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Emitter bio-clogging has a close relation with the formation and growth of its internal clogging substances - the biofilms attached in the reclaimed water drip irrigation system. Chlorination with lateral flushing is one of the most effective measures to control the formation of biofilms within emitter, by using the chlorine to inhibit microbial growth and the shearing force to scour the clogging substances out of the system. Based on these, a field experiment using the reclaimed water treated with the cyclic activated sludge system (CASS) technology was carried out in the sewage treatment plant in order to study the controlling effects of 3 types of modes on emitter clogging, which were lateral flushing (flushing velocity was 0.45 m/s), chlorination (chlorination concentration was 5.00 mg/L) and chlorination with lateral flushing; chlorine and lateral flushing frequency were both once every 2 weeks (the time interval was 50 h). The result showed that chlorination with lateral flushing could effectively reduce the microbial contents in the attached biofilms within the emitters, as the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) microbial content was 18.8 μg at the second sampling, which was decreased by 52.2%, 44.2%, 73.2% compared with lateral flushing, chlorination and CK (the control, neither lateral flushing nor chlorination) treatment, respectively, and the secreted sticky extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content was also reduced by 28.0%, 22.9%, 63.9%, respectively. EPS content was 0.47 mg at the second sampling, so that the total amount of clogging substances within emitter decreased by 47.4%, 43.1%, 69.1% with the joint action of the microorganisms and the secreted viscous polymer, thus making the emitter discharge ratio variation (Dra) and coefficient of uniformity (CU) improved by 40.0% and 53.0% respectively at the maximum, and the CU was kept more than 70%. The PLFAs microbial content and EPS content increased from the inlet of the drip irrigation lateral for the same treatment. The results also indicated that the content of EPS in the emitter did not show the same trend in comparison with the chlorination and lateral flushing. The effect of lateral flushing on the secretion of viscous EPS was better than that of chlorination treatment for the head part of emitter, but it was opposite for the middle and end part of emitter. Chlorination and lateral flushing could kill microorganisms, the species of microorganisms marked by PLFAs decreased obviously, and the microbial community structure in the emitter changed, but the types of dominant microorganisms were not changed. Thus it was more likely to delay chlorination starting time, and when the emitter Dra was reduced to 80%, chlorination could still reach a satisfactory controlling effect. Chlorination with the lateral flushing kills microorganisms and scours away the clogging substances at the same time, which makes the biofilm continued to grow and detach. But microorganisms produce resistance, and the production of resistant bacteria increases microbial activity to adapt to the changing external environment. So chlorination with lateral flushing increased microbial activity significantly by 36.5%, 29.0% and 15.7%, respectively, compared with lateral flushing, chlorination and CK treatment. It also decreased the recovery effect on emitter clogging gradually. In general, chlorination with lateral flushing can effectively control emitter clogging for drip irrigation using the reclaimed water treated with CASS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the communication problem of mobile devices when military operates in complex terrain and climatic conditions, network nodes are designed according to the characteristics of the ultraviolet communication, and then the performance of UV communication system is studied based on the non-line-of-sight single scattering model of UV. According to MATLAB simulation results, an analysis is made of the relationship between off-axis angle and path loss，BER when Tx beam angle，Rx FOV and baseline distance are different. The results show that path loss and BER increase with the increase of baseline distance and off-axis angle， the larger Rx FOV is， the smaller BER is， the longer the effective communication between nodes is,the change of Tx beam angle to the performance of ultraviolet on network node is not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Jintiange capsule combined with calcitonin on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with osteoporosis. Methods Ninety patients in the Song outpatient department of our hospital were diagnosed using X-Ray examination and BMD. They were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the experimental group (45 cases) received Jintiange capsule combined with the subcutaneous injection of calcitonin. Patients in the control group (45 cases) received oral aceclofenac combined with calcitonin the subcutaneous injection of calcitonin. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks and the follow up lasted for 6month. WOMAC osteoarthritis index, biochemical indexes, and Lysholm knee function score were evaluated before the treatment and 4-week and 6-month after discontinuation of the medicine. After 1 year of outpatient follow-up, the efficacy was summarized. Results The difference of pain relief time and function recovery between the treatment group and the control group was statistically significant (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Jintiange capsule combined with calcitonin treatment of knee osteoarthritis with osteoporosis can not only block the disease development and improve joint function, but also can maintain its long-term curative effect, improve the activity and the quality of life. The treatment is safe, effective, and able to adapt in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The probability density evolution method and the advanced nonlinear analysis technique adopting damage constitutive law of concrete are incorporated，whereby the stochastic response analysis of structures based on traditional simplified component-structure two-level models is improved to the level of refined analysis involving stochastic constitutive law of material-structure coupling. Probability density evolution analysis of stochastic nonlinear response of multi-story concrete frame structures with random structural parameters is then implemented. Further, the randomness involved in concrete and steel materials and damping parameter is taken into account，and the properties of stochastic evolution of major responses are examined，showing that due to the effects of stochastic damage of concrete. Compared to the responses of linear structures，the variability of the axial force of column and the inter-story shear force changes a lot, whereas the probability density evolution surfaces of inter-story shear and inter-story drift tends to be more irregular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the complexity of integral calculation for irregular common volume in ultraviouler(UV)communication,based on the single scattering noncoplanar geometries model of UV,Monte Carlo method which uses photon tracing is applied to simulate the whole process of UV communication.According to MATLAB simulation results,an analysis is made of the relationship between off-axis angle at transmitter and path loss,bandwidth,impulse response and channel capacity with different commmunication distance are analyzed.The results show that with the increase of off-axis angle,system response time extends while channel capacity decreases with the increase of the communication distance and off-axia angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application status of antibioticsin outpatient and emergency department of Dandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (hereinafter referred to as“our hospital”), so as to provide reference for the scientific management and rational application of antibiotics. METHODS:402 314 prescriptions of outpatient and emergency department of our hospital during 2013-2015 were extracted. According to thebasis of “Prescription Management Method“and“Guiding Principle of Clinical Application of Antibiotics”, statistical analysis was conducted on the application rate, categories selection, drug combination and defined daily dose system (DDDs) of antibiotics, some suggestions were put forward to improve the existing problems. RESULTS:Of the 402 314 prescriptions, 56 324 cases were antibiotics prescriptions, the application rate was 14.00%;among which the application rate of antibiotics in pediatrics took the lead (25.18%,14 181prescriptions). Antibiotics often used in respiratory system disease, mainly for pneumonia assingle drug. Cephalosporins were used most, which had 7 varieties,including 42 898 times;DDDs of cefoperazone-sulbactam sodium took the lead;intravenous administration was the main route of administration; and irrational prescription was mainly in no indication. CONCLUSIONS: The application of antibioticsino utpatient and emergency department of our hospital is basically rational, yet there are still some irrational phenomenon, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and train of clinical application of knowledge of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]