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The emergence of Body Area Networks (BANs) has paved the way for real-time sensing of human biometrics in addition to remote control of smart wireless medical devices, which in turn are beginning to revolutionize the smart healthcare industry. However, due to their limited power and computational capabilities they are vulnerable to a myriad of security attacks. To secure BAN sensors against these threats processor-intensive cryptographic techniques need to be avoided as they are not suitable in this context. This paper focuses on authentication service for BAN sensors and proposes an original scheme named "RAFV: Rotational Assisted Fuzzy Vaults" to harden the security of any authentication solution using the fuzzy vault construction approach. The evaluation results have shown that RAFV can successfully conceal the secret of the vault even if the locking elements are known to the adversary. Also, RAFV may improve upon communication overhead by enabling a reduction in the size of the vault without compromising its security. It has achieved all of this while remaining competitive with regards to additional computational overhead.

Micro-stamping is a promising process for the low-cost manufacture of micro-channels from thin metal sheet for fuel cell bipolar plates. Most previous studies numerically analysed micro-stamping processes by assuming a perfect tool profile and position. In this work, thin 316 L stainless steel sheet is stamped with a micro-stamping tool to produce micro-channels and the initiation of fracture is experimentally investigated. Severe material thinning and fracture were observed in locations where the sheet contacts the tool and related to tool misalignment and profile inaccuracies that only could be identified with a 3D profilometer and an optical microscope. A 2D finite element model of the process was then developed and showed that, to accurately represent material thinning and forming limits in the micro-stamping of the stainless steel sheet, the scanned tool profile shape and position need to be accounted for. Comparison with the experimental Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) suggests that in the stamping of micro-channels from thin stainless steel sheet, material failure is governed by the development of a neck and therefore can be successfully assessed by the FLD.

Linear first order Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations are studied. These new equations unify and generalize the Riemann-Liouville, modified Caputo and Caputo fractional differential equations. The equivalences between the fractional differential equations and the corresponding perturbed Abel's integral equations are obtained. These results are useful not only to study the initial or boundary value problems for nonlinear first order Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations but also to study the solutions of the perturbed Abel's integral equations arising in a problem of mechanics and many other physical problems. The well-known Tonelli's result on solvability of the Abel's integral equation is generalized. We exhibit that there are nonconstant equilibria for some first order Caputo fractional equations. This is different from nonlinear first order ordinary differential equations which have only constant equilibria. The equivalence results are applied to generalize the classical Mean Value Theorem to the first order Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives.

The criminal laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran are organized around the right of the victim. In cases of murder and other intentional injuries, the judiciary recognizes the victim's next of kin or the victim as a private plaintiff with the right to retribution (qisas). The injured party confronts the perpetrator in court and decides whether to demand retaliation or forgo it in lieu of a monetary compensation (diya). If they choose qisas, they are legally bound to witness the punishment. In cases of forbearance, the maximum sentence that the state can levy for murder is three to ten years. While the rates of capital punishment in Iran continue to be among the highest in the world, the majority of murder cases culminate in forgiveness. Why would an aggrieved party forgive when the law gives them the right to retribution?

It is common in the academic reception of the legacy of Edward Said to limit the analysis of his theorization of a contrapuntal perspective on colonial history to the dominant theme of Said’s published writings. Nevertheless, alternative narratives emerge in unpublished texts preserved in the Edward W. Said Papers at Columbia University. Archival research reveals that Said actually proposes a heterophonic, instead of contrapuntal, perspective in early drafts for Culture and Imperialism (1993). Said’s legacy itself requires a heterophonic reading to analyze the overlap and interactions of these variations in his writings.

In this article we examine displays of epistemic status and stance among long-term Anglo-Australian residents of remote communities through a case study of a 2-h interaction by four men who have demonstrated sophisticated knowledge of locations in their region. We show how equal access to knowledge of places is oriented to, as well as how differences in rights to authoritatively claim knowledge emerge in disputes over details of locations which are resolved when it is established that one member can provide more specific or up-to-date knowledge. This study not only contributes to understanding epistemic management practices in contexts where there is a high degree of shared knowledge, but also grounds the exploration of new insights into the ways in which the epistemics of referring to places appear to diverge from what has been described for referring to persons.

In order to analyze the gender performance and empowerment of Brazilian female drug traffickers, this article compares the character of Marta in Patrícia Melo’s novel 'Inferno' (2000) with the testimonies of four real female drug traffickers collected in MV Bill and Celso Athayde’s book 'Falcão: Mulheres e o tráfico' (2007). It argues that while female drug traffickers highlight their experience and use their kinship relations, Marta’s access to power and gender transgression are temporary because her community and other drug traffickers do not support her. The article also proposes the term “the most desired positions” to replace “hegemonic masculinities” because of the prominence that cisgender and trans women have begun to have in the world of drug trade. Resumo Com o propósito de analisar a performance de gênero e o empoderamento de mulheres traficantes brasileiras, este ensaio compara a personagem de Marta no romance 'Inferno' (2000) da autora Patrícia Melo com os testemunhos de quatro mulheres traficantes que foram recolhidos no livro 'Falcão: Mulheres e o tráfico' (2007) de MV Bill e Celso Athayde. O ensaio argumenta que, enquanto as mulheres traficantes salientam sua experiência e uso de relações de parentesco, o acesso de Marta ao poder e sua transgressão de gênero são temporários porque sua comunidade e outros traficantes não a apoiam. O ensaio também propõe usar o termo “posições mais desejadas” para substituir a expressão “masculinidades hegemônicas” devido à prominência que as mulheres trans e cisgênero começaram a ter no mundo do tráfico de narcóticos.

In cloud storage, how to search sensitive data efficiently and securely is a challenging problem. The searchable encryption technique provides a secure storage method without loss of data confidentiality and utilization. As an important branch of searchable encryption, public-key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) is widely studied by scholars. However, most of the traditional PEKS schemes are vulnerable to the inside keyword guessing attack (IKGA) or some other weaknesses. Resisting the inside keyword guessing attack is likely to become a must-have property of all new PEKS schemes. For a long time, mitigating IKGA has been inefficient and difficult, and thus most existing PEKS schemes fail in achieving their security goals. To improve the security and efficiency of PEKS, we define the notion of Dual-server Public-key Authenticated Encryption with Keyword Search (DPAEKS), which protects against IKGA with high computation efficiency, and supports the authentication property. Then, we provide a construction of DPAEKS without bilinear pairings, which is secure against IKGA by leveraging two servers that do not cooperate. Experimental results obtained using a real-world dataset show that our scheme is highly efficient and provides strong security, making it suitable for deployment in practical applications.

Resumo Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou mapear e analisar a trajetória formativa e profissional dos egressos do Curso de Pedagogia do Instituto Superior de Educação Professor Aldo Muylaert (Isepam), instituição estadual sediada em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. Em 2018, realizou-se pesquisa de campo com 225 egressos (81% do total), que responderam a um formulário da Plataforma Google . A análise dos dados contou com o auxílio da Análise de Conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que a inserção profissional dos participantes na área da Educação é de 75%, enquanto 16% não atuam nesse setor e 9% estão desempregados. Os egressos que não atuam na área educacional indicaram que não o fazem por falta de oportunidade de trabalho. Sobre a formação continuada, mais da metade dos egressos já cursou ou cursa a especialização e dois egressos estão cursando o mestrado. A visão dos egressos sobre as oportunidades de formação continuada revelou dificuldades financeiras para custear a especialização privada e falta de tempo para se dedicar à pós-graduação pública. Abstract This article presents the results of a research that aimed to map and analyze the formative and professional trajectory of the graduates of the Pedagogy Course of the Higher Education Institute Professor Aldo Muylaert (Isepam), a state institution based in Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. In 2018, field research was carried out with 225 graduates (81% of the total), who answered a form from the Google Platform. Data analysis was supported by Content Analysis, by Laurence Bardin. The results showed that the professional insertion of the participants in the education area is 75%, while 16% do not work in education and 9% are unemployed. The graduates who do not work in the educational area indicated that they do not do it due to lack of job opportunities. About continuing education, more than half of the graduates have already attended or attended specialization courses and two graduates are studying Master’s degrees. The view of graduates about continuing education opportunities revealed financial difficulties to pay for private specialization courses and lack of time to enroll in public graduate courses. Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo mapear y analizar la trayectoria formativa y profesional de los graduados del Curso de Pedagogía en el Instituto Superior de Educação Profesor Aldo Muylaert (Isepam), institución estatal con sede en Campos dos Goytacazes / RJ. En 2018 se realizó una encuesta de campo a 225 egresados (81% del total), quienes respondieron un formulario de la Plataforma de Google. El análisis de datos fue apoyado por el Análisis de Contenido de Laurence Bardin. Los resultados revelaron que la inserción profesional de los participantes en el área de Educación es del 75%, mientras que el 16% no trabaja en este sector y el 9% está desempleado. Los graduados que no laboran en el área educativa indicaron que no lo hacen por falta de oportunidades laborales. En cuanto a la formación continua, más de la mitad de los graduados ya han cursado o están cursando el curso de Especialización y dos graduados están cursando actualmente un Máster. La visión de los graduados sobre las oportunidades de educación continua reveló dificultades financieras para financiar la especialización privada y falta de tiempo para dedicarlos a estudios públicos de posgrado.

The main factor restricting lead isotope analysis of metals from museum collections is the requirement for physical material. Hence, there are major incentives for developing minimally invasive methods for lead isotope analysis that are accurate and precise enough to reveal historical information about artefacts and their origin. Portable laser ablation (pLA), collecting microscopic samples on Teflon filters, has four key benefits. It produces no visual impact to the artefacts, does not require transport of artefacts to laboratory facilities, there are no artefact size restrictions, and samples are processed under clean laboratory conditions allowing Pb purification prior to measurement by solution MC-ICPMS. To validate the efficacy of the pLA technique on silver, nine matrixed-matched commercial, in-house and archaeological reference materials were sampled and analysed multiple times (9-10). The pLA mean analyses (±2SD) were all consistent with inter-laboratory bulk analyses. The digestion of sample filters produces precisions that are consistently more than five-times better than in situ nsLA-MC-ICPMS and are the same order of magnitude expected for bulk samples processed in different laboratories. This journal is

This article explores Latin American genomic studies of mestizaje and the way mestizaje’s inherent contradiction between equality and hierarchy—a contradiction typical of liberalism—is managed in genomics. In Latin America, ideologies and practices of mestizaje may be seen as an antidote to hierarchies of race and class, but also as a terrain for the enactment of these hierarchies. Mestizaje mediates this contradiction between equality and hierarchy first by deploying the idea of sexual intimacy and family kinship across racial difference, and second by representing blackness and indigeneity as spatially peripheral and temporally backward-looking, thus naturalizing them as other. Multiculturalism can be seen as a recent variant on these themes, as well as a departure from them. Recent genomics research in Latin America strongly reiterates these ideas, while also adding some new twists. Despite its apparent connection with progressive politics and policies (antiracism, better health for all, protection of human rights for victims of oppression), genomics here appears as a mainly conservative force. Resumen Este articulo aborda las investigaciones genomicas latinoamericanas del mestizaje y como la contradiccion inherente del mestizaje entre la igualdad y la jerarquia—una contradiccion tipica del liberalismo—se maneja en la genomica. En America Latina las ideologias y practicas del mestizaje pueden ser entendidas como un antidoto a las jerarquias de raza y clase, pero tambien como el terreno en el cual se reproducen estas jerarquias. El mestizaje media esta contradiccion entre la igualdad y la jerarquia primero al usar la idea de que la intimidad sexual y el parentesco atraviesan las diferencias racializadas; y segundo al representar lo negro y lo indigena como espacialmente perifericos y temporalmente atrasados, de esta manera naturalizandolos como Otro. Se puede entender el multiculturalismo como una variante reciente de estos temas, asi como una divergencia de ellos. En la ciencia genomica latinoamericana, investigaciones recientes reiteran fuertemente estas ideas, a la vez agregandoles nuevas acepciones. A pesar de su aparente vinculo con las politicas sociales progresivas (anti-racismo, mejor salud para todos, proteccion de los derechos humanos para las victimas de la violencia), en este caso la genomica se presenta como una fuerza mas que todo conservadora.

How we define our problems determines the solutions; yet problem framing within coastal management is rarely critiqued. Consequently, opportunities for comprehensive policy response, vital in addressing the complex challenges impacting the coast, are missed. To address this gap, we develop and apply coastal sustainability paradigms to critique 48 institutional instruments contributing to coastal management in Australia. In doing so, we uncover similarities and differences in the framing of coastal sustainability within Australian coastal management. An anthropocentric framing dominates, particularly at the local scale, prioritising humans over the environment. However, differences exist between and within jurisdictions based on sector and recency of policy reform. We also find evidence of problem-solution coupling, with some States prioritising hazard management over coastal management, through legislative backing of select instruments and sectors. The findings provide those involved in the complex system of coastal governance with the information needed to consider how the chosen framing supports or impedes public engagement and cross-scale and cross-sector coordination.

This paper aims to illustrate and give an interpretation of the results emerged from a pilot activity developed within the ROCK project, by the Department of Architecture of the University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum. Through this activity, we studied the indoor microclimate of the University Library of Bologna (BUB), in the Archive and in the Lecture Hall, with the aim to detect how these spaces are affected by the influence of factors such as the outdoor climate and the cooling and heating systems. Moreover, the paper presents the customisation of the probes’ alert system and of the probes itself, used for a one-year monitoring campaign started on the 20th of December 2018. In addition, we calculated the Heritage Microclimate Risk index, to verify the level of risk to which the heritage in the Library is exposed due to the indoor microclimate, and the Predicted Risk of Damage index, that evaluate the more specific risks of damage to which precise objects hosted in there are exposed. Therefore, this paper enriches the research field of Historic Indoor Microclimate, started in 2013, which concerns issues as preventive conservation and restoration in historic buildings. The new insights about the Bologna University Library facilitate the possibility to draw up a specific ‘Indoor Microclimate Management Protocol (IMMP)’ aimed at the preventive conservation of manuscripts and books in historical libraries.

In this paper, we propose an argumentation formalism that allows for both deductive and abductive argumentation, where ‘deduction’ is used as an umbrella term for both defeasible and strict ‘forward’ inference. Our formalism is based on an extended version of our previously proposed information graph (IG) formalism, which provides a precise account of the interplay between deductive and abductive inference and causal and evidential information. In the current version, we consider additional types of information such as abstractions which allow domain experts to be more expressive in stating their knowledge, where we identify and impose constraints on the types of inferences that may be performed with the different types of information. A new notion of attack is defined that captures a crucial aspect of abductive reasoning, namely that of competition between abductively inferred alternative explanations. Our argumentation formalism generates an abstract argumentation framework and thus allows arguments to be formally evaluated. We prove that instantiations of our argumentation formalism satisfy key rationality postulates.

This essay reviews the following works: Ancient Maya Pottery: Classification, Analysis, and Interpretation. Edited by James John Aimers. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013. Pp. vii + 293. $79.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780813042367. The Huasteca: Culture, History, and Interregional Exchange. Edited by Katherine A. Faust and Kim N. Richter. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. Pp. vii + 241. $55.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780806147048. Excavations in Residential Areas of Tikal: Group 7F-1. By William A. Haviland. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2015. Pp. xi + 133. $65.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781934536810. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. By Sarah E. Jackson. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 248. $29.95 hardback. ISBN: 9780806143415. The Ancient Maya Marketplace: The Archaeology of Transient Space. Edited by Eleanor M. King. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015. Pp. vii + 325. $60.54 cloth. ISBN: 9780816500413. The Spectacle of the Late Maya Court: Reflections on the Murals of Bonampak. By Mary Miller and Claudia Brittenham. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 285. $54.05 cloth. ISBN: 9780292744363. Maya Lords and Lordship: The Formation of Colonial Society in Yucatan, 1350–1600. By Sergio Quezada. Translated by Terry Rugeley. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 248. $34.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780806144221. Place and Identity in Classic Maya Narratives. By Alexandre Tokovinine. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection/Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. vii + 180. $39.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780884023920.

An accumulating amount of research has documented the harmful effects of abusive supervision on either its victims or third parties (peer abusive supervision). The abusive supervision literature, however, neglects to investigate the spillover effects of abusive supervision through third-party employees’ (i.e., peers’) mistreatment actions toward victims. Drawing on social learning theory, we argue that third parties learn mistreatment behaviors from abusive leaders and then themselves impose peer harassment and peer ostracism on victims, thereby negatively affecting victims’ performance. Further, we posit that, if a victim has a proactive personality, this will weaken these indirect, negative effects. We conducted two studies, both with three-wave longitudinal data, to verify the hypotheses. The results of Study 1 evidence the significant indirect effects of abusive supervision on employee creative performance via both peer harassment and peer ostracism. Contrary to our moderation hypothesis, the analysis shows that victims’ proactive personality strengthens rather than weakens the negative indirect effects of peer harassment. Study 2 generally replicated the results of Study 1 with employee’s objective job performance as outcome. Our research contributes to the abusive supervision literature by highlighting a social learning process of third-party peer mistreatment, suggesting a spillover channel of abusive supervision on the victim’s performance.

Books of etiquette emerged in Cuba during the nineteenth century as a tool that the creole class used to impose themselves as the model of an imagined national subject. Also known as manuals of urbanity and good manners, these texts projected the aspirations of the creole elite. They served as technologies to craft a kind of body—bourgeois, white, heterosexual, Cuban—molded to inhabit the new urban spatial configurations that the modernizing tendencies of the early century brought forth. I examine the synergistic ways in which manuals of conduct and their driving ideology, urbanity, developed in close relationship with the ornate—another major technology of government and differentiation of bodies through space. Politics of the ornate aimed to transform Havana into an elegant capital which was modern and colonial at once, and make its image “decent,” that is, clean from sensory references to black and female marginal bodies. I examine the discursive connections between the ornate and urbanity to unpack how modern bourgeois respectability was negotiated in a symbolic realm and through the regulation of sensations and emotions. Resumen Los manuales de conducta surgieron durante el siglo XIX cubano como un instrumento de la elite criolla en ascenso, para imponerse como modelo de un sujeto nacional imaginado en construccion. Estos textos, tambien llamados de “urbanidad y buenas maneras” fueron importantes simbolos de las aspiraciones de la elite criolla, en tanto tecnologias para la conformacion de un tipo de cuerpo —burgues, blanco, heterosexual, cubano— moldeado para habitar las nuevas configuraciones espaciales urbanas que trajeron consigo las tendencias modernizadoras de inicios de siglo. El presente articulo examina las formas sinergicas en que los manuales de conducta, y su ideologia motora, la urbanidad, se desarrollaron en estrecha relacion con otra importante tecnologia de gobierno y diferenciacion de cuerpos en el espacio: el ornato. Bajo la premisa de adecentar, las politicas de ornato tenian como objetivo transformar La Habana en una elegante capital, colonial y moderna a la vez, concebida como una imagen limpia de referencias sensoriales a cuerpos negros y femeninos marginales. Al examinar las conexiones discursivas entre el ornato y la urbanidad se evidencian las formas en que la respetabilidad moderna burguesa se negociaba, no solo en un plano simbolico sino tambien a traves de la regulacion de las sensaciones y emociones.

In this paper, I am going to cast doubt on an idea that is shared, explicitly or implicitly, by most contemporary pragmatic theories: that the inferential interpretation procedure described by Grice, neo-Griceans, or post-Griceans applies only to the interpretation of ostensive stimuli. For this special issue, I will concentrate on the relevance theory (RT) version of this idea. I will proceed by putting forward a dilemma for RT and argue that the best way out of it is to accept that the relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure applies to certain non-ostensive stimuli, contrary to what is generally claimed within RT. In particular, I will argue that relevance theorists should accept that (ceteris paribus) non-ostensive emotional expressions in interactions guarantee a presumption of relevance such that they are interpreted through the relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure. This leads me to propose what I call 'the expressive principle of relevance'.

Resumen El articulo estudia los argumentos para crear una historia alternativa de las representaciones del paramilitarismo en Mexico. Retrocediendo a la novela Astucia, de Luis G. Inclan, quien desarrollo un modelo del hombre de su tiempo: el Coronel Astucia. Este personaje participo en la formacion de un cartel y actividades paramilitares con el proposito de buscar justicia a traves del bandidaje social. Inclan fabula el lado oscuro de Mexico en su primer siglo, ofreciendo un rechazo de las narrativas de creacion de estado que los conservadores y liberales proveian. Podemos observar la naturaleza circular del bandidaje en Mexico y como sirve de contrapunto a las narraciones tradicionales de soberania. Ante el nuevo levantamiento armado en Michoacan, que ha producido grupos de autodefensa, este ensayo compara el discurso de Astucia con el de Nazario Moreno, difunto lider de la Familia Michoacana. Se argumenta que la necesidad de limitar el crecimiento del capital empuja a los bandidos sociales a producir discursos que ensamblan una politica del consumo, como una forma de producir la imagen de que el bandido confrontara la desigualdad economica. Abstract This article studies the arguments for an alternative history of paramilitary representations in Mexico, drawing back to Luis G. Inclan’s Astucia, which developed a history of a paragon of his time: Coronel Astucia. This character participated in cartel formation and paramilitary activities in order to seek justice through social banditry. Inclan develops a fable of the dark side of Mexico in its first century. He offers a rejection of the state-building narratives that conservatives and liberals provided. We can look into the circular nature of banditry in Mexico, and how it serves as a counterpoint to traditional narratives of sovereignty. As Michoacan has again risen in arms, organizing in self-defense groups, this essay compares Astucia’s discourse to that of Nazario Moreno, defunct leader of the Familia Michoacana. It argues that the need to limit capital building draws social bandits to strengthen discourses that construct a politics of consumption, as a means to produce the image of the bandit as confronting economic inequality.

This article examines how Zeyā al-Din Barani may have imagined that contemporary audiences would consume his Tārikh-e Firuz Shāhi. Would it only be read visually or also read aloud (directed at the ear rather than the eye), and thus be received aurally, or would it even be performed in front of a larger audience? The plot and protagonists of Barani's story on Moʿezz al-Din Keyqobād present a tragedy that develops around a sultan doomed to fail. An examination of the set-up of Barani's narrative reveals that it contains numerous textual devices that would enable a storyteller to perform the story, using the text as a kind of tumār. As tragedies are written for the stage, not the study, these features of the text indicate that matters of orality, which are crucial for many genres of premodern Persianate courtly literature, are also relevant to the Tārikh-e Firuz Shāhi.

Este artículo muestra cómo los viajes científicos contribuyen decisivamente a la construcción de la autoridad experta. Un ejemplo de esto se puede observar al estudiar el trabajo del químico José Casares Gil (1866-1961), que, junto a otros científicos españoles, realizó numerosos viajes a diversos países europeos y latinoamericanos. Algunos tenían objetivos formativos y académicos, pero otros estaban relacionados con la diplomacia y la mediación cultural en diferentes espacios. Además, formó parte de instituciones que impulsaron los intercambios científicos persiguiendo la renovación de las prácticas pedagógicas de la química en España y en América. Pero también fue un químico que desarrolló vínculos y redes de contactos entre diversos países, los cuales beneficiaban tanto a las instituciones involucradas como a los propios expertos que fortalecían su autoridad científica. This article shows how scientific travels contribute decisively to the construction of expert authority. An example of this can be observed in studying the work of the chemist José Casares Gil (18661961), who, together with other Spanish scientists, made several trips to European and Latin American countries. Some had formative and academic objectives, but others were related to diplomacy and cultural mediation in different spaces. Furthermore, he formed part of institutions that promoted scientific exchanges to modernize pedagogical practices in the teaching of chemistry in Spain and in America. But he was also a chemist who developed links and networks of contacts among a variety of different countries, which benefited both the institutions involved and the experts themselves who thereby strengthened their own scientific authority. este artigo mostra como as viagens científicas contribuem decisivamente para a construção da autoridade especializada. Um exemplo disso pode ser observado ao estudar o trabalho do químico José Casares Gil (1866-1961), que, junto com outros cientistas espanhóis, realizou inúmeras viagens a diversos países europeus e latino-americanos. Alguns tinham objetivos formativos e acadêmicos, mas outros estavam relacionados com a diplomacia e a mediação cultural em diferentes espaços. Além disso, ele fez parte de instituições que promoveram os intercâmbios científicos que perseguiam a renovação das práticas pedagógicas da química na Espanha e na América. Também foi um químico que desenvolveu vínculos e redes de contatos entre diversos países que beneficiavam tanto as instituições envolvidas quanto os próprios especialistas que fortaleciam sua autoridade científica.

© 2018 International Speech Communication Association. All rights reserved. We present an overview of the second edition of the Spoken CALL Shared Task. Groups competed on a prompt-response task using English-language data collected, through an online CALL game, from Swiss German teens in their second and third years of learning English. Each item consists of a written German prompt and an audio file containing a spoken response. The task is to accept linguistically correct responses and reject linguistically incorrect ones, with “linguistically correct” defined by a gold standard derived from human annotations. Scoring was performed using a metric defined as the ratio of the relative rejection rates on incorrect and correct responses. The second edition received eighteen entries and showed very substantial improvement on the first edition; all entries were better than the best entry from the first edition, and the best score was about four times higher. We present the task, the resources, the results, a discussion of the metrics used, and an analysis of what makes items challenging. In particular, we present quantitative evidence suggesting that incorrect responses are much more difficult to process than correct responses, and that the most significant factor in making a response challenging is its distance from the closest training example.

This article examines links between mid-Victorian opposition to com- merce in popular works on sexual health and the introduction of a legal test of obscenity, in the 1868 trial R. v. Hicklin, that opened the public distribution of any work that contained sexual information to prosecution. The article demonstrates how both campaigning medical journals’ crusades against “obscene quackery” and judicial and anti-vice groups who aimed to protect public morals responded to unruly trade in medical print by linking popular medical works with public cor- ruption. When this link was codified, it became a double-edged sword for medi- cal authorities. The Hicklin test provided these authorities with a blunt tool for disciplining professional medical behavior. However, it also radically narrowed the parameters through which even the most established practitioners could com- municate medical information without risking censure.

Dematerialization and the “as-a-service” (XaaS) business model are a strong business trend. They are key to reducing the carbon footprint of the economy.

This study focuses on literary and sub-literary texts which present Egyptian scholars. I first look at outsider’s views (like the church-father Clement of Alexandria), borderline views (like the Egyptian priest Chairemon), and insider’s views. For the latter examination, two compositions are studied in more detail. The first is the Book of the Temple, which is a manual of the ideal Egyptian temple, including sections about the duties of several of its intellectual specialists. The second is the Ritual for Entering the Chamber of Darkness, which is a difficult text about the initiation to arcane religious knowledge and the mysteries of writing.

We extend classical Propositional Logic (PL) by adding a new primitive binary connective $\varphi|\psi$, intended to represent the "superposition" of sentences $\varphi$ and $\psi$, an operation motivated by the corresponding notion of quantum mechanics, but not intended to capture all aspects of the latter as they appear in physics. To interpret the new connective, we extend the classical Boolean semantics by employing models of the form $\langle M,f\rangle$, where $M$ is an ordinary two-valued assignment for the sentences of PL and $f$ is a choice function for all pairs of classical sentences. In the new semantics $\varphi|\psi$ is strictly interpolated between $\varphi\wedge\psi$ and $\varphi\vee\psi$. By imposing several constraints on the choice functions we obtain corresponding notions of logical consequence relations and corresponding systems of tautologies, with respect to which $|$ satisfies some natural algebraic properties such as associativity, closedness under logical equivalence and distributivity over its dual connective. Thus various systems of Propositional Superposition Logic (PLS) arise as extensions of PL. Axiomatizations for these systems of tautologies are presented and soundness is shown for all of them. Completeness is proved for the weakest of these systems. For the other systems completeness holds if and only if every consistent set of sentences is extendible to a consistent and complete one, a condition whose truth is closely related to the validity of the deduction theorem., Comment: 55 pages

This article considers the principle in the tort of private nuisance that the level of protection to which one is entitled from certain kinds of interference is sensitive to one's locality. It argues that the principle can be partly justified by the different costs of avoiding an interference which different localities create. However, it shows that, if the principle is to be justified in its entirety, a further justification is necessary. The article considers further justifications based on social rules, autonomy, cost minimisation, the idea of a system of equal right and an analogy to the rules on hypersensitive claimants. It largely rejects these explanations and concludes that, to the extent the locality principle requires individuals to bear substantial burdens that they would not have to bear were collective interests set aside, without compensation, it is difficult to justify.

In their efforts to prevent democratic backsliding, militant democrats havetraditionally been sympathetic to technocratic arrangements. Does this sym-pathy imply a logical congruence? Comparing theories of militant democracyand epistemic technocracy (aka epistocracy), I discover a common approach tobasic aspects of representative democracy. Both theories see voters as fallible orignorant instead of capable political agents; and they both understand politicalparties to be channels of state rule rather than democratic expression. Thisshared suspicion of grassroots political agency explains why they employ non-democratic means to pursue their goals. But the two theories appear to be alsoanalytically co-extensive. Like militant democrats, epistemic technocrats polem-icize antidemocrats inasmuch as the latter are proxies for epistemically fouldecision-making. Conversely, militant democrats try to block ‘incorrect’ deci-sions as long as these lead to democratic subversion, thereby producing adistinct type of militant technocracy. The article ends by drawing the implica-tions of this symbiosis of epistemic and militant democratic ideas for contem-porary democratic theory.

In the last decade, business and life coaching programmes have rapidly proliferated in the People’s Republic of China. Such programmes promise radical self-transformations aiming at individual success and social responsibility. The methods of most coaching programmes popular in China today are characterised by strict discipline and emotional expressivity, which are enacted in personal bonds between participants and coaches. This article describes and analyses these processes of self-transformation for the case of the rapidly growing ‘Leadership Programmes’ (LP). We outline the social background and emergence of LP programmes, present the typical features of LP training and discuss the consequences of self-transformation as seen by participants and outsiders. Altogether, these leadership programmes constitute an important new platform where ethical subjectivities are created and negotiated among new middle-class Chinese; subjectivities that are supposed to be enterprising, responsible, and expressive.

For Computer Science instructors, upholding academic integrity requires approaching teaching and assessment in a way that communicates progressive principles such as honesty, trust, fairness, respect and responsibility to students, At the same time, instructors also have to take steps to make it untenable for students to commit academic misconduct. This means that instructors need to be aware of unacceptable conduct by students, covering behaviours such as plagiarism, collusion, contract cheating, examination cheating and research fraud. Instructors also need to put measures into place to design out opportunities for students to engage in such unacceptable behaviours. This chapter explores academic integrity from the perspective of the knowledge needed by a Computer Science instructor. This is a changeable feast, as new methods to subvert academic integrity are always emerging, particularly in Computer Science where many students have the skills needed to develop the technology that aids new ways of cheating. As such, the chapter recommends that instructors deliver their curriculum with a pro-active focus on academic integrity from the outset. This includes leading by example and developing assessments that remove easy opportunities for students to cheat. This also means putting methods of detecting academic misconduct in place, even if detecting misconduct is only really intended as a measure designed to disincentivise students from cheating since they may get caught.

Music education majors report low exposure to creative musical activities (CMAs) despite increased discourse surrounding the inclusion of CMAs in standards, curricula, publications, and practice. The purpose of this study was to compare preservice music teachers’ (PMT) and music teacher educators’ (MTE) experiences with CMAs. We used an anonymous survey instrument to explore definitions, perceived importance and preparedness, and the incorporation of CMAs within undergraduate music education curricula. MTEs and PMTs valued the inclusion of CMAs in preK–12 curricula, PMTs felt most prepared to teach arranging and least prepared to teach composing with their future preK–12 students, and PMTs valued and desired more opportunities to practice CMAs in undergraduate curricula. MTEs should consider integrating these activities as regular components in undergraduate music curricula.

Spelling correction is one of the main tasks in the field of Natural Language Processing. Contrary to common spelling errors, real-word errors cannot be detected by conventional spelling correction methods. The real-word correction model proposed by Mays, Damerau and Mercer showed a great performance in different evaluations. In this research, however, a new hybrid approach is proposed which relies on statistical and syntactic knowledge to detect and correct real-word errors. In this model, Constraint Grammar (CG) is used to discriminate among sets of correction candidates in the search space. Mays, Damerau and Mercer's trigram approach is manipulated to estimate the probability of syntactically well-formed correction candidates. The approach proposed here is tested on the Wall Street Journal corpus. The model can prove to be more practical than some other models, such as WordNet-based method of Hirst and Budanitsky and fixed windows size method of Wilcox-O'Hearn and Hirst.

Photographs play a crucial role in the ways the lives and deaths of Pier Paolo Pasolini and Aldo Moro are remembered in Italian culture. Locating photographs of the two men taken before and after their murders against the backdrop of the changes in photographic practice that took place in Italy from the period of the economic boom in the late 1950s through to the early 1970s, this article explores and compares the cultural meanings of the photographs of the bodies of these two very different but equally symbolic public figures, both alive and dead. Analysing the significance of these images in Italy in the 1970s and after, it notes how contemporary theoretical approaches to the medium – particularly in terms of understandings of mass media forms and the theoretical linking of photography and death – shaped how the photographs have been understood in relation to their social and political context. It argues that the afterimage of the photographs of the corpses of Pasolini and Moro is overlaid in Italian cultural memory over the visual record of the two men during their lives in a kind of mnemonic ‘double exposure’ that constitutes these bodies of images as collective icons of their times.

The United States Council for International Business today is one of the United States most powerful domestic business organisations and is a leading ambassador for US international business intere...

Despite the importance of writing skills to school and life success, there is scant research into the enabling and constraining conditions that shape elementary students’ views about their writing practices. This paper examines students’ views about writing through the lens of reflexivity theory. Applying an explanatory sequential model of mixed-method design, it first describes the development of a self-report questionnaire to investigate the views of 570 elementary students about themselves as writers. Second, it draws on semi-structured interviews with 46 students across Years 3 to 6. The results show that the majority of students see themselves as autonomous and meta-reflexive writers. In addition, results indicate time, teacher pedagogy and the place to practice writing as contextual conditions experienced by learners and place an emphasis on the personal conditions such as students’ lack of confidence, persistence and ideas. We discuss implications for further practice in elementary schools.

Visions are a major driver of the scientific and technological advance, as may be seen in the fields of spaceflight, nanotechnology, or synthetic biology. They often play a major role in the early stages of innovation. However, the spreading of scientific visions and their role in innovation processes is not well understood yet. Techno-visionary futures are created and obviously have authors whose work initiates a process of spreading by communication and dissemination. While the spreading of these visions into scientific and societal debates and their impacts upon them can considerably influence the course of research and innovation, little is known about the processes and mechanisms of spreading of techno-visionary futures. We only can diagnose desiderates for future research and propose some ideas how this gap could be closed.

Anthropology can be broadly characterised as an optimistic discipline. While working with underprivileged groups and individuals struggling against difficult socio-economic and environmental condit...

Approximately 90% of Mexican archaeological sites are on communal ejido lands and yet the Mexican Constitution stipulates that all cultural heritage is the property of the federal government. Considering this disconnect between federal and local practices, how can archaeologists work with ejido communities to help preserve cultural patrimony? This article explores the micropolitics associated with archaeological fieldwork on communal ejido lands in Western Mexico. We show how long-standing practices based on local histories, community political theater, and interpersonal relations shape fieldwork and cultural conservation initiatives in important and unintended ways. In our study near the site of Angamuco, Michoacán, we draw upon ethnographic and archival research and outreach projects over five field seasons, and address the tensions that emerge when informal micropolitical and formal top–down sociopolitical practices interface. We show how aspects of a policy science approach are appropriate for long-term community-supported archaeology and cultural heritage management.

The origins of proof-theoretic semantics lie in the question of what constitutes the meaning of the logical connectives and its response: the rules of inference that govern the use of the connective. However, what if we go a step further and ask about the meaning of a proof as a whole? In this paper we address this question and lay out a framework to distinguish sense and denotation of proofs. Two questions are central here. First of all, if we have two (syntactically) different derivations, does this always lead to a difference, firstly, in sense, and secondly, in denotation? The other question is about the relation between different kinds of proof systems (here: natural deduction vs. sequent calculi) with respect to this distinction. Do the different forms of representing a proof necessarily correspond to a difference in how the inferential steps are given? In our framework it will be possible to identify denotation as well as sense of proofs not only within one proof system but also between different kinds of proof systems. Thus, we give an account to distinguish a mere syntactic divergence from a divergence in meaning and a divergence in meaning from a divergence of proof objects analogous to Frege's distinction for singular terms and sentences., Comment: Post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of article, published version available open access under DOI: 10.1007/s10992-020-09577-2

The activity of Italian banks in Egypt in the first half of the 20th century represents an almost unexplored field of investigation in economic and banking historiography. This article is the first attempt to innovate the Italian banking literature in this area, providing evidence from a country strategically located in the Middle Eastern geopolitical framework. At the same time and more generally, it contributes to the multinational banking literature on the characteristics and criticalities of banks belonging to multinational groups, which are subject to a ‘liability of foreignness’ due to political, geographical and economic differences between the home country and the host economy. The paper addresses the main drivers of success of Italian banks, which were able to occupy primary positions within the Egyptian banking sector despite their relatively modest capital size thanks to an aggressive policy focused on the cotton market. It then highlights the reasons for the subsequent problems these institutes faced, showing the difficulties of a latecomer and capital-poor country, such as Italy, in carrying out a catching-up process aimed at widening its influence over geographical areas considered strategic in terms of political and commercial penetration.

Prawitz formulated the so-called inversion principle as one of the characteristic features of Gentzen's intuitionistic natural deduction. In the literature on proof-theoretic semantics, this principle is often coupled with another that is called the recovery principle. By adopting the Computational Ludics framework, we reformulate these principles into one and the same condition, which we call the harmony condition. We show that this reformulation allows us to reveal two intuitive ideas standing behind these principles: the idea of "containment" present in the inversion principle, and the idea that the recovery principle is the "converse" of the inversion principle. We also formulate two other conditions in the Computational Ludics framework, and we show that each of them is equivalent to the harmony condition., Comment: In Proceedings Linearity&TLLA 2020, arXiv:2112.14305

This project aims to test whether geometric morphometric (GM) and trabecular analyses may be useful tools in identifying talar characteristics related to hypochondroplasia. We quantified the external and internal talar morphology of an hypochondroplasic dwarf (T17) from Modena (northern Italy) dated to the 6th century AD. External talar morphology of T17 was compared with a broad sample of modern human tali (n = 159) using GM methods. Additionally, a subsample of these tali (n = 41) was used to investigate whole talar trabecular changes in T17. Our results show that GM and trabecular analyses identify a combination of traits linked to the dwarfing disorder of hypochondroplasia. These traits include decreased scaled talar dimensions compared to normal-sized individuals, presence of an accessory antero-lateral talar facet, high bone volume fraction and high anisotropy values throughout the entire talus. In our case study, hypochondroplasia does not appear to substantially modify external talar morphology probably due to the fast growth of the talus. We suggest that small talar dimensions are associated with hypochondroplasia. An antero-lateral talar facet may result from the talus and calcaneus coalition (i.e., talocalcaneal abnormal bridging) possibly related to an everted foot posture that was limited by overgrowth of the fibula. We suggest that high talar trabecular density and strut orientation provide insights into pathological development of the trabecular plates in T17. Finally, our study suggests that high talar trabecular density and strut orientation, and small talar dimensions, may be added as possible concomitant talar hallmarks for hypochondroplasia.