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This research investigates the critical need to integrate affective and psychomotor domains alongside cognitive development in educational systems to achieve the comprehensive 'Exit Outcomes' of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) and align with the National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF) descriptors. Traditional educational approaches are inadequate for these goals, prompting the introduction of the AI-Charya framework—a novel, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pedagogical model. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study explores the limitations of existing models and the transformative potential of generative AI. The AI-Charya framework provides adaptive, multimodal educational strategies that personalize learning and significantly enhance critical and creative thinking skills. Findings indicate that students engaged with AI-Charya show marked improvements in these areas, positioning them for success in an increasingly automated global workforce. However, the study's generalizability is limited by its specific educational contexts, and further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes. Despite these limitations, the AI-Charya framework offers a pioneering blueprint for aligning educational practices with OBE and NHEQF standards, equipping students with the holistic competencies required for dynamic, future-oriented careers. This research has significant implications for policymakers, educators and curriculum developers aiming to enhance educational excellence through innovative methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is the act of deliberately killing oneself and it is a significant cause of death in all age groups. When comparing the number of attempted and completed suicides, older people have a more significant number of successful suicide than any other age group worldwide. 'National Policy on Older Persons'-1999 defines 'elderly' or 'senior citizen' as a person of age 60 years or above. NCRB 2020 reported that around 13,126 older people per 100,000 population committed suicide in India. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, psychological, and etiological factors associated with elderly suicides, and evaluate the methods used by individuals in this age group to end their lives. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Victoria Hospital Mortuary over 18 months (February 2021 to July 2022). Out of 397 autopsies in the study age group, 67 cases of suicide were included based on the inclusion criteria. Information was collected from police reports, family members, and suicide notes, followed by a detailed analysis of autopsy findings. Results: The study revealed that 77.6% of the victims were male, with the majority falling within the 60-64 age group (40.3%). Hanging was the most common method of suicide (50.7%), followed by poisoning (34.3%). Key contributing factors included psychiatric disorders, predominantly depression (53.73%), chronic physical illness (46.27%), and social isolation or loneliness (32.84%). Conclusion: Elderly suicide is a multifactorial issue, with psychological distress, chronic illness, and social isolation being the primary contributors. Effective prevention strategies should include early mental health interventions and social support systems tailored to the needs of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of white light emitting dysprosium activated lanthanum hydroxide nanophosphors have been synthesized via microwave-assisted co-precipitation method and the structural, morphological, thermal and optical properties are examined. The formation, crystallinity and phase purity of Dy3+ doped La(OH)3 were confirmed by XRD. The observed diffraction patterns aligned with the standard ICDD database, confirming crystallization in hexagonal structure with space group P63/m and the average crystallite size computed using the Scherrer equation was found to be 20.5 nm. The distinct vibrational modes associated with the hydroxyl groups in La(OH)3 were identified through FTIR analysis. Thermal analysis demonstrated the decomposition pathways of lanthanum hydroxide to the sesquioxide form. SEM and TEM analysis were done to assess the aggregated morphology of the sample and the particle size is estimated to be in the nanometer regime as evident from the TEM image. HRTEM displays high crystallinity with well defined lattice fringes having separation of 3.16 Å, corresponding to the most intense X- ray diffraction peak. Excitation spectrum delineates peaks in NUV/UV as well as in blue region. The photoluminescence emission spectra of all the samples exhibit two prominent peaks in blue (475 nm) and yellow (571 nm) regions corresponding to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 respectively. The optimum concentration was found to be x = 0.06, beyond which the photoluminescence intensity diminishes and the critical distance for concentration quenching is determined to be 13.08 Å. The CIE values specify colour coordinates spanning from bluish white to near white and CCT value of 6045 K indicate cool white emission from the prepared phosphor. The study reveals La(1−x)Dyx(OH)3 as a potential candidate for UV/NUV excited white LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause marks a significant transition in a woman's life, typically occurring between the ages of 46 and 55 years, characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in ovarian function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of menopause, examining its physiological, psychological, and social dimensions. It explores the hormonal changes, including decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, and how these changes contribute to common symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood fluctuations. Additionally, it highlights contemporary approaches to management, including lifestyle modifications and hormonal and non-hormonal therapies. By synthesizing current research and clinical insights, this overview aims to enhance understanding and support for women navigating menopause and the healthcare professionals assisting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the interaction effects of generations, gender, and residential nature on attitudes toward interfaith marriage in a sample of 1190 Indian participants from iGen, Xennials and Millennials, and Baby Boomers generations. Data were collected using a socio-demographic response sheet and the Attitude Scale, with lower ratings indicating positive attitudes and higher ratings indicating negative attitudes. The results of this study demonstrated that generational differences are significantly associated with gender and residential nature. There was a significant interaction between generation and gender and generation and residential nature on attitudes toward interfaith marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alterations in normal metabolic processes are defining features of cancer. Glutamine, an abundant amino acid in the human blood, plays a critical role in regulating several biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways that support tumour growth. Glutaminolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glutamine into various metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and generates antioxidants that are vital for tumour cell survival. As glutaminase catalyses the initial step of this metabolic pathway, it is of great significance in cancer metabolism and tumour progression. Inhibition of glutaminase and targeting of glutaminolysis have emerged as promising strategies for cancer therapy. This review explores the role of glutaminases in cancer metabolism and discusses various glutaminase inhibitors developed as potential therapies for tumour regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility inequality is prevalent in different levels of severity in most of the development occurring worldwide. The rapid expansion of research on this topic in the last few decades has compelled scholars to comprehensively review the relevant literature. However, a bibliometric understanding of this field has not yet been conducted. We performed a bibliometric analysis of 578 articles on the subject published between 2002 and 2023, retrieved from the Web of Science, to identify and review the most influential literature. Descriptive and network analysis was carried out using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software. Insights were derived regarding the most prominent authors, sources, countries, and keywords. Future research directions on mobility inequality are also proposed. We found that accessibility is a significant research cluster in mobility inequality research and has enough potential for further development. Further, a content analysis of 48 relevant articles under the accessibility cluster was conducted. Our study is limited to a bibliometric overview and a review of key literature and does not provide an in-depth review of the whole literature. However, it can aid scholars in understanding the trends and patterns of research development on mobility inequality and in identifying research gaps and future research themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biota of the Indian subcontinent is a result of Gondwanan vicariance to some extent but largely through multiple faunal exchanges between neighbouring regions. However, in recent times, humans have influenced regional biotas through the human-mediated transport of many generalist species. In this study, we report populations of Lankascincus fallax, a skink species supposedly endemic to Sri Lanka, from the west coast of Kerala in India. We conducted morphological and genetic analysis to ascertain the identity of this species and to check whether the Indian population is monophyletic. We then performed a divergence dating analysis to test whether the presence of this population is a result of ancient dispersal into India or a result of more recent events. Additionally, we used species distribution modelling to test whether the Indian L. fallax is a result of natural dispersal into India during the past (mid-Pliocene to the last glacial maximum) when there were possible land bridges between India and Sri Lanka. We find that the Indian population is nested within the Sri Lankan L. fallax and that this population diverged from the Sri Lankan population very recently, during the Pleistocene. We do not find climatic suitability between the Indian west coast and Sri Lanka under current climatic conditions, or during the past suggesting no suitable dispersal corridors between India and Sri Lanka. Overall, we hypothesize that the Indian populations of L. fallax are likely a result of human-mediated transport into India and subsequent dispersal across the west coast of Kerala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:. Homeopathic remedies are highly diluted formulations without proven clinical benefits, traditionally believed not to cause adverse events. Nonetheless, published literature reveals severe local and non–liver-related systemic side effects. We present the first series on homeopathy-related severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from a single center. Methods:. A retrospective review of records from January 2019 to February 2022 identified 9 patients with liver injury attributed to homeopathic formulations. Competing causes were comprehensively excluded. Chemical analysis was performed on retrieved formulations using triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Results:. Males predominated with a median age of 54 years. The most typical clinical presentation was acute hepatitis, followed by acute on chronic liver failure. All patients developed jaundice, and ascites were notable in one-third of the patients. Five patients had underlying chronic liver disease. COVID-19 prevention was the most common indication for homeopathic use. Probable DILI was seen in 77.8%, and hepatocellular injury predominated (66.7%). Four (44.4%) patients died (3 with chronic liver disease) at a median follow-up of 194 days. Liver histopathology showed necrosis, portal and lobular neutrophilic inflammation, and eosinophilic infiltration with cholestasis. A total of 29 remedies were consumed between 9 patients, and 15 formulations were analyzed. Toxicology revealed industrial solvents, corticosteroids, antibiotics, sedatives, synthetic opioids, heavy metals, and toxic phyto-compounds, even in ‘supposed’ ultra-dilute formulations. Conclusion:. Homeopathic remedies potentially result in severe liver injury, leading to death in those with underlying liver disease. The use of mother tinctures, insufficient dilution, poor manufacturing practices, adulteration and contamination, and the presence of direct hepatotoxic herbals were the reasons for toxicity. Physicians, the public, and patients must realize that Homeopathic drugs are not ‘gentle placebos.’

Genetic alterations in signaling pathways that control cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell growth are common hallmarks of cancer, but the extent, mechanisms, and co-occurrence of alterations in these pathways differ between individual tumors and tumor types. Using mutations, copy-number changes, mRNA expression, gene fusions and DNA methylation in 9,125 tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyzed the mechanisms and patterns of somatic alterations in ten canonical pathways: cell cycle, Hippo, Myc, Notch, Nrf2, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, RTK-RAS, TGFβ signaling, p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. We charted the detailed landscape of pathway alterations in 33 cancer types, stratified into 64 subtypes, and identified patterns of co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity. Eighty-nine percent of tumors had at least one driver alteration in these pathways, and 57% percent of tumors had at least one alteration potentially targetable by currently available drugs. Thirty percent of tumors had multiple targetable alterations, indicating opportunities for combination therapy.

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer genomics dataset includes over 10,000 tumor-normal exome pairs across 33 different cancer types, in total >400 TB of raw data files requiring analysis. Here we describe the Multi-Center Mutation Calling in Multiple Cancers project, our effort to generate a comprehensive encyclopedia of somatic mutation calls for the TCGA data to enable robust cross-tumor-type analyses. Our approach accounts for variance and batch effects introduced by the rapid advancement of DNA extraction, hybridization-capture, sequencing, and analysis methods over time. We present best practices for applying an ensemble of seven mutation-calling algorithms with scoring and artifact filtering. The dataset created by this analysis includes 3.5 million somatic variants and forms the basis for PanCan Atlas papers. The results have been made available to the research community along with the methods used to generate them. This project is the result of collaboration from a number of institutes and demonstrates how team science drives extremely large genomics projects.

Health care workers are at the frontline for management and containment of COVID-19 infection which has put them at additional risk of the disease. Infection and subsequent quarantine of contacts among HCW may produce considerable strain on the health care system. It is essential that we study the modes by which HCW may get infected in the work environment. Methods: All HCW testing positive for SARS COV 2 from 1st March 2020 to 31st Jan 2021 were included in the study. Data regarding possible source of infection, details of symptoms along with demographic details were collected. Results: A total of 390 health-care workers tested positive for SARS CoV-2 in the institution. The mean age of affected health-care workers was 32.82 (±10.6) years (range 20–65 years), and 61.3% were female 33% of the positive HCW were doctors and 19.5% nurses. 29% of the infections occurred during patient care of which majority were from the non-COVID areas of the hospital. Interactions with infected colleagues constituted 27.4% of the infections. Symptomatics constituted 67% and the predominant symptoms included Fever, myalgia and severe headache. 57.2% of those followed up reported persistence of symptoms, commonly fatigue (53%), dyspnea on exertion (48%) and myalgia (18%). Conclusion and Recommendation: Infection control practices in non-COVID areas of the hospital needs to be stepped up. Adherence to masking and personal protection during clinical interactions and with colleagues needs to be maintained. Physical distancing at workplace and during mealtimes needs to be ensured by the system.

Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality (WHO 2014) and long-lasting disability worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with stroke, such as age, gender, chronic illnesses, cardiovascular disease, lifestyle, and smoking. With global industrialization, the roles of environmental contaminants and their association with stroke are still unclear and have attracted much more attention. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the environmental toxic metal contaminants and the risk of ischemic stroke. A comprehensive literature search was carried out till June 30, 2021 from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus. The quality of all the articles which met our inclusion criteria was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scaling, and four eligible studies were included for our systematic review. Results: The serum and urine cadmium concentrations were positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. There was an inverse association of serum and urine concentrations of mercury (Hg), serum concentration of gold and cerium with ischemic stroke, and the serum and urine concentrations of lead (Pb) had no association with ischemic stroke risk. Conclusion: The study showed strong associations between heavy metals and ischemic stroke, but more studies are required to prove the associations.

Introduction: Thoracic and lumbar fractures are among the most common type of traumatic spine fractures. With advanced surgical technique and instrumentation the use of minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures has increased. Minimally invasive spine procedures avoid excessive muscle dissection and decreases trauma to tissues during surgery. Aim: To study the outcome with minimally invasive spine surgery for thoracolumbar fractures. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective descriptive study. All patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures who had undergone minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixations from June 2016 to May 2019, in the Department of Neurosurgery were included. Cases requiring laminectomy were excluded. A total of 25 patients were included in this study. Mean blood loss, operative time, hospital stay, postoperative pain and complications were assessed. Data was entered in excel sheet and statistically analysed using charts and graphs. Results: Nineteen males (76%) and six females (24) were included in this study. Mean age of the study population was 41.45 years. Mean blood loss was 125 mL and no patient required blood transfusion. Average duration of the procedure was 104±34.9 minutes. Improved pain score was noted during postoperative period. No patient developed Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak, new onset neurological deficits and bowel or bladder involvement during the postoperative period. Conclusion: Minimally invasive spine fixation surgery is safe and less destructive procedure which is fast and is associated with minimal morbidity. Percutaneous techniques are associated with less blood loss, shorter hospital stay and improved perioperative pain scores. From the present study it was noticed that there was an increased risk for radiation associated with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation.