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L'attivazione di partnership è da tempo riconosciuta come una componente centrale degli interventi di promozione della salute. Una questione ancora aperta riguarda come valutare la qualità del lavoro di partnership e i processi che lo rendono efficace. L'obiettivo di questo con-tributo consiste nell'esplorare se il tipo di ruolo e di contributo dato dai/alle partecipanti all'interno del programma "Guadagnare salute nei contesti di comunità" della regione Emilia Romagna (2014-2016) influisca sull'efficacia del lavoro di partnership. È stato somministrato un questionario a un campione di 238 persone (65,4% donne, età media = 51,13 anni). I risultati evidenziano che i ruoli assunti e le tipologie di contributo offerto dai/alle partecipanti influi-scono sull'efficacia della collaborazione; in particolare, sulla qualità percepita del lavoro di partnership, il senso di comunità e l'empowerment.

We implemented an online anonymous survey targeted to current and former students, where the interviewed indicate whether and to what extent they cheated during written university examinations. We find that 61% of respondents have cheated once or more. Cheaters are more likely to report that their classmates and friends cheated and that in general people can be trusted. Two different cheating styles emerge: ‘social cheaters,’ who self-report that they have violated the rules interacting with others; ‘individualistic’ cheaters, who self-report that they have used prohibited materials. Only social cheaters exhibit higher levels of trust compared to individualistic cheaters.

Community coalitions or intersectoral partnerships have long been advocated for the promotion of population health. In the present study, we assessed the quality of the functioning of health promotion partnerships created within a large community health promotion program implemented by the Emilia-Romagna region located in the north-east of Italy (2014-2016). In particular, we aimed to test the effectiveness of partnership working in strengthening participants' empowerment, sense of community and ultimately, the outcomes of a well-functioning partnership, conceptualized as including perceived effectiveness of health promotion interventions developed by the partnership, trust in their implementation and personal commitment in health promotion in the future. Participants were 238 stakeholders (e.g., health professionals, representatives of local administrations, teachers, representative of community and volunteer organizations, and citizens) formally included in six partnerships lead by six major local health services. Using Bayesian structural equation modeling, we found that a higher perceived quality of collaboration within the partnership enhances the outcomes of a well-functioning partnership, by strengthening their sense of a health-promoting community and empowerment. Sense of community responsibility did not predict future commitment in health promotion. The study findings suggest that community members' ownership and feeling of responsibility, as well as empowerment constitute positive partnership processes.

Studies on youth participation tend to characterize youth as either active “good citizens” or as passive and alienated. It has been argued, however, that low levels of youth political activity are not necessarily indicative of complete disengagement from societal affairs but could be accompanied by interest and latent involvement stemming from a standby/monitorial attitude or from an attitude of distrust and need of critical supervising. A series of research, using a person-centered approach, will be presented with the aim to examine patterns of citizenship orientations among youth identified by manifest participation (civic and political activity), latent engagement (political interest) and one’s position toward institutional politics (institutional trust and external political efficacy). All analyzed data was collected through a two-wave questionnaire within the European-funded H2020 research project CATCH-EyoU. The proposed classification was analyzed in a sample of 1732 late adolescents and young adults (15–30 years old) from Italy, as well as in a cross-national longitudinal sample of 1943 upper secondary school students (15–19 years old) from Italy, Germany, Sweden, Greece and the Czech Republic. The results identify profiles of different levels of engagement, each characterized by either satisfied or dissatisfied attitude towards political institutions. The findings highlight the prevalence of latent engagement and the different faces political distrust may assume, including in different forms of participation (political, civic, online and activist). Moreover, the results explore how membership in the groups can be longitudinally influenced by socio-demographic characteristics and perceived contextual features related to school, neighbourhood, family and peers. Family background, democratic school climate, school participation and critical reflection at school were found to determine differences in the likelihood of adopting specific citizenship orientations among youth.

In this research, we examine the complex ways in which young people of different ethnic background construct their representation of citizenship in Italy. Based on a psychosocial perspective the paper will show that the representations of citizenship shared by young people are informed by personal and collective experiences and that the notion of citizenship, is not straight forward, but influenced by location within a broader social, cultural, political, economic and historical context. Therefore, this article is concerned with understanding how young people of different (Italian, Moroccan, and Albanian) ethnic background define their representations of citizenship in Italy and how these representations are anchored in their experiences of participation and everyday life. For young people, and adolescents, in particular, recognition takes place in very local circumstances (bound by home, school and neighbourhood) that can be the training grounds for the practice of citizenship. Participants The total sample includes 85 participants (40 males, 45 females) 28 were Italians, 28 were Albanians and 29 Moroccans. The mean age of the sample was 19.50 (S.D. = 2. 67; min 14 years old, max 26 years old). A total of thirteen focus groups were conducted: two involved Italian young adults (n = 14; mixed by gender) and two involved Italian adolescents (n = 13; mixed by gender). Italians were all students. Two involved Albanian young adults (n = 15; mixed by gender) and two involved Albanian adolescents (n = 14; mixed by gender). Recruitment Although the sampling was purposive, we still used a convenience sample, which means that the data is drawn from a self-selected group. Instruments The focus group included questions concerning: understanding of citizenship and of human right issues, perceptions of young people participation, opportunities and resources, perception of young people voice, perceptions of young people information and of themselves as citizens, sources of information on political and social issues and their influence, personal and group experiences of participation. We did not ask for definitions of citizenship, but we gathered them from the discussions of related themes. All the focus groups were conducted in Italian language; participants with an immigrant background were fluent even for most of them if Italian was their second language. The data were analysed following the steps of thematic content analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Results The analytic process allowed us to progress from the description of participatory experiences to the identification of specific patterns of participation that were contributing to build young people’s views on citizenship. Those specific patterns allowed us to identify five dimensions that articulate young people’s discourses on citizenship and participation: legal or admittance dimension, that refers to rights and duties that are recognized to citizen; the instrumental dimension, where citizenship is seen more in terms of overcoming practical obstacles and consequent freedom, the belonging dimension, the everyday performing dimension, the participatory dimension. Practical implications of our findings will be discussed.

Lo studio ricostruisce compiutamente la disciplina dei rimborsi Iva evidenziandone le criticità alla luce della Direttiva Europea prendendo spunto dalla sentenza delle Sezioni Unite della Cassazione n. 2320/2020

Understanding the multiple motivations for joining youth organisations can help civic and political organisers to to give voice and provide opportunities for action on social issues relevant for youth as emphasised from a critical perspective on active citizenship (Johnson & Morris,2010). Previous quantitative studies on prosocial participation (Vecina et al.,2013, Marta et al., 2006) and on civic and political participation have studied motivations to join and remain in civic organisations as linked to the dispositional and organisational variables that support youth identification with the organisation. Self- and other-oriented motivations (Omoto & Snyder, 1995) have been analysed considering the first as favouring sustained involvement while the second as related to initiation of civic engagement, thus affirming the importance of multiple motivations (Kiviniemi et al., 2002) related to participation. Studies on community participation (Cicognani & Zani, 2015, Chavis & Wandersman, 1990) further highlighted the motivations that can lead adolescents and young adults to experience belonging to an organisation, such as integrating needs and interests, having trustful relationship with peers and sharing emotions by joining community organisations. The emphasis on participation at local and community level and the construction of a peer community within the organisation is considered a first step to develop a sense of global citizenship (Arnett, 2002, Reysen & Katzarska- Miller, 2013). Building on these studies and using ethnographic cases as data, this chapter analyses the motivations of adolescents and young adults who sustain their involvement in civic organisations. 24 original narrative interviews from three different Italian youth organisations are considered as life stories of adolescents’ and young adults’ engagement. Qualitative results show that motivations for involvement are related to close peer relationships while motivations for remaining in the organisations are linked to positive emotions experienced in different phases of organisational life. Moreover, peer relationships can be considered an important factor that create new opportunities to act citizenship and to support civic and political development of youth, as highlithed in chapter 3. The construction of peer and friends network within the organisation, strengthen positive emotions and motivations to countinue to be involved in organisations, as stressed in chapter 6. Finally, the ethnographic method allows to give an in-depth lens to explore the relations among motivations of adolescents’ and young adults’ participation.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-teu-10.1177_13548166211034645 for Social influence bias in ratings: A field experiment in the hospitality sector by Simona Cicognani, Paolo Figini and Marco Magnani in Tourism Economics

Studies on youth participation tend to characterize youth as either active and trustful or as passive and alienated. This cross-national and longitudinal study examines patterns of citizenship orientations characterized by both manifest and latent involvement differentiated by one’s position toward institutional politics (trustful or distrustful) among 1,914 adolescents from five European countries (53.5% female; Mage = 16.27). Demographic and proximal contextual correlates associated with different orientations at a 1-year interval were also assessed. Latent profile analysis identified four groups of citizenship orientations among adolescents: engaged trustful, engaged distrustful, unengaged trustful, and unengaged distrustful. Differences of membership likelihood were found for background characteristics (gender and family income), school characteristics (track, democratic climate, student participation, and its perceived quality), family, and peer norms of participation. © The Author(s) 2020.

A substantial amount of literature has revealed gender gaps in political participation. However, little is known about such gaps when using more comprehensive measures of civic and political participation including online participation. In the present study, we recruited a sample (n = 1792) of young people living in Italy. Controlling for age, majority/minority status, socioeconomic status, respondents’ educational attainment, and parents’ educational attainment, we found that female participants reported higher scores on online and civic participation, while male participants were more likely to report political and activist participation. The effect size for these gender differences was small. In addition, we did not find any gender differences in voting behavior in the last European parliamentary elections, national parliamentary elections, and local elections. These findings highlight the need to move toward a more comprehensive and detailed picture of gender gaps in political engagement and participation including different types of participation.

Negli ultimi decenni, la ricerca psicologica si e avvalsa sempre di piu di strumenti informatici per la statistica testuale. T-LAB rappresenta un esempio di software modulare, costituito da un insieme di strumenti linguistici, statistici e grafici per l’analisi dei testi. Il software include un cospicuo numero di funzioni e negli ultimi anni e diventato piu popolare in diverse discipline scientifiche. Tuttavia, ad oggi non esistono delle indicazioni stringenti e specifiche rispetto al suo possibile impiego in psicologia della salute, poiche esso dipende principalmente dalla domanda di ricerca, dal modello teorico di riferimento e dal tipo di materiale utilizzato. Obiettivo del presente studio era quello di indagare le prassi di applicazione del software nel campo della psicologia della salute. Tramite una rassegna degli articoli pubblicati dal 2004 al 2016 in importanti riviste di questo settore (Psicologia della Salute, Journal of Health Psychology, Psychology Health & Medicine, Health Psychology Open), sono stati individuati 17 articoli (full-text) che si sono avvalsi del software T-LAB. I risultati mostrano una tipologia molto varia di materiali testuali analizzati. Molte delle ricerche in esame avevano un obiettivo di carattere esplorativo (coerente con un approccio qualitativo) e si e avvalsa di un numero limitato di funzioni rispetto a quelli disponibili in T-LAB. La discussione dei risultati fornisce alcune utili indicazioni sul valore aggiunto derivante dall’utilizzo di strumenti per l’analisi automatica dei testi e suggerimenti per gli sviluppi futuri.

Previous attempts to classify youth policies emphasised the importance of the underlying "concept of youth", which sustains and legitimises specific policy measures. The aim of this study is to identify, through a bottom-up approach, the main orientations which characterise recent youth policies in Italy. Twelve documents (published from 2012 to 2016) at the national, regional and local levels are analysed through content analysis. Four main policy orientations emerge, each characterised by a different representation of young people and solutions/aims. Representing young people as talents often implies an orientation toward skill development; seeing youth as a resource is often associated with the promotion of their possible contribution to the society. Negative representations of youth (as vulnerable and as problems) characterise protective solutions. Each approach is characterised as well by specific risks, strengths and supporting institutions. A useful framework for the analysis of youth policies at the national and international levels is discussed.

Il contributo ha per oggetto le prime valutazioni dei riflessi tributari della Riforma del Terzo Settore prevista dalla legge delega 106 del 2016 e nel decreto attuativo n. 117 del 2017

In the last decades, the psychological research has increased the use of informatic instruments for statistical textual analysis. T-LAB represents an example of modular software, made of a set of linguistic, statistical, and graphical instruments for textual analysis. The software includes a large number of tools and in the last years has become quite popular in different academic fields. However, precise and definite guidelines for its use in health psychology are still missing, because its use mostly depends on the research question, on the theoretical approach and from the data under analysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate praxis of application of this software in health psychology. Through a literature review of the articles which were published between 2004 and 2016 in important scientific journals (Psicologia della Salute, Journal of Health Psychology, Psychology Health & Medicine, Health Psychology Open), 17 contributions (full-text) using T-LAB were identified. Results showed a great variability in the textual materials under analysis. Many studies shared an exploratory aim (consistent with a qualitative approach) and adopted only few “popular” tools from the list that is available in T-LAB. The discussion of results provides useful implications about the possible advantages deriving from the use of statistical textual analysis and suggestions for the future.