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Researchers and One Health professionals who deal with data generation, data integration and data analysis tasks, for example during disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, or risk assessments, need to be continuously informed about new digital solutions that support these activities and also promote the One Health -compliant exchange of information across sectors. The online software fair was organised to inform researchers and One Health professionals of new digital solutions and tools that support data generation, data integration and data analysis tasks. It is the intention that these tools could be utilised in the future for disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and/or risk assessment. The tools presented are being or have already been developed for application across all pillars of One Health, including human health, animal health, environmental health, and food safety. To read more about the tools presented, download the abstract book here. The online software fair was split into two sessions. In the morning session, eight digital solutions and software tools were presented in the form of pitch presentations by members of our consortium from INIA (Spain), NIPH (Norway), NVI (Norway) and BfR (Germany). In the afternoon session, each software tool was presented in a breakout room. Delegates could join up to three breakout rooms to learn more and take part in discussions, interactive exercises and gain hands-on experience using these tools and innovative solutions, and applying them to their area of expertise.All delegates were given access to the slides and recordings after the workshop, so they continue to be inspired and benefit from the content presented. Over 70 delegates across 29 countries worldwide registered to attend – including PhD students, junior and senior researchers, bioinformaticians, epidemiologists, and other One Health professionals. The workshop was a big success and an exemplary demonstration in how using training opportunities is an effective way to facilitate One Health-compliant exchange of information across sectors. The event highlights the One Health EJP’s ability to bring together experts from across our European network and share tools to promote a sustainable One Health approach in the future.

New asphalt pavements are often designed to last 15 to 20 years without a major rehabilitation. However, an asphalt mix gets stiffer and more brittle with pavement service life because of aging. As cracking resistance decreases at higher aging levels, pavement structural design and performance verification need to consider the long-term aging characteristics of asphalt mixes. The research presented in this paper developed long-term loose mix aging protocols that are more friendly to routine laboratory operations. Based on a theoretical aging model and the IDEAL cracking test, two aging protocols are equivalent to the 3- and 6-day loose mix aging durations at 95°C provided by NCHRP 9-54, which are 20 h at 110°C and 20 h at 120°C, respectively. These new long-term aging protocols were then confirmed by the Texas Overlay Test and the Illinois Flexibility Index Test. The integration of these protocols into a comprehensive framework for mix design, pavement performance verification, and production testing is discussed. In brief, these new long-term aging protocols would be employed for evaluating cracking resistance only in the pavement performance verification stage, whereas the short-term aging protocol, namely, 2 h at the compaction temperature, would be applied to Superpave volumetric evaluation, balanced mix design (BMD), and production testing. These two new aging protocols combined with BMD rapid performance tests and performance prediction tests make this comprehensive framework very practical and efficient.

“Infinitival clauses” are constructions with a clausal status whose predicate is an infinitive. Romance infinitive clauses are mostly dependent clauses and can be divided into the following types: argumental infinitival clauses (such as subject and object clauses, the latter also including indirect interrogatives), predicative infinitival clauses, infinitival adjunct clauses, infinitival relative clauses, and nominalized infinitive clauses (with a determiner). More rarely, they appear as independent (main) clauses (root infinitival clauses) of different types, which usually have a marked character. Whereas infinitival adjunct clauses are generally preceded by prepositions, which can be argued to be outside the infinitival clause proper (i.e., the clause is part of a prepositional phrase), Romance argumental infinitive clauses are often introduced by complementizers that are diachronically derived from prepositions, mostly de/di and a/à. In most Romance languages, the infinitive itself is morphologically marked by an ending containing the morpheme {r} but lacks tense and agreement morphemes. However, some Romance languages have developed an infinitive that can be inflected for subject agreement (which is found in Portuguese, Galician, and Sardinian and also attested in Old Neapolitan). Romance languages share the property of English and other languages to leave the subject of infinitive clauses unexpressed (subject/object control, arbitrary control, and optional control) and also have raising and accusative-and-infinitive constructions. A special property of many Romance languages is the possibility of overtly expressing a nominative subject in infinitival clauses, mostly in postverbal position. The tense of the infinitive clause is usually interpreted as simultaneous or anterior to that of the matrix clause, but some matrix predicates and infinitive constructions trigger a posteriority/future reading. In addition, some Romance infinitive clauses are susceptible to constraints concerning aspect and modality.

The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel contributes to disease severity in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis and to neuronal cell death in models of excitotoxicity and traumatic brain injury. As TRPM4 is activated by intracellular calcium and conducts monovalent cations, we hypothesized that TRPM4 may contribute to and boost excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Using single-spine calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we found no effect of the TRPM4 antagonists 9-phenanthrol and glibenclamide on synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from healthy mice. In contrast, glibenclamide but not 9-phenanthrol reduced excitatory synaptic potentials in slices from EAE mice, an effect that was absent in slices from EAE mice lacking TRPM4. We conclude that TRPM4 plays little role in basal hippocampal synaptic transmission but a glibenclamide-sensitive TRPM4-mediated contribution to excitatory postsynaptic responses is upregulated at the acute phase of EAE.

Cold gas spraying (CS) is a solid-state material deposition process which, in addition to the flexible repair of individual component areas, also enables the build-up of larger samples. The layers are created on a substrate by the impact-induced bonding of highly accelerated micrometer particles. Since melting does not occur, the material composition can be varied flexibly and independently of material-specific melting points. In this work, the influence of the described forming process on subsequent machining by milling and deep rolling is investigated. The process forces measured during milling and the surface topography after milling and deep rolling were influenced by the material composition and the CS-related properties, e.g., high material hardness or particle bonding. In contrast to prior assumptions, deep rolling was shown to have no influence on the determined hardness depth profile for the investigated materials. Future work will focus on additional analyses, such as the determination of half-widths, to obtain further insight on the material behavior.

The one-week module centred around the use of innovative open-source software solutions supporting risk assessment, zoonotic outbreak investigations and data interoperability. The objective of this training module was to introduce new tools and technologies for One Health researchers and professionals. Specifically, solutions that support foodborne disease outbreak investigations, efficient surveillance data integration as well as the re-use of risk assessment models were introduced. The solutions presented have the potential to support the whole One Health community including national and international risk assessment agencies, risk managers and academic institutions. The virtual training was delivered by senior research scientists fromBfRand partners from our consortium, includingSVA,DTU Food,ANSES,RKIandNVIand stakeholders,EFSAwith an extensive track record in providing training for research scientists from different research domains. Over 50 participants – from early-career researchers and PhD students, up to senior scientists – from 15 European countries attended the workshop. The event encouraged knowledge sharing and even allowed participants to present their digital innovation tools, which can be applied to scenarios of food safety, public health and animal health. Scientists of the One Health EJP Joint Research and Joint Integrative Projects,ORION,COHESIVEandRaDARalso shared their knowledge and lessons learned from their projects. The CPD module provided joint plenary presentation sessions, moderated interactive workshops with practical exercises, as well as an e-learning platform, that can still be used by participants to further improve their knowledge. For this, dedicated e-learning courses on the software FoodChain-Lab, the RAKIP and RADAR model repositories and on resources promoting the adoption of the Linked Open Data concept in One Health were developed. The e-learning platform was also used to measure knowledge gains and collect feedback from the workshop participants. The online workshop received approved accreditation by the Academy of Veterinary Continuing Education (ATF), therefore participants from across Europe who attended and participated in the entire module, received 22 ATF hours, and could convert these to CE credits in their respective country.

Introduction: On April 1 2019, New York City EMS began a triage protocol using a modified Los Angeles Motor Scale (S-LAMS for addition of speech) to identify potential endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) eligible patients in the field (S-LAMS 4-6 with last known well (LKW) Methods: Patients brought by EMS to a large multicenter health system across NYC for the year following April 1, 2019 were extracted from a prospectively collected stroke database. S-LAMS triage positive (STP) patients were assessed for diagnostic accuracy and treatment times. They were compared with a cohort that underwent EVT during the same period, but triaged as S-LAMS triage negative (STN). Results: STP patients (N=145) were 56.6% women, mean age of 70, median baseline mRS of 0, S-LAMS score of 5, and arrival NIHSS of 13. Stroke was diagnosed in 110 (75.8%) patients, 32 intracerebral hemorrhage and 78 ischemic. Of the ischemic, 45 were large vessel occlusion stroke (ELVO) and 34 underwent EVT (PPV of 0.31 for ELVO). STN patients (N=65) with LKW of < 5 hours were brought by EMS and underwent EVT; 34 were brought directly to EVT capable centers, and 36 required transfer for EVT. Mean time to hospital arrival from EMS scene arrival was significantly longer for STP patients than STN patients (38 vs. 29 minutes, p Conclusions: Pre-hospital stroke triage using the streamlined S-LAMS scale is comparable with other pre-hospital scales in predictive value for ELVO. While pre-hospital evaluation and transport times are longer, they add minimal delay to the hospital arrival, do not affect tPA times, and improve times to EVT in a large, urban environment. Further analysis on effect of the triage protocol on patient outcomes is warranted.

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated that aphasia may negatively impact morbidity and mortality among ischemic stroke (IS) patients. However, the association between post-stroke aphasia and readmission with infection (RI) is poorly understood. We sought to assess the impact of aphasia on post-stroke RI. We hypothesized that aphasic patients are at increased risk of infection in the 30-day post-stroke period. Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of the Mount Sinai Hospital IS patients with 30-day all cause readmission from January 2016 - December 2019. All variables were abstracted from the index admission (IA) electronic medical records except for aspects related to the readmission (RA). Aphasia was present if a neurologist diagnosed the patient with acquired language dysfunction during IA. We performed chi square and logistic regression analyses to compare readmitted patients with and without aphasia at IA. Our fully adjusted model controlled for age, sex, medical comorbidities, NIHSS ≥ 8, IA LOS > 7, IA infection, discharge to facility. We completed all analyses with SPSS. Results: During IA, 36% (n=42) were diagnosed with aphasia. At IA, there were no significant differences in age (dichotomized at 65), sex, or medical comorbidities between aphasic and non-aphasic cohorts. However, more aphasic patients had admission NIHSS ≥ 8 (89% vs 35%, p 7 (76% vs 42%, p=0.0004), discharge to facility (79% vs 49%, p=0.0016), and RI (52% vs 19%, p=0.002). The presence of aphasia predicted RI in both unadjusted (OR=4.6, p Conclusions: The adjusted odds of 30-day readmission with infection were significantly greater in those with diagnosis of aphasia at the time of index admission compared to those without. Our study provides preliminary evidence that the presence of aphasia may have negative consequences on a patient’s health beyond the language disturbance. Further study is needed to better understand the reasons and risk reduction strategies in this vulnerable population.

Supplementary tables and figures for the Journal of Dairy Science manuscript 19516 by Mensching et al. (2021)See https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19516 for further information.