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This study aims to analyze the effect of Self-Regulation, Social Skills, Critical Thinking, and Problem-Solving Skills on Social Learning Outcomes. This research used a quantitative approach, survey methods, and path analysis techniques. The participants were class V students throughout Jakarta from November 2015 to October 2016, with a total of 250 students. The research instrument to measure students' critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and social learning test results was multiple-choice tests, while to measure self-regulation and social skills were using a non-test instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and path analysis by testing the significance of the path coefficient using the independent sample t-test. The results showed there was a positive direct effect of self-regulation, social skills, critical thinking skills, and problem-solving skills on social studies learning outcomes on learning outcomes. This research implied that efforts to improve social studies learning outcomes began with improving self-regulation strategies, practicing social skills, developing critical thinking skills, and problem-solving skills.

Learning Arabic writing skills in the Pandemic Era is confronted with complex problems. One of complex problems is the minimal interaction of the limitations in learning process that has an impact on students' learning outcomes. This study aims to explore various Arabic learning media to support learners' writing skills that can be implemented during the COVID-19 situation. The research used a qualitative approach with the case study design. The informants of the study are those who write using online-based writing learning media. The data were collected through observations and documentation. The findings showed that learning Arabic media based on developing taxonomy can be divided into five basic classifications according to the evolving taxonomy; media understanding stage; YouTube, Facebook, Google search, Twitter, Media application stage: Quick Voice, Animation Creation, Google Doc, media analysis; Mind map, Numbers page, evaluation media; Edmodo, Skype, Google search, WhatsApp, creative media; WordPress, iMovie, YouTube, Creative Books, Instagram. The findings of this study indicated that the process of using online media is an effort to improve creative and critical thinking processes in improving learners' Arabic writing skills. This study examines research to test each of the media used during the COVID-19 situation.

Ulkus diabetikum diketahui menjadi salah satu komplikasi yang paling ditakuti dan menyumbangkan 80% sebab perawatan rumah sakit pada pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM). Ulkus diabetikum terjadi karena adanya infeksi bakteri, yang diperparah dengan terbentuknya biofilm pada luka. Nanoteknologi menjadi alternative baru dalam strategi penghambatan pembentukan biofilm, salah satunya ialah nanogel. Kekayaan biota laut yang berpotensi sebagai kandidat antibiofilm adalah spons Petrosia sp. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengekstraksi dan menguji aktivitas antibiofilm formulasi spons Petrosia sp. sebagai nanogel penyembuh luka ulkus diabetikum yang dusebabkan oleh infeksi biofilm Staphylococcus aureus. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, aktivitas biofilm ditentukan menggunakan metode microtiter broth. Prosedur pembuatan luka sayat pada mencit jantan yang diinduksi diabetes dengan alloxan dilakukan setelah pencukuran bulu area yang akan disayat, diikuti dengan pengolesan lidokain krim 2% sebagai anestesi lokal. Selanjutnya, uji praklinik pada mencit jantan dilakukan dengan pemantauan tahapan luka biofilm S.aureus pada hewan uji pada kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formula nanogel spons Petrosia sp. mampu menghambat hingga 78.04% ±. 0.01 pada luka ulkus diabetikum biofilm S.aureus dalam jangka waktu 10 hari dan sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat antibiofilm baru terhadap luka ulkus diabetikum akibat biofilm S.aureus.

The Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists (MACB) and the Malaysian Biomedical Science Association (MyBiomed) successfully organized the 34th MACB Conference in conjunction with the 2nd MyBiomed Symposium 2024. Under the theme 'Towards Holistic Integration and Sustainability in Medical Laboratories, the event brought together experts from various disciplines to explore advancements and sustainability in laboratory medicine and biomedical science. The conference featured a comprehensive program including plenary lectures, industrial talks, oral and poster presentations, and trade exhibitions. It provided a platform for the exchange of scientific knowledge and insights into emerging technologies and practices. A diverse range of professionals participated, including local and international chemical pathologists, clinical biochemists, medical laboratory scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students. Key topics covered included natural product research, herbs and metabolic disease, molecular diagnostics, pharmacology and toxicology, endocrinology, reference intervals, value-based laboratory medicine, newborn screening, the role of digital technologies in medical labs, and strategies for developing green & sustainable medical laboratories. The discussions were aligned with the conference’s goal of fostering integration and sustainable practices in the medical laboratory sector, reflecting the latest trends and future directions of the field. The event achieved its aim of providing participants with valuable updates on scientific and technological innovations while fostering collaboration and dialogue among laboratory professionals at a global scale.

Red spinach (Amaranthus cruentus), a rich source of antioxidant anthocyanins, is susceptible to light degradation. Foam mat drying (FMD) is a promising technique to preserve these pigments. This study compared the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of gels incorporating FMD and ethanolic extracts of A. cruentus (EEAC). Both were incorporated into gels at varying concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). FMD gels exhibited a darker red color and significantly higher total anthocyanin content (8.33 ± 0.25/100 g) and stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 of 35.67 ± 1.87 ppm) compared to EEAC gels (10.45 ± 0.15/100 g and IC50 of 47.88 ± 2.45 ppm, respectively). Both gel types had similar pH values (5.32-5.77). Increasing the concentration of either extract affected the viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion of the gels. Importantly, FMD gels displayed significantly higher antioxidant activity (58.75 ± 2.12 to 64.72 ± 2.01%) than EEAC gels (31.75 ± 2.13 to 50.12 ± 3.01%) across all formulations. These findings suggest that FMD-based gels offer a superior delivery system for A. cruentus antioxidants, potentially leading to innovative food products with enhanced nutritional value and health benefits.

This study aims to identify and review several articles discussing students' learning difficulties in understanding material related to curved-sided geometric shapes in elementary schools. The research method employed is a literature study, in which data is collected from various scientific journals relevant to students' learning difficulties in comprehending curved-sided spaces. The findings indicate that students face multiple challenges, including difficulties in understanding basic concepts, remembering formulas, and applying appropriate problem-solving strategies. Common errors include procedural mistakes, difficulties in transforming information, and improper use of mathematical symbols. Factors contributing to these difficulties include a lack of interest in mathematics, the abstract nature of mathematical concepts, and insufficient practice in applying the concepts learned. This research is expected to serve as a recommendation for teachers and education practitioners to improve teaching methods and provide more intensive exercises to help students better understand the concepts related to curved-sided spaces.

This bibliographic review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the scholarly literature on biopesticides utilized in corn pest management, employing a bibliometric approach to identify current trends and prospects in the field. The growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has fueled interest in biopesticides as effective alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. By systematically examining relevant publications, this review synthesizes the collective knowledge on biopesticide applications in corn production, encompassing various types of biopesticides, their modes of action, efficacy against key corn pests, and environmental considerations. The study synthesizes recent advances in microbial, botanical, and biochemical biopesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, neem extracts, and linalool, highlighting their specificity, minimal environmental impact, and potential to reduce pest resistance. It delves into the modes of action, including insecticidal activity, feeding disruption, and pest reproduction inhibition. The review also outlines an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that combines biopesticides with agronomic practices, including crop rotation, biological control agents, and resistant crop varieties. This combined approach aims to enhance pest suppression, improve yield sustainability, and reduce chemical pesticide reliance. The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable corn pest management practices, promoting environmental conservation and agricultural productivity. Ultimately, this review aims to provide researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with a valuable resource for understanding the current landscape of biopesticides in corn pest management and guiding future research directions toward sustainable crop protection strategies.

This study examines the impact of religiosity, ease of use, motivation, and intention to donate infaq among Generation Z in Jember, Indonesia, focusing on mosque donations via QRIS technology. Using a quantitative approach with 100 participants and analyzed through SEM-PLS, the study finds that religiosity enhances motivation through goal-focused behavior. In contrast, ease of use promotes motivation by simplifying the donation process. The research highlights QRIS's benefits, such as increased convenience and transparency, but also identifies challenges, including low digital literacy and limited understanding of infaq among some congregants. These findings suggest that while QRIS has the potential for improving mosque donations, addressing digital literacy and comprehension barriers is essential for maximizing its effectiveness among younger generations.

Background: Facility management is essential in modern office settings, as it helps to ensure the safety and health of employees. Issues related to facility management weaknesses, such as facility damage, structural issues, ventilation problems, and more, are subjects of ongoing concern. Therefore, safety and health practices are important aspects of facility management to ensure that the office is always safe and healthy for employees. Objectives: This research aims to address these concerns by developing a comprehensive model for safety and health practices in building, focusing on the physical environment, facility management, and worker perception. Methods: Data was gathered through random survey questionnaires distributed to government offices within the federal territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia. The survey covered 156 measurement items across 18 parameters, encompassing three dimensions: facility management, the physical environment, and office workers' perceptions. A total of 562 valid responses were collected. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which integrates path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), through the IBM SPSS-AMOS software. Results: The results of this research indicate that the analysis of the model's goodness of fit proves that all variables within the model, whether independent or dependent are fitted and can be adapted. Consequently, the safety and health practices in building model was successfully developed. Conclusion: This model offers a valuable tool for facility management organizations, enabling them to systematically assess and maintain safe and healthy workplace conditions. It signifies a significant step forward in ensuring employee well-being in office buildings.

The aim of this research is to review and analyze the landscape of adopting and using Web 2.0 in election campaigns by focusing on scholarly publications and production. Bibliometric methods thoroughly reviewed trends, citations, and thematic analysis, as well as the contributions of key players, such as sources, authors, countries, and institutions to the context of Web 2.0 in election campaigns. A total of 1117 peer-reviewed publications were obtained from the Scopus database. The result showed that substantial advancements in this field commenced in 2005 and have since experienced exponential growth, reaching a peak in 2022 with the most published works. The most pertinent journals for adopting and using Web 2.0 in election campaigns are the Journal of Information Technology and Politics, Information Communication and Society, and New Media and Society. The United States leads all other countries regarding citations, and Spain has the highest number of research contributing to the sector. The purpose of these results is to provide insight into the development of academic interest and assist research in understanding the topic evolution by identifying specific areas as a focus. This facilitates the discovery of recommended publication avenues, aspects warranting further research, and opportunities for collaboration on pertinent resources.

Purpose: Sustainable finance and carbon taxation represent a rich field of research. However, existing reviews are often constrained, offering piecemeal insights drawn from subsets of the literature rather than the entire body of work on these topics. To address this gap, this study seeks to comprehensively map the research dynamics surrounding carbon taxation and sustainable finance. By employing big data analytics and machine learning to analyze scholarly research, it explores the evolution of the field, assesses the impact of key publications, and examines collaborative efforts that drive innovation. Method: This study employs bibliometric methods, using R Studio software, to analyze publication data from 2020 to 2024. It identifies keywords, emerging trends, author collaborations, and contributions from various countries. Result: The findings reveal a significant increase in research on carbon taxation and sustainable finance, with China emerging as the largest contributor. The analysis also uncovers key trends in topics such as economic development and carbon dioxide emissions, which are central to global discussions. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the importance of international collaboration in tackling climate change and promoting economic sustainability. This study not only enriches academic literature but also offers valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders addressing environmental and economic sustainability challenges. Practical Implications for Economic Growth and Development: This research offers valuable insights for policymakers to promote environmentally friendly economic growth strategies through carbon tax policies and sustainable finance initiatives.

The discourses about childhood and its entanglement with commonly discussed literature significantly impact children’s literature. This is reflected by writers’ drive to raise issues that do not always revolve around normative issues in their works. Lately, critical issues prominent in children’s literature include radical political unrest and social injustice, as exemplified in Zanib Mian’s illustrative book Eliyas Explains What’s Going On in Palestine. Zanib Mian’s work was the focused material object of the research. The research employed a qualitative approach, explicitly utilizing document analysis as the primary method. This study utilized Gerard Genette’s Narratology and Kimberley Reynolds’ theory of Radical Children’s Literature to examine how narrators convey these problematic issues to children’s readers. The analysis revealed that the narrator in “Eliyas” employed an autodiegetic perspective to foster understanding, effectively engaging children by sharing personal experiences and emotions. Furthermore, the radical issue of the Palestinian conflict, which was presented sensitively, profoundly impacted the children’s characters within the story and, by extension, the children’s readers engaging with the story. The novelty of this research lies in discussing radical issues without leaving the narrative dimension in literary works using narratological theory and the notion of radical children’s literature, especially in Zanib Mian’s latest work, which deals with politics and war in Palestine.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted food security and accessibility in Central Java Province. This study aims to analyze the effects of the pandemic on food accessibility in three dimensions—physical, economic, and social—and on food security. Methods: The study was conducted in five cities and regencies with high COVID-19 case rates. The research method employs Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) to identify relationships between latent and manifest variables. Primary data were collected from 348 respondents, while secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies. Results: The findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic situation indirectly positively affects food security through improved physical access to food, supported by government policies such as large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and community activity restrictions (PPKM), which allowed markets to operate with health protocols. However, economic and social access to food was not significantly impacted by the pandemic. Physical access was shown to have a direct positive impact on food security, while economic access was highly influenced by the respondents’ economic conditions. Conclusion: In conclusion, food accessibility—particularly physical access—plays a crucial role in maintaining food security during the pandemic in Central Java.

Introduction: Caffeine, antioxidants, and vitamin C are important compounds found in coffee beans. These chemical compounds affect the taste and aroma of coffee. The research aims to examine the effect of hormone application on the chemical content of coffee beans. Methods: The research was carried out at the people's coffee plantation in Kwadungan Gunung, Kledung, Temanggung, Central Java. The research uses an experimental method with two factors. Factor I variety consists of two varieties, namely Sigararutang and Yellow Catura. Factor II of the Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) application consists of four levels, namely: Control, ethrel, NAA, and gibberellin. Each treatment combination with 5 replications. The parameters observed were the number of fruit/ tree, the number of ripe fruit/ tree at the first harvest, caffeine content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, sugar, and protein. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with the DMRT further test. Results: The number of coffee cherries of the Yellow Catura was better than the Sigarar Utang. The caffeine is better in Sigararutang in all PGR applications compared to other combinations. The antioxidant activity of Yellow Catura with the application of NAA and GA3 is better than other combinations. Vitamin C in Yellow Catura with GA3 application and control is better than other combinations. The protein in Yellow Catura with NAA application is better than other combinations. The sugar in Yellow Catura with all applications of PGR is better than the other combinations. Conclusion: PGR application and differences in varieties affect the chemical content namely caffeine, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, protein, and total sugar.

This study investigates how knowledge breadth and depth impact innovation within the service industry, drawing from the Knowledge-Based View. Using quantitative methods, it explores the relationship among knowledge breadth, depth, and absorptive capacity in driving innovation performance, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With active involvement from 237 SME owners and managers, the results reveal significant effects in the pathways from absorptive capacity to innovation performance and from knowledge breadth to absorptive capacity, highlighting their significant influence. Similarly, the path from knowledge breadth to innovation performance demonstrates a notable impact, emphasizing the importance of having a wide range of knowledge. Upon examining the paths from knowledge depth to absorptive capacity and from knowledge depth to innovation performance, the significant effects are confirmed. This study stresses the critical role of both knowledge breadth and depth in shaping organizational absorptive capacity and innovation performance, offering practical insights for businesses. It also emphasizes the pivotal role of absorptive capacity and the advantages of utilizing external knowledge.The practical recommendations advocate for tailored strategies that balance precision to achieve favorable innovation outcomes. While providing valuable contributions, the study acknowledges certain limitations and suggests potential directions for future research.

This study aimed to describe and compare the students' fluency, flexibility, and originality in solving non-routine problems in the Palembang context. They were depicted from the student's fluency, flexibility, and originality of solving the horizontal and vertical mathematization forms. This qualitative study employed. The subjects of this study were 30 students of grade nine of junior high schools in Palembang. The instruments used were tests and interviews. The tests were employed to investigate the written horizontal and vertical mathematizations forms. Meanwhile, the interviews were to explore the students' ideas with inadequately detailed answers. Then, the test and interview data were reduced and grouped based on the indicators of creativity. The reduced data were presented in a descriptive form for conclusions. The results of the data analysis showed that the high-ability students were the most fluent and flexible in solving the problems. Still, the provided solutions were less original and tended to use formal mathematics in the forms of formulas, symbols, and operations. Meanwhile, the moderate-ability students tended to start to solve problems by simplifying them, then presenting them in visual images. The answer sheets of the moderate-ability students revealed their fluency in understanding the problems and solutions, flexibility, and originality of thinking. This study obtained different results from the low-ability students who tended to have difficulties understanding the problems and made many errors in solving them. Such a condition showed their inability to write the known data and relate the data to other facts they had already learned. As a result, their answers did not represent fluency, flexibility, and originality.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki berbagai macam keragaman budaya, seperti pakaian adat, rumah adat, tarian daerah, makanan daerah, alat musik daerah dan senjata daerah. Perbedaan ras, suku, agama dan budaya ini dapat menjadi boomerang bagi bangsa Indonesia, karena perbedaan ini rentan untuk menimbulkan perpecahan atau konflik didalam masyarakat. Untuk mewujudkan pendidikan multikulturan yang efektif dan efesien maka perlu adanya keterlibatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran didalam kelas. Tujuan penelitian untuk memberikan gambaran tentang internalisasi sikap toleransi siswa melalui pembelajaran berbasis android. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur, mencari semua informasi diberbagai jurnal dan sumber-sumber dokumen lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi khususnya dalam pembelajaran yang menggunakan aplikasi Marbel Budaya Nusantara mampu meningkatkan sikap toleransi siswa. Proses pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi maka akan dengan mudah untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Sebagaimana dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemanfaatan smartphone atau android mampu menjadikan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan sehingga capaian pembelajaran yang telah dirancang akan dengan mudah untuk tercapai

This research aims to examine the legal process carried out by the Bengkulu Religious High Court in ensuring the living expenses of children after their parents' divorce. This study is qualitative research with a normative legal approach. Primary data comes from laws, court decisions related to children's rights post-divorce, and children's civil rights, while secondary data is obtained from books, online media, and journals with the same relevance. In exercising its authority, the Bengkulu Religious High Court prioritizes the principle of justice by maintaining the interests of the child, as well as the principles of balance and proportionality. However, there are several challenges such as the lack of public understanding of children's rights and obstacles in the implementation of Religious High Court decisions regarding the enforcement of children's civil rights. More intensive efforts are needed to provide the public with an understanding of children's rights and to improve the quality of enforcement of Religious High Court decisions to ensure optimal protection of the child's interests following their parents' divorce.

The contemporary criminal justice system faces multifaceted challenges, particularly concerning the efficacy of supervision mechanisms. This study delves into the pivotal role of supervision within the framework of integrated justice, advocating for legal reform and constructive enforcement strategies. The primary objective is to elucidate the necessity of reforming criminal execution practices to enhance the overall effectiveness and fairness of the criminal justice system. Methodologically, this study adopts a socio-legal approach, Research data were obtained from interviews, observations, interpretation of documents and materials as well as persona experience. In accordance with the constructivism paradigm and then in making observations researchers take a position as facilitators using participatory principles. Results underscore the critical need for recalibrating supervision approaches, emphasizing proactive intervention, rehabilitation, and community engagement. By synthesizing theoretical insights with practical considerations, this paper offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and judicial authorities to optimize supervision practices in the pursuit of justice reform.

This research aims to view and review published research on Science Process Skills (SPS) in 2020–2023 using VOSViewer. Article data from Google Scholar database journals collected using Publish or Perish. In 2020-2021 the number of articles published experienced a significant increase, but starting from 2022-2023 it experienced a drastic decline. Topics such as science process skills, students, development, effects, models, analysis, and learning have often been discussed by researchers. In contrast to keywords such as correlation, STEM, self efficacy, case, comparison, improvement, argumentation, and POGIL, these are research topics that are rarely researched and too broad to be studied in more depth. The results of the review of the top 10 articles cited tend to examine strategies for mastering science process skills which include experimentation, minds-on, inquiry approaches, discovery learning, strategic manipulation, debate skills, ICT, STEM, student-centered teaching, use of a variety of learning tools, hands-on exercises, group activities, PhET, mobile scientific investigations, guided inquiry, PBL, PjBL, learning cycles, use of learning media, modules and worksheets. The novelty of this research is a bibliometric analysis and review of the latest research in the field of SPS. The implication of this research is contributes and support Kurikulum Merdeka’s science learning outcomes. Future researchers can use these insights to improve science education, helps focus on their studies, and pinpoint SPS research trends.

This study examines the impact of CEO's busyness on earnings management. The samples are 595 non-financial companies Indonesian listed in Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020 (2,757 observations). Using OLS regression, the results of this study revealed that companies with CEO's busyness has a positive significant influence on earnings management. The results also show that companies whose CEOs also serving as a board of commissioners in another company (CEO duality) tend to have smaller level of earnings management. This study also uncovered that CEOs’ attendance in board meetings has no moderating effect on the positive influence of CEO busyness on earnings management. The results are robust as propensity score matching and entropy balancing tests have been conducted.

Background: The use of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section (CS) is at risk of experiencing post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This is influenced by several factors. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of risk factors on the occurrence of PDPH in patients undergoing CS under spinal anesthesia. Methods: The study design is a nested case-control study with independent variables influencing the incidence of PDPH in CS with spinal anesthesia. Samples were taken from CS patients with spinal anesthesia at the Central Surgical Installation of Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: A total of 74 patients were included in the multivariate analysis, which showed that neurological disorders with p-value = 0.069; OR= 9,306; 95% CI = 0.842-102.828 and the number of punctures with p = 0.060; OR= 4.798; 95% CI = 0.997-23.075 is the most significant risk factor for the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. There was an additive effect which indicated that mobilization of more than 6 hours mutually reinforces the occurrence of PDPH in CS patients. Conclusion: Preoperative risk factors such as a history of neurological disorders increase the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Intraoperative risk factors in this study were total puncture and needle size, increasing the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Post-operative risk factors, in this case, immobilization, increase the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Preoperative, intraoperative, and post-operative risk factors, together or separately, increase the incidence of PDPH in patients undergoing CS.

Background: In the United States, in 2008 of 100,000 cases of spinal cord injury, 2/3 were cases of cervical injury. Patients who experience cervical to thoracic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) above T8, usually have impaired function of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which causes respiratory failure. Neurogenic shock occurs in patients who experience SCI above T6 which causes vasodilation, hypotension and severe bradycardia or asystole when stimulating vagal reflexes such as laryngoscopy or suctioning. Case: The patient was diagnosed with SCI cervical vertebrae 1-7. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomy et causa SCI cervical vertebrae 1-7 and hyperglycemia. Management includes surgical therapy, management of respiratory failure in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), pharmacological therapy include insulin for hyperglicemia control, and support for neurogenic shock and physioterapy. Discussion: Patients with SCI require laminectomy, supportive therapy, pharmacotherapy include insulin, neurogenic shock, and respiratory support if there is respiratory failure. In cases of injury to cervical vertebrae 1-7, the patient requires ventilator support to assist the function of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, pharmacological supportive therapy for neurogenic shock, as well as care from a sub-endocrine specialist to treat hyperglycemia. Stress-induced hyperglycemia was occurred due to CNS injury. Conclusion: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a disorder of the spinal cord or spinal cord with neurological symptoms ranging from motor, sensory and autonomic function. Respiratory failure in SCI above thoracic 8, is due to disturbances in the function of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The occurrence of neurogenic shock in SCI cases, especially above thoracic 6, manifests in the form of vasodilation, hypotension and severe bradycardia or asystole. Management in the ICU includes hemodynamic monitoring, respiratory failure, prevention of neurogenic shock, and pharmacology to treat hyperglycemia. Biochemical parameters, nutritional status, and respiratory function were also monitored.

Coastal areas are often threatened by natural and anthropogenic factors, causing instability and shoreline changes in the affected areas. Shoreline changes can be monitored with remote sensing techniques such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The purpose of this research is to extract the coastline by segmenting the machine learning method and find out how far the machine learning model works to distinguish the water class and the land class. The method used in this research is the Support Vector Machine model to divide the water and land classes that will be utilized to obtain shoreline extracts from the model results, and evaluate the model by calculating the model accuracy. The overall accuracy results recorded in 2016 and 2023 are 99.5% and 99%, respectively, with Kappa Coefficients of 0.99018 and 0.98138. This study highlights the potential of SAR data and SVM methods in monitoring coastal dynamics and can serve as a reference for sustainable coastal management.