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The global interest and substantial challenges on this subject contribute to its relevance. This analysis centers on the implementation of artificial intelligence within the medical field, with a specific focus on its application in managing wounds. Through an examination of numerous online studies and publications, we can gain insight into how artificial intelligence is being employed to enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of wound healing. The integration of artificial intelligence in this sector has the capacity to transform medical practice by improving precision, effectiveness, and individualized patient care. As a result, it is a leading area of research and advancement on a global scale. We used the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases of medical publications, searching for abstracts using the following key phrases: artificial intelligence and wound management, artificial intelligence and gunshot wounds, artificial intelligence and war medicine, artificial intelligence and surgery. Based on search results, a literature analysis was performed. Conclusions. It is necessary to create numerous working groups of highly qualified specialists from each discipline and direction of medical activity, where the specific weight of each symptom, laboratory indicator, each radiological and ultrasound examination result is determined based on the data of real cases. And such work should have no less discipline and structure than medical research, it is optimal to get a universal software tool for this stage of work, which can be used with certain variations for the whole variety of pathological conditions and processes.

Background. In modern military conflicts, the frequency of gunshot wounds to the chest is 8–12 %, of which 79.4 % are nonpenetrating, and 20.4 % are penetrating, with damage to intrathoracic organs. The aim is to demonstrate the peculiarities of diagnosis and operative treatment of a penetrating gunshot wound to the chest with damage to the mediastinum and thymus. Materials and methods. Patient M., 33 years old, was wounded to the chest during mortar shelling. An hour after the injury, he was taken to the frontline surgical team in a satisfactory condition, a chest X-ray was performed. After 4 hours, he was taken to the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region of the Medical Forces Command and hospitalized to the emergency department. The diagnosis was made of an isolated gunshot bullet blind penetrating wound to the chest with damage to the mediastinum and the presence of a foreign body (bullet) in the area of the aortic arch. Results. Data of chest multislice computed tomography upon admission: a 5.45 mm caliber bullet in the anterosuperior mediastinum at the level of the aortic arch. A video esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, damage to the esophagus was ruled out. Sternotomy was performed. A foreign body (bullet) was removed from the thymus with a magnetic instrument under the control of an electronic-optical converter, drainage of the sternotomy wound was performed. The final diagnosis was established: an isolated gunshot bullet blind penetrating wound to the chest with damage to the mediastinum and the presence of a foreign body (bullet) in the thymus. On day 3 after surgery, the drainage was removed from the mediastinum. Subsequently, after 2 weeks, the stitches were removed, the patient was presented to the military medical commission and discharged from the hospital. During the histological examination of a fragment of the thymus tissue, a large hemorrhage, fullness of venous vessels, phenomena of involution and transformation into adipose tissue were revealed. Conclusions. Gunshot wounds to the chest with mediastinal injury are rare. The use of modern magnetic surgical instruments allows the removal of ferromagnetic foreign bodies in case of mediastinal trauma. When choosing the scope of primary surgical treatment of the thymus wound, it is necessary to consider its role in providing the immune system and apply an organ-sparing approach.

Background. In wartime, kidney injuries are combined with damage to other organs. The standard of care for these injuries is immediate revision with subsequent organ-preserving surgery. But as of today, clear criteria for selecting such wounded people for surgical treatment have not been developed, renal morphological and functional changes due to gunshot wounds have not been studied. The aim is to demonstrate the possibilities of minimally invasive technologies in an isolated gunshot shrapnel penetrating abdominal wound with renal trauma and the presence of a foreign body (metal fragment) in the kidney. Materials and methods. Two soldiers were injured as a result of artillery shelling in August 2023. They were taken to the frontline surgical team 1 and 3 days after the injury, where they were examined according to the FAST protocol and bandaged. After 6 hours, they were taken to the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Eastern Region. Results. Wounded P., 48 years old, was admitted 3 days after the trauma. The patient’s general condition is stable, laboratory values are normal. The examination revealed an entrance wound in the lumbar region on the right, 20 mm in diame-ter, without signs of bleeding. According to multislice computed tomography, 12 × 7 mm metal fragment of the superior pole of the right kidney was detected. The severity of renal trauma was classified as grade 2 according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification. The fragment was removed from the kidney parenchyma using a magnetic instrument for endovideoscopic diagnosis and removal of metal ferromagnetic foreign bodies. The surgery duration was 95 minutes. The patient was discharged on day 4. Wounded S., 45 years old, was admitted one day after the injury. The patient’s general condition is stable. Laboratory tests showed mild anemia. Examination revealed an entrance wound in the left lumbar region with a diameter of 15 mm. According to the native multislice computed tomography, a metal fragment in the middle segment of the left kidney of 8 × 8 mm with a retroperitoneal hematoma of 111 × 30 × 68 mm was diagnosed. The severity of the kidney trauma was classified as grade 3. Laparoscopic removal of the metal fragment of the left kidney and drainage of the retroperitoneal hematoma were performed. The fragment was removed after drainage of the retroperitoneal hematoma and slight dilation of the entrance gunshot wound of the kidney using a magnetic instrument for endovideoscopic diagnosis and removal of metal ferromagnetic foreign bodies. The surgery lasted 125 minutes. The patient was discharged on day 6. Conclusions. Laparoscopic access can be used to remove metal fragments from isolated gunshot wounds of the kidney. The use of a modern surgical magnetic instrument is recommended for a minimally invasive approach and to ensure efficiency. Such surgical interventions are possible with the availability of equipment, trained personnel and can be postponed.

The article presents an analysis of scientific literature devoted to the study of surgical anatomy of the ligamentous apparatus and metatarsal bones of the human foot. The literature covers the issues of macroanatomy and histology of the ligaments and metatarsal bones of the foot quite fully. At the same time, issues related to the same shape and size of bones, the relative position of ligaments, their histotopographic features are contradictory, which is associated with high variability, individual and age variability in combination with a number of social factors and features of the regions of residence. The work shows that at present, the data of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the anatomy and topography of the bones and ligaments of the metatarsal bones of the human foot are presented either by sectional studies or by the results of clinical observations using diagnostic equipment. The existing studies do not provide a comprehensive picture of the surgical anatomy of the ligamentous apparatus and metatarsal bones of the human foot. The article reflects the need for widespread use in fundamental anatomical studies of ligaments and metatarsal bones using the histotopographic method of research, quantitative and qualitative assessment of morphological parameters, which open up new possibilities for diagnosing pathological processes and developing new surgical techniques.

Background. Vibroacoustic therapy is used as a non-drug method of correcting respiratory disorders in various diseases, including acute poisoning. The effect of vibroacoustic therapy on blood cells currently remains unexplored.Objective. To evaluate the impact of vibroacoustic therapy on the morphofunctional rate of erythrocytes and platelets in patients with acute poisoning in patients with acute poisoning.Material and methods. Thirty eight patients with complicated acute poisoning transferred to the Toxicology Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine were examined. In 19 patients, along with the standard therapy, a vibroacoustic therapy was performed using a VibroLUNG device (the main study group); the other 19 patients received only standard therapy (the comparison group). Vibroacoustic therapy began on the 2nd day after the patient admission to the Toxicology Department. The course of vibroacoustic therapy consisted of 2–9 procedures. Morphofunctional analysis of erythrocytes and platelets in all cases was performed before the start of the vibroacoustic therapy (before treatment) and before discharge from the hospital (1–2 days after completing the vibroacoustic therapy course).Results. In both groups, before treatment, we noted normal morphofunctional rate of erythrocytes and normal level of platelets with granules in the circulating blood. The level of severely damaged or altered platelets was only slightly higher than normal and did not differ between the groups. Meanwhile, in 50% of patients, platelets had a tendency to spontaneous activation and hyperactivation. Before discharge, the morph functional parameters of erythrocytes and platelets did not significantly change in both groups, while treatment with vibroacoustic therapy allowed to eliminate or reduce spontaneous platelet activation in 7 of 9 patients in the main study group. In the comparison group spontaneous platelet activation was absent in only 3 of 10 patients. In parallel, the time till pneumonia resolution turned statistically significantly reduced, by 1.5 times.Conclusions. In acute exogenous poisoning with complicated course, the risk of spontaneous platelet activation and hyperactivation increases. Vibroacoustic therapy does not violate the structural integrity of circulating erythrocytes and platelets. Vibroacoustic therapy, using the VibroLUNG device, reduces the tendency of platelets to spontaneous activation and hyperactivation, reduces the time for resolving pneumonia.

There has been significant increase in mental disorders prevalence in pediatric population around the world. Increasing incidence of autism, intellectual incapacity, hyperkinetic disorders, and schizophrenia gives causes for specific concern. Clarifying mental disorders’ etiology and pathogenesis is the priority of researchers. The role of systemic inflammation in psychiatric disorders development currently remains the least studied. However, it can already be stated that generalized peripheral inflammation is the important factor associated with the development of mental disorders both in adults and children. This review presents latest data, as well as an authors’ assessment of systemic inflammation role in the most common mental disorders development in children. Comparative analysis of acute and chronic systemic inflammation manifestations has been performed. The major pathogenetic mechanisms of “systemic damage” in mental disorders have been identified.

Using annual average values, the relationships are examined of the geomagnetic indices SYM-H, ASY-H, and Dst with solar wind parameters in 1981–2015. The data used was divided into two samples according to the sign of the north-south component Bn of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Variations in the annual average values of each of the Dst, SYM-H, and ASY-H indices for southward and northward IMF have been found to be similar and their linear correlation coefficients r to be high: 0.871, 0.863, and 0.943 respectively. The similarity between variations of the indices with different signs of Bn is probably due to their connection with the number of sunspots. It has been established that Dst, SYM-H, and ASY-H depend on the solar wind parameter β: their absolute values decrease with increasing β, regardless of Bn sign. The decrease in the indices with increasing β is likely to be caused by the transition of the magnetosphere to a quiet state due to the increasing predominance of thermal pressure over magnetic one in the solar wind and a decrease in the level of solar wind turbulence. SYM-H and ASY-H have been found to reveal the closest relationships with β, whereas SYM-H more strongly depends on β for southward IMF (r=0.744) than for northward IMF (r=0.677). On the contrary, for ASY-H r=–0.741 at northward IMF and r=–0.719 at southward IMF. Similar to SYM-H, Dst (to a lesser extent) significantly correlates with β at southward IMF (r=0.629) and weaker at northward IMF (r=0.456).

Relevance.The search for new methods of effective therapy for traumatic brain injury is one of the important tasks of modern biomedicine. One promising approach for treating traumatic brain injury is cell therapy. The aim of the work is to study the therapeutic effect of glial progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stromal cells in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury.Materials and Methods.Modeling of traumatic brain injury was carried out on mature male Wistar rats. The therapeutic group was administered asingle dose of 750*103cells/ml glial progenitor cells with avolume of 1 ml, and the control group — 1 ml of phosphate-­buffered saline. Administration was carried out intra-­arterially 24 hours after injury. To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness, an MRI study was performed on the 14th day, as well as alimb-placing test on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3 and 7 after administration to assess the migration and distribution of stained cells (concentration 750*103cells/ml) by lipophilic dye PKH26 (Sigma, USA) at the rat’s brain tissues after traumatic brain injury. Measurements of injury volume and counts of PKH26-stained cells were performed using ImageJ software (Wayne Rasband, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 8.2.0 program (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA).Results and Discussion.Administration of GPCs led to decreasing the damage volume. Significant decrease in sensorimotor deficit was observed on days 3, 7 and 14 after injury compared with the control group. Intra-arterial administration resulted in successful delivery of glial progenitor cells to brain tissue. Cells were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum on day 1, and were not observed on days 3 and 7 after administration.Conclusion.Intra-arterial administration of GPCs leads to efficient migration of cells into brain tissue. Glial progenitor cells therapy promotes neurorecovery processes after traumatic brain injury. This therapy is apromising treatment for traumatic brain injury.

In a modern large city, it is mandatory to have playgrounds in residential areas. The level of social well-being and well-being of urban space is also assessed by the presence of a children’s playground in each residential courtyard. However, from a city-ecological point of view, is it advisable to organize parking on boulevards, in small squares, in courtyards next to car parks? In order to understand this, the state regulatory requirements and standards for the organization of children’s playgrounds in a large industrial city were studied; The territories of playgrounds were identified, the location of which raises doubts about the correctness of their placement; a geochemical analysis of natural environments was performed – the surface layer of air, soils and soils, snow cover on the territory of playgrounds and adjacent zones. An assessment was made of the compliance of of the geochemical analysis results with existing standards for the placement of playgrounds in urban space and urban planning solutions were proposed to optimize the locations of playgrounds created contrary to existing standards.

Abstract During infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) forms physiologically distinct subpopulations that are recalcitrant to treatment and undetectable using standard diagnostics. These difficult to culture or differentially culturable (DC) Mtb are revealed in liquid media, their revival is often stimulated by resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpf) and prevented by Rpf inhibitors. Here, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in promoting the DC phenotype. Rpf-dependent DC Mtb were detected following infection of interferon-γ-induced macrophages capable of producing NO, but not when inducible NO synthase was inactivated. After exposure of Mtb to a new donor for sustained NO release (named NOD), the majority of viable cells were Rpf-dependent and undetectable on solid media. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad transcriptional response to NOD, including down-regulation of all five rpf genes. The DC phenotype was partially reverted by over-expression of Rpfs which promoted peptidoglycan remodelling. Thus, NO plays a central role in the generation of Rpf-dependent Mtb, with implications for improving tuberculosis diagnostics and treatments.

This article explores the plot and motivational parallels present in the heroic epics of the Karachay-Balkar and Yakut traditions. It focuses on a central theme that is vital to the genre: the trials faced by the epic hero. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the unique features of overlapping plot motifs within these two Turkic narrative traditions, thereby illuminating their thematic and poetic characteristics. The research draws on a representative corpus of heroic epic recordings from the Yakuts, Karachays, and Balkars, collected throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as narratives from other Turkic and Mongolicspeaking communities. Despite the significant geographical and temporal distances between these traditions, the analysis reveals a noteworthy number of coinciding plot situations and motifs. This study delves into the nuances of their representation and variation, tracing potential folkloric connections and origins. Particular attention is given to specific plots, such as “shooting at a distant celestial object,” “the hero’s temptation by a group of antagonists,” and “the stone that crumbles beneath the feet of the true hero.” The textual analysis concludes that there is a remarkable similarity in the concept of the epic hero across these traditions, alongside a rich variety of plots and motifs that likely trace back to a common source in Central Asia.

Abstract The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double- $$\beta $$ β ( $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β ) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double- $$\beta $$ β ( $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β ) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay spectral distortions. 100Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a 100Mo exposure of 1.47 kg $$\times $$ × years, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay with Lorentz violation, and $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay events among the next-generation experiments.

Abstract Background Russo-Ukrainian war is associated with severe traumas, including injuries to the major vessels. Penetrating aortic injury remains one of the most difficult injuries; the mortality rate is 90–100% in case of gunshot wounds, associated with frequent lethal outcomes due to uncontrolled bleeding. Of the three main abdominal veins, the inferior vena cava (IVC) is the most frequently damaged, which is required quick and appropriate surgical decisions to be made. Little is known about the management of gunshot injuries to such major vessels as the aorta and IVC. It is also worth mentioning about the importance to share our practical experience from the ongoing war for better understanding and future considerations by war surgeons of the vascular trauma management. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the specific features of the diagnosis and management of a gunshot shrapnel blind penetrating wound to the abdomen with injury to the aortic bifurcation level and the infrarenal section of the inferior vena cava. Case presentation A 44-year-old male soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine received a gunshot injury to the abdomen from a mortars’ explosive shelling. The patient was evacuated to the Forward Surgical Team (Role 1) and received primary surgical treatment within one hour after the injury according to the “golden hour” principle. Then, evacuated was performed to the Role 3 hospital in Kharkiv. At the Role 3 hospital, the patient underwent second-look surgery as well as damage control surgery. At revision, no active bleeding was observed, and the surgical pads (packed previously by the Forward Surgical Team) were removed. Further revision showed a metal projectile within the aortic wall at the level of aortic bifurcation and wall defects were also detected for inferior vena cava. This metal projectile was removed by using the multifunctional surgical magnetic tool followed by suturing of the aortic wall defect as well as defects of the inferior vena cava. Conclusions Application of Damage Control Surgery is a useful approach in the management of severe vascular injury as well as useful to stop abdominal contamination by intestinal contents. The application of a surgical magnetic tool for the searching and removal of ferromagnetic foreign bodies reduces operative trauma and reduces the time for identification of foreign bodies.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a single or double administration of a preparation of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HLA) with chondroitin sulfate (CS) in post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Material and methods. The study included 91 patients with stage III post-traumatic knee OA. All patients received intra-articular (i/a) injection of high molecular weight HLA with CS; 36 patients received the drug once (group 1) and 55 twice (group 2) with an average interval of 7±2 days. Before the start of treatment and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after i/a injection of HLA, pain intensity at rest and during movement was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and function was assessed using KOOS questionnaire (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score). Results and discussion. In general, patients receiving single and double i/a injections of HLA, pain during movement at baseline, and after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months was 6.7±1.1; 4.0±0.7; 4.3±0.8; 4.6±1.0; 4.5±1.1 and 5.3±0.4 cm; pain at rest – 2.7±0.6; 1.5±0.2; 1.8±0.2; 2.1±0.5; 2.2±0.3 and 2.6±0.2 cm, and KOOS score was 35.9±13.6; 43.5±13.6; 49.2±17.6; 57.0±12.5; 51.5±11.7 and 40.3±10.2, respectively. In group 1, pain during movement at the same time line reached 6.7±1.2; 4.0±0.7; 4.3±1.1; 4.6±.08; 4.5±0.6 and 5.3±1.3 cm; pain at rest – 2.7±0.5; 1.5±0.3; 1.8±0.4; 2.1±0.4; 2.2±0.6 and 2.6±0.6 cm; KOOS score – 37.2±8.7; 39.1±10.1; 43.0±12.3; 47.0±13.6; 49.5±14.7 and 35.7±12.4, respectively.In the 2nd group, pain during movement was 6.1±1.5; 3.3±0.7; 3.6±0.6; 3.4±0.5; 3.7±0.4 and 4.4±0.3 cm; pain at rest was 2.6±0.3; 1.9±0.2; 1.1±0.2; 0.9±0.1; 0.7±0.1 and 1.7±0.3 cm; KOOS score was 34.7±9.4; 47.1±11.1; 59.3±11.5; 61.4±12.7; 57.2±14.3 and 45.7±12.4, respectively. Conclusion. In patients with stage III knee OA, double injections of HLA with HS were more effective. The maximum pain reduction and functional improvement were observed in the first 3 months after local injection therapy.

Invasion and metastasis are important hallmarks of lung cancer, and affect patients’ survival. Early diagnostics of metastatic potential are important for treatment management. Recent findings suggest that the transition to an invasive phenotype causes changes in the expression of 700–800 genes. In this context, the biomarkers restricted to the specific type of cancer, like lung cancer, are often overlooked. Some well-known protein biomarkers correlate with the progression of the disease and the immunogenicity of the tumor. Most of these biomarkers are not exclusive to lung cancer because of their significant role in tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of others does not necessarily indicate cell invasiveness, as they play an active role in cell division. Clinical studies of lung cancer use protein biomarkers to assess the invasiveness of cancer cells for therapeutic purposes. However, there is still a need to discover new biomarkers for lung cancer. In the future, minimally invasive techniques, such as blood or saliva analyses, may be sufficient for this purpose. Many researchers suggest unconventional biomarkers, like circulating nucleic acids, exosomal proteins, and autoantibodies. This review paper aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of protein biomarkers of invasiveness in lung cancer, to assess their prognostic value, and propose novel biomarker candidates.

Synthesis and study on structure and properties of organic-inorganic composites based on epoxy resin, CuO and Fe3O4 absorbing light in infrared part of spectrum was performed. The composites synthesis was performed by introduction of CuO and Fe3O4 micropowders into liquid epoxy composition with subsequent homogenization of the mixture and polymerization. The study on structure and properties of organic-inorganic composites was performed by methods of optical microscopy, infrared and visible spectroscopy, study on microhardness. According to the IR spectroscopy data, introduction of oxide particles leads to decrease in epoxy polymer degree of calcification. The composites containing Fe3O4 show relatively low light reflection until 4.2 % in the spectral range of 1000–1100 nm that corresponds to the theoretical estimation data. Incorporation of CuO and Fe3O4 micropowders into the epoxy polymer leads to an increase in microhardness from 120 to 160 MPa. Obtained experimental data can serve as the base for development of IR-absorbing organic-inorganic composites for laser technology.

Efficient second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence from deeply subwavelength and nontoxic nanoparticles is essential for nanophotonic applications. Here, we explore nonlinear optical response from mesoporous Si/SiO2, SiO2, and Si nanoparticles, considering various fabrication and treatment procedures. We show that thermal annealing (including femtosecond laser treatment) of mesoporous Si/SiO2 nanoparticles provides the transformation of Si phase from amorphous to crystalline, enhancing the second harmonic and nonlinear photoluminescent response. Notably, the SiO2 mesoporous frame of the considered Si/SiO2 nanoparticles plays a dual positive role for the nonlinear process: it stabilizes the Si material, and SiO2:OH− material has a second-order nonlinearity itself and impacts to the observed second harmonic signal.

Professor Alexander M. Seagal (1887–1968), was one of the first Russian cardiologists to identify cardiac arrhythmias as a separate independent problem in cardiology. In addition to numerous works on various issues of therapy and cardiology, he is the author of apparently the first Russian monograph on arrhythmology, "Rhythms of Cardiac Activity and Their Disorders," entirely devoted to cardiac arrhythmias and which went through two editions in Soviet times (1935 and 1958). An analysis of the mechanisms of not only pathological rhythms, but also physiological ones was carried out, an original clinical and electrocardiographic classification of bradycardias ("neurogenic" and "myogenic") and paroxysmal tachycardias was given, the electrophysiological and pathohistological basis of arrhythmias known at that time and methods of their treatment were analyzed. The book shows variants of arrhythmias that are still rare today ("cardiac alternation", etc.), and describes clinical variants of paroxysmal tachycardias, including atypical ones — induced by allergic triggers. In all cases of clinical examples, not only the clinical description and ECG picture of the arrhythmia are provided, but also the necessary therapeutic measures and prognosis. The clinic of arrhythmogenic syncope and other arrhythmic symptoms, which are still relevant in our time, is analyzed. Being a famous music connoisseur, A. M. Seagal used an original approach to recording the tones and rhythms of the heart, using a musical staff. Many clinical observations and conclusions are interesting and relevant in our time. A. M. Seagal was undoubtedly the one who stood at the origins of Russian arrhythmology, as a separate direction in cardiology.

Background. Reducing malignant mortality to 185 cases per 100,000 by 2030 is one of goals of the state program “Healthcare development” in Russia.Aim. To assess potential impact of using trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with breast cancer on reducing cancer mortality.Materials and methods. Three indications of trastuzumab deruxtecan were considered: adult patients with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic breast cancer that were previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane in the advanced or metastatic setting (referred as “Second line”); adult patients with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic breast cancer who previously received at least two lines of therapy in the metastatic setting including trastuzumab emtansine (referred as “Third line”); adult patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer who had received one or two previous lines of chemotherapy (referred as “HER2-low metastatic breast cancer”). The set of comparators for each clinical situation was formed based on the clinical guidelines and clinical trials of trastuzumab deruxtecan. Overall survival and treatment duration were modelled on the clinical trials basis. The model was used to estimate number of lives saved in case of transitioning all eligible patients to trastuzumab deruxtecan within a three-year horizon.Results. Up to 3,609 patients p. a. in the “Second line” situation, 1,300 patients p. a. in the “Third line” situation and 2,260 patients p. a. in the “HER2-low breast cancer” situation can initiate trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment. In that case mortality from neoplasms could be reduced by 1,461 deaths in case of “Second line”, by 427 deaths in case of “Third line” and by 801 deaths in case of “HER2-low metastatic breast cancer” over three years. Reduction in mortality will contribute to achieving the target mortality rate from neoplasms of 21.61–24.81 %, 4.31–12.57 % and 5.91–20.89 %, respectively.Conclusion. Using trastuzumab deruxtecan for breast cancer treatment in different clinical situations leads to quantitate reduction in cancer mortality in Russia.

Second harmonic generation is a non-linear optical phenomenon in which coherent radiation with frequency ω interacts with a non-centrosymmetric material and produces coherent radiation at frequency 2ω. Owing to the exciting physical phenomena that take place during the non-linear optical excitation at the nanoscale, there is currently extensive research in the non-linear optical responses of nanomaterials, particularly in low-dimensional materials. Here, we review recent advancements in the polarization-resolved second harmonic generation propertied from atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals and present a unified theoretical framework to account for their nonlinear optical response. Two major classes of 2D materials are particularly investigated, namely metal chalcogenides and perovskites. The first attempts to tune and control the second harmonic generation properties of such materials via the application of specific nanophotonic schemes are additionally demonstrated and discussed. Besides presenting recent advances in the field, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.

The problem of testing sandwich specimens with composite facing layers and a transversally soft core for four-point bending was formulated. The localized external load from the loading rollers to the facing layer of the specimen was assumed to be transmitted through composite tabs, which reduced the stress concentration in the compressed facing layer. The external facing layers and tabs were analyzed for deformation mechanics using S.P. Timoshenko’s kinematic model. The model considered compression in the facing layers but not in the tabs. The core was classified as transversally soft with zero tangential stresses. The tabs were connected to the facing layers through adhesive interlayers, and the displacement vectors of the front surfaces of the tabs were coupled kinematically with the displacement vectors of the front surfaces of the facing layers. The relationships between the transverse shear stresses and strain in the facing layers were assumed to be physically nonlinear, with the shear modulus being a function of the shear strain.Using the generalized variational principle of virtual displacements, a system of nonlinear differential equilibrium equations for the facing layers and tabs was derived. The system was closed by three more equations, which were the conditions for the kinematic coupling of the facing layers with the core based on tangential displacements. To numerically solve the formulated problem, the finite sum method, also known as the method of integrating matrices, was employed. This method involved reducing the original boundary value problem to integro-algebraic equations with Volterra-type operators of the second kind and additional relations for determining the unknown integration constants. The algorithm of the developed method was implemented as an application software, which facilitated a series of computational experiments. The results obtained were compared with the experimental data on the four-point bending of sandwich specimens with the facing layers made of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite characterized by specific geometric and physico-mechanical properties, as well as with tabs under the loading rollers. It was shown that the use of tabs significantly increases the ultimate compressive failure stresses in the facing layers.

Abstract Background Among the non-traditional antibacterial agents in development, only a few targets critical Gram-negative bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii or cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Endolysins and their genetically modified versions meet the World Health Organization criteria for innovation, have a novel mode of antibacterial action, no known bacterial cross-resistance, and are being intensively studied for application against Gram-negative pathogens. Methods The study presents a multidisciplinary approach, including genetic engineering of LysECD7-SMAP and production of recombinant endolysin, its analysis by crystal structure solution following molecular dynamics simulations and evaluation of antibacterial properties. Two types of antimicrobial dosage forms were formulated, resulting in lyophilized powder for injection and hydroxyethylcellulose gel for topical administration. Their efficacy was estimated in the treatment of sepsis, and pneumonia models in BALB/c mice, diabetes-associated wound infection in the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and infected burn wounds in rats. Results In this work, we investigate the application strategies of the engineered endolysin LysECD7-SMAP and its dosage forms evaluated in preclinical studies. The catalytic domain of the enzyme shares the conserved structure of endopeptidases containing a putative antimicrobial peptide at the C-terminus of polypeptide chain. The activity of endolysins has been demonstrated against a range of pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Achromobacter spp, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Haemophylus influenzae, including those with multidrug resistance. The efficacy of candidate dosage forms has been confirmed in in vivo studies. Some aspects of the interaction of LysECD7-SMAP with cell wall molecular targets are also discussed. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate the potential of LysECD7-SMAP therapeutics for the systemic or topical treatment of infectious diseases caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacterial species and are critical to proceed LysECD7-SMAP-based antimicrobials trials to advanced stages.

Abstract Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease. GDLD is characterized by the loss of barrier function in corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and amyloid deposition due to pathogenic variants in the TACSTD2 gene. Limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) has been suggested as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with GDLD. However, despite LSCT, amyloid deposition recurs in some patients. The pathogenesis of recurrence is poorly studied. We present the case of a patient with GDLD. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous deletion, NM_002353.3:c.653del, in the TACSTD2 gene. Functional analysis in a cell model system revealed the loss of the transmembrane domain and subcellular protein mislocalization. The patient with GDLD underwent direct allogeneic LSCT with epithelial debridement followed by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty 10 months later due to amyloid deposition and deterioration of vision. Taken together, the results of transcriptome analysis and immunofluorescence staining of post-LSCT corneal sample with amyloid deposits obtained during keratoplasty demonstrated complete restoration of wild-type TACSTD2 expression, indicating that donor CECs replaced host CECs. Our study provides experimental evidence that amyloid deposition can recur after LSCT despite complete restoration of wild-type TACSTD2 expression.

This article describes the study of attention concentration in children using a new method — the ATTON test for the first time. The duration of the test, the response rate, the number of errors and correct answers in the main (106 children) and control (108 children) groups were measured. The authors identified differences in the groups in test duration, response rate, number of errors and correctly completed tasks at the significance level α

Aim of the study was to analyze the frequency and dynamics of schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder and autism in children and adolescents in Moscow and in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) for 2021–2022 to determine the need for appropriate support measures for this population group. Material and methods. The dynamics of primary and general morbidity of mental diseases, including children and adolescents, as well as primary and general morbidity of schizophrenia (F20), schizotypal disorder (F21) and autism among children and adolescents in Moscow and in the KBR for 2021–2022, corresponding to the ICD-10 codes, are considered. Results and discussion. There is an increase in the overall incidence of mental illness in 2021 and 2022 both in Moscow (an increase of 8.4 %) and in the KBR (an increase of 0.3 %), of which among the child population (10.9 and 2.2 %, respectively). An enhancement of the primary incidence of mental illness in Moscow was revealed with an increase of 23.7 %, in the KBR with an increase of 1.1 %, among the child population corresponding values were 29.4 and 10.6 %. The overall incidence of schizophrenia decreased by 1.1 % in Moscow and by 0.5 % in the KBR, among the child population – by 1.3 and 21.3 %, respectively. The overall incidence of schizotypal disorder enhanced by 9.1 % in Moscow, by 8.1 % in the KBR, among the child population – by 7.9 and 0 %, respectively. A decrease in the primary incidence of schizophrenia was revealed by 0.1 % in Moscow, by 91 % in the KBR. Among the child population it increased by 25.6 % in Moscow and decreased by 100 % in the KBR, as well as number of newly diagnosed cases of schizophrenia. The primary incidence of schizotypal disorder rose by 34.1 % in Moscow, by 16.7 % in the KBR, among the child population it decreased by 1 % and hasn’t changed, respectively. It is possible to note an increase in the total incidence of autism in 2021–2022 both in Moscow (by 21.1 %) and in the KBR (by 9.4 %), while the number of newly diagnosed cases of autism in Moscow increased by 26.3 %, then in the CBD it decreased by 66.8 %. Conclusions. A diagnostic bias was revealed – a decrease in the number of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20) and a significant increase in the number of patients diagnosed with schizotypal disorder (F21). The statistical data obtained mainly indicate an improvement in the diagnosis of autism in childhood in Moscow and a decrease in the incidence of autism in the KBR.

The aim of the study – Is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of a functional unloading orthosis with the possibility of varus–valgus correction (FUOVVC) in patients with stage III osteoarthritis of the knee joint.Materials and methods. The study involved 10 patients with stage III osteoarthritis of the knee joint who underwent outpatient treatment at the V.A. Nasonova Federal State Medical University of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. All patients used the FUOVVC for 3 months. To evaluate the results, pain intensity was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS) and knee joint function according to the knee injury and osteoarthritis KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) questionnaire before using the orthosis, after 1 and 3 months. Additionally, the assessment of VAS was carried out immediately after fixation of the orthosis on the knee joint.Results. The median age of the patients was 63.5 [55.0; 74.0] years, body mass index – 29.9 [27.9; 34.0] kg/m2, pain according to VAS baseline – 40.0 [40.0; 60.0] mm, pain according to VAS 1 hour after the start of the use of The median age of the patients was 63.5 [55.0; 74.0] years, body mass index – 29.9 [27.9; 34.0] kg/m2, pain according to VAS baseline – 40.0 [40.0; 60.0] mm, pain according to VAS 1 hour after the start of the use of FUOVVC – 25.0 [10.0; 30.0] mm, pain according to VAS after 1 month – 10.0 [0.0; 20.0] mm, VAS after 3 months – 10.0 [0.0; 20.0] mm. The median score according to the KOOS questionnaire was initially 41.5 [38.0; 50.0], after 1 month – 61.0 [53.0; 63.0], after 3 months – 63.5 [58.0; 64.0]. None of the patients had any adverse events when wearing the FUOVVC. – 25.0 [10.0; 30.0] mm, pain according to VAS after 1 month – 10.0 [0.0; 20.0] mm, VAS after 3 months – 10.0 [0.0; 20.0] mm. The median score according to the KOOS questionnaire was initially 41.5 [38.0; 50.0], after 1 month – 61.0 [53.0; 63.0], after 3 months – 63.5 [58.0; 64.0]. None of the patients had any adverse events when wearing the FUOVVC.

We present a standardized metadata template for assays used in pharmaceutical drug discovery research, according to the FAIR principles. We also describe the use of an automated tool for annotating assays from a variety of sources, including PubChem, commercial assay providers, and the peer-reviewed literature, to this metadata template. Adoption of a standardized metadata template will allow drug discovery scientists to better understand and compare the increasing amounts of assay data becoming available, and will facilitate the use of artificial intelligence tools and other computational methods for analysis and prediction. Since bioassays drive advances in biomedical research, improvements in assay metadata can improve productivity in discovery of new therapeutics, platform technologies, and assay methods.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in lung cancer is a significant prognostic factor that influences treatment and outcomes, yet its reliable detection is challenging due to interobserver variability. This study aims to develop a deep learning model for LVI detection using whole slide images (WSIs) and evaluate its effectiveness within a pathologist's information system. Experienced pathologists annotated blood vessels and invading tumor cells in 162 WSIs of non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma sourced from two external and one internal datasets. Two models were trained to segment vessels and identify images with LVI features. DeepLabV3+ model achieved an Intersection-over-Union of 0.8840 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.9869 in vessel segmentation. For LVI classification, the ensemble model achieved a F1-score of 0.9683 and an AUC-ROC of 0.9987. The model demonstrated robustness and was unaffected by variations in staining and image quality. The pilot study showed that pathologists' evaluation time for LVI detecting decreased by an average of 16.95%, and by 21.5% in “hard cases”. The model facilitated consistent diagnostic assessments, suggesting potential for broader applications in detecting pathological changes in blood vessels and other lung pathologies.

Post-translational modifications of beta-amyloid (Aβ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ modifications such as Ser8 phosphorylation (pS8-Aβ42) and Asp7 isomerization (iso-Aβ42) can significantly alter the properties of Aβ and have been detected in vivo. One of the reasons for the different pathogenicity of Aβ isoforms may be the activation of different signaling cascades leading to changes in the mechanical properties of cells. In this paper, we used correlative scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) and Pt-nanoelectrodes to compare the effects of Aβ isoforms on the Young’s modulus of SH-SY5Y cells and the level of ROS. It was found that unmodified Aβ42 resulted in the largest increase in cell Young’s modulus of all isoforms after 4 h of incubation, while pS8-Aβ42 induced the greatest increase in stiffness and ROS levels after 24 h of incubation. Analysis of signaling proteins involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton showed that Aβ42, pS8-Aβ42 and iso-Aβ42 have different effects on cofilin, GSK3β, LIMK, ERK and p38. This indicates that post-translational modifications of Aβ modulate its effect on neuronal cells through the activation of various signaling cascades, which affects the mechanical properties of cells.

Abstract Flexible electronic devices extended abilities of humans to perceive their environment conveniently and comfortably. Among them, flexible magnetic field sensors are crucial to detect changes in the external magnetic field. State‐of‐the‐art flexible magnetoelectronics do not exhibit low detection limit and large working range simultaneously, which limits their application potential. Herein, a flexible magnetic field sensor possessing a low detection limit of 22 nT and wide sensing range from 22 nT up to 400 mT is reported. With the detection range of seven orders of magnitude in magnetic field sensor constitutes at least one order of magnitude improvement over current flexible magnetic field sensor technologies. The sensor is designed as a cantilever beam structure accommodating a flexible permanent magnetic composite and an amorphous magnetic wire enabling sensitivity to low magnetic fields. To detect high fields, the anisotropy of the giant magnetoimpedance effect of amorphous magnetic wires to the magnetic field direction is explored. Benefiting from mechanical flexibility of sensor and its broad detection range, its application potential for smart wearables targeting geomagnetic navigation, touchless interactivity, rehabilitation appliances, and safety interfaces providing warnings of exposure to high magnetic fields are explored.