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Despite enormous number of works of theoretical and experimental character, the problem of classification of the phenomena of loss of stability of construction designs on groups of limit conditions neither in theoretical nor in practical the relations completely isn't solved yet and it remains an attractive, complex and actual problem of construction mechanics.

A structural analysis of macroeconomic dynamics of the OECD countries andRussiain 1970–2008 has allowed to detect the main problem of Russian economy connected with the accumulated structural disproportions. It is shown that in order to perform a transition to a balanced economic structureRussiahas to fulfill an innovation-technological breakthrough in the forthcoming decade. It is shown that the optimum place forRussiain the world economy of the 21st century is connected with the high technology scientifically based production. The strategy of modernization and industrial policy that could allow to form it are discussed. We suggest the medium-term import substitution strategy as a trigger of the long-term strategy of the formation of innovation scientifically based Russian economy in the first half of the 21st century. We offer a forecasting calculation of the dynamics of technological progress and GDP forRussiaup to 2050 on the basis of our mathematical model that describes the abovementioned long-term strategy of the innovation development of the Russian economy. Those calculations suggest that the Russian economy (using GDP PPP as a criterion) may become already by 2030 the 4th largest economy of the world.

Primary lingual intestinal-type adenocarcinomas are extremely rare with only a few cases described. A case with immunohistochemical expression of Androgen Receptor (AR) which was treated solely by chemo-radiotherapy is reported herein. A 54-year-old male was referred with symptoms of fullness in his tongue. Clinical examination showed an asymmetry of the tongue with a hard mass palpable within the middle of the tongue. Biopsy showed intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. The tumour showed positive staining with cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, CDX2, AR, β-catenin and was mismatch repair proteins (MMR) proficient. The molecular analysis did not show mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes. The patient was treated with radiochemotherapy and is in remission 3.5 years after the diagnosis. This is the first case of intestinal-type tongue adenocarcinoma which showed AR expression and was treated solely with radical chemoradiotherapy.

By means of simple AN-model of economic growth and stepwise refinement of technical progress (A), modelling of two-century transition process to Great |Divergence (nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century), then—from Divergence to Convergence (second half of the twentieth century), and at last, to the acceleration of convergence in the early twenty-first century. The forecast, calculated after this model reveals that Great Convergence will occur by 2050 and the world center of production of goods and services will shift again to China, India and other Asian countries, like it was in pre-industrial era.

Caucasus occupies special place in the Eurasian region – a unique geographical, ethno-political, ethno-cultural education. Even in ancient times through the Caucasus various trade routes moved from nomadic conquerors, here rushed brave heroes for adventure and peaceful travelers. It is a place of extraordinary accumulations of peoples, tribes, with their amazing culture, historical events and grandiose battles. Particular attention is paid to the various problems of the cultural and social life of the North Caucasus people. It is noted that the current Russian political elite does not realize enough advantage of the host of the North Caucasus as a part of the country's total population. There are no close economic and cultural ties with the peoples of the South Caucasus, the system successfully overcome the inter-state and inter-ethnic conflicts. Its usage is not enough, developed in the past and diffuse lingering in this educational, scientific and cultural and economic ties between universities, research centers, theaters, businesses and so on. At deficiency of these relationships are targeted intellectuals, youth, political elites in the anti-Russian political and military blocs, transnational corporations. One of the issues pointed out in the given article is the problem of migration. In particular, it is noted that all kinds of speculation of some researchers about the "internal migration", "aliens" from the North Caucasus are counterproductive, they are directed against the region's ethnic and cultural diversity, unity of its folk, as well as a whole Russia. Unfortunately such statements do not determine the strategy of strengthening of interethnic relations in the country, but only a superficial solution to the existing problems in this area. The challenge is to identify the deeper social and economic base of solutions to these problems and to suggest ways of their successful solution. Only in this case it is possible the successful development of the North Caucasus and to strengthen their unity.

The article considers dynamic processes involving non-linear power-law behavior in such apparently diverse spheres, as demographic dynamics and dynamics of prices of highly liquid commodities such as oil and gold. All the respective variables exhibit features of explosive growth containing precursors indicating approaching phase transitions/catastrophes/crises. The first part of the article analyzes mathematical models of demographic dynamics that describe various scenarios of demographic development in the post-phase-transition period, including a model that takes the limitedness of the Earth carrying capacity into account. This model points to a critical point in the early 2050s, when the world population, after reaching its maximum value may decrease afterward stabilizing then at a certain stationary level. The article presents an analysis of the influence of the demographic transition (directly connected with the hyperexponential growth of the world population) on the global socioeconomic and geopolitical development. The second part deals with the phenomenon of explosive growth of prices of such highly liquid commodities as oil and gold. It is demonstrated that at present the respective processes could be regarded as precursors of waves of the global financial-economic crisis that will demand the change of the current global economic and political system. It is also shown that the moments of the start of the first and second waves of the current global crisis could have been forecasted with a model of accelerating log-periodic fluctuations superimposed over a power-law trend with a finite singularity developed by Didier Sornette and collaborators. With respect to the oil prices, it is shown that it was possible to forecast the 2008 crisis with a precision up to a month already in 2007. The gold price dynamics was used to calculate the possible time of the start of the second wave of the global crisis (July–August 2011); note that this forecast has turned out to be quite correct.

The article presents an analysis of strategies of Russian economic modernization. The following strategies are considered: "Innovation Russia-2020" developed by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development under the supervision of A. N. Klepach; "Strategy-2020" developed under the supervision of the Rector of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration V. A. Mau and the Rector of the National Research University "Higher School of Economics" Ya. I. Kuzminov; Russian Economy Modernization Strategy proposed by academician V. M. Polterovich; Strategy of Advance Development of Russia suggested by academician S. Yu. Glaziev, and the Balanced Development Strategy developed by academician R. I. Nigmatulin. The article also presents a strategy of modernization basing on innovation-technological breakthrough developed by the author of the present article. In conclusion the article suggests ways to synthesize relevant models and ideas of the abovementioned strategies and develop a strategy of integrated (according to the classification proposed by prominent Chinese economist He Chuantsi) modernization of the Russian economy for the period up to 2025.

TPS119 Background: The most frequent type of epithelial malignancy in oral cavity and Waldeyer's ring (WR) is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Patients with Head and Neck SCC (HNSCC) show reduced levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells compare to healthy controls. SCCs with a higher number of intra-tumoural CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes are associated with better prognosis. Programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1 ) is present on the surface of neoplastic cells in SCC. T cells harbour inhibitory receptors (the so-called immune checkpoints) such as PD-1. Activation of this immune checkpoints results in T cell deactivation. The PD-1/PDL-1 interaction provokes an immunosuppressive effect which allows the tumour to evade immune destruction. However, WR SCCs present some diversities comparing to oral cavity SCC: younger age, frequent neck LN metastasis, often cystic, distinct morphology: often undifferentiated and solid (nonkeratinizing basal cell morphology), better prognosis, often HPV+, often p16+, an increased number of CD56+ cytotoxic NK. Methods: We have a series of 90 cases of epithelial malignancy in oral cavity and Waldeyer's ring (WR)Squamous cell Carcinoma, registered for Ethics IRAS number for Translational study with Immunohistochemistry; Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation (FISH); Next Generation Sequencing; Digital Imaging scanning and visualising microscopy. The Study will show the relationship of PDL-1 expression with morphology, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and p16 expression, answering if the oral cavity SCC and Waldeyer's Ring SCC express PD-L1 in the same way.

Digital technologies, robotic automation and artificial intelligence are becoming the main drivers of technological and economic development. In this regard, it is quite natural that the demand for justification of such threats for the employment market appears, and also the question arises whether it is possible to foresee and analyze the level of inequality and distribution of income in the society where the proportion of artificial intellectual systems in creating new costs will be exceptionally large.

The aim of this study was to investigate the practical utility of endocervicoscopy and targeted biopsy in high-risk human papilloma virus–positive women with abnormal squamous cells on cervical cytology and unsatisfactory colposcopy with nonvisible squamocolumnar junction. Seventy-seven high-risk human papilloma virus–positive patients with abnormal cervical cytology for squamous cells bearing type 3 transformation zone were enrolled. Endoscopic examination of the endocervical epithelium, with office-based continuous-flow hysteroscopy after application of acetic acid 5%, followed by targeted biopsies and consequent large loop excision of the transformation zone was carried out. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of endocervicoscopy, and orientated biopsy were confronted with the results of large loop excision of the transformation zone (referral test). The sensitivity and specificity of endocervicoscopy and orientated biopsy for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 53% and 81%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 64% and 47%, respectively. The positive predictive value for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 64% and for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 88%. The negative predictive value for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 87% and for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 41%. Endocervicoscopy is a safe, office-based technique. It is a reliable method to detect the transformation zone in patients with type 3 transformation zone and unsatisfactory colposcopy. It potentially allows target biopsy of the transformation zone but presents a relatively low specificity/negative predictive value to predict high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, thus negative biopsy results should be interpreted with caution.

To evaluate the structural changes (shifts), we investigated and estimated the dynamics of the GDP structure in terms of the basic economic sectors. Table 1 presents the average fractions of the basic sectors in GDP at the beginning (1970) and the end (2003) of the period under study. Inspection of the table suggests that (a) two new sectors (finance and service) tended to grow; (b) a decreasing trend of the fractions was observed in two traditional sectors—agriculture and industry; and (c) the fractions of some sectors, such as mining; electric, gas, and water supplies; construc� tion; trade; transport; and communications, remained nearly unchanged. We will refer to the latter as estab� lished sectors.

Results are given of experimental investigations of electrical resistance and coefficient of thermal expansion of nickel and β-brass in the temperature range from 300 to 1050 K. It is found that the electrical resistivity of nickel and β-brass is directly proportional to relative thermal deformation in both ordered and disordered phases. It is demonstrated that a functional correlation exists between the respective order parameters and relative isobaric thermal deformation of lattices of these materials. Methods are given for estimating the contributions to the scattering of electrons by phonons and magnons, as well as by disturbances of atomic order in alloys.

Experimental data were obtained that suggest that total amorphization of hydrated cellulose is attained in 79-80% aqueous solutions of H3PO4. The reaction of cellulose with aqueous solutions of H3PO4 is accompanied by selective sorption of molecules of the acid. Aqueous, especially concentrated, solutions of H3PO4 are characterized by low wetting power with respect to natural and hydrated cellulose.

Based on a correlation analysis of experimental data on the resistivity and thermal expansion, simple empirical expressions are obtained that describe the temperature dependences of the s-d exchange interaction energy and the spontaneous magnetization of 3d ferromagnets. These relationships can be used for evaluating the temperature dependences of the corresponding characteristics of nanodimensional particles and films of ferromagnetic materials from experimental data on their thermal deformation.

The analysis of dollar inflation performed by the authors through the approximation of empirical data for 1913–2012 with a power-law function with an accelerating log-periodic oscillation superimposed over it has made it possible to detect a quasi-singularity point around the 17th of December, 2012. It is demonstrated that, if adequate measures are not taken, one may expect a surge of inflation around the end of this year that may also mark the start of stagflation as there are no sufficient grounds to expect the re-start of the dynamic growth of the world economy by that time. On the other hand, as the experience of the 1970s and the 1980s indicates, the stagflation consequences can only be eliminated with great difficulties and at a rather high cost, because the combination of low levels of economic growth and employment with high inflation leads to a sharp decline in consumption, aggravating the economic depression. In order to mitigate the inflationary consequences of the explosive growth of money (and, first of all, US dollar) supply it is necessary to take urgently the world monetary emission under control. This issue should become central at the forthcoming G8 and G20 summits.

This article continues our analysis of the gold price dynamics that was published in December 2010 and forecasted the possibility of the “burst of the gold bubble” in April –June 2011. Our recent analysis suggests the possibility of one more substantial fluctuation before the final collapse in July 2011. On the other hand, in early 2011 we detected a number of other commodity bubbles and forecasted the start of their collapse in May – June 2011. We demonstrate that this collapse has actually begun, which in conjunction with the forthcoming burst of the gold bubble suggests that the World System is entering a bifurcation zone bearing rather high risks of the second wave of the global financial-economic crisis.

The analysis of the gold price series for 2003–2010 employing both the methodology developed by Didier Sornette and the one of the authors allows forecasting the collapse in gold prices in April – June 2011. The article discusses both the scenarios that could allow avoiding this collapse, and the possibilities of the “gold bubble burst” leading to the second wave of the global economic crisis.

The fundamental principles of locally recording two-dimensional holograms on a photothermoplastic disk by heating with an infrared laser are considered. The method developed was used in making a holographic photothermoplastic disk with homogeneous storage characteristics. The promising aspects of designing a system based on a holographic photothermoplastic disk and using the parallel data-processing principle, such as an optical neural network and an optical correlator, are pointed out. The principle merit of these systems is their high data-processing rate with a large storage capacity for standard patterns. The possibilities are indicated of implementing low-frequency spatial image filtering by recording matched niters and holograms, of recording complex filters by superposition, and of local rerecording of data on a photothermoplastic disk.

The authors have analysed annual activity of the dental clinic. On the grounds of the analysis they have formulated principles that can help commercial dental services to become a highly effective part of general medical aid to population. The principles are: highly skilled surgical (periodontological), therapeutic, orthopaedic aid in cooperation and specialisation in accordance with generally adopted staff standards; complex of periodontological aid; modern medicines and filling materials. Statistical data on each dental manipulation requirement in the conditions of commercial dental clinic are provided.

The reasons of the limitations of the total information capacity of holographic memory devices (HMD) with the short retrieval duration and two stages of infirmation recording and sampling, have been considered. The theoretical and practical optimum is found for the possible variations of number of the subholograms and number of pixels in a hologram. The possibilities of HMD information capacity increasing without the significant raising of the retrieval duration have been noted.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Holographic disk based photonic neural network with outer product implementation is described. Some aspects of two-dimensional fourier-holograms registration on the photothermoplastic disk under infrared laser thermodevelopment are considered. Developed approach allows to supply the high information recording density (approximately 105 bits/mm2) for the holographic disk, the high quality of IWM fourier-holograms registration ((eta) equals 5 - 7% and contrast ratio approximately 70:1) in addition to the possibility of image reconstruction from the hologram identical to the original image without aberrations.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The criterion combining the information capacity and the average time of selection is suggested for potential possibilities of various memory devices to be compared with each other. It has been shown that according to this criterion a HMD has some advantages compared to the other memory devices due to two-step addressing. The optimization of HMD because of the right selection of hologram number correlation in a memory device has been noted to be possible.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Using local holograms, recording methods on the photothermoplastic (PTP)-carrier with IR- laser heating holographic disk systems with registration of two-dimensional holograms in step- by-step regime and one-dimensional holograms on the moving carrier are developed. Requirements for linear velocity of the PTP-disk are formulated, and an electronic scheme for its stabilization on the whole disk surface is realized. The need for and advantages of one- dimensional microholograms recording with track size d > 200 mkm on the moving PTP- disk are shown. For the first time, qualitative microhologram recording on all surface of moving photothermoplastic disk is obtained. This result supplies PTP-disk capacity of approximately 0,6 Gbit for one-dimensional microhologram recording with disk diameter 133 mm. The use of holographic a PTP-disk as a bank of interconnected weight matrixes in optical implementation of neural networks is suggested.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The local hologram recording on an organic photosemiconductors with IRAleating is studied. Advantages of the simultaneous method for the local holograms recording in comparison with sequential one is shown.The documents with formats A2-A4 are recorded as frost-free holograms of 1-5 mm in diameter with diffraction efficiency about 4-5%. The possibility of the local recording of one-dimensional microholograms onto moving reversible disk is shown.Microhologram quality stabilization on the whole disk surface has been supplied by the constant linear velocity of the disk. Single-mode optical fibers are used in recording- reading schemes.