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The amorphous (Fe x Ni 1− x ) 77 B 13 Si 10 (a-Fe-Ni) and Invar Fe x B 100− x alloys have been studied. It was shown that a-FeNi alloys with x ⩾ 0.08 undergo reentrant paramagnetic-ferromagnetic-spin glass (PM-FM-SG) transition. A ‘narrow’ resonance peak has been observed in the ESR spectra of a-FeNi in a limited temperature range. It was shown that when a frustrated FM is cooled, the formation of reentrant SG states is preceded by the appearance of canted state.

Far infrared photoconductivity of stressed p-Ge in the high-frequency spectral range corresponding to transitions from the acceptor ground state to the split-off subband has been observed for the first time. Calculations of photoconductivity spectra of stressed Ge taking into account the resonant states have been made. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It has been shown that the transitions into the resonant states are much weaker compared with those into the continuum of the upper subband, and therefore the corresponding spectral lines are difficult to observe in the photoconductivity spectra.

Hydroalumination of α-olefins by non-solvated polymeric aluminum hydride (AlH3) n occurs at 120—140 °C. Mechanochemical activation accelerates this reaction. The addition of catalytic amounts of the prepared R3Al forms to the reaction system decreases the temperature of the process to 90—100 °C. The greatest initiation effect is observed when ate-complexes of the MAlR4 type (M = Li, Na) are used: the reaction occurs with a higher rate already at 60—90 °C affording R3Al free of admixtures of carbalumination products and dimers of α-olefins.

Analysed herein are the outcomes of surgical management of a total of 108 patients presenting with atherosclerotic alterations in the aortoiliac segment in a combination with distal-bed lesions. All patients were subdivided into 3 groups. Group One patients were subjected to surgical treatment consisting in isolated aortoiliac bypass grafting. The deep femoral artery according to the findings of the angiographic study appeared to be large and anastomosed with the popliteal artery. Group Two patients underwent simultaneously performed reconstructions on the aortofemoral segment in a combination with femoropopliteal bypass grafting above and below the knee-joint fissure. Reconstructions in Group Three patients were supplemented with indirect revascularizations of the extremities. The operations performed were represented by the following interventions: arterialization of the venous blood flow of the foot, lumbar sympathectomy, revascularizing osteotrephi nation, administration of gene-engineering complexes. The reconstructions in the aortofemoral segment in this group of patients were supplemented with indirect revascularization due to the presence of diffuse lesions of the distal-bed arteries. Analysing both immediate and remote outcomes of surgical management of these patients made it possible to compare its therapeutic efficacy in the represented groups.

The dielectric function and second-harmonic generation spectrum of ferroelectric LiNbO(3) are calculated from first principles. The calculations are based on the electronic structure obtained within density functional theory. The use of the GW approach to account for quasiparticle effects and the subsequent solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation lead to a dielectric function in excellent agreement with measured data. The second harmonic generation spectrum calculated within the independent (quasi) particle approximation predicts strong nonlinear coefficients for photon energies above about 1.5 eV. The comparison with measured data suggests that the inclusion of self-energy effects in the nonlinear response improves the agreement with experiment.

The pulsed laser deposited nanocrystalline ZnO films doped by Ga up to six weight percent are studied by X-ray difraction and generalized spectro-ellipsometry. We report substantial atomic structure modification of heavy Ga-doped ZnO resulted and a concentration dependent increase of inter-planar distance. Measured dielectric function spectra show strong blue-shift of the samples studied. Equilibrium atomic configurations and electron energy structure of ZnO containing defects (voids and Ga impurities) are studied by the density functional theory (DFT) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Atomic geometries are obtained from the total energy minimization method. Optical functions are calculated within the random phase approximation including the quasi-particles corrections and plasma excitation effects. We report energetically favorable paths of the voids growth and aggregation in ZnO. Comparative analysis of experimental and theoretical results indicate that measured blue-shift in ZnO:Ga substantially exceeds the Burstein-Moss shift as used in many previous work to interpret concentration dependence of optical functions in heavy doped ZnO. We demonstrate that additional mechanisms, such as structural and alloying effect, should be involved for quantitative interpretation of optics of the nano-crystalline heavy-doped ZnO films.

Despite progress achieved by Russian phlebology in diagnosis and treatment of lower-limb varicose disease, the latter remains the most commonly encountered pathology of the vascular bed. Treatment for varicose disease includes a series of unsolved as yet problems, the main of which being a relapse of varicose disease after surgical interventions. The authors share herein their experience gained in using comprehensive methods while managing varicose disease relapses, also describing the technique of the procedures performed and analysing certain technical variants thereof.

Based on the data from both Russian and foreign literature, analysed herein are the methods of surgical and medicamentous prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients presenting with asymptomatic lesions of carotid arteries. This is followed by discussing haemodynamic parameters of the blood flow in the carotid arteries and their effect on cerebrovascular symptomatology. Also presented herein are the data concerning efficacy of different modalities of antithrombocytic therapy, followed by presenting own results regarding surgical management for stenoses and pathological kinking of carotid arteries in the patient cohort concerned.

The results of treatment of 82 patients with critical lower limbs ischemia were analyzed. All patients had throphic ulcers and gangrene of one or few foot fingers. The study demonstrated the strong correlation between the type of wound microbial flora, distal vessel lesion extetion, type of the arterial reconstruction and limb 1-year survival results.

Surgical treatment of 36 patients with aneurisms of common and internal carotid arteries was analyzed. 34 patients had reconstructive operations, whereas the rest 2 had ligative operations. One patient died postoperatively of the acute cerebrovascular insufficiency. Generally, 4 patients developed symptoms of the acute cerebrovascular insufficiency. The lethality within 5 years after the operation was 16.6%. The reconstructive carotid surgery proved to be the effective and safe method for the treatment of aneurisms of extracranial portions of carotid arteries.

On the basis of data published in Russian and foreign medical literature the article analyses traditional open surgical and roentgenosurgical methods of treating vascular diseases and the effectiveness of their joint application.

This report is based upon the data published in Russian and foreign reference sources and represents the analysis of methods of treatment in patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease in presence of distal arterial lesion.

The work was aimed at comparatively studying the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting for optimal therapeutic decision-making in patients presenting with carotid artery stenoses. We examined and treated a total of one hundred and sixty-seven patients. In the group of endarterectomy, we performed a total of 91 operations in 85 patients, and in the group of carotid stenting, a total of 87 stenting procedures were carried out on the internal carotid artery with cerebral protection in 82 patients. This was followed by analysing both short- and long-term outcomes with a follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 3 years. We examined the following postoperative parameters: «stroke + lethality», incidence of transitory ischaemic attacks, as well as the rate of craniocerebral neuropathy and acute myocardial infarction. In the remote period we evaluated the prevalence rate of the parameter «stroke + myocardial infarction + lethality», as well as restenosis recurrence. In the carotid-endarterectomy group, the predictors of unfavourable surgical outcomes were contralateral occlusion (p=0.048) and cardial pathology (p=0.0245). In the group of carotid stenting, these predictors turned out to be a heterogeneous atherosclerotic plaque with an uneven or ulcerated contour (p=0.004), and the degree of cerebrovascular insufficiency (p=0.005).

The study was aimed at evaluating the dynamics of the neurological status and quality of life (QOL) in patients after endured carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with previously sustained ischaemic stroke (IS).At the Department of Vascular Surgery of the B. V. Petrovsky Russian Research Centre of Surgery under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, from 2001 to 2009 we treated a total of ninety-six patients after endured IS. CEA was performed in fifty-one patients (Group I), and the control group patients underwent conservative treatment (Group II). QOL was assessed by means of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form - 36 (SF-36) questionnaire and the Bartel scale (predominantly in order to determine life activity). Initially, patients from the both groups had had equally low baseline QOL scores. After one year we carried out a repeat survey using the same SF-36, Bartel scale, and examination by the neurologist. Relapses of cerebral circulatory impairments were registered in two (3.9%) Group I patients and in three (6.6%) Group II subjects (p0.05). Total mortality rate in Group I amounted to 1 (1.9%) case and in Group II - 2 (4.4%) lethal cases (p0.05). According to the findings of the SF-36 questionnaire, restoration of the lostfunctions was observed in eleven (22%) Group I patients and in five (11.6%) Group II patients. Partial restoration was seen in seventeen (34%) Group I patients and in twelve (27.9%) Group H subjects. The neurological status was noted to have preserved in twenty- three (46%) Group I patients and in twenty-six (60.5%) Group II patients (p0.05). Both in Group I and Group II patients, positive dynamics of the neurological status was observed among those being in the early restoration period (p0.05).CEA performed in the early restoration period in patients with endured IS appeared to promote improved neurological status, extending physical activity, improving QOL, and is thus an efficient means of preventing relapses of cerebrovascular circulatory impairments.

The study aimed to prove the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy in patients with transient monocular blindness caused by carotid arterial stenosis. 31 patients, aged 45-80 years, were included in the study. All patients were divided in 2 groups: 16 patients from the first group had classic carotid endarterectomy with synthetic patch; 15 patients from the second group were treated conservatively. All operated patients had no stroke or transient ischemic attack and were spared from amaurosis attacks and even showed certain vision sharpness improvement. Whereas the majority of patients from the second group showed the recurrence of the amaurosis fugax attacks after the treatment. Carotid endarterectomy significantly improves the condition of an eye and prevents brain ischemia in patients with transient monocular blindness caused by carotid arterial stenosis.

The dielectric function and second harmonic generation of ferroelectric LiNbO 3 is calculated from first-principles. Thereby we start from the electronic structure calculated within the density functional theory. The use of the GW approach to account for quasiparticle effects and the subsequent solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation leads to a dielectric function that is in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. Our second harmonic generation calculations rest on the independent particle approximation and predict strong non-linear coefficients, in particular in the energy range starting from 1.5 eV.

The immediate and long-term results of the operative treatment of 473 patients with lower limbs' critical ischemia were analyzed. The ischemia was caused by vascular damage under the level of Pupart ligament. All patients overcame direct and indirect surgical revascularization procedures. The results of the reconstructive operations depended directly upon the transplant permeability both in early and long-term periods. Thus, the shunt thrombosis by femoral-popliteal bypass above the popliteal joint space was 7.5-10.7%, not depending on the operative technique. Whereas, the shunt thrombosis by femoral-popliteal bypass below the popliteal joint space was 8.5-37.0%, directly depending on the operative technique. The thrombosis frequency after femoral-tibial bypass was in between 28.3-100.0%. The comparative analysis proved obvious advantages of direct and combined revascularisations.

The experience of 193 cases of recurrent variceal disease (RVD) was summarized. Major reasons of recurrences after surgery were analyzed. Traditional and miniinvasive RVD treatment approaches are listed and its efficacy was thoroughly analyzed. Thus, endovasal laser coagulation and phleboscleroobliteration of insufficient communicant veins were effective in 85% and 65% of RVD, respectively. Possibilities of cryophleboextraction as well as apparate phlebectomy with transillumination were described.

The present work was aimed at comparative assessment of efficacy and risk factors of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting in patients suffering from symptomatic stenoses of the internal carotid arteries, with due regard for the degree of the accompanying cardiac pathology, the presence of contralateral occlusion, and severity of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. We examined and treated a total of 142 patients diagnosed with stenoses of the internal carotid arteries and symptoms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. In the cohort of those subjected to carotid endarterectomy we performed a total of 76 operations in 73 patients, and in the group of carotid stenting 71 operations of stenting of the internal carotid artery with cerebral protection in 69 patients. Postoperatively we assessed the following parameters: «stroke+lethality», incidence of transitory ischaemiс attacks, incidence rate of cerebrovascular neuropathy, and acute myocardial infarction. In the carotid endarterectomy group, we revealed increased risk for the development of neuropathy of the craniocerebral nerves (OR=0.0564, 95% CI 0.9953, P=0.049). In the group of stenting, we revealed increased risk for the development of transitory ischaemia.

Live skin equivalent and fibroblasts in gel were used in complex treatment of venous trophic ulcers to evaluate efficacy of cell transplants. Their efficacy depended on extent of trophic ulcer and time of their existence. Cell culture method is minimally traumatic, can be used in elder patients and seniors and gives positive results in 85% of cases.

The article is dedicated to a review of the contemporary-literature data concerning the role of cytokines in the mechanisms of atherosclerosis progression, citing the findings of worldwide studies on predicting the outcomes of arterial reconstructions and the probability of atherosclerosis progression depending on the blood plasma cytokines level.

Equilibrium geometries and cohesion energies of Ag0.94Cd0.06, Ag0.94In0.06, Au0.94Cd0.06, and Au0.94In0.06 solid alloys have been studied from the first principles within the Density Functional Theory using ab initio pseudopotentials. Equilibrium geometries are obtained by total energy minimization method using the Local Density Approximation and Generalized Gradient Approximation methods. Optical functions are calculated within the independent particles picture. We report essentially different behavior of Cd and In impurity atoms in Au- and Ag-based alloys: the aggregated (or quasi aggregated) phases in In-containing alloys are expected in contrast to the alloys with Cd atom where homogeneous impurity distribution over the bulk should dominate. Study of optical spectra in Ag0.94Cd0.06 and Au0.94Cd0.06 alloys indicate that optical losses in visible and near ultraviolet spectral range remarkably increase at bigger Cd concentrations. In ultraviolet spectral region redistribution of optical oscillator strengths results in both increase and decrease of optical losses in selected spectral regions.

In this paper we solve, on the basis of the approach presented in [7], the problem of the construction of the velocity potential of a fluid for an infinite circular cylindrical container, filled with an ideal incompressible fluid and containing a rigid spherical body, vibrating according to a given law. The solution of such a problem is based on the re-expansion of the particular solutions of the Laplace equation, written in cylindrical (spherical) coordinates with respect to spherical (cylindrical) harmonic functions, respectively, giving the possibility, applying also the addition theorems of cylindrical functions, to represent the combined potential of the velocities of the fluid both in spherical and cylindrical systems of coordinates. Satisfying the boundary conditions on the spherical and cylindrical surfaces, the solving of the problem of the construction of the velocity potential of the fluid reduces to the solving of an infinite system of algebraic equations with respect to the coefficients of the expansions of the spherical and cylindrical components of the desired potential.

Magnetic measurements, neutron diffraction and the μSR method were used to investigate the reentrant temperature transitions in the Heisenberg frustrated antiferromagnetic Fe x Ni 80- x Cr 20 and Fe x Ni 80- x Mn 20 alloys. It was shown that for the alloys whose concentrations are close to the onset of the long-range antiferromagnetic order, the following succession of transitions is observed under cooling: paramagnet - collinear antiferromagnet (antiasperomagnet) - reentrant spin glass. There is no long-range antiferromagnetic order in the reentrant spin glass phase but the antiasperomagnetic correlations with finite correlation length are present.

The Purcell effect, acceleration of a spontaneous emission recombination rate, has been observed in InN/In nanocomposites with buried nanoparticles of metallic In. This effect, associated with localized plasmons, is characterized by the averaged Purcell factor as high as 30--40 in the structures with large enough particles. This high value is indicative of a noticeable contribution from the emitting dipoles polarized normally to the nanoparticle surface in this system. The experimental observation of shortening of the emission lifetimes with increasing the amount of In is supported by calculations performed in a semiclassical approximation.

Carotid artery stenosis has over the last decade been treated increasingly more often by means of angioplasty and stenting, with the indications for these interventions being gradually broadening. The authors review and analyse the results of multicenter randomized studies and registers regarding carotid artery stent grafting and carotid endarterectomy (CAVATAS, SAPPHIRE, ARCHeR, EVA-3S, CaRESS, SPACE, BEACH, CABERNET, CREATE Pivotal). Presented herein are the outcomes of management of symptomatic and symptom-free patients running both usual and high surgical risks for carotid endarterectomy. The commonly accepted criteria for surgical risks are conventionally subdivided into the absolute and relative ones (i.e., correction-prone). Carotid stenting turned out to be superior to carotid endarterectomy in patients running a high surgical risk.

The review contains the analysis of the literature dedicated to the problem of surgical treatment of patients presenting with lower limb critical ischaemia, followed by consideration of errors and their effect on the outcomes of both direct and indirect revascularizing operations in lesions of the femoropoplietal-tibial segment.

Presented herein are the outcomes of examination, surgical management and conservative treatment of 211patients presenting with phlebothromboses of the superficial and deep venous system of the lower limbs. Of these, 119 were treated conservatively and 92 underwent various types of surgical intervention, however those treated conservatively were not included into the final analysis. The diagnosis was verified using ultrasonographic duplex scanning (USDS) of the venous system of the inferior vena cava basin, allowing of assessing the condition of the superficial and deep venous system of the both lower extremities, followed by determining the length of the thrombotic lesion. Based on the findings of USDS, 68 (74%) patients were found to have thrombosis of the superficial veins and 24 (26%) subjects were diagnosed with deep-vein thrombosis. All the patients in order to prevent thromboembolic complications were subjected to active surgical policy. Also studied were methods of surgical management in patients with various-localization thromboses. Based on the obtained findings, it was determined that surgical treatment of patients with thromboses of the superficial and deep venous system of the lower limbs is a justified method to prevent the development of pulmonary thromboembolism.

From 1968 to 2005, a total of 161 patients presenting with upper- and lower-limb arterial aneurysms were treated at the Federal Facility Russian Scientific Centre of Surgery named after Academician B. V. Petrovskii under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Amongst the most frequently encountered causes of their development appeared to be an injury [86 (53.4%) patients] and atherosclerosis [33 (20.5%) patients]. Radiopaque angiography was performed in 147 (91.3%) of the 161 patients. The presence of a thrombus in an aneurysm was revealed in 97 (66.0%) of the 147 patients. Ultrasonographic duplex scanning carried out in fifty-eight patients demonstrated the presence of a thrombus inside the aneurysmal cavity in forty-three (74.1%) of them. Hundred and thirty-nine (86.3%) patients diagnosed as having arterial aneurysms were subjected to reconstructive operations. More frequently, we performed aneurysmal resections with prosthetic repair of the affected artery or lateral suture of the artery, as well as bypass grafting. Relapses of aneurysms in the remote period were encountered significantly more often in patients who had endured reconstructive operations for infectious, posttraumatic and postoperative aneurysms by means of synthetic plastic materials. Hence, carrying out reconstructive arteries aneurysms irrespective of their sizes is the only reliable method of preventing the development of life-threatening and disabling complications. Operations of choice in the patients diagnosed as having mycotic, postoperative, and posttraumatic arterial aneurysms include aneurysmal resection with an "end-to-end" or an "end-to-side" arterio-arterial anastomosis, or bypass grafting.

The first principles density functional theory (DFT) is applied to study effects of molecular adsorption on optical losses of silver (111) surface. The ground states of the systems including water, methanol, and ethanol molecules adsorbed on Ag (111) surface were obtained by the total energy minimization method within the local density approximation (LDA). Optical functions were calculated within the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) approach. Contribution of the surface states to optical losses was studied by calculations of the dielectric function of bare Ag (111) surface. Substantial modifications of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions spectra in the near infrared and visible spectral regions, caused by surface states and molecular adsorption, were obtained. The results are discussed in comparison with available experimental data., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Over the past several decades, many surgical methods of treatment for varicose disease have been implemented into clinical practice. Nonetheless, an intrinsically too traumatic nature thereof unsatisfactory cosmetic outcomes obtained, long-term postoperative rehabilitation required, and high recurrence rates reported send us in search of minimally invasive but at the same time highly efficient methods of treatment for varicose disease. The present article deals with the experience gained by Russian and foreign authors in and suggesting efficiency of novel minimally invasive technologies used for treatment of both newly diagnosed varicose disease and its relapsing forms. This is followed by analysing different variants of the procedural techniques involved.

We examined a total of 56 patients presenting with haemodynamically insignificant stenoses of carotid arteries, with a narrowing of the internal carotid artery by an atherosclerotic plaque varying from 30% to 55%, to have also analysed the relationship between the sonographic and morphological peculiarities of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries and severity of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Of these, 27 patients were subjected to carotid endarterectomy (CEE). The long-term outcomes were studied during the follow-up period lasting up to 5 years. The incidence rate of neurological deficits turned out to be lower in the postoperative-group patients as compared with those from the control group. A conclusion was made that both the carotid artery stenosis degree and the structure of an atherosclerotic plaque appear to be equally important criteria in assessing the indications for surgical management.

In the review we offer analysis of the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy in treatment of post-functional apoplexy or stroke patients. Published results of the researches specify possible efficiency of carotid endarterectomy in preventive maintenance against repeated apoplectic attack or strokes. Yet the criteria of usage and execution of the carotid endarterectomy are still to be discussed.

Complex surgical and medical therapy was used for 386 patients with lower limb variceal disease 2nd and 3rd form (segmental and disseminated varices with reflux through the superficial and perforant veins) and chronic venous insufficiency stage I (according to the Russian classification). Five main types of surgical interventions were fulfilled: combined phlebectomy, trunk scleroobliteration, short stripping with insufficient perforants ligation, short stripping with excision or damage of variceal influx, and short stripping with trunk scleroobliteration. Besides, vast majority of patients received venotonic drug Phlebodia 600 pre and postoperatively. Miniinvasive and atraumatic interventions were characterized by the decrease of postoperative subcutaneous hematomas, no incidence of n. saphenus damage and lymphorrhea, good cosmetic outcomes due to the absence of additional incisions. The duration of postoperative recovery correlated with intraoperative trauma and Phlebodia 600 administration. In conclusion, combination of complex surgical procedures and venotonic drugs can be widely used for the management of lower limb variceal disease, especially for its uncomplicated forms. While preserving the radicality, these interventions yield favorite esthetical results, reduce the time of postoperative recovery and disability, thus, appear to be cost effective.

The authors analyse their experience in surgical management of 325 patients diagnosed with lower limb critical ischaemia (LLCI) secondary to lesions of infrainguinal arteries. Of these, 216 (66.5%) patients (Group 1) were subjected to isolated bypass grafting operations defined as either "reconstructive", or "direct revascularisations". A further 35 (10.8%) patients (Group 2) underwent concomitant revascularizations accompanied simultaneously or in a stagewise manner (but within the time frame of one hospitalization) by reconstructive and palliative operations (e. g., femoropopliteal bypass grafting and lumbar sympathectomy), and 74 (22.7%) patients (Group 3) were subjected to only palliative operations alone (lumbar sympathectomy and revascularizing osteotrephination), i.e., "indirect revascularizations". The remote outcomes of surgical management were followed up within the terms of up to 5 years in 306 (94.2%) of the 325 patients operated on for LLCI. Of these: in 205 (94.9%) of the 216 Group 1 patients, in 33 (94.3%) of the 35 Group 2 patients, and in 68 of the 74 (91.9%) Group 3 patients. Amongst the Group 1 patients (n = 205) over the 5-year follow-up period we had performed a total of 70 (34.1%) amputations of the postoperative extremity and encountered 121 (59.0%) cases of thromboses of the bypass grafts. Of the Group 2 patients (n = 33), over the 5 year follow-up, the postoperative extremities were amputated in 7 (21.2%) patients. Thromboses of the bypass grafts over the same time period were noted to have developed in 11(33.3%) patients. Amongst Group 3 patients (n - 68) the postoperative extremities were saved in 37, with the limb salvage rate thus amounting to 54.4%.

The paper reviews world wide publications on the use of anticoagulant therapy in vascular surgery. The authors analyze an adequate scope of heparin indications, efficiency of perioperative administration of unfractionated and low-molecular weight heparins, comparative efficiency of various heparin formulations, as well as the role of oral anticoagulants.

The present work was aimed at studying clinical symptoms and the incidence rate of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in patients diagnosed with pathological kinking of carotid arteries. A total of 63 patients presenting with pathological kinking of carotid arteries were examined. Of these, 58 were found to have age-related macular degeneration manifesting itself by degenerative alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in 14 (24.14%) patients, hard retinal drusen in 22 (37.93%) patients, and by a combination of hard retinal drusen with evidence of RPE degeneration in 22 (37.93%) subjects. Besides the conventional ophthalmologic methods of examination including the determination of visual acuity under standard conditions of illumination, biomicroscopy, both direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, and tonometry, all patients were subjected to ultrtasonographic Doppler mapping of the ophthalmic arteries, as well as colour duplex scanning (CDS) of the brachiocephalic arteries, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and helical computed tomography. The obtained findings revealed that 92% of the examined patients presenting with pathological kinking of the internal carotid arteries had symptoms of non-exudative forms of ARMD and signs of blood flow deficiency in the ophthalmic arteries. In this connection, it appears appropriate to carry out colour duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries in order to reveal pathological kinking of the carotid arteries and decide upon further treatment policy.

The authors have studied therapeutic outcomes in a total of 38 patients diagnosed with occlusions of the femoropopliteal segment. In the Study Group patients (n = 19), the operation of femoropopliteal bypass grafting was supplemented by using gene stimulators of angiogenesis (gene constructions with the genes of vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiogenin). The Control Group patients (n = 19) were subjected to a reconstructive vascular operation alone. The remote results were followed up from six to twenty-six months, having shown reliably better therapeutic outcomes obtained in the Study Group patients, as judged by the distance of pain-free walking, the time of restoration of the baseline parameters of blood flow during the treadmill test, muscular perfusion, and the quality of life indices. A conclusion was made that the use ofangiogenesis-stimulating methods combined with reconstructive vascular operations improves the long-term outcomes in patients presenting with lower limb chronic ischaemia.

Presented herein is a case report of a male patient with a posttraumatic aneurysm revealed 40 years after an injury. The presence of a foreign body in the lumen of the artery for such a long time had had no manifestations and was detected by ultrasonographic duplex scanning. The patient was subjected to resection of the aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery on the right lower limb with prosthetic repair performed by a reversed autovein.

We have shown that alloying a noble metal (gold) with another metal (cadmium), which can contribute two electrons per atom to a free electron gas, can significantly improve the metals optical properties in certain wavelength ranges and make them worse in the other parts of the spectrum. In particular, in the gold-cadmium alloy we have demonstrated a significant expansion of the spectral range of metallic reflectance to shorter wavelengths. The experimental results and the predictions of the first principles theory demonstrate an opportunity for the improvement and optimization of low-loss metals for nanoplasmonic and metamaterials applications., Comment: 14 Pages, 4 figures

Optical losses of organic molecues adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface are studied by first-principles. Substantial modifications of Im(e) in the near infrared and visible spectral regions are predicted, discussed, and compared to experimental results.

Kinetic parameters for the oxidation of benzidine, 3,3-dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3-dimethylbenzidine and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine by horse-radish peroxidase and hemoglobin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide have been measured in citrate-acetate buffer at 30°C and pH=5.5. The mechanism of peroxidase oxidation of several benzidine derivatives by hemoproteines is discussed with respect to the number of substituents.