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Syzgium cumini (L.) Skeels powder (S. cumini powder), also known as Jamun, is well-known for its various medical and health benefits. It is especially recognized for its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Thus, S. cumini powder is used in various industries, such as the food and cosmetic industries. In this work, the fruit of S. cumini was utilized; its seeds were extracted, dried, and ground into powder. The ground powders were subjected to various techniques such as physicochemical tests, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and antioxidant analysis. From the physicochemical tests, it was revealed that the jamun seed filler contained cellulose (43.28%), hemicellulose (19.88%), lignin (23.28%), pectin (12.58%), and wax (0.98%). The FTIR analysis supported these results. For instance, a peak at 2889 cm−1 was observed and associated with CH stretching, typically found in methyl and methylene groups, characteristic of cellulose and hemicellulose structures. The XRD results demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the jamun seed filler was 42.63%. The particle analysis indicated that the mean (average) particle size was 25.34 μm. This observation was ensured with SEM results. The EDX spectrum results showed the elemental composition of the fillers. Regarding thermal degradation, the jamun seed filler had the ability to withstand temperatures of up to 316.5 °C. Furthermore, endothermic and exothermic peaks were observed at 305 °C and 400 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of the powder displayed a peak scavenging activity of 91.4%. This comprehensive study not only underscores the viability of S. cumini powder as a sustainable and effective particulate filler in polymer composites but also demonstrates its potential to enhance the mechanical properties of composites, thereby offering significant implications for the development of eco-friendly materials in various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by the disruption in the brain's normal function due to some external forces like jolt or blow to the head. While, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which starts with tremor in one hand and gradually worsens over time. The connection between these two important diseases is not yet fully understood. Thus, we have proposed a transcriptome-based approach to identify the interrelation between TBI and PD. Determining the common over-or under gene expression pattern could reveal common pathobiological pathways that may explain the linkage between these two diseases. A total of 609 differentially expressed genes were discovered as commonly expressed genes for both TBI and PD. Further, the pathway studies reveal that nine genes such as NDUFA6, SLC17A7, EMXI, PLPPR1, FEZF2 and DUSP14, SERF1B, HBB and ABR made a significant impact on the disease progression of TBI and PD. In particular, SERF1B and HBB and ABR were considered as the top-ranked genes based on the pathway analysis and functional enrichment calculations. We believe that in-depth study on the identified biomarkers will provide possible treatments strategies to overcome TBI and PD. This study proposes a transcriptome-based investigation to elucidate the interrelation between Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Parkinson's disease (PD), both complex neurological conditions with poorly understood connections. Through comprehensive gene expression analysis, 609 differentially expressed genes were identified as common signatures of both disorders, among which NDUFA6, SLC17A7, and SERF1B exhibited significant implications. Particularly noteworthy, SERF1B and HBB and ABR were highlighted as pivotal genes based on pathway analysis and functional enrichment calculations, underscoring their potential as crucial mediators in the progression of TBI and PD. These findings offer valuable insights into shared pathobiological mechanisms and may pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the burden of these debilitating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the shear bond strength between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and heat activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin after laser treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 128 PEEK discs were fabricated (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) and allocated into two groups. Group 1 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 5000 cycles and group 2 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 10,000 cycles. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (n = 16) which were: no surface treatment; primer treatment; acid etching; and laser surface treatment. PEEK was then bonded with PMMA resin using the conventional flasking technique. The shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was done using one‐way ANOVA for comparing within groups, followed by Tukey HSD test. Student's T‐test was done to evaluate between the two groups. Results: In group 1, the highest shear bond strength was exhibited by the laser group (19.08 ± 0.16 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (14.84 ± 0.23 MPa), and the primer group (6.43 ± 0.20 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in the no surface treatment group (4.98 ± 0.34 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05). In group 2, the highest shear bond strength was observed in the laser group (18.21 ± 0.23 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (13.77 ± 0.48 MPa), and the primer group (6.04 ± 0.11 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in no surface treatment group (4.35 ± 0.21 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The shear bond strength between PEEK and PMMA resin was highest for specimens that were surface treated with laser and followed by specimens treated with acid etching, primer application, and without surface treatment, respectively. Increasing thermal cycling from 5000 cycles to 10,000 cycles also reduced the bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of digital systems and a way of encoding digital data across multiple frequency components that is used in telecommunication services. Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) inaccuracy is a serious disadvantage of OFDM. In this research, Fuzzy based Slime Mould optimization for CFO (FSM-CFO) has been proposed. The proposed FSM-CFO not only estimates the CFO with increased precision, but also allocates resources effectively, achieving maximum utilization of dynamic resources. Initially, Slime Mould Algorithm is utilized to extract the precise CFO. Additionally, the base station (BS) manages the Resource Units (RU), which could be used to distribute resources in such a manner that the user-requests are met. The resources are assigned using fuzzy rules, with the type of resource that is most appropriate for the nodes that have requested the resources being chosen. To assign resources to a certain job, fuzzy rules are devised. Once the residence time for the duration has passed, the highest-priority tasks receive the specific resources. Finally, experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of Resource utilization, failure rate, life span, and energy consumption. According to the simulated results, the suggested configuration can perform better compared to the existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nanoparticle coated implants have revolutionized the field of implantology. Peri-implantitis is one of the main for implant failure. Most implant failures are due to Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinomyces concomitant. Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of titanium, zirconium, aluminum nanoparticles against S. aureus and P. gingivalis at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Materials and Methods: According to ISO/TR 11175:1993, the samples were prepared in disc shape with 20-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness in Grade IV titanium. The samples were decontaminated by sonicating in acetone and subsequently in water three times for 15 min. A total of eighty samples were made, then coated with nanoparticles, and divided into Group-A (control), Group-B (Ti nanoparticles coating), Group-C (Zi nanoparticles coating), and Group-D (Al nanoparticles coating). The discs were sterilized under ultraviolet radiation and placed in Mueller-Hinton agar medium for S. aureus and blood agar for P. gingivalis. The colonies were counted at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Statistical Analysis Used: The values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results: The P < 0.001 showed that statistically significant difference in colony forming unit had been found in titanium nanoparticles coated samples at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Conclusion: TiO2 nanoparticle coated titanium discs showed significant antibacterial effect.

Introduction: Upper limb nerve blocks are done commonly by brachial plexus (C5-T1) blocks via supraclavicular, infraclavicular approaches. Sometimes a single peripheral nerve needs additional block with local anaesthetic to achieve adequate block. Peripheral nerve blocks are useful for minor surgical procedures in a single nerve distribution. Aim: To study the course and clinical significance of the radial nerve in 50 cadaveric upper limbs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 intact dissected upper limbs. The upper limbs were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College from August 2020 to December 2020. Radial nerve was exposed by routine dissection in all the upper limbs and its entire course was studied and observed for any variation. The distance from the biceps tendon to the radial nerve at the elbow, distance of the radial nerve in the Lateral Intermuscular Septum (LIS) from the epicondyles at the elbow were measured. The results obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: In present study, the mean distance of the radial nerve in the LIS to the medial epicondyle was 12.4±0.31 cm and to the lateral epicondyle was 12.1±0.28 cm. The mean distance from the biceps tendon to the radial nerve at the elbow was 1.75±0.22 cm. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be inferred that effective peripheral radial nerve block can be achieved by blocking the nerve 1.75 cm lateral to the biceps tendon at the elbow 3 cm above the elbow crease. This can be made comfortable to the patient and more precise by ultrasound localisation of the radial nerve.