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Józef Ordęga (1802–1879) was a Polish nobleman, participant in the November Uprising, and then one of the activists of the Great Emigration in France. In this article, I have undertaken to analyse the importance of the idea of progress in his writings from 1838–1846, when he attempted to carry out independent political activity. I pointed out that he drew a strong inspiration from the doctrine of French utopian socialism, in particular from Philippe Buchez – a Saint-Simonian. By following him, Ordęga, believed that progress consisted in the fulfillment by humanity of the goals gradually revealed by God. He claimed that the ideas related to the French Revolution, such as liberty, equality, fraternity, were the implementation of the teachings of Christ and were fundamentally Catholic. In addition, he ascribed a special role to Poland in the general process of progress, expressing hope that in the future Poland would be reborn as a fully democratic state., Józef Ordęga (1802–1879) był polskim szlachcicem, uczestnikiem powstania listopadowego, a następnie jednym z działaczy Wielkiej Emigracji we Francji. W niniejszym artykule podjąłem próbę refleksji nad znaczeniem, jakie idea postępu zajmowała w jego piśmiennictwie z lat 1838–1846, kiedy próbował samodzielnej działalności politycznej. Wskazałem na silną inspirację doktryną francuskiego socjalizmu utopijnego, w szczególności saintsimonisty Philippe’a Bucheza. Ordęga, w ślad za nim, uważał, że postęp polega na wypełnianiu przez ludzkość celów objawianych stopniowo przez Boga. Twierdził, że idee związane z rewolucją francuską (wolność, równość, braterstwo) są realizacją nauki Chrystusa i mają z gruntu katolicki charakter. Ponadto w ogólnym procesie postępu przypisywał szczególną rolę Polsce, wyrażając nadzieję, że w przyszłości odrodzi się ona jako państwo w pełni demokratyczne.

Micromachining plays a vital role in the manufacturing industry in producing microcomponents with high sensitivity and fine dimensional tolerances for implant materials in medical applications. Micro-machining can be carried out through various machining processes like physical, chemical and biological processes, although the use of biological machining is limited. In biological machining, microorganisms are used as a source of energy to machine the components, and machining with microorganism brings a lot of advantages in the machining process like the production of components with lower energy resources, low cost, no heat-affected zone and fine dimensional tolerances, which makes it suitable for machining implant materials. In other machining process like conventional and unconventional machining processes, the heat-affected zone, dimensional tolerances and environmental-related problems are the major issues, as these processes generate more heat while machining. This damages the material, which will not be able to be used for certain applications, and this issue can be overcome by bio-machining. In this present work, nickel, titanium and nitinol are manufactured using the powder metallurgy technique. They are manufactured as a 10 mm diameter and 5 mm thick pellet. The fabricated nickel, titanium and nitinol shape memory alloys are machined with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans microorganisms to obtain a better material removal rate and surface roughness and to check the bio-machining performance by considering various parameters such as shaking speed, temperature, pH and percentage of ferric content for the future scope of biomedical applications. Considering these parameters, microorganisms play a vital role in the temperature, shaking speed and time of the bio-machining process, and it was observed that a better material removal rate and surface roughness are achieved at a temperature of 30 °C, shaking speed of 140 rpm and machining time of 72 h.

For years the issue regarding qualification of revenues from the lease and sale of real estate as an appropriate source of revenues has been the subject matter of considerations in the judicial decisions of administrative courts. The structure of provisions in the act on the income tax from natural persons defining a catalogue of sources of revenues subject to taxation under this tax makes it difficult to indicate the precise premises which should be taken into account when evaluating in which cases revenues from the lease and sale of real property should be classified as a source of revenues such as non-agricultural business activities. The content of the definition of business activity formulated in this act also does not make it easier to determine such premises. Zagadnienie kwalifikacji przychodów z najmu i odpłatnego zbycia nieruchomości do odpowiedniego źródła przychodów od lat jest przedmiotem rozważań w orzecznictwie sądów administracyjnych. Konstrukcja przepisów ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych, określających katalog źródeł przychodów opodatkowanych tym podatkiem, utrudnia wskazanie precyzyjnych przesłanek, które należy uwzględniać, dokonując oceny, w jakich przypadkach przychody z najmu i odpłatnego zbycia nieruchomości powinny zostać zaliczone do źródła przychodu, jaki stanowi pozarolnicza działalność gospodarcza. Ustalenia przedmiotowych przesłanek nie ułatwia także treść definicji działalności gospodarczej sformułowanej w niniejszej ustawie.

Purpose There isscarce evidence to date on how temperature develops during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We aimed to determine the potential heat generation during HoLEP under ex vivo conditions. Methods We developed two experimental setups. Firstly, we simulated HoLEP ex vivo using narrow-neck laboratory bottles mimicking enucleation cavities and a prostate resection trainer. Seven temperature probes were placed at different locations in the experimental setup, and the heat generation was measured separately during laser application. Secondly, we simulated high-frequency current-based coagulation of the vessels using a roller probe. Results We observed that the larger the enucleated cavity, the higher the temperature rises, regardless of the irrigation flow rate. The highest temperature difference with an irrigation flow was approximately + 4.5 K for a cavity measuring 100ccm and a 300 ml/min irrigation flow rate. The higher flow rate generates faster removal of the generated heat, thus cooling down the artificial cavity. Furthermore, the temperature differences at different irrigation flow rates (except at 0 ml/min) were consistently below 5 K. Within the resection trainer, the temperature increase with and without irrigation flow was approximately 0.5 K and 3.0 K, respectively. The mean depth of necrosis (1084 ± 176 µm) achieved by the roller probe was significantly greater when using 144 W energy. Conclusion Carefully adjusted irrigation and monitoring during HoLEP are crucial when evacuating the thermal energy generated during the procedure. We believe this study of ours provides evidence with the potential to facilitate clinical studies on patient safety.

Context Radiomics is a field of science that aims to develop improved methods of medical image analysis by extracting a large number of quantitative features. New data have emerged on the successful application of radiomics and machine-learning techniques to the prediction of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Objective To systematically review the diagnostic performance of radiomic techniques in predicting MIBC. Evidence acquisition The literature search for relevant studies up to July 2020 was performed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was inducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria comprised studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of radiomic models in predicting MIBC and used pathological examination as the reference standard. For bias assessment, Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 and Radiomic Quality Score were used. Weighted summary proportions were used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity. A linear mixed model was implemented to calculate the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC). Meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Evidence synthesis Eight studies with a total of 860 patients were included. The summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity in predicting MIBC were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77–86%) and 81% (95% CI: 76–85%), respectively. The area under HSROC was 0.88. There were no relevant heterogeneity in diagnostic accuracy measures (I2 = 33% and 41% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively), which was confirmed by a subsequent meta-regression analysis. Conclusions Radiomics shows high diagnostic performance in predicting MIBC. Despite differences in approaches, radiomic models were relatively homogeneous in their diagnostic accuracy. With further improvements, radiomics has the potential to become a useful adjunct in clinical management of bladder cancer. Patient summary Rapidly evolving imaging analysis methods using artificial intelligence algorithms, called radiomics, show high diagnostic performance in predicting muscle-invasive bladder cancer.