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Nitrogen stress condition is believed to increase the production of lipid in microalgae, but the synthesis of both lipid and carbohydrate is less known. Therefore, the effect of nitrogen stress condition on the synthesis of lipid and carbohydrate of Tetradesmus obliquus UPSI-JRM02 was studied in a 2 L bioreactor system. The highest lipid and carbohydrate yields achieved under nitrogen stress condition were 37% and 23%, respectively. Nitrogen stress condition induced the accumulation of carbohydrate at early stage but started to reduce on day 4 when the carbon shifted towards lipid production. The fatty acid profile produced under nitrogen stress condition was composed of 54% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 43% saturated fatty acid (SFA) and 3% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The biofuel properties of T. obliquus obtained under the nitrogen stress condition was within the range of biodiesel standard and is most suitable for the usage in cold country.

This paper examines the impact of VAT on economic efficiency, which while regarded as distortionary remains inevitable for economic development. Using data from 115 countries from 1984 to 2014, this research further investigates the moderating role of country governance on the link between VAT and economic efficiency. The results suggest that the extent to which country governance mitigates the effect of VAT on economic efficiency is contingent upon the way the country groups prioritize the development of each institutional factor. We find that high corporate tax countries benefit more from higher quality country governance. These findings confirm the role of country governance in better enforcement of tax policy to create less detrimental effects for economic growth. Therefore, better country governance makes taxation more affordable in high corporate tax countries. Key words: Economic efficiency, Value-added tax, Country governance, Generalized method of moments, Data envelopment analysis. JEL: E69, H25, O11, O43, C23.

Brunei Darussalam is one of the countries affected by the Coronavirus Covid-19 which has also affected most countries around the world. The effect of the Pandemic has disrupted and affected the economy around the world and have infected and caused the death of millions of people. This paper aims to discuss the policies implemented by the Government of Brunei to curtail the spread of Covid-19 and measures to revive the economy including the Islamic finance Institutions which are comprised of the Islamic Bank, Takāful, Islamic Capital Market, Islamic Finance Companies and other licence Moneychanger and Money Remittances Companies. This paper will discuss on the current immediate impact of the pandemic and due to uncertainty suggest future actions for improvement.

Cytokines are small proteins that mediate and regulate immunity. They are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancers. The concentration of these proteins in biological fluids (serum or plasma) and tissues in diseases may suggest pathway activation that leads to inflammatory response or disease progression. Therefore, these cytokines may be useful as a tool for screening, diagnosis classification between stages of disease or surveillance for therapy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassay have been used as a gold standard in cytokine level measurements in clinical practice. However, these methods allow only single cytokine detection at a time and ineffective for screening purposes. Hence, the innovation of multiplexing technology allows measurement of many of these soluble proteins simultaneously, thus allowing rapid, cost-effective and better efficiency by using a minute amount of sample. In this study, we explored the profiles of key inflammatory cytokines from the serum derived from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n =11) and healthy volunteers (N, n =11) using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. We aimed to evaluate if the levels of these cytokines are significantly different in these two groups and explore the possible application of the cytokine as biomarkers in early-stage screening and/or surveillance. Our results show a significantly high level of IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-6 in DLBCL-derived serum compared to n-derived serum. These preliminary results were obtained from a small sample size and could be further validated with a larger sample size cohort to produce a panel of biomarkers for DLBCL. Our findings might be useful in developing a disease-specific panel for biomarker screening assay. This could be used for early diagnosis and/or treatment surveillance.

The leading objective of this experimental study is to perform a Short-term Creep Testing on samples (coupon test) obtained from a private company in order to learn the durability of the Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) material with and without Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) on the applied cross-arm application according to ASTM E139. Through the method of flexural test jig (three point bending test) along with the usage of the furnace chamber HK160, samples then examined with initial temperature of 30°C until it breaks down. Result has been evaluated using conventional method for predicting the life-long purpose of the samples for future reference and analysis. The configurations or the patterns of the failure through (conventional) method recorded for short term test inside HK160 Chamber furnace fails at temperature of 120°C for samples without CaCO3 the samples fails and crack. Therefore, the samples with due to the material of UPE with FRP in a bar shape are said to have Ultimate Temperature for Failure of 120°C. Further details are crucial for advance analysis in the future research purposes.

This qualitative descriptive study aims to explain the system of developing a yellow book-based Islamic education curriculum organized by a typical Islamic boarding school, Ma'had Aly in Aceh Province. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the yellow book became the main focus in curriculum development. At the planning stage, the preparation of yellow book-based courses, then mastery of the yellow book is used as special skill for graduates. In the implementation process, the yellow book is used as the main reference for learning then learning is held using the Khataman system converted to the Semester Credit System (SKS). The learning method is varied, combining lecture models and the yellow book learning model in Islamic boarding schools. The stages of curriculum evaluation are carried out in various ways, including quizzes, midterms, memorization of the Koran and mastery of the yellow book, final semester exams, and writing of treatises.

The effect of calcium carbonate on the creep phenomenon of glass fiber/unsaturated polyester resin composites (GFRP) (obtained by pultrusion) was investigated due to failure that happened during installation of one of the composite transmission tower. To assess long-term creep and predict the life of composites, a conventional bending method with 45-day creep and time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) were used. In the conventional method, the composites (with and without calcium carbonate) underwent only slight deformation. It was found that their lifetime could be 25 years. However, based on the standard curve obtained by the TTSP method, significant differences were shown in the stability of calcium carbonate composite samples at 95°C (111 days) and 160°C (11 days). It was found that the addition of calcium carbonate extends the service life of the tested composites. Thus, the results obtained by the conventional method do not reflect the real behavior of the samples over time. On the other hand, the TTSP method allows better estimation of the long-term durability of composites.

This study focuses on designing and developing a paint mixer that is suitable for small and medium industries. The paint mixer is designed to mix and blend the paint ingredient in an efficient way to improve the production rate as well as paint quality. The paint mixer equipped with a high shear blade powered by an electric motor can mix the paint ingredient up to 200 liter for 4 hours. Therefore, the productivity increases from 30 liter a day up to 400 liters in 8 hours. The paint ingredient is fully dissolved in a shorter time as compared to the manually mixing process. The mixing process also reduces energy consumption by mixing a large quantity of paint ingredients needed by the current method in the same quantity. Thus, this machine is able to help small and medium industries boost their production and profit.

Aims: To determine the oxalate contents in different varieties of taro (Colocasia esculenta) collected in Peninsular Malaysia. Study Design: Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) with UV detector (Diode Array Detection, (DAD)) was used to determine the total and soluble oxalate contents in different varieties of taro corms. Meanwhile, the insoluble oxalate content (calcium oxalate) was estimated from the subtraction of soluble oxalate content from total oxalate content. Place and Duration of Study: Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI Headquarters), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia between December 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: 9 different varieties of taro were collected from different locations in Peninsular Malaysia. All the samples were analysed for their oxalate contents. Extractions were carried out to determine the total oxalate and soluble oxalate contents. All the samples were analysed using UHPLC. The generated data of oxalate contents were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: There is a significant difference (P

This study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 (isolated from stingless bee honey) in female Sprague Dawley rats. In an acute toxicity study, the rats received a low dosage (1 × 109 CFU·mL−1), medium dosage (3 × 109 CFU·mL−1), or high dosage (1 × 1010 CFU·mL−1) of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 daily orally by syringe-feeding for 14 days. For the subacute toxicity study, rats received a low dosage (1 × 109 CFU·mL−1) or a high dosage (1 × 1010 CFU·mL−1) for 28 days. The probiotic feeding in acute and sub-acute toxicity studies showed no mortality or significant abnormalities in rats throughout the experimental period. In week 2 of the acute study, the body weight of the rats showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) compared to the control. By gross and microscopic examination of organs, no evidently significant changes were observed in the morphology of organs. Serum biochemical tests and blood hematology tests also revealed no treatment-related changes. Overall, these data indicated that oral administration of B. amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 up to 1 × 109 CFU·mL−1 for 28 days can be considered safe.

We have assessed the potential of light-responsive bent-core liquid crystals as candidate materials for energy conversion and storage applications. Samples comprise two chromophore bent-core compounds containing either one (IP33) or two (IP31) azobenzene groups, and their 5% (molar) mixtures with one non-chromophore bent-core compound (NG75), which was also measured as a reference material. The pristine compounds and their mixtures were introduced in thin transparent Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) cells, and were characterised by polarised optical microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, impedance spectroscopy, and ferroelectric analysis, under different conditions of electrical fields and UV irradiation. All materials display smectic C polar phases (SmCP) except IP31, which forms columnar phases (Col), and IP33, IP31 and their mixtures exhibit light-responsiveness when irradiated at 365 nm due to reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerisation of the azobenzene units. All the bent-core based materials exhibit, at least, two dielectric relaxations, associated with different modes of molecular reorientation under weak alternating electrical fields (1 Vrms), as well as ferroelectric response that leads to permanent polarisation under the application of strong alternating fields (∼75 kV cm−1) at frequencies associated with the Goldstone-mode (1 Hz). Samples show considerable conductivity values and relaxor behaviour for liquid crystals, which can be tuned by application of UV light. In addition, we have induced in IP31 isothermal phase transitions from columnar to smectic phases (via the isotropic melt), by a combination of light and electrical stimuli. Our results confirm the potential of these bent-core compounds as light-harvesters for energy applications., IDC would like to thank the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), for the FPI grant (PAID-2019-SP20190013), the Generalitat Valenciana (GVA) and the European Social Fund (ESF), for the FPI grant (ACIF/2020/233) and the mobility grant (CIBEFP/2021/53). NFKA would like to thank Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for sponsoring her academic sabbatical leave and allowing her to work on this project. AMF would like to thank the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, for the Research Incentive Grant RIG008586, the Royal Society and Specac Ltd., for the Research Grant RGS\R1\201397, the Royal Society of Chemistry for the award of a mobility grant (M19- 0000), and the Scottish Government and the Royal Society of Edinburgh for the award of a SAPHIRE project. The authors from INMA greatly appreciate financial support from projects of the Spanish Government PGC2018-093761-B-C31 [MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE] and the Gobierno de Aragón/FEDER (research group E47_20R). Thanks are given to the nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis services of the INMA (Univ. Zaragoza-CSIC).

This work shows the study of the people who are deprived of a sensory modality that affects brain organization and cognition. By studying, the blind or visual impaired helps learn about how sensory experience in each sense is required for specific brain systems to develop, and how the technologies help in plasticity change in their absence. The sensory-motor deprivation model serves to assess the roles of critical developmental periods, compensatory cross-modal plasticity, and sensory-independent (a-modal) processes in the human brain. Sensory substitution enables a new era for blind people. Therefore, this research will commit a complete review on the sensory substitution for visual impairments.

The exponential growth of data, which occurs every day, can wreak havoc on records management. The more data, the more important the data collection process. It is very important to have reliable records management so that the records management process can run well. Information technology is one solution that can be used. Archive management using information technology is a method that allows archives to be easily organized according to their purpose and search. Information technology-based archive applications are very useful in terms of archive administration and the process of sharing archives with other units. The purpose of this study is to see how effective the use of information technology is in managing archives at the Ministry of Religion Office of Lhokseumawe City. Qualitative descriptive technique was used in this study, with data collection through interviews or conversations, as well as literature study. The results of this study indicate that the use of information systems in archive management, as well as the use of technology in archive management at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Lhokseumawe City, is very useful and effective. Network constraints and the lack of human resources at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Lhokseumawe City are one of the obstacles to its management.