprising market orientation, potential absorptive capacity, realized absorptive capacity, explorative and exploitation innovation. Furthermore, it addresses existing research questions on the links among constructs and proposes several relationships that may advance current organizational innovation literature. This research article initiates the process of empirical examination of small family firms' innovation process through this theoretical model. The dynamic capability theory adopted here provides managers with the knowledge on the market orientation–innovation process relationship and dimensions of absorptive capacity that are important for initiating and successfully adopting the innovation process. This research article also fulfils the identified gap in the literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first that brings together and applies research findings from the strategy and marketing literature in small firms' context and proposes an integrated approach to understand the market orientation–innovation relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to describe how knowledge management (KM) in planning can support the sustainability of innovation in a hybrid, joint-use facility. The case study research studies ImaginOn, a 15 year-old children's library and theater for young people in Charlotte, NC. Design/methodology/approach: This research used KM model analysis of qualitative data about tacit-explicit knowledge, intellectual capital (IC) and cognitive modes of collaboration. Both historic documents and primary data (from field study observations, interviews and a questionnaire) were analyzed for informal KM practices. Semi-structured and unstructured interview questions about innovation were used. Findings: This study found evidence of tacit knowledge sharing, the growth of IC and the operationalization of collaboration to promote innovation. Although traditional KM terms were not used by staff, an integrated model framework demonstrates how KM practices promote innovation in planning joint-use facilities. Practical implications: Although a study of a diverse cultural collaboration rather than two libraries, the KM practices that supported innovation and collaboration in this hybrid, joint-use facility might be applied to libraries. Future KM model research on joint-use organizations could investigate merged businesses, government programs and non-profits. Social implications: The library and theater institutions in ImaginOn impact the lives of children and parents in meaningful ways that support community understanding, art, diversity and social interaction. Originality/value: Research on joint-use libraries began in the 1960s. This case study provides unique model analysis of KM practices in a hybrid, joint-use facility (a library and theater). The innovative success and sustainability of ImaginOn illustrates the application of KM for strategic planning and aligning IC and business assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer satisfaction information (CSI) is of great relevance for customer-oriented and service-led organisations, where customer experience is highly associated with the in-use phase of products and services. This paper explores how firms turn customer satisfaction information into knowledge and actions in a manner that enables service improvements. Based on a study of 24 organisations in six different service sectors, this study investigates CSI usage with respect to absorptive capacity. The paper concludes that efficient CSI usage requires multiple sources of customer satisfaction data that need to be used broadly in the organisation by creating accountability of employees across the organisation, rather than CSI being an issue for the communication function. To release this potential, CSI usage requires mechanisms that reside within the organisation, including ensuring actionability of initiatives, assignment of responsibility for actions and follow up, and providing incentives to mobilise change support. Further, the paper shows that in order to fully understand CSI, research must move beyond focusing on processes and activities to study the underlying capacities needed to release the potential of CSI to serve as a basis for service improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain managers are responsible for making decisions regarding supply chain risk in order to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that leverages the individual-level knowledge-based view perspective to understand the process through which risk mitigation orientation of the supply chain manager contributes to his/her absorptive capacity. A supply chain manager’s absorptive capacity, in turn, enhances his/her ability to effectively mitigate supply chain risk. Study findings demonstrate that supply chain managers with high-risk mitigation orientation have greater level of absorptive capacity which enhances their risk mitigation competency. This study represents the first development and testing of a model that examines individual-level knowledge management factors that affect supply chain risk mitigation competency. This research emphasises the importance of the individual supply chain manager in managing risk and illustrates how theoretical perspectives from the knowledge management, supply chain risk and organisational behaviour literature can be fruitfully adopted to explain behaviour in the field of supply chain risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just as a balance sheet provides a measure of an organization's financial resilience, it is possible to develop accepted measures of operational resilience for government organizations, and social economic and environmental resilience for nations. Sustainable development was most famously defined by the UN's Brundtland Commission ([4]) as 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. [Extracted from the article]

Construction economics of plant roots exhibit predictable relationships with root growth, death, and nutrient uptake strategies. Plant taxa with inexpensively constructed roots tend to more precisely explore nutrient hotspots than do those with costly constructed roots but at the price of more frequent tissue turnover. This trade-off underlies an acquisitive to conservative continuum in resource investment, described as the "root economics spectrum (RES)." Yet the adaptive role and genetic basis of RES remain largely unclear. Different ecotypes of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) display root features exemplifying the RES, with costly constructed roots in southern lowland and inexpensively constructed roots in northern upland ecotypes. We used an outbred genetic mapping population derived from lowland and upland switchgrass ecotypes to examine the genetic architecture of the RES. We found that absorptive roots (distal first and second orders) were often "deciduous" in winter. The percentage of overwintering absorptive roots was decreased by northern upland alleles compared with southern lowland alleles, suggesting a locally-adapted conservative strategy in warmer and acquisitive strategy in colder regions. Relative turnover of absorptive roots was genetically negatively correlated with their biomass investment per unit root length, suggesting that the key trade-off in framing RES is genetically facilitated. We also detected strong genetic correlations among root morphology, root productivity, and shoot size. Overall, our results reveal the genetic architecture of multiple traits that likely impacts the evolution of RES and plant aboveground-belowground organization. In practice, we provide genetic evidence that increasing switchgrass yield for bioenergy does not directly conflict with enhancing its root-derived carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify the determinants of the marketing and managerial knowledge transfer from a foreign subsidiary located in a post-transition country to its headquarters established in a developed country. Design/methodology/approach: The authors combined the critical literature studies and empirical research, where the method of Computer-assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) was applied. The empirical data was gathered from 231 manufacturing foreign subsidiaries established in Poland (as one of the post-transition economy). To test the hypotheses logistic regression was applied. Findings: The knowledge accumulated in the foreign subsidiary, the amount and level of novelty of innovation in the foreign subsidiary and its strategic autonomy is crucial for the occurrence of the reverse knowledge transfer. However, the more powerful the foreign subsidiary is, the less eager it is to transfer marketing and managerial knowledge to the headquarters. Research limitations/implications: The study is concentrated just on the manufacturing sector in the Polish economy. The results are based on the opinions and perception of managers, but they represent the corporate perspective (not their individual ones). Practical implications: The study provokes asking the question about the proper level of strategic autonomy of a foreign subsidiary. The implication related to the autonomy is much about the proper strategy for human resources management. The obtained results indicate that the intensity of innovation in a foreign subsidiary "translates" to the outflow of knowledge from a foreign subsidiary to its headquarters. Thus, encourages headquarters to let their subsidiaries innovate still monitoring their power. Social implications: FSs are entities more or less embedded in the host markets, thus their strength and sustainable existence is important for their stakeholders, in particular – internal entities such as employees and external entities such as suppliers, and other cooperating organisations and institutions in the host market. The contribution of FSs to the innovation performance and knowledge pool of external partners is determined much by their absorptive capacity. Thus, the results obtained indirectly point to the importance of external agents ability to absorb and exploit the knowledge. Originality/value: The originality of the paper concerns three issues. Firstly, the previous studies are mainly focused on either developed or emerging markets and as a result, the peculiarity of post-transition economies, like Poland has been neglected. Secondly, the determinants of reverse knowledge transfer are presented from the corporate perspective. Thirdly, authors focus on marketing and management knowledge distributed from a foreign subsidiary to its headquarter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is by drawing on signaling theory to address the need for more investigation into the conceptual underpinnings of sponsorships by investigating and seeking to understand sponsorship objectives, opinions and practices, with a focus on smaller organisations. Design/methodology/approach: This empirical study contributes to the literature through researched findings from German respondents and a critical evaluation of literature relating to the impact of sports sponsorship on SMEs within local German communities. Findings: Drawing on signalling theory and extant studies, the following four categories of SME sport sponsorship activities are proposed: value-based connections, social engagement, recognition and bonding. Research limitations/implications: Sponsor, sponsee and dyadic antecedents have increased in both sophistication and complexity, resulting in expected positive consumer outcomes as the justification for marketing communication investments. Practical implications: Sponsorship has evolved from short-term philanthropic activities to long-term strategic alliances involving billions of dollars of annual spending globally. Social implications: SME companies have certain local opportunities that larger multinational corporations cannot replicate. Originality/value: No study to date has provided researchers with a framework to understand sports sponsorship from an SME perspective. This paper contributes to the theories and practice of sport sponsorship, drawing on signalling theory and extant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tests how different types of government funding affect the recovery of zombie enterprises in the manufacturing sector of China. The results show that funding for production and innovation can revive zombie enterprises in expanding industries, while funding for interest cannot. Furthermore, funding for production and innovation can share costs, increase investment in selling or innovation, and promote the scaling down of businesses through external governance effects, helping zombie enterprises to recover. Finally, none of the funding types can revive zombie enterprises in contracting industries; these can recover only through access to larger overseas markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the institutional complexities associated with the design and implementation of a natural resource fund for innovation. Design/methodology/approach: This study examines the case of Chile's Innovation Fund for Competitiveness by means of a historical approach building on interviews with key informants. Findings: The proper functioning of a natural resource fund for innovation requires efficient institutional and operational structures, as well as strong coordination with innovation system actors. In particular, the case of Chile highlights the challenges inherent in adopting a regional approach when implementing this type of strategy, due to the institutional voids that hamper the role of regional governments in emerging countries. Originality/value: Natural resource funds for innovation constitute a strategic mechanism for developing the innovative capabilities necessary to enhance the competitiveness of resource-rich emerging countries. This is one of the first studies addressing the institutional challenges involved in setting up this kind of fund in practice, focusing on one of the most relevant and longstanding examples from Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines that rush towards electric vehicles has fuelled homegrown battery technology in the Great Britain. Topics include considered that it ranges from basic research and near-market developments to major investments such as the recent expansion of Nissan's battery production in Sunderland.

Purpose: While strategic alliances is a concept increasingly discussed in the field of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), an emerging and more crucial concept regarding alliances—namely, the alliance portfolio—is mostly ignored in the SSCM context. Mainly drawing on the categorisation–elaboration model (CEM), this research develops a three-layer model to explore the effects of three alliance portfolio diversity facets on the three triple-bottom-line SSCM performances through the mediation of sustainability collaboration. Design/methodology/approach: The field data are collected from 321 Vietnamese manufacturers. Scale accuracy is assessed through the confirmatory factor analysis method. Hierarchical linear regressions are applied to test the proposed model and hypotheses. Findings: Partner, governance, and functional alliance portfolio diversities have a U-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and positive linear effect, respectively, on sustainability collaboration. Sustainability collaboration is in turn found to enhance the SSCM performances in terms of economic, environmental, and social. Originality/value: This research introduced a new theoretical lens, CEM, to the SSCM field. It also provided findings that can help firms to manage their alliance portfolios more dynamically in terms of the nature and diversity level of the portfolio and in a way that adds to the triple bottom line through the mediating effect of sustainability collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The pivotal role of knowledge management (KM) and its extensive implications have been debated in the academic literature with insufficient focus on its link to particular organizational control mechanisms such as performance measurement systems (PMS). To bridge this gap and building on resource orchestration theory, this paper aims to investigate the relationships between KM factors, PMS and corporate performance. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a survey data set of 92 listed companies in Iran, the framework and hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS). Findings: The SEM-PLS results indicate that knowledge assets are significantly associated with both PMS and corporate performance while knowledge process capabilities (KPC) are not significantly associated with PMS and corporate performance. This study also shows that PMS mediates the relationship between knowledge assets and corporate performance. Practical implications: The results suggest that the use of appropriate management control systems plays an effective role in synchronizing, aligning and orchestrating a company's various knowledge resources, which, in turn, can lead to superior overall performance. Originality/value: Building on a unique synthesis of resource orchestration theory and the knowledge-based view of the firm, the results of this study provide the first empirical evidence on how PMS intervenes in the relationship between knowledge resources (knowledge assets and KPC) and corporate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1984, the European Union (EU) has supported research and development activities covering almost all scientific disciplines through a series of multi‐annual Framework Programmes. The current programme is Horizon 2020. Common across the key indicators of research project performance have been actions by companies, including introduce and test innovations new to the company or the market. Initiatives to achieve these objectives require researchers to generate transdisciplinary knowledge in partnership with practitioners as co‐researchers. This paper reflects on the authors' experience of engaging in five EU‐funded complex applied research projects over 20 years. The paper locates the process of the five projects in network action learning and Mode 2 knowledge production. It offers a theoretical framework expressed in three hypotheses to guide those who design and implement projects, those who approve and provide funding, and those who exploit and build upon the resulting research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how and when entrepreneurial orientation (EO) enhances alliance performance by considering knowledge integration as a critical mediator and bonding as an important contingency of the mediation effect. We test this moderated mediation framework using a sample of 410 alliance firms (based on a total of 820 respondents). Our results show that knowledge integration fully mediates the relationship between EO and alliance performance and that this indirect effect is stronger at a high level of bonding. Overall, we contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by revealing how firms translate their EO‐based strategies into positive alliance outcomes through knowledge integration and when this indirect effect is most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article draws on the consideration that, especially after the Second World War, economics started favouring its alliance with technical reason, loosening its previous ties with practical reason. In so doing, the discipline has considerably developed its technical-analytical apparatus, but at the price of diminishing its capacity to come to grip grips with the most intriguing problems of present-day reality. It is a fact that technical advancements may offer answers, but are unable to ask the right questions. The reductionist stance of mainstream economics is put to a test in regard to two areas of inquiry: finance theory and the economics of happiness paradox. The thesis defended is that an axiological re-orientation of economic science is urgently required. To this end, the proposal of the civil economy paradigm, as an alternative to the political economy one, is put forward. The suggestion is that the civil economy perspective represents a viable route to overcome the serious aporias of the discipline, that jeopardize its scientific and social relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of better technologies is a crucial way for developing countries to close productivity gaps with leading economies. However, the possibility of growing through technological adoption depends decisively on the country's absorptive capacity. We build a theoretical model of technology adoption that focuses on four factors that shape the countries' technological absorptive capacity, namely: (i) years of education; (ii) quality of the educational system; (iii) barriers that impede the entry and exit of firms; and (iv) the institutions that enhance or impede the diffusion of new technologies. We calibrate the model for a sample of 86 economies. The USA is our benchmark leading economy. We disentangle the relative weight of each development factor in explaining per capita income differences and study patterns in relationships between the type of development barrier and the level of development. Our results show that in relative terms, years of education and education system quality along with high barriers to opening new firms are the main impediments that middle- to high-income economies face in closing the gap with the USA. Education as a whole (quality plus years of education) explains 50% of the gap between high-income countries (HICs) and the USA, while the entry costs account for nearly 25% of this gap. A remarkable result is the small effect that individual reforms have on steady-state productivity in low-income countries (LICs). Outside of institutional framework, the remaining three factors are individually responsible for less than 15% of the gap. This result is explained by poor global absorptive capacity that reduces the effect of each factor when implemented individually. In fact, there are significant nonlinearities between development level and the effects of individual reforms, which are due to the strong complementarities between the different development factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given ever-increasing engagement of firms in corporate environmentalism over the past few decades, a multitude of studies investigated the antecedents and consequences of corporate environmentalism. Extant studies exploring the consequences of corporate environmentalism predominantly measured its effects on firm performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study thus far has explored whether or not the key pro-environmental initiatives pertaining to corporate environmentalism carried out by industrial firms have any effect on market-based assets, namely, brand value. This study endeavored to address this gap in the literature. Drawing on natural resource-based view of the firm (NRBV), this study argued that industrial firms committed to corporate environmentalism reap rewards in the form of higher brand value. This study investigated three salient areas of corporate environmentalism, namely, environmental innovation, efficiency in using natural resources and emission reduction. The findings of this research demonstrate that industrial firms that outperform in environmental innovation, use fewer natural resources, and reduce emission have a higher brand value. Interestingly, while environmental innovation and efficiency in using natural resources contribute fairly equally to brand value, ability to reduce emissions contributes the least to brand value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]