Search

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Disease / Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a major concern in medical practice. Asymptomatic VRE colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may lead to infection. In this study, which included patients who stayed in our hospital between 2006 and 2011, we looked at the cases of 342 patients with VRE colonization and 19 patients with VRE infection. Vancomycin and carbapenem exposure and intestinal disorders were significantly more common in patients with VRE infection than in those with VRE colonization (p=0.02/0.04/0.04 respectively). Secondary immune deficiency was significantly more common in VRE-colonized patients than in VRE-infected patients (p=0.03). VRE colonization time was significantly related with young age, presence of intravenous catheter, presence of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, length of hospitalization before and after VRE isolation, length of ICU stay before and after VRE isolation, total ICU stay, antibiotic exposure within 3 months, hospitalization (in our hospital) within 3 months, and having a site of infection other than VRE (p=0.01/ 0.01/ 0.04/ <0.001/ 0.02/ <0.001/ 0.002/ 0.006/ 0.002/ 0.004/ 0.01/ 0.002, respectively). Overall mortality and sepsis was more common in the VRE-infected group than in the VRE-colonized group. Taking into consideration limiting antibiotic usage in potential cases and screening for patients at risk could be beneficial in terms of limiting VRE infection and colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a major concern in medical practice. Asymptomatic VRE colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may lead to infection. In this study, which included patients who stayed in our hospital between 2006 and 2011, we looked at the cases of 342 patients with VRE colonization and 19 patients with VRE infection. Vancomycin and carbapenem exposure and intestinal disorders were significantly more common in patients with VRE infection than in those with VRE colonization (p=0.02/0.04/0.04 respectively). Secondary immune deficiency was significantly more common in VRE-colonized patients than in VRE-infected patients (p=0.03). VRE colonization time was significantly related with young age, presence of intravenous catheter, presence of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, length of hospitalization before and after VRE isolation, length of ICU stay before and after VRE isolation, total ICU stay, antibiotic exposure within 3 months, hospitalization (in our hospital) within 3 months, and having a site of infection other than VRE (p=0.01/ 0.01/ 0.04/ <0.001/ 0.02/ <0.001/ 0.002/ 0.006/ 0.002/ 0.004/ 0.01/ 0.002, respectively). Overall mortality and sepsis was more common in the VRE-infected group than in the VRE-colonized group. Taking into consideration limiting antibiotic usage in potential cases and screening for patients at risk could be beneficial in terms of limiting VRE infection and colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geotrichum capitatum, formerly known as Trichosporon capitatum, is an uncommon but frequently fatal invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, especially in hematological malignancies. We report a seven-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia with Geotrichum septicemia with involvement of the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys, who had a favorable outcome after therapy. Alteration of antifungal treatment to liposomal amphotericin B resolved the fever with favorable clinical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute tonsillopharyngitis is a very common upper respiratory tract infection and might cause serious morbidity and even mortality if not handled properly. Although the etiologic agent is mostly viral, group A beta hemolytic streptococcus is the most important bacterial agent, with a frequency of 15-30% in the pediatric age group. In this article, as the social burden for this infection is notable and almost one-third of costs are estimated to be non-medical, we applied a questionnaire to the parents of 100 proven group A tonsillopharyngitis patients to describe the social cost of this infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fascioliasis, an uncommon liver disease in children, is caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Its clinical and laboratory findings may mimic several disorders of the liver, including malignancies. Diagnosis is usually made by demonstrating the presence of the parasite in liver tissue or the stool, or by serology, but many children are diagnosed incidentally. Described here are the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of five pediatric fascioliasis cases with different clinical pictures presenting over a period of five years, all of whom were successfully cured with oral triclabendazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain abscess is an uncommon intracranial suppurative infectious disease, especially in children. The clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of 75 children with brain abscesses admitted to the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy-five cases of brain abscess within a 28-year period were included in this study. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptoms. Cyanotic congenital heart disease was the most common predisposing factor. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus spp. Although congenital heart disease remained the most common predisposing factor for development of intracerebral abscess, the rate of immunocompromised diseases as a predisposing factor of brain abscess has increased in recent years, and better management of otogenic infections also influences the prevalence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influenza A (H1N1) virus responsible for the 2009 pandemic follows a more severe course in children, thus increasing the need for hospitalization. On the other hand, during the first weeks of the pandemic, use of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) in children was restricted, and it was not yet approved for use in children younger than one year of age because of the lack of adequate safety and efficacy data and because of concerns regarding central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in newborn rats. However, citing a state of emergency, conditional approval was granted first in the United States, then Europe and finally in Turkey. The main aim of this study was to share our experience with oseltarnivir in 35 patients less than one year of age during the 2009 HIN1 pandemic. A total of 35 infants (21 boys, 14 girls; mean age: 160 days [24-335]) were treated during the study period. Six patients required hospitalization, five of whom (14.2%) had an underlying chronic disorder. During the pandemic, we diagnosed H1N1 infection based on clinical symptoms. Nasal swabs were positive for H1N1 in 88.5% of cases. Mild elevations in liver enzymes were present in 39.1% of patients with available blood work-up at presentation, and no changes in liver enzymes were observed with oseltamivir treatment. None of the patients developed any neurological, dermatological or gastrointestinal side effects in association with oseltamivir treatment. No complaints of drowsiness, lethargy or sleep disturbance were reported by the parents. Although our case number is very limited, our study results suggest that oseltamivir is well tolerated in young infants, and we can conclude that oseltamivir could be used in the treatment of influenza A in this age group. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to evaluate using oseltamivir in more cases among infancy age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare skin disorder, characterized by acute development of numerous, pin-head sized, non-follicular pustules on erythematous skin, with high fever and neutrophili The condition is frequently caused by hypersensitivity reaction to drugs o viral infections. Diagnosis is established according to clinical and histologic criteria. Herein, we report a 17-year-old girl with localized AGEP related to the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fascioliasis is an emerging and important chronic parasitic disease caused by two trematode liver fluke species: Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) infecting several herbivorous mammals including cattle, goats, sheep, and humans. We report a 9-year-old girl who suffered from F. hepatica infection and underwent right hepatectomy because of increasing abdominal pain resistant to anthelmintic chemotherapy. When anthelmintic drug treatment is not effective and abdominal pain persists, surgical resection including hepatectomy should be kept in mind for resistant F. hepat ica infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a gram- negative coccobacillus that is transmitted to humans by direct contact with or ingestion of infected animal tissues, through the bite of infected arthropods, by consumption of contaminated food or water, or from inhalation of aerosolized bacteria. Presented herein is a case of a four-year-old girl who was diagnosed with glandular tularemia after presenting with prolonged fever and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A history of contact with a rabbit was a valuable clue for the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% alcohol with that of 10% povidone-iodine, for dressing changes in pediatric hematology-oncology patients with port catheters, in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI)., Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study, 45 patients (25 patients for chlorhexidine, 20 patients for povidone-iodine) with port catheters were evaluated from January 2018 to May 2019. The sociodemographic, clinical, and port catheter-related variables were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 6.28 ± 4.58 years, and 60% of patients were female., Results: Among the patients whose dressings were changed using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% alcohol, the mean number of dressing changes was 39.52 ± 29.7 and the rates of exit-site infection and CRBSI were 20% (2.37/1000 catheter-days) and 16% (1.90/1000 catheter-days), respectively. Among the patients whose dressings were changed using 10% povidone-iodine, the mean number of dressing changes was 48.0 ± 31.48 and the rates of exit-site infection and CRBSI were 15% (1.59/1000 catheter-days) and 10% (1.06/1000 catheter-days), respectively. None of the patients developed pocket infections. The rates of CRBSI and exit-site infections were not different between the 2 antiseptic solutions., Conclusion: This study found no differences between the effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol and that of 10% povidone-iodine solution in preventing CRBSI. Therefore, both solutions can be used in dressing changes.