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Support for families in the context of separation and divorce has evolved significantly over the last 30 years in the UK. There is growing acceptance that "one size doesn't fit all"—families need different support at different times, and often a combination of services. Relationships Scotland, a network of 21 Member Services, is able to customize and integrate support to meet the needs of each particular family at any stage of relationship difficulty. This article describes the impact of tailored support for one family, as an example of the potential benefit of community‐based, integrated, and flexible support provision. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Community based and integrated support services allow for customised provision and deliver positive outcomes for children and families.Learning from innovations and partnership working promotes a responsive and creative service provision.The specific legal, governmental, cultural and geographical context impacts on the success of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Kelsen rejects both natural law theories and fact-based positivism. Rather, following certain ideas inspired by the neo-Kantian philosophy, he attempts to preserve a clear separation between law and facts as well as between law and morality. As it is well-known, Kelsen's Neo-Kantian ideas are combined with other theses extracted from a positivistic vision of the law. However, as Stanley L. Paulson shows in his very fine paper about the limits of the kelsenian doctrine, Neo-Kantism and positivism cannot be easily articulated in a coherent picture. In particular, Paulson analyses two closely connected problems. On the one hand, the relation between legal interpretation and the 'irregular' creation of norms (i.e., the problem of constraints) and, on the other hand, the limits of purity (i.e., the philosophical problem). In this paper, I will briefly comment on both problems mentioned by Paulson. First, I deal with the philosophical problem and I focus on (i) the distinction between 'Is' and 'Ought' and (ii) the rejection of Natural Law Theories. Second, I analyse the problem of constraints and I pay attention to certain consequences that stem from the validity of irregular norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a literary criticism of the book "The Distance Between Us" by Reyna Grande which explores this multidimensional space through her family's experiences of separation, deprivation, and longing. It mentions importance of nostalgia in Grande's memoir is an echo of its status in Chicana/o and Latina/o cultural production. It also mentions migrant's feelings of separation or displacement from the homeland.

Socio-legal research has established the importance of a 'good' post-separation parental relationship; however there is little work addressing the definitions and experiences of parents themselves. Thus, we have few insights into how socio-legal expectations align with those of separated parents. This paper draws on interview data from 27 separated Australian parents to explore the question: how do parents define a good post-separation parental relationship? Our analysis indicated a typology of three relationships: allied, arm's length and autonomous relationships. These were differentiated by parents' emotional connection, practical interdependence and deliberate co-operation in caring for their children. They shared in common parents' focus on the wellbeing of children, which both motivated parents' on-going connection and informed their definition of a good post-separation relationship with their former partner. Our findings indicate an alignment between socio-legal expectations of good relationships and those of parents, albeit in sometimes unexpected forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on horror of immigrant family detention and its history after signing of executive order by U.S. President Donald Trump in June 2018 ending the policy that separated immigrant children from their parents. It mentions internment of immigrant children with their parents violates an evolving standard of decency which is enshrined in the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause. It also mentions application of the evolving standard of decency to civil immigration family detention.

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Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Louise Sophie Bourdet married Jean Philbert Quentin de Champlost in 1775 and filed a lawsuit for marital separation from him in 1783. She charged him with financial and sexual misconduct, verbal and threatened physical abuse, and defamation. Further, she accused him of accusing her of having sexual relations with women. His lawyer Roch Henri Prévost de Saint-Lucien not only denied this allegation, but also argued that the accusation, like the conduct in question, could not constitute grounds for separation. The Parlement suppressed this section of his judicial mémoire, and Prévost de Saint-Lucien made a formal apology to his colleagues in the Parisian Order of Barristers. In the end, Bourdet lost her lawsuit. This case provides a rare example of discussion of same-sex relations between women in legal as opposed to medical and fictional sources in eighteenth-century France and suggests that tribadism did not have the same meaning in all texts and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (00347922) is the property of Editorial Reus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (00347922) is the property of Editorial Reus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article talks about the will of English writer Charles Dickens in regards to his estranged wife Catherine, who he did not refer by name in the document and left an annuity to come from an investment he made in trust to two of the couples sons. Topics discussed include Dickens' separation from Catherine having mentioned Catherine's sister Georgina Hogarth as a putative third party.

Background: Marital separation and divorce are associated with an increased risk of early mortality, but the specific biobehavioral pathways that explain this association remain largely unknown.Purpose: This study sought to identify the putative psychological, behavioral, and biomarker variables that can help explain the association of being separated or divorced and increased risk for early mortality.Methods: Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a representative community sample of aging adults (N = 5,786), we examined the association of marital status and life satisfaction, health behaviors measured 2 years later, biomarkers measured 4 years later, and mortality outcomes from the subsequent 4 years.Results: Consistent with prior literature, older adults who were separated/divorced evidenced greater risk of mortality relative to those in intact marriages over the study period, OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.15, 1.86]. Marital status was associated with lower levels of life satisfaction, β = -0.22 [-0.25, -0.19] and greater likelihood of smoking 2 years later β = 0.17 [0.13, 0.21]. Lower life satisfaction predicted less frequent physical activity 2 years later, β = 0.07 [0.03, 0.10]. Smoking, but not physical activity, predicted poorer lung functioning 2 years later, β = -0.43 [-0.51, -0.35], and poorer lung function predicted increased likelihood of mortality over the following 4 years, β = -0.15 [-0.27, -0.03]. There was a significant total indirect effect of marital status on mortality through these psychological, behavioral, and biomarker variables, β = 0.03 [0.01, 0.05], which fully explained this mortality risk.Conclusions: For separated/divorced adults, differences in life satisfaction predict health behaviors associated with poorer long-term lung function, and these intermediate variables help explain the association between marital dissolution and increased risk of earlier mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Partnership dissolution is a major reason for residential mobility and migration for former partners. Moving is more resource-intensive in a 'super home ownership' housing regime like Hungary and may increase the vulnerability of people with low socioeconomic status. This analysis is the first attempt to study the interrelationship between partnership transitions and housing dynamics in a Central and Eastern European country. OBJECTIVE We analyse how people adjust their housing situation and place of residence to their changing family circumstances after partnership dissolution in Hungary. METHODS We study change in partnership status and housing between 2008 and 2012 using the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey (n = 5,408) with descriptive analysis and logistic regression models. The role of cohabitation and marriage, coresidence with parents, housing tenure, and socioeconomic status receives special attention. RESULTS Former couples move more often after divorce than separation from cohabitation, but divorcees who lived with their parents before union dissolution tend to stay. For men, returning to the parental household is a common solution. Both high and low socioeconomic status may increase the probability of moving after separation or divorce. CONCLUSIONS Home ownership is a motivating factor for moving after divorce in Hungary. Parental household provides an important 'safety net' and in some cases a long-term solution for couples in an inflexible housing market where the system of public housing is missing and private rental is expensive. CONTRIBUTION We emphasise the importance of differentiating between the dissolution of marriages and cohabitations and considering coresidence with parents both as the origin and destination of moves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE This study focuses on couples in Italy who experienced union dissolution between 2005 and 2014 and investigates the existence of gendered routes out of the family home upon separation. METHODS The empirical analyses rely on microdata from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Using logistic regression, I estimate whether the likelihood that women move out of the family home upon separation is associated with contextual characteristics, the gender balance within couples, and the presence of children. RESULTS Women are more likely than men to stay in the family home following separation. They are, however, more likely than men to leave the family home if the male partner owns or rents the accommodation, if he is older than them, and if the couple had no common children. Contextual influences also seem to shape the routes out of the family home, as women separating after 2010 and living in less densely populated areas are more likely than other women to leave the family home. Interestingly, some of these influences have different intensity and significance depending on the presence of children. CONTRIBUTION This is the first study of residential mobility following separation in Italy. The consequences of separation are often gendered; knowing whether gender also defines the housing consequences of separation, and which other dimensions of inequality are associated with moving out of the family home, is crucial to inform policies aimed at mitigating the housing disadvantages experienced by individuals who undergo a separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Research connecting partnership dissolution to housing dynamics usually concentrates on the adverse and gendered effects of separation on housing careers. Much less is known about whether housing circumstances are also influential antecedents of separation. OBJECTIVES This paper examines how three dimensions of housing circumstances are associated with separation: (1) legal arrangements of housing tenure and gendered housing contracts; (2) the lived environment (space) within dwellings; and (3) couples' ability to meet housing payments. METHODS This theoretical framework is tested using event history probit models of separation among a large sample of couples drawn from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). RESULTS The results show that all three dimensions of housing circumstances are associated with separation. Crucially, mortgage or rent arrears strongly increase the risk of partnership dissolution, especially among married couples who otherwise typically have a low propensity to separate. The risk of partnership dissolution is greater for renters than homeowners and greater female control over housing predicts separation, with partnership dissolution more likely when only the woman is written into the dwelling contract as compared to when both partners or only the man hold contractual rights. CONTRIBUTION These results suggest that growing difficulties obtaining secure and affordable housing could have negative consequences for partnership stability. We therefore call for researchers to engage more thoroughly with housing as a potential driver of demographic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND During the last decades, nonmarital cohabitation has diffused throughout the industrialised world, although not uniformly. The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) predicts a convergence of cohabitation patterns towards a final stage in which cohabitation and marriage will be almost indistinguishable. OBJECTIVE This paper contributes to the literature on the convergence of cohabitation patterns across countries by testing whether countries are becoming more similar over time, as suggested by the SDT. METHODS We use sequence analysis and cluster analysis techniques to classify different patterns of cohabitation in France, Italy, Norway, Bulgaria, and the United States. Using data mainly stemming from the Gender and Generations Surveys (GGS), we analyse women's patterns of behaviour during the five years following the start of their first cohabitation, over a time span of three decades (1970s-2000s). RESULTS On the basis of sequencing the events of childbirth, marriage, and separation we are able to identify five different clusters corresponding to different ways of going through the cohabitation experience. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a general decreasing trend of cohabitation as a premarital experience and an increasing trend of cohabitation as an alternative to marriage or as a free union. However, within this homogeneous trend, persistent peculiarities at the country level suggest that the selected countries are not simply at different stages of the same trajectory. CONTRIBUTION The classification that emerges from the data-driven approach combines several features of already existing typologies of cohabitation experience. Analysis of the data highlights country peculiarities in the development of the cohabitation experience, rather than the existence of a common path as predicted by the SDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional Privado is the property of Iprolex SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Psicología is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child explicitly calls for children to be granted the right to participate in legal proceedings that affect them. Despite this legal obligation and an evolving consensus that recognises children as social and competent actors, this rhetoric has struggled to achieve translation into meaningful practice reality, particularly when decisions are being made about contact arrangements for children where there has been a prior history of domestic violence. Drawing on the narratives of children who participated in three separate research projects in Ireland between 2009 and 2015, this paper will consider the manner in which they were involved in the decision-making process and the extent to which their views were ascertained and their voices heard. This paper concludes by raising the key question of how the child’s best interests can be served if the child’s views are not sought, heard or considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal analysis using samples from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics suggests that men’s income and wages decrease after entering into single fatherhood by marital separation. This loss exceeds what can be explained by marital separation alone. Using a difference in difference approach, I estimate that single fatherhood suppresses men’s annual income by more than $8,000 per year, putting these men and their children at increased economic risk. Similar labor market changes are experienced by widower fathers, a subset of exogenous single fathers. The apparent effects show persistence after single fathers remarry, but mostly diminish after children mature and leave the household. These results stand at odds with previous research suggesting that fatherhood increases men’s wages and hours, and that male labor market outcomes are not significantly influenced by housework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article examines the determinants of father–child contact in Germany after divorce and separation, with a special emphasis on the role of legal child support. Background: The contact separated fathers have with their children is a policy‐relevant issue that has been intensively addressed in previous research for the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. For continental Europe, there has been far less research on this topic. This article investigated how fathers' union status at childbirth, custody arrangements, and past and present partnership dynamics affect the level of contact they had with their first‐born child from a prior union. Method: Data were used from Wave 2 (2009–2010) to Wave 8 (2015–2016) of the German Family Panel pairfam ( www.pairfam.de). With a final sample size of 285 fathers, population average logistic models were estimated that examined nonresident fathers' probability of having frequent contact versus having little or no contact with their first‐born children. Results: Whether a nonresident father shared legal custody with the mother was a decisive factor in whether he had regular contact with his minor child, particularly if he was not living with the mother of the child at the time of delivery. There were strong interaction effects between having joint legal custody and the time since the parental separation. Joint legal custody did not have an immediate impact on father–child contact around the time of separation, but as time elapsed, men without joint legal custody were more likely to lose contact with their children than men with joint legal custody. Conclusion: Joint legal custody may provide an institutional arrangement for separated parents to exercise their responsibility for the well‐being of their children and thus be conducive to regular father–child contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the risk of separation over union duration. Previous research reports a rising-falling pattern of divorce risk over marriage duration consistent with psychological notions of ‘honeymoon’ and ‘seven-year itch’. Little is known about the variation of the separation risk over cohabitation duration or over marriage duration when the length of partnership is measured from the beginning of coresidence. We include data on non-marital and marital unions and propose a novel way of treating cohabitation and marriage as episodes of the same union. We use Finnish large-scale register data and control for individuals’ observed and unobserved characteristics. Our results show that in cohabitations, the separation rate is highest at the beginning of union. Entry into marriage is followed by a significant drop in separation levels and a modest rising-falling pattern, which is independent of the length of pre-marital cohabitation. Marriage entails permanence, with a short ‘honeymoon’ effect and a long-term ‘effect’, much of which probably reflects self-selection of committed and satisfied cohabiters to marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthony Trollope’s Orley Farm (1861-2) is peculiarly aware of Charles Dickens, the seemingly unsurpassable celebrity of English letters in the 1850s. This essay examines narrative features of Orley Farm that indicate Dickens was on Trollope’s mind-and then asks why. My first answer is that Trollope was, as he began Orley Farm, newly confident and ready to test himself against the towering presence of Dickens. My second is that Orley Farm covertly responds to the public revelations in 1858 of Dickens’s marriage breakdown and, presently, his affair with a much younger woman. Trollope plots this, implying a coded rebuke to Dickens and sympathy for his abandoned wife. But this element of Orley Farm is also, I conclude, a coded admonishment to himself since he was conscious of his affection for the much younger Kate Field, whom he had recently met. A Dickensian text in form, appearance, mode, and plot, Orley Farm is also an unusual essay for Trollope on marital infidelity that was, I think, prompted partly by his cloudy anxiety about the implications of Kate and, more clearly, by his vexation with what he perceived to be Dickens’s shameful disloyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elizabeth Jennings is a 20th Century woman poetess belonging to the 1950s, associated with Movement Poetry. Her poetry deals with many important ideas related to life, death, love, art, separation, isolation and religion. This paper tries to analyze and focus on Art and Religion as major themes with a selection of poems from her Anthologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce and court go together like a horse and carriage, but that may be changing. Recently, France allowed couples to contract into a divorce without any judicial involvement. This Article examines the implications for American courts recognizing divorces from France and whether the United States will join the non-judicial divorce movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critiques the novel "The Gordian Knot," by Charles William Shirley Brooks and explores its possible link to the marital separation between author Charles Dickens and wife Catherine Dickens in 1858. Topics discussed include the relationship between the novel's protagonists, Philip Arundel and Margaret Spencer, the themes of married life and infidelity addressed in the novel, and the correspondence between Brooks and Charles Dickens.

The article focuses on cases related to social welfare and family law, particularly on the concept of independet living and fairness. It also mentions issues about fair outcome where the parties involved played different roles in their relationship, which have had very different impacts on their ability to support themselves into the future, as well as issues on separation and mamatrimonialsset.

As pornography use continues to increase in the U.S., studies have sought to understand its potential influence on marital relationships. Yet, the primary focus of such studies has been pornography's association with marital quality, not stability. Consequently, we still know relatively little about whether pornography consumption at one time predicts marital disruption later on. Drawing on data from the 2006 and 2012 waves of the nationally representative Portraits of American Life Study (N = 445), this article examined whether married Americans who viewed pornography in 2006, either at all or in greater frequencies, were more likely to experience a marital separation by 2012. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that married Americans who viewed pornography at all in 2006 were more than twice as likely as those who did not view pornography to experience a separation by 2012, even after controlling for 2006 marital happiness and sexual satisfaction as well as relevant sociodemographic correlates. The relationship between pornography use frequency and marital separation, however, was technically curvilinear. The likelihood of marital separation by 2012 increased with 2006 pornography use to a point and then declined at the highest frequencies of pornography use. Ancillary analyses, however, showed that this group of married Americans with high frequencies of 2006 pornography viewing and low likelihood of later marital separation was not statistically distinguishable from either abstainers or moderate viewers in terms of marital separation likelihood. All findings held regardless of gender. Data limitations and implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of Ag micro/nanostructures was studied because of their excellent chemical, electrical, and optical properties. Ag micro/ nanostructures are usually produced via chemical methods, but these methods require the processing of waste liquid and multiple devices. The work proposes a fabrication method using electrochemical migration (ECM), which is a simple and environmentally friendly method because this method requires only metal electrodes, water, and a DC bias without chemical agents. A fabrication method for Ag micro/ nanostructures using ECM with a large separation between the electrodes is demonstrated, and the deposition behaviour of Ag micro/ nanostructures and the factors influencing the deposition are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some couples marry, while others prefer cohabitation? The proposed model does not assume utility differences between these two states but assumes separation frictions in marriage and not in cohabitation. We show that high expectations from the relationship lead to marriage even though the utility is drawn from the same distribution as in cohabitation. Moreover, mutual agreement on marriage may take place when the expected utility in partnership is both a private and a common knowledge, although for different sets of expected utility values. Surprisingly, when the expected utility is relatively low, marriage may take place only in the common knowledge environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Uniform Premarital and Marital Agreements Act (UPMAA) which modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation during the marriage or at separation, marital dissolution, death of one of the spouses. It mentions postmarital amendment to a premarital agreement or an amendment to a prior postmarital agreement is itself a marital contract. It also mentions acceptance of postmarital agreements pre-determining property rights at death and divorce.

Islam stressed on the importance of a valid marriage. If a marriage does not comply its requirement and conditions according to Shariah, it will raise negative implications not only on the status of the marriage, but also it will effect the status of the child. Hence, the marriage must be separated. Generally, the Muslim scholars define faraq as separation or dissolution of marriage through talaq or otherwise. However, according to Islamic law in Malaysia, faraq is not a dissolution of marriage via talaq, but it is an annulment of marriage due to non-fulfillment of terms and conditions which laid down by Shariah. In context of abiding the conditions and terms to marriage, having a wali is one of the conditions in solemnization of a valid marriage. Marriage which is solemnized by a non-qualified wali such as in cases of illegitimate children will cause the marriage to be separated. Data in this article is obtained from the reported cases tried in the Shariah Courts in Negeri Sembilan. Interviews were conducted with those legal practitioners such as syaria lawyers, religious officers, and judges from Shariah Courts in Negeri Sembilan who deal directly with faraq cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]