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The trees inventory is very important for forestry and environment-related issues, where tree morphology is one of the key components. LiDAR technology is being selected over other techniques for the trees three-dimensional mapping and inventory. In this paper a methodology for point cloud registration and georeferencing of LiDAR point cloud, and computation of tree morphological parameters, namely tree height, crown diameter, crown projection area is presented. The instruments used for the point cloud acquisition, registration and georeferencing were total station, global navigation satellite system, terrestrial laser scanner. Data from all three instruments were transformed into a common coordinate system that is Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system. In transformed point cloud, the z-axis of the coordinate system is towards plumb line. The tree height, crown diameter, crown projection area are computed based on point cloud-derived canopy height model and tree top detection.

Fifteen genotypes were used to studies the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient for growth and yield attributing characters in fennel. The highest PCV and GCV were recorded in seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The highest heritability was noticed for seed yield per plant, number of umbelles per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. Plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to first flowering exhibited highest genetic advance as percentage of mean. The seed yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with number of number of secondary branches per plant, plant height, number of umbellates per umbel and test weight. Number of secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, test weight and number of umbellates per umbel had direct effect on seed yield per plant. Therefore, greater emphasis should be given on these characters for genetic improvement of fennel.

The rapid expansion of cities and increasing population means that land is limited and what land is available is shaped in an erratic manner, while its demand is increasing day by day. Therefore, to cope with this increasing demand and to achieve maximum utilization of resources, tall buildings are being built. However, these buildings are extremely vulnerable to lateral loads, particularly wind loads.To ensure the safety of these buildings, wind tunnel studies are used to examine the effects of wind loads. To combat the issue of shortage of wind tunnel facilities in the world, numerical analysis is used instead. Thus, this project aims to analyse the impact of wind effects on high-rise buildings of different shapes with the help of CFD, by making use of ANSYS. The wind effects have been assessed by obtaining the velocity profile and turbulent profile, pressure contours for different faces of the building, and velocity streamlines for the plan and elevation of the building.

This reported protocol provides alkynyl esters with good yields, and a broad substrate scope, less reaction time, neat reaction conditions, and enhanced values of green chemistry are its advantageous features.

Excessive water production in the oil field is the major difficulty in production for the petroleum industry. Remedial techniques need to be applied to control this excess water production considering the health, safety, and environmental issues and improve the reservoir's economic and productive life. In this study polymer gel system comprising the polymer partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) and organic cross-linkers (Hydroquinone and Hexamethylene tetramine) were prepared as a water shut-off system to control the excessive production of water in the oil field. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, pH, cross-linker concentration, degree of hydrolysis, and divalent cations on gelation time was investigated using the bottle testing method. The importance of retarders at high temperatures was also evaluated. The gelation temperature was varied from 90 °C to 120 °C to study the effect of different parameters on the gelation time and gel behavior. This study suggests that Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PHPA) with organic cross-linkers can be an effective polymer gel system for water shut-off operations, and with the addition of retarders at high temperature to control gelation time, the performance of the gel can be improved.

Indolylimidazole ring-containing natural and synthesized compounds have shown vast biological activities. These indolylimidazole compounds contain both indole and imidazole rings. The indolylimidazole structure resembling compounds 1a-1d and 2a-2d were synthesized by a green and efficient one-pot four components condensation of indole-3-carbaldehyde, benzil, ammonium-acetate, and substituted amines under microwave irradiation using Amberlyst A-15 as a recyclable catalyst. The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectrometric studies. These compounds' antibacterial and antifungal activities were screened and compared with the standard drug. The compound 1c was found to be the most active derivative in these compounds, with a minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 09.9 to 12.5 μg/mL. Compound 1d also showed potent activity against Candida albicans. The sensitivity order of compounds was found 1a1d against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli and 1a

Thiosemicarbazones are class of compounds which are obtained by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with carbonyl compounds. The transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones are widely considered due to their broad spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antitumor and antifungal activities. In present research work a series of four novel Cu(II) aryl thiosemicarbazones complexes having the general composition [Cu(L1)2Cl2], [Cu(L2)2Cl2], [Cu(L3)2Cl2] and [Cu(L4)2Cl2]{where L1= 4-nitroacetophenone thiosemicarbazones (4NAT), L2 = 3-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3NBT), L3 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (4HBT) and L4 = 4-aminoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (4AAT)} have been synthesized by the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with substituted aromatic aldehydes and ketones by conventional heating as well as microwave irradiations method followed by complexation with Cu(II) metal. The synthesized compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, melting point determination, FTIR, UV-visible spectral analysis. Thiosemicarbazone ligands behave as bidentate ligand and forms octahedral complexes with Cu(II). The synthesized ligands and their new metal complexes have been screened in vitro for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The result shows that all the Cu(II) complexes are potent antibacterial agents against these bacteria.

Concurrent headspace single-drop microextraction/solid-phase microextraction has been conducted on the same sample and vial and sample preparation was completed in the time duration of a single experiment.

Aim: The functionalization and characterization of antibacterial nanoceria with folic acid (FA) and elucidation of their in vivo wound-healing application. Materials & methods: Functionalization of nanoceria were done with FA using a chemical method and their antibacterial activity, cellular biocompatibility and in vivo wound-healing application were evaluated. Results: The functionalization of nanoceria with FA was done with 10–20 nm size and -20.1 mV zeta potential. The nanoformulation showed a bacteriostatic effect along with biocompatibility to different cell lines; 0.1% w/v spray of FA-nanoceria demonstrated excellent wound-healing capacity within 14 days in a Wister rat model. Conclusion: The antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of the FA-nanoceria make it a promising therapeutic agent as a unique spray formulation in wound-healing applications.

Minerals such as zinc (Zn) are abundant in the Earth's crust, serving as cofactors for a variety of proteins and modulating immune functions, however, in high doses, it might cause toxic effects on the body. This study examined the effects of excessive Zn concentrations on fish hematological parameters. The authors employed fresh water fishes Clarias batrachus as an experimental model and treated them with three different concentrations of Zn. The treatment with Zn was done for total 28 days and hematological parameters were assessed at different time intervals. As compared to control, Zn treated fishes showed considerable changes in hematological parameters such as, Haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), total leucocytes count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The present study showed that exposure to Zn could be linked to chronic and acute hematological toxicity in fishes in time and dose-dependent manner.

This experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) during Kharif season at Student’s Instructional Farm (SIF) of Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the effect of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), phosphorus levels and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth and yield of Green gram with variety Shweta (K.M. 2241) was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) and replicated thrice. This experiment included 20 treatment combinations, the levels of FYM viz., control (F0), 1.0 t (F1), 2.0 t (F2) and 3.0 t (F3) and levels of phosphorus viz., PSB only (P1), 20 kg P2O5 (P2), 20 kg P2O5 + PSB (P3), 40 kg P2O5 (P4) and 40 kg P2O5 + PSB (P5). The result of this study showed the interaction effect of FYM, phosphorous & PSB were non-significant. In the different levels of FYM, the 3.0 tons ha-1 FYM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (40.60cm) at maturity, No. of branches plant-1 (4.95) at maturity, number of nodules plant-1 (24.85) at 60 DAS and dry weight of nodules plant-1 (14.34g) at 60 DAS, yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1 (14.70), weight of pod plant-1 (7.44g), pod length (6.55cm) , and test weight (41.36g), yield viz. grain or seed yield (894kg ha-1) and quality parameters viz., protein content (23.90%), protein yield (214kg ha-1), nutrient contents i.e. nutrients uptake by grain and straw of Green gram compared to other treatments and control. Among the different levels of phosphorous & PSB, 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB resulted the highest values of growth attributes viz., plant height (38.54cm) at maturity, No. of branches plant-1 (4.52) at maturity, number of nodules plant-1 (23.19) at 60 DAS and dry weight of nodules plant-1 (13.42g) at 60 DAS, yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1 (13.99), weight of pod plant-1 (6.57g), pod length (6.35cm), and test weight (40.85g), yield viz. grain or seed yield (825 kg ha-1), and quality parameters viz., protein content (23.84%), protein yield (197kg ha-1), nutrient contents i.e. nutrients uptake by grain and straw. Thus, it is possible to maximize the growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and quality of Green gram with application 3.0 tons ha-1 FYM and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB.

Microstructural variations have a strong influence on the load transfer capacity of the high-performance polymeric fibers, which is also reflected in their ballistic property changes. The focus of the present study is to investigate thermally induced microstructural changes and their reflection on the mechanical properties and theoretical ballistic limit of poly ( p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by a correlation. From the quantitative analysis of XRD, thermally induced changes in unit cell a-dimension show profound sensitivity in affecting the tenacity and modulus of the fibers. Based on the physicochemical changes in FTIR and FESEM analysis, significant surface deterioration and changes in the chemical network are observed. However, dimensional variations of the crystal structure along a-direction show a stronger influence than the chemical and morphological changes, reflecting sigmoidal responses with tenacity, modulus and theoretical V50 by correlations. As an effect of unit cell dimensional variation, changes in crystallinity are resulted and lead to the loss in theoretical ballistic limit of the fibers by following first-order kinetics. Lastly, angular separation and (200) orientation angle are determined to build a global correlation with modulus and theoretical ballistic limit for quickly decoding macro-changes in terms of micro-properties. The given correlations can help to identify crystallographic transformations upon other induction techniques and view their effect on mechanical and ballistic parameters. In addition, the given approach can be extended for different ballistic materials under any environmental conditions.

J-domain proteins (JDPs) are critical components of the cellular protein quality control machinery, playing crucial roles in preventing the formation and, solubilization of cytotoxic protein aggregates. Bacteria, yeast, and plants additionally have large, multimeric heat shock protein 100 (Hsp100)-class disaggregases that resolubilize protein aggregates. JDPs interact with aggregated proteins and specify the aggregate-remodeling activities of Hsp70s and Hsp100s. However, the aggregate-remodeling properties of plant JDPs are not well understood. Here we identify eight orthologs of Sis1 (an evolutionarily conserved Class II JDP of budding yeast) in Arabidopsis thaliana with distinct aggregate-remodeling functionalities. Six of these JDPs associate with heat-induced protein aggregates in vivo and co-localize with Hsp101 at heat-induced protein aggregate centers. Consistent with a role in solubilizing cytotoxic protein aggregates, an atDjB3 mutant had defects in both solubilizing heat-induced aggregates and acquired thermotolerance as compared with wild-type seedlings. Next, we used yeast prions as protein aggregate models to show that the six JDPs have distinct aggregate-remodeling properties. Results presented in this study, as well as findings from phylogenetic analysis, demonstrate that plants harbor multiple, evolutionarily conserved JDPs with capacity to process a variety of protein aggregate conformers induced by heat and other stressors.

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Students’ Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, situated at 125.9 meter altitude, 26.491220 North latitude, 80.3070120 East longitude, to study “Impact of irrigation scheduling, moisture conservation practices and nutrient management on performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”. The experiment consisted three irrigation scheduling viz: I1: two irrigations at CRI and Jointing stage, I2: three irrigations at CRI, Jointing and Booting stage and I3: Four irrigations at CRI, Tillering, Booting and Milking stage, two moisture conservation practices viz: M0: without mulching and M1: Organic mulch @ 10 t ha-1 + Kaolin 6% spray and three nutrient management practices viz: N1: 100% RDF (150:60:40 kg ha-1 NPK), N2: 85% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 and N3: 75% RDF + FYM @ 10.0 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in double split plot design with three replications. On pooled basis of two years experimentation the results indicated that, four irrigations at CRI, Tillering, Booting and Milking stage (I3) recorded highest value of grain yield (4381.60 kg ha-1), straw yield (6651.15 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39.70 %) with profitability in terms of net return (Rs. 83908.79 ha-1), under moisture conservation practices, organic mulch @ 10 t ha-1 + Kaolin 6% spray (M1) recorded significantly highest grain yield (4230.40 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6578.57 kg ha-1). Among the nutrient management treatments, 85% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 (N2) also recorded maximum grain yield (4117.60 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6338.71 kg ha-1) and net return (Rs. 77770.83 ha-1) compared to other treatments.