Search

Thirty derivatives of 3-pyrazolylquinolinone, in three different types; enaminones 1a–j, enones 2a–j, and hydrazonones 3a–j, have been investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The tested compounds have been screened against four chosen microorganisms, two bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus, as Gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli, as Gram-negative bacterium), and two fungi strains (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans). Disc plate and serial dilutions techniques were used to evaluate and determine the antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibition concentration of the tested compounds. The results revealed that the enaminone derivatives 1a–j have desirable antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi groups, and they are promising useful antibiotic intermediates.

Background: Escherichia coli is among the most common causes of diarrhoea in children below five years of age in developing countries. Diarrhoeal diseases rank the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Here we report the magnitude of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection among underfives with diarrhoea in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: This study was carried out at Nyamagana and Sekou Toure hospitals in Mwanza, Tanzania. Between July, 2015 and March, 2016, children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea were included in the study. Demographics and relevant information were recorded. Stool specimens were cultured onto MacConkey and Salmonella-Shigella Agars. CHROMagar STEC was used to identify STEC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. Results : A total of 304 children were include in the study. The mean (±standard deviation) age of the enrolled children was 1.4 (±1.03) years. Out of 304 diarrhoea cases, 32 (10.5%) were positive for STEC and 12 (3.9%) were due to other pathogenic bacteria ( Salmonella and Shigella species.). Of 32 STEC isolates, 22 (68.8%) and 20 (62.5%) were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole respectively and 3 (9.4%) were found to produce extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). Use of water from wells (p=0.006) was found to be the predictor of the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider STEC as the potential pathogens causing diarrhoea in the region. More than 60% of pathogenic bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials like amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. There is a need to emphasize on the provision of safe water, health education together with improvements in sanitation and personal hygiene as key strategies to reduce these infections.

Gastritis is preponderantly characterized by inflammation of the lining epithelial layer and the chronic gastritis is considered as a pre-cancer lesion. For many centuries olive (Olea europaea) leaf has been used for its putative health potential, nonetheless, to date, the gastroprotective effects of olive leaves have not been studied yet. Hence, in this study we investigated whether olive leaf extract (OLE) could protect gastric mucosa against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Hcl/ethanol administration caused significant damage to the gastric mucosa, as confirmed by gastric ulcer index and histological evaluation. However, this damage was largely prevented by pre-administering 20mg/kg omeprazole or 100mg/kg OLE. Interestingly, the damage was completely prevented by pre-administering 200 and 300mg/kg OLE. Moreover, OLE attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions, and down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in gastric mucosa. The gastroprotective mechanism of OLE involved the promotion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecules (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione reduced form), promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression, halting lipid peroxidation and preventing the overproduction of nitric oxide. Together, our findings clearly demonstrated that OLE could prevent HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis by attenuating inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Indeed, OLE could potentially be useful as a natural therapy for gastritis.

The fabrication of polypropylene (PP)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites were investigated. The effects of polypropylene maleic anhydride (PPMAH) as a compatibilizer on the mechanical and morphological properties of PP/NBRr/EFB composites were studied. Composites were prepared through melt mixing using heated two roll mill at 180 °C for 9 minutes and rotor speed of 15 rpm. NBRr loading were varied from 0 to 60 phr and PPMAH was fixed for 5 phr. The composites were moulded into a 1 mm thin sheet using hot press machine and then cut into dumbbell shape. The mechanical and morphological properties of composites were examined using universal tensile machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PP/NBRr/EFB composites decreased with increasing NBRr loading, whilst increasing the elongation at break. However, PPMAH compatibilized composites have resulted 27% to 40% and 25% to 42% higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus, respectively, higher compared to uncompatibilized composites. This was due to the better adhesion between PP/NBRr matrices and EFB filler with the presence of maleic anhydride moieties. From the morphological study, the micrograph of PPMAH compatibilized composites has proved the well bonded and good attachments of EFB filler with PP/NBRr matrices which results better tensile strength to the PP/NBRr/EFB composites.The fabrication of polypropylene (PP)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites were investigated. The effects of polypropylene maleic anhydride (PPMAH) as a compatibilizer on the mechanical and morphological properties of PP/NBRr/EFB composites were studied. Composites were prepared through melt mixing using heated two roll mill at 180 °C for 9 minutes and rotor speed of 15 rpm. NBRr loading were varied from 0 to 60 phr and PPMAH was fixed for 5 phr. The composites were moulded into a 1 mm thin sheet using hot press machine and then cut into dumbbell shape. The mechanical and morphological properties of composites were examined using universal tensile machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PP/NBRr/EFB composites decreased with increasing NBRr loading, whilst increasing the elongation at break. However, PPMAH compatibilized composites have resulted 27% to 40% and 25% to 42% higher tensile strengt...

Although published randomized trial evidence can reduce prescribing of less efficacious or potentially harmful medications,1,2 prepublication alerts are often released before the clinical trial results are published. It is unknown whether prepublication alerts can effectively impact population-based prescribing of medications by both primary care physicians and specialists. In this study, we explored the trends in prescribing of aliskiren, the first orally active direct renin inhibitor, in relation to drug policy decisions, prepublication alerts, and availability of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Aliskiren was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an antihypertensive agent in 20073 and received a notice of compliance by Health Canada in November 2007 for the treatment of hypertension.4 Before listing aliskiren on the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) formulary, it was reviewed by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health (a national expert panel) and the Committee to Evaluate Drugs (a provincial expert panel), who identified the absence of long-term studies, insufficient safety data, and lack of evidence supporting a reduction in clinically important outcomes, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease.5,6 The drug was ultimately approved for listing on the Ontario provincial pharmacare formulary in December 2008, for use in patients with hypertension who have not achieved adequate blood pressure reduction with the combination of a thiazide-diuretic with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker.7 It is estimated that 15% to 20% of hypertensive people have uncontrolled blood pressure despite being treated with this combination of antihypertensive medications.8,9 A large postmarketing trial, ALTITUDE (Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Disease Endpoints), was initiated October 2007 and terminated early, after interim analysis showed increased frequency of nonfatal strokes, serious renal complications, hyperkalemia, and hypotension in …

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of trace amounts of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (OMZ) was developed .The method based on the reaction of (OMZ) with Fe(III) in acidic medium.The librated Fe(II) coupled with potassium ferricyanide, the reaction needs heating for 25 minutes at 50 o C, to form Prussian blue which is more stable by adding 1ml of 1% ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid. The maximum absorption of the product was measured at 766 nm .Beer ' s law is obeyed in the concentration range 5-125 µg/10ml with a molar absorptivity of 5.07x10 4 l. mol -1 .cm -1 ,with a relative error of +1.74 to +2.34 % and a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of the of ±1.272 to ±1.982 %.The method was applied successfully for the assay of OMZ in pharmaceutical preparation.

Background and objectives There is a paucity of information about the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) amongst Arabs. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and prevalence of SLE among the native Arab population of United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods Patients with SLE were identified from three sources: medical records of two local tertiary hospitals (four years; 2009 to 2012), laboratory requests for serum double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and serum anti-nuclear antibody and confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of SLE (skin and kidney biopsy specimens). All the patients identified with SLE met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Incidence and prevalence were calculated using the state records of the UAE native population as the denominator. The age-adjusted incidence was calculated by direct standardization using the World Health Organization world standard population 2000–2025. Results Sixteen new cases (13 females and three males) fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria. The mean (±SD) age at time of diagnosis was 28.6 ± 12.4 years. The crude incidence ratio (per 100,000 population) was 3.5, 1.1, 2.1 and 2.1 in years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, respectively. The age-standardized incidence per 100,000 population for the four years was 8.6 (95% confidence interval 4.2–15.9). The age-standardized prevalence of SLE among the native population according to the 2012 population consensus was 103/100,000 population (95% confidence interval 84.5–124.4). Conclusion The age-adjusted incidence and prevalence among UAE Arabs is higher than has been reported among most other Caucasian populations. Furthermore, the prevalence of SLE in UAE seems much higher than other similar Arab countries in the Gulf region.

3-Acetyl-4-methylthioquinolin-2(1H)-one (3) has been prepared and its reactivity towards treatment with different reagents, dilute sulfuric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide, is described. The reactions of compound 3 with benzylamine, benzaldehyde, DMF-DMA, Vilsmeier-Haack reagent, 2-chloro-3-formyl-pyridopyrimidone and malononitrile have been carried out under convenient conditions. Compound 3 underwent heterocyclization reactions with some binucleophiles, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, urea, thiourea, semicarbazide, and thiosemicarbazide, furnishing some known five, six, and seven heterocyclic annellated quinolines. All the new compounds have been characterized using different spectral and analytical tools.

Although people have hidden secrets in plain sight now called steganography throughout the ages, the recent growth in computational power and technology has propelled it to the forefront of today’s security techniques. Steganography is the art and science of hiding communication; a steganographic system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion. In the past, people used hidden tattoos or invisible ink to convey steganographic content. Today, computer and network technologies provide easy to use communication channels for steganography. The embedding process creates a stego medium by replacing bits with data from the hidden message. In this paper, the existing techniques for image Steganography have some serious drawbacks and this new approach is presented to overcome those drawbacks. It will be done using the concepts of linked list data structure. Initially the audio file is encrypted using Rijndael algorithm. Then first, creating a “stego-key” by the address of message blocks. Second, it makes the detection of audio message harder. Possible countermeasure to prevent detection included hiding encrypted-audio message in perceptually less significant areas of image and scattering that encrypted-audio message throughout the image. The concept of “adaptive steganography”, where relatively busy areas of carrier are selected that are less likely to convey the existence of hidden audio.

Kangkong, especially the upland type (Ipomoea reptans) is popularly consumed as a vegetable dish in the South East Asian countries for its quality related to Vitamins (A and C) and crude fiber contents. Higher fiber contents would prevent from the occurrence of colon cancer and diverticular disease. With young stem edible portion, its cell number and size contribute to the stem crude fiber content. The mathematical approach of allometry of cell size, number, and fiber content of stem could be used in determining the 'best' plant density pressure in producing the quality young stem to be consumed. Basically, allometry is the ratio of relative increment (growth or change) rates of two parameters, or the change rate associated to the log of measured variables relationship. Kangkog grown equal or lower than 55 plants m-2 produced bigger individual plant and good quality (physical) kangkong leafy vegetable, but with lower total yield per unit area as compared to those grown at higher densities.

– Aim: The objectives of this clinical study were as follows: (i) to determine the effect of frequency of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] dressing change on the apical barrier formation in immature permanent incisors with necrotic pulps and (ii) to investigate the effect of various clinical factors before and during treatment that may be associated with the frequency of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes. Methods: The study involved 21 healthy subjects, 8–12 years old. Twenty-three immature traumatized permanent maxillary central incisors were treated using Ca(OH)2 powder mixed with barium sulfate and distilled water. The progress of barrier formation was reviewed after 6 months of first placement of Ca(OH)2 and then every 3 months until the detection of an apical barrier. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed before and after treatment. Data were evaluated using a chi-square test. Results: Apical barrier formation was successful for all 23 teeth. Seventeen teeth (74%) needed only a single application of Ca(OH)2, while six teeth (26%) required more than one application. The average time of apical barrier formation was 30 weeks, and the mean number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes was 1.3. A significant positive association was found between teeth that presented with displacement and the number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes (P = 0.004). Conclusion: An initial 6-month application of Ca(OH)2 dressing followed by 3-month replacements (usually in teeth presenting with displacement and/or sinus tracts) may be successfully used in apexification treatment. This would assist in reducing the number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes, number of appointments, cost of treatment and radiation exposure.

Water absorption study is important in natural fibres polymer composites since they are hydrophilic in nature. In this study, water absorption properties of thermoplastic elastomer composites with the incorporation of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres were examined. The polypropylene (PP) matrix, recycled gloves (NBRr) and EFB fibre were mixed together using a heated two-roll mill machine at 180°C. A compatibilizer of polypropylene maleic anhydride (PPMAH) was added to improve the water resistant properties of the composites. Water absorption test was conducted by long-term immersion in distilled water at room temperature. From the analysis, the percentage of water absorbs for PP/NBRr/EFB composites was increase as the NBRr loading increases. However, it is interesting to observe that the percent of water absorbs from PPMAH compatibilized composites was decreases from 20 % to 15 % with the highest NBRr loading. It shows that PPMAH compatibilizer possibly acts as a protective barrier and enhances the interfacial adhesion between the fibre and matrices.

The effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPMAH) as compatibilizer on the tensileand morphological properties of polypropylene (PP)/empty fruit bunch (EFB) composite were investigated. The composite was melt mixed using a heated two roll mill at 180 °C with speed of 15 rpm for seven different EFB filler loadings (70/30, 75/25, 80/20, 85/15, 90/20, 95/5 and 100/0 wt%). From the analysis, tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing EFB filler loading. However, it is interesting to observe that the addition of PPMAH has resulted in5 to 10 % better tensile strengthcompareto without PPMAHcompatibilizer. The morphological studies from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fracture surfaces showed thatPPMAH compatibilizercomposites also indicates improved dispersion and adhesion of EFB fibre on the PP matrix.

Segmental structure is common especially for a rotor in electrical motor. It is to reduce the cost of production, conveniently replace, and as a module where the sum of electromagnetic torque produced comes from each segmental stator add up together. Thus, in this paper will be focusing on the elementary analysis of a segmental stator for single phase 6Slot-12Pole and 3 phase 6Slot-15Pole Switched-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine (SFPMM) as the chosen design for analysis validation from coventional permanent magnet flux switching machine to a new segmental stator structure of SFPMM. It will be focusing on the initial design and to prove that it can be operate as a flux switching machine by implement a 2D Finite Element Analysis simulations such as a No-load analysis (flux linkage, cogging torque, back emf) and Load-analysis (average electromagnetic torque. Elementary result shows that the electromagnetic torque produce for both design are 10.6 Nm and 99.95 Nm and proved that it can produce high torque although it does not surpass the conventional SFPMM. A further research and optimization will be needed to obtain a higher torque compared to conventional SFPMM.

Resume Objectifs L’objectif de ce travail est de decrire le profil clinique et environnemental de sujets suicidants consultant au service de pedopsychiatrie de l’hopital Razi de Tunis. Methodologie Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective descriptive portant sur les dossiers de 57 enfants et adolescents suicidants ayant consulte le service de pedopsychiatrie de l’hopital Razi entre janvier 2005 et decembre 2008. Outre un examen psychiatrique classique, ces patients ont beneficie de la passation d’un questionnaire semistructure : le Kiddie-SADS (K-SADS) construit a partir des criteres du DSM-IV. Ont ete evalues : les antecedents personnels et familiaux, les facteurs de risques personnels et environnementaux, ainsi que les circonstances et la gravite du geste. Resultats Le sex-ratio etait de 43 filles pour 14 garcons, l’âge moyen de la premiere tentative de suicide de 13,3 ans. Le moyen utilise etait non violent dans 64,9 % des cas. Les antecedents personnels de conduites suicidaires ont ete retrouves dans 15,8 % des cas. Toutes ces caracteristiques sont conformes aux donnees de la litterature. Les facteurs de risques environnementaux sont retrouves dans 70,2 % des cas, les plus representes etant les perturbations du fonctionnement familial (15,8 %). L’echec scolaire ne constituait pas un facteur de risque. Trente-huit pour cent des tentatives de suicide etaient reactionnelles, 41 % des suicidants presentaient un trouble depressif. La presence d’une pathologie psychiatrique aggrave le pronostic ; les troubles depressifs, en particulier etant lies a un fort potentiel de recidive. Les conduites a risques ont ete relevees dans 19,3 % des cas, elles sont faiblement representees en comparaison aux populations occidentales.

A spectrophotometric method for determination of microgram amounts of phenylephrine-HCl(PE) has been proposed. The method is based on coupling of phenylephrine-HCl with diazotized 2-aminobenzothiazole in alkaline medium. The molar absorptivity of the formed dye is 6.620×10 3 l.mol -1 . cm -1 at λ max 510 nm and Beer ' s law obeyed within in the range of 10-250 μg of phenylephrine-HCl /25 ml (0.4 – 10 ppm). The colour reaction was highly stable and did not show a significant change in absorbance(within acceptable analytical error) up to 48 h with a relative error +0.31 to +1.07% and a relative standard deviation of ±0.95 to ±3.09%, depending on concentration level. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of phenylephrine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparation (nose drop) .

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of trace amounts of bromhexine-HCl based on the reaction of bromhexine-HCl with nitrite ion to form the corresponding diazonium salt followed by coupling reaction with pyrogallol in a acidic medium to form a stable and a soluble yellow azo dye with maximum absorption at 387 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 20-280g of bromhexine-HCl in a final volume of 25 ml (0.8- 11.2 ppm) with a molar absorptivity of 1.031104 L.mol-1.cm-1, a relative error of -0.36 to +0.72 % and a relative standard deviation of 1.07 to 1.72 %, depending on the concentration level of bromhexine-HCl. The method has been successfully applied for the assay of bromhexine-HCl in various pharmaceutical preparations.

A sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining mefenamic acid in pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on oxidation-reduction reaction between mefenamic acid and cerium (IV) ion, and subsequent Ce(III) reaction with arsenazo (III) reagent in acidic medium to produce a greenish-blue complex which is stable, water soluble and has a maximum absorption at 654 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.731×10 5 l.mol -1 .cm -1 . Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range from 1 to 10 µg mefenamic acid in a final volume of 25 ml. The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. ــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــ ــــــ

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of cephadroxil in aqueous solution is developed. The method is based on the coupling of cephadroxil with diazotised sulphanilic acid reagent in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The yellow azo-dye formed is water– soluble, stable, and shows maximum absorption at 445 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range 10–240 mg/25 ml (0.4 –9.6 ppm) with a molar absorptivity of 1.73´104 l.mol-1cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0210 mg/cm2, a relative error of –0.42 to +2.22 % and a relative standard deviation of ± 1.7 to ± 2.4 %, depending on the concentration level. The composition of the yellow azo-dye has been evaluated. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of cephadroxil in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis is an early-onset childhood severe retinal dystrophy, of significant genetic heterogeneity. RPGRIP1 is ubiquitously expressed, but mutations in RPGRIP1 lead to a retina-restricted phenotype, such as Leber congenital amaurosis and cone-rod dystrophy. Patient and Methods: We analysed a consanguineous family from Egypt in which one individual, a four-year-old girl, was affected with Leber congenital amaurosis. IROme, a proprietary enrichment system for retinal dystrophy genes, was applied and high throughput sequencing was performed. Results: Severe visual impairment was reported during infancy. The fundus of the affected patient exhibited disc pallor and attenuated vessels. Neurodevelopmental delay and brain atrophy in the CT scan were reported. Genomic sequencing identified a novel homozygous deletion, c.[420delG], in RPGRIP1 . This mutation was not detected in 80 ethnically matched controls and has not been reported elsewhere. Conclusions: Identifying new mutations in Leber congenital amaurosis-related genes and their clinical manifestations can improve our understanding of the disease and could help to stratify the population for potential therapies.

Resume Les enfants et les adolescents comme les adultes sont de plus en plus confrontes a des evenements menacants et traumatisants. Notre etude s’est interessee a l’evaluation clinique de jeunes, âges de 4 a 17 ans, victimes d’un accident grave de la voie publique survenu au decours du mois de mai 2004. Le groupe est compose de 15 enfants et adolescents (10 garcons et 5 filles). Les troubles presentes par ces jeunes ont ete evalues grâce a un entretien clinique complete par un questionnaire semi-structure, le K-SADS-PL, a deux mois puis a six mois du traumatisme. Le diagnostic d’un etat de stress post-traumatique a ete retrouve chez 14 des 15 patients lors de la premiere evaluation et chez la totalite de ces jeunes apres six mois. Le recueil semiologique aide par le K-SADS a montre une bonne validite chez l’enfant des criteres du DSM IV. Les symptomes de la dissociation, observes a deux mois, disparaissent de maniere significative a six mois et semblent etre contemporains de la debâcle emotionnelle qui accompagne les stress les plus violents et les plus difficiles a mentaliser. La comorbidite avec le trouble anxiete de separation a ete retrouvee systematiquement dans les deux evaluations, nous amenant a proposer cette entite comme un symptome et non comme une comorbidite. La comorbidite depressive, quant a elle, complique a distance le tableau de l’ESPT. La depression serait la consequence de la severite et de la chronicite du tableau clinique initial.

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining sulphadiazine (SDA) in pure from and in its pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations. The method is based on oxidation-reduction reaction between SDA and cerium(IV) ion (ceric ion), then the subsequent reaction of cerium(III) with arsenazo III reagent in acidic medium to produce a green-blue complex which is stable, water soluble and has a maximum absorption at 654 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.22*10^5 l.mol^-1. cm^-1. beer's law is obeyed in the concntration range from 1 to 10mg SDA in a final volume of 25 ml. The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine SDA in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of micro amounts of paracetamol has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of p–aminophenol which results from the acid hydrolysis of paracetamol, with nitrite ion to form the corresponding diazonium salt followed by coupling reaction in an alkaline medium with phloroacetophenone to form a stable and soluble orange azo dye. The intensity of absorbance for the resulting azo dye is measured at 472 nm and Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 10–180 g of paracetamol in a final volume of 25 ml, with a molar absorptivity of 2.16104 l.mol-1.cm-1, a relative error of -0.64 to +1.64% and a relative standard deviation of 0.4 to 1.24 %, depending on the concentration level of paracetamol. The method has been successfully applied to the assay of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Fracture-filling uranium mineralization, connected mainly to black and jasperoid silica veins, occupying shear and fracture zones, was detected in 1968-1969 at the northern margin of El- Missikat post-tectonic granite, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Tunnels and excavations were executed, nearly at Wadi level, following these shear zones, in order to determine extensions of parts of the tunnels and evaluate their potentiality. Excavation works revealed the exis- tence of disseminated pitchblende, as well as its secondary associa- tion, in some drifts of the explored shear zones. The granite along the shear zone is intensely altered. The main alteration features are silic- ification, sericitization and kaolinization. An extensive gamma-ray spectrometric survey was carried out on some of the mineralized parts. The obtained data were statistically treated in order to outline the radiolithological features of the different rock units in the prospect area. The original uranium content and uranium migration rate were calculated in order to identify the migration trends in the granite and its alteration products. The study shows that there is a close relationship between the distribution of radioelements and lithology, in which the silica veins and silicified granites posses the highest radioelement contents. The migration of uranium took place inward in the brecciated jasperoid silica, massive silica and silicified granite. Meanwhile, the migration is outward in the case of pink (unaltered), kaolinized, and sericitized granites. The results show that, the pink granite has the highest outward uranium migration rate (-148), followed by the sericitized granite (up to -123). The kaolinized granite has the lowest outward

Background Schistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease found predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the developing world, with the second highest socioeconomic and public health burden despite strenuous control efforts. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua pod extract (CPE) on liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The schistosomal hepatopathologic mouse model was established by tail immersion with schistosomal cercaria. The extract was given daily for 10 days beginning 42 days post-infection. Liver samples were obtained from mice sacrificed 9 weeks after infection. Liver histopathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Results Typical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes were induced in the untreated mice. However, the oral administration of CPE was effective in reducing worm number and the egg load in the liver. This treatment also decreased granuloma size and collagen deposition by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression. Schistosomal infection induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite/nitrate (nitric oxide; NO) production along with concomitant decreases in glutathione (GSH) and various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. However, treatment of mice with CPE at 300 or 600 mg/kg inhibited LPO and NO production, increased GSH content, and restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes compared with untreated infected mice. Furthermore, treatment with CPE inhibited apoptosis, as indicated by the reduced Bax expression in hepatic tissue. Conclusion These data indicated that extracts from Ceratonia siliqua pods may play an important role in combating schistosomal hepatopathology and may inhibit granuloma formation and liver fibrosis through down-regulation of TIMP-2 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

To investigate the relationship between postoperative scar height and surgical success of the bilamellar tarsal rotation (BLTR) procedure, commonly used to correct trichiasis secondary to trachoma.Using data from the Partnership for the Rapid Elimination of Trachoma surgical trial, comparing the new trachomatous trichiasis (TT) clamp with standard BLTR instrumentation, 145 sequential participants (245 eyelids) at their 1-year postoperative visit were examined. We measured internal and external scar heights from the upper eyelid margin for nasal, central and temporal sections and compared these to recurrence location at 1 year. We calculated odds of location-specific postoperative trichiasis and examined possible risk factors associated with postoperative trichiasis.A total of 77 eyelids (31%) had postoperative trichiasis, which most commonly occurred centrally. Regardless of instrumentation used, the closer the internal scar was to the eyelid margin, the higher the proportion that had recurrence, until 4.5 mm, at which point, the proportion leveled off. In bivariate analyses, the odds of central recurrence were significantly higher at all three locations when the internal scar height was4.5 mm compared to higher scars. In multivariate analyses, central scar height4.5 mm and severe baseline trichiasis were independently associated with central postoperative trichiasis.Internal scar height4.5 mm measured 1 year after surgery is more likely to be associated with postoperative trichiasis. Given these findings and the current World Health Organization recommendation for an incision height of 3.0 mm, further study into optimum incision height to minimize postoperative trichiasis is warranted.

Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a rare complication of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children. We report four patients with cITP who developed ICH. The latency between onset of ITP and ICH varied from 1-8 years. All our patients were profoundly thrombocytopenic (platelet count of10 x 109/l) at the time of their intracranial bleed. The presenting features and management are discussed. All patients survived, three had complete neurological recovery while one had a minimal residual neurological deficit.

Resume Le recours aux traditherapeutes reste de pratique courante dans notre pays. Dans ce travail, les auteurs se proposent de quantifier cette pratique et d'etudier le prototype des personnes qui s'y pretent. Il s'agit d'une etude prospective concernant 103 patients ayant consulte au service de pedopsychiatrie de l'hopital Razi durant un mois. Un questionnaire comportant 18 items a ete soumis aux parents des consultants explorant leur niveau socioeconomique, leur milieu, le recours et le type de traditherapeute. Cinquante-six pour cent de nos patients ont ete amenes a un traditherapeute. Les particularites de ces enfants sont les suivantes : il existe une predominance d'enfants de moins de six ans et d'adolescents. Tous les enfants atteints de troubles de conversion ont beneficie de ce type de therapie, de meme que 75 % des enfants psychotiques. Ces resultats seront articules avec la signification culturelle du recours aux traditherapeutes dans notre pays.

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of some sulphonmides (six compounds) in aqueous solutions is described. The method in based on dizotisation and coupling with pyrogallol to form a yellow coloured, stable and water- soluble azo-dye which shows maximum absorption at 420 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentrations range of 0.4-14 ppm. The relative error is -2.47 to + 3.41 % and the relative standard deviation is ±0.51 to ±2.9% depending on the concentration level. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of sulphacetamide sodium in eye drop drug.

Resume L'evolution des connaissances relatives aux troubles bipolaires, sur les plans a la fois clinique, etiopathogenique et therapeutique, a conduit durant ces vingt dernieres annees a s'interesser tout particulierement aux formes debutant durant l'enfance ou l'adolescence, meme si celles-ci restent rares. De nombreux travaux soulignent ainsi les difficultes rencontrees dans le diagnostic de ces troubles a cet âge de la vie, du fait principalement de l'heterogeneite des tableaux cliniques observes. Les auteurs presentent ici les resultats d'une etude clinique descriptive, retrospective, realisee a partir de 50 cas suivis dans le service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent de l'hopital Razi a Tunis entre 1996 et 2001. Ces resultats confirment de nombreuses donnees deja rapportees dans d'autres etudes comparables. Ils corroborent notamment l'hypothese recente de l'existence probable de deux phenotypes distincts dans les troubles bipolaires juveniles : les formes a debut precoce, chez les sujets les plus jeunes, se caracterisent par un debut de type le plus souvent depressif et par des episodes thymiques de symptomatologie et d'evolution frequemment atypiques, tandis que les formes a debut plus tardif se rapprochent plus du tableau clinique habituellement observe chez l'adulte. Ces donnees soulignent bien aussi la necessite d'une evaluation soigneuse de l'etat thymique devant tout episode pathologique mal caracterise chez l'enfant et l'adolescent.

Background: Tooth discoloration is one of the great esthetic problems in dentistry, Despite vital bleaching, is often considered a first step to improve the appearance of teeth, reports are controversial about the effect of bleaching on the shear bond strengths (SBS) of brackets. Etching of enamel surface can be carried out by acid or laser, there was controversial about the efficiency of CO2 laser as enamel surface etchant Objective: The aim of the present study is to detect if there is a significant reduction in SBS of bleached teeth, and to detect the effect of CO2 laser as etchant on both bleached and normal teeth. Methods and materials: Forty non-carious first premolars are divided into 2 main groups: None- bleached (A) and Bleached (B) groups, of 20 specimens for each group, then the groups were subdivided into 2 subgroups (10 specimens for each subgroup). Group (B) teeth were bleached with chemically activated 40% hydrogen peroxide, while group (A) teeth were left without bleach- ing. The subgroups teeth (A1 and B1) were etched with CO2 laser and the subgroups (A2 and B2) were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. After bracket bonding, samples were then thermally cycled for 500 cycles between( 5°C and 55°C). Debonding was performed with a shearing force using the universal testing machine, then ANOVA and LSD test were used to specify if there was a significant difference between groups. Results: there was the nonsignificant difference in mean SBS of both phosphoric acid etching and CO2 laser etching in both bleached and normal surface enamel specimens A and B groups. Whereas there was a significant difference in mean shear bond strength between the CO2 laser etched and the phosphoric acid etched groups with highest mean values in the phosphoric acid etched subgroups, Conclusion: The results of this in vitro study suggest that hydrogen peroxide bleaching does not affect the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets when bonding occurred 1 week after bleaching and CO2 laser etching has low shear bond strength values making it not suitable for clinical use.

This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of Physalis peruviana L. (family Solanaceae) against cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in Wistar rats. Herein, cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (6.5 mg/kg bwt/day) was intraperitoneally injected for 5 days, and methanolic extract of physalis (MEPh) was pre-administered to a group of Cd-treated rats by an oral administration at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg bwt for 5 days. The findings revealed that CdCl2 injection induced significant decreases in kidney weight and kidney index. Cadmium intoxication increased the activities of liver enzymes and the bilirubin level, in addition to the levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine were increased in the serum. The pre-administration of MEPh alleviated hepatorenal toxicity in Cd-treated rats. Physalis was noted to play a good hepatorenal protective role, reducing lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and enhancing enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule, glutathione, in hepatic and renal tissues of Cd-treated rats. Moreover, physalis treatment was able to reverse the histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues and also increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in liver and kidney of rats. Overall, the results showed that MEPh can induce antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and also exerts beneficial effects for the treatment of Cd-induced hepatorenal toxicity.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe an unexpected phenotype in a family with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) due to a retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65) homozygous mutation. History and Signs: We analyzed a family from Yemen in which 3 individuals were affected with LCA. Linkage analysis using markers flanking the known LCA genes was done, followed by direct sequencing of RPE65. Therapy and Outcome: Severe visual impairment and night blindness were observed during infancy. We observed photophobia only in the 8year-old patient. The youngest affected had bilateral hyperopia of + 3.50 and visual acuity of 1/60. The oldest two had visual acuity limited to hand movements in the right eye (OD) and counting fingers in the left eye (OS) for the oldest and of 5/60 OD, 6/60 OS for the other. They showed disc pallor, attenuated vessels, white flecks in the retina mid-periphery and bull's eye maculopathy. ERGs of the oldest child were completely unresponsive. Genomic sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation, IVS2-3C>G, in the second RPE65 intron. Conclusions: We identified a novel LCA-related homozygous RPE65 mutation associated with a severe clinical presentation including an early and severe cone dysfunction. This is in contrast with the presentation associated with other RPE65 mutations predominantly causing rod-cone dystrophy with residual visual function.

This paper treats the crash analysis and energy absorption response of Rain Forest Vehicle (RFV) subjected to frontal impact scenario namely impacting rigid wall and column. Dynamic computer simulation techniques validated by experimental testing are used to carry out a crash analysis of such vehicle. The study aims at quantifying the energy absorption capability of frontal section of RFV under impact loading, for variations in the load transfer paths and geometry of the crashworthy components. It is evident that the proposed design of the RFV frontal section are desirable as primary impact energy mitigation due to its ability to withstand and absorb impact loads effectively. Furthermore, it is found that the impact energy transmitted to the survival room may feasibly be minimized in these two impact events. The primary outcome of this study is design recommendation for enhancing the level of safety of the off-road vehicle where impact loading is expected.

This paper proposes a design of outer-rotor field-excitation flux switching motor(FEFSM) with a topology of 12-slot and 10-pole configuration(12/10) for electric vehicle as a low-cost of non-Permanent Magnet (PM) machine for HEV drives. Design study, performance analysis of field-excitation flux switching machine with 35H210 earth magnet for electric vehicle drive applicationsis done. The stator of the machine comprised of iron core (electromagnetic steels), armature coils and field excitation coils as the only mmf source. While the rotor is comprise of stack of iron only, it is reliable and appropriate for high speed operation. Feasibility design studies on FEFSM based on 2D-Finite Element analysis will be applied to the proposed machine design.