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Contemporary open societies are characterised by pluralism, indicating differences in values and practices. Religiosity and civic engagement are intertwined in various ways, with processes changing across the Balkans and Southern Europe. Accordingly, in this study, we present the results of a survey that explores different relationships between (a) socio-demographic variables, (b) types of prayer engaged in by people, and (c) civic engagement in Serbia (the Balkans) and Malta (Southern Europe). Questionnaires with the same content were distributed in Malta (in English) and in Serbia (in Serbian). Our analysis reveals both similarities and differences relating to the following two main patterns: (1) all types of prayer correlated significantly with civic engagement behaviour in both countries; and (2) the frequency of prayer types, and the correlations between specific prayer types and civic engagement behaviour, ranked differently in both countries. Our discussion focuses on the implications of these patterns for open societies and intercultural dialogue.

The study examines the realization of the addressee category in Protestant — New Apostolic prayers. The object of analysis is prayer as a genre of religious functional style, and the subject is the addressee category. The aim of the work is to describe the ways of explication of the addressee category in a corpus of 220 public prayers of New Apostolic Christians. The textual material was collected through participant observation and consists of transcribed audio recordings of prayers — non-reproducible texts spontaneously created by both churchgoers and clergy in various communicative situations, both religious and non-religious. The methodology of constructing thematic nomination chains is applied on a categorical-textual basis to describe the addressee category. It has been revealed that the addressee is denoted using personal pronouns ‘we’, possessive pronoun ‘our’, and nouns ‘community’, ‘brothers and sisters’, ‘children’, ‘sinners’. The results of the analysis show that these nominations are included in positively colored contexts, including the nomination ‘sinners’, which is conditioned by the specificity of the doctrine: the praying individuals are focused not on repentance but on gratitude for forgiveness. The listed ways of nominating the addressee and the description of evaluative contexts allow us to conclude about the reflection of ‘we axiological’ in the texts of New Apostolic Christians.

In 2021 and 2022, the national and cross-sector project CAPRIV funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture, made it possible to assess the influence of application techniques associated or not with a hedge or an anti-drift net on spray drift and bystander exposure. The acronym CAPRIV stands for ''Concilier l'application des PPP et la protection des riverains'' (Reconciling the use of PPPs and the protection of residents), within the orchard, viticulture, and field crops sectors. This specific data article focuses on viticulture. In viticulture, over the two years, 10 different spray application techniques were tested. For 3 of them the influence of a hedge on drift mitigation was also evaluated. All the trials were conducted on the “EoleDrift” test bench, with an artificial vegetation and an artificial wind. Spray drift has been measured according to a common protocol harmonised between cropping sectors within the project using three different types of passive drift collectors that were set up downwind of the treated field. Petri dishes collected sedimentary drift, PVC wires collected airborne drift and cotton T-shirts placed on manikins were used to assess potential dermal exposure of bystanders. The plant protection mix was simulated by a dilution of a fluorescent dye in water. The collected mass of dye was measured using a classical technique with dilution and concentration evaluation. Two fluorescent dyes were successively used, Brillant Sulfaflavine and Sulforhodamine B. A total amount of 4770 collectors were analysed individually. The data set provides a drift index for each collector expressed as the quantity of dye recovered per unit area of collector on the quantity of dye applied per unit area on the sprayed field multiplied by 100.

AbstractFloods have become a persistent phenomenon in Kogi State, transforming into a humanitarian tragedy over time. However, the experiences of victims have not only been insufficiently examined but also not approached from the perspective of the Social Ecological System (SES) theory. Relying on the SES theory, this study explored the experiences of flood victims in Kogi State. Data was elicited from 15 participants and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal recurring themes, including the annual occurrence of floods, heightened susceptibility to malaria and water-related illnesses, and devastated livelihoods. The participants also conveyed feelings of government neglect and insufficient support, a sense of pessimistic fatalism, a shift toward self-reliance due to non-dependence on the government, and a reliance on prayer and hope for a better tomorrow. Analyzed through the lens of the SES theory, these identified themes shed light on the multifaceted challenges faced by flood victims in Kogi State and emphasize the need for adaptive flood governance involving comprehensive and participatory approaches to decision-making and management that involve multiple stakeholders locally, regionally and globally in addressing the flood challenge.

Prayer animal release (PAR)—a traditional "compassion‐based" religious practice of releasing captive animals into the wild to improve the karma of the releaser—has been regarded as a major anthropogenic pathway facilitating species invasions worldwide. However, comprehensive, quantitative assessments of PAR‐related invasion risks, crucial for the development of mitigation strategies, are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a literature review of the prevalence of PAR events and examined the overlap between PAR intensity across China and habitat suitability for non‐native vertebrates released in these events. Our results revealed that 63% of the areas with high PAR intensity in China were also suitable for non‐native vertebrate establishment, a degree of overlap that was greater than expected by chance. In addition, field surveys in China detected higher richness of non‐native fishes at PAR sites than at non‐PAR sites. These findings imply an overall high risk of biological invasions associated with PARs. We recommend interdisciplinary cooperation among scientists, religious groups, and government agencies to effectively manage PARs and reduce the associated bioinvasion risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The five daily prayers are an obligation of worship for Muslims in the world. Prayers have a predetermined time schedule according to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and have different schedules according to each region. As Muslims, it is obligatory to pray five times a day. However, there are a lot of start-up company which forgot about the employee need such as praying. One of them is called byPulsa Start-up company which wants anticipates delays in praying. Because of this reason, the Ceo at byPulsa need an application to remind the employee about praying. So, this company wants to improve the additional feature into its application and develop its application more less interaction and efficient. So, this research aims to develop the previous application into an application that can remind employees to pray. In this research, Kiss Principle Method and User Centered Design were used to this application to make it more efficient and usable for user. The results show that the user feels more satisfied with the application because it has prayer schedule feature based on user's position. The CSAT score from evaluation has score 80% which higher than previous application. This application can help and guide users in exploring their religion by following online studies and using features such as prayer beads, Islamic book recommendations, even Islamic podcasts. As well as the Kiss principle method used here, it functions to make it easier for users to interact with the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses face a range of unhealthy organizational, physical, psychological, and spiritual issues that can lead to burnout, turnover, and leaving the profession. Nurses who use prayer for support may find their faith to be another source of tension when stressors endlessly continue without change despite prayer. Walter Brueggemann's states of orientation, disorientation , and reorientation in his classic work on praying the Old Testament book of Psalms offer a means for managing spiritual tension. Praying using the psalms can become a self-care tool for building resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Analysis of the consumption rate when spraying sunflower with a self-propelled sprayer Horsch Leeb 5.300 VN has been made. By using data from the Horsch Telematics system, data have been downloaded from which the actual operating speed of the self-propelled sprayer during spraying has been determined. The consumption rate per hectare of 200 l/ha has been studied and the factors that cause the fluctuation in the set consumption rate for spraying have been determined. The set spray pressure value has been found to vary from 1.53 to 4.57 bar. Analysis of the sprinkling height of the working solution onto the plants has been presented, which is quite small - 40 cm on average. This is quite possible because there is a 4-2 distribution of sprinklers, i.e. 4 /four/ sprinklers at a distance of 50 cm from each other and 2 /two/ intermediate sprinklers at a distance of 25 cm. This allows the boom wings to drop as low as possible to the plant during spraying. Analysis of the performance indicators of the self-propelled sprayer has been made. It can be seen that upon entering the field, the sprayer had been spraying at an operating speed of 11.57 km/h and the set pressure had been 4.76 bar, and at the time of visualization, it was lower - 4.43 bar. When spraying inside the field, the sprayer sprayed at 20-25 km/h, fully complying with the spraying consumption rate with 99% accuracy. We also have perfect consumption rate compliance and automatic pressure and sprinkler regulation.

The large water demand, insufficient deposition on the back of the leaf and the uneven distribution of droplets are the problems of traditional agricultural ground plant protection machinery, which leads to low agricultural control efficiency. Combined with the advantages of electrostatic spray technology and the characteristics of high working efficiency and low probability of droplets drift of ground sprayer, an inductive electrostatic boom spray system based on embedded electrode structure is designed and mounted on a large self-propelled boom sprayer for field testing. Based on the working characteristics of the fan nozzle and the analysis of the theory of charge, the inductive electrostatic spray device is designed. The performance of the device is tested and the rationality of the system design is verified by COMSOL numerical simulations, charge-to-mass ratio, and particle size distribution measurements. The spray deposition scanning software and the Box-Behnken experimental design method are used to analyze the spray droplet deposition rate and coverage density of the sprayer on the front and back of the target leaves. The results show that the embedded closed electrode structure designed in this paper can avoid the problem of electrode wetting, and the electric field generated by it is mainly concentrated in the spray liquid film area, and the intensity reaches 6~7 V/m. At the conventional application height (500 mm), the maximum charge-to-mass ratio is 2.91 mC/kg, and the average particle size is 168.22 μm, which is 12.87% lower than that of ordinary spray, when the spray pressure is 0.3 MPa and the electrostatic voltage is 12 kV. The results of field experiments show that the optimum combination of the working parameters with the spray speed is 8.40 m/s, the spray pressure is 0.35 MPa, the charging voltage is 11.50 kV, the amount of droplet deposition in the lower dorsal area of the blade is 1.44 µL·cm-2. This study can provide a certain basis for the application of electrostatic spray technology in ground sprayers.

In 2021 and 2022, the national and cross-sector project CAPRIV funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture, made it possible to assess the influence of application techniques associated or not with a hedge or an anti-drift net on spray drift and bystander exposure. The acronym CAPRIV stands for “Concilier l'application des PPP et la protection des riverains” (Reconciling the use of PPPs and the protection of residents), within the orchard, viticulture, and field crops sectors. This specific data article focuses on field crops, especially on wheat. Over the two years, one boom sprayer equipped with flat fan and air induction nozzles was used on wheat fields adjacent to a hedgerow (2022) or not (2021). Spray drift has been measured according to a common protocol harmonised between cropping sectors within the project. Three different types of passive drift collectors were set up downwind of the treated field: Petri dishes for sedimentary drift, PVC wires placed between two masts for airborne drift and cotton T-shirts placed on manikins to assess potential dermal exposure of bystanders. The sprayed mix contained a fluorescent dye diluted in water. The mass of dye was measured using a classical technique with dilution and concentration evaluation. Two fluorescent dyes were successively used, Brillant Sulfaflavine and Sulforhodamine B. A total amount of 3792 collectors were analyzed individually. The data set provides a drift index for each collector expressed as the quantity of dye recovered per unit area of collector on the quantity of dye applied per unit area on the sprayed field multiplied by 100.

Prayer holds a profound significance in a believer’s life, with Lord Jesus teaching specific teachings to his disciples on the subject. It serves as a communication tool bridging the connection between God and humanity, constituting a dialogue rather than solely a platform for pleas or requests. This research delved into the specific text of prayer, focusing on Matthew 6:9–13, commonly known as ‘The Lord’s Prayer’. While many Christians interpret it as a ‘prayer of supplication’, the study questioned whether it truly falls into that category and explored potential contradictions. Utilising a qualitative approach with a pure exegesis study, the author employed hermeneutics based on John D. Grassmick’s steps of exegesis analysis. The examination was centred on the Byzantine Greek Bible text in the Gospel of Matthew 6:14–15. The aim was to grasp the essence of the message within the studied texts, emphasising Lord Jesus’ teachings. Results highlighted the significance of understanding the Lord’s Prayer as taught by Jesus in Matthew 6:9–13. The author emphasised the importance for Christians in Indonesia to comprehend the meaning of this prayer. Contribution: This reconstruction of Matthew’s understanding of the Lord’s Prayer using the Byzantine text anticipated contributions to HTS Theological Studies. The Our Father’s Prayer, a blessing to churches and Christians for over 2000 years, was explored for its proper grammatical translation and the profound contents taught by Jesus. This study aimed to assist Christians in understanding and applying the prayer in their lives, aligning with the true faith and fostering spiritual growth as intended by Lord Jesus.

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sprayer has the advantages of high work efficiency, simple operation, and high safety factor, and has broad application prospects UAV sprayer are widely used in the agricultural field, and the application of UAV sprayer spraying technology in agriculture has provided convenience and increased profits for farmers, and has also become a research hotspot in the field of agriculture. In recent years, although research has been conducted on the feasibility and application effects of UAV sprayer spraying crown shaped plants, there have been no experiments or studies in the field of garden plants. This experiment conducted a droplet deposition experiment of UAV sprayer spraying garden plants, exploring the droplet deposition effect of UAV sprayer in the field of garden plants, and conducting experiments on the influence of spray volume and nozzle type on droplet deposition. The experimental results showed that the canopy performance of small and medium-sized garden plants was better at a flight altitude of 1.5m, a spray volume of 180L/hm2, and a flight speed of 2m/s. Reducing flight altitude, increasing spray volume, and reducing flight speed can improve the distribution of droplets in the canopy. This experiment lays the foundation for the application of UAV sprayer for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in garden plants, as well as for the application of growth regulators, and provides a basis for further innovative research in the field of garden plant application technology.

Psychiatry is concerned with mental health. Cognition is one of the key mental functions and manifests itself primarily as behavior. A behavior exhibited in response to a stimulus is influenced by biological (inherited), psychological (individual), and social (environmental) factors. During consolidation of an exhibited behavior, the factors affecting the individual’s cognitive structure and personality play crucial roles. Underlying factors for a problematic behavior, and their weakness/strength levels are determined via the Biopsychosocial model. Empirically effective current practices to intervene the problematic behaviors do not always result in success. One of the reasons may be other elements that were omitted during the case formulation process. This article aims to stress the idea that whatever the underlying factor of a problematic behavior is, the most crucial determinant and/or pre-emptive factor in developing or maintaining that behavior might actually be the religion as a governing and directive philosophy on how to conduct oneself. In this instance, the key is in the hands of the parents or caregivers.

Various health risk assessment models have been developed to evaluate occupational pesticide exposure in China. However, there has been limited investigation into the relationship between health risks and pesticide spraying in orchards. In this study, we analyzed pesticide exposure of applicators while spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer in orchards located in four different climatic regions. All garments’ unit exposure (UE) demonstrated a right-skewed distribution, with gloves and shins accounting for the highest proportion of dermal pesticide exposure. We observed little difference in dermal and inhalation UE levels between apple and citrus orchards, except for pesticide exposure levels on wipes and faces. While 57% of the inhalation UE distribution variance was attributed to clustering and location effects, no significant differences were observed in dermal exposure levels. We evaluated the impact of different levels of protective clothing on pesticide exposure levels, according to applicators' working habits in China. Our findings revealed that improved levels of protection significantly reduced dermal exposure to pesticides, particularly when wearing gloves during spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer. Based on our empirical data, we utilized a simple random sampling model and an intercept-only lognormal mixed model to estimate dermal and inhalation exposure levels. The estimated dermal UE was accurate to within 3-fold with 95% confidence, and half of the estimated inhalation UE was acceptable according to the fold relative accuracy (fRA). Our established and verified statistics for dermal and inhalation UE can be utilized to evaluate the potential pesticide exposure to applicators during spraying in orchards with a stretcher-mounted sprayer.

In my experience of caring for a lesbian couple suffering a miscarriage, I disengaged my bias about their sexual orientation and compassionately cared for their needs. After praying with the couple, I felt a deep connection with them and a palpable peace. Joy shone on their faces and they verbally expressed gratitude. God used me as a caring presence. Christian nurses are vessels for God's love to bring peace and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the early time prayer is very fundamental for Muslims as it directly relates to the legal requirements of prayer. Prayers are not performed whenever we want, but rather there is a determination of the beginning and end of the prayer time as a guideline for Muslims to carry it out. The Indonesia government sets standards for Muslims to perform the dawn prayer service, by precisely determining the degree of the emergence of the dawn of Sadiq by -200. This study aims to compare the determination of the government's dawn time using different sensors, specifically drone cameras as image sensors. Drones were chosen due to their several advantages. The data generated by the drone is in the form of photos, which are subsequently processed using digital image processing software, called image-J. The data obtained are in the form of mean and standard deviation. All data collected in 1 day is recorded using Excel to form a graph of data which is then carried out by a polynomial approach to find out the cutoff point as the beginning of the dawn of Sadiq which indicates the start of dawn. The method used in this research is using the 4th order polynomial approach and the Sarrus method and the data obtained is the mean value and standard deviation. The conclusions obtained in the image analysis research are that the government's dawn time is 15 minutes too fast, the standard obtained in this study is -14.98° and unlike 2D SQM data, 3D drone data results in more accurate data analysis.

The tradition of reciting Al-Fatihah as a form of healing has become an integral part of culture and religious practice in various Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This article aims to explain and analyze this phenomenon by focusing on the al Banat Gondang Islamic boarding school as a center for Islamic religious learning and religious practices. As society's interest in alternative medicine and spirituality increases, these practices are gaining further attention. This article is based on field research and interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, Islamic boarding school students, and individuals involved in these practices. The tradition of reading Al-Fatihah as a form of treatment at the al Banat Gondang Islamic boarding school developed as a result of the interpretation of the Islamic religion and local cultural heritage. This practice often includes certain rituals, such as reciting verses from the qur’an and special prayers, which are believed to have healing effects. In many cases, reciting Al-Fatihah is used as an effort to overcome physical and mental health problems, and also as a means to improve spirituality.

The term “God of the philosophers” refers to the concept of God as understood and discussed in philosophical discourse. It is a philosophical concept of God that is often considered distinct from the concept of God found in religious traditions. Throughout history, various philosophers and theologians have used the term to refer to God whose existence and attributes have been the subject of philosophical reasoning and reflection. In this study, I explore Ibn Sīnā’s way of reconciling two concepts of God. I argue that Ibn Sînâ, a philosopher with an Aristotelian and Neoplatonic heritage, sees no contradiction between the God of the philosophers and the God of the scriptures. Ibn Sina’s way is interesting because it is an attempt to bridge the gap between two concepts of God without compromising the classical theistic understanding of divine attributes. First, I will briefly present the Aristotelian and Neoplatonic contexts of Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy to show his way of reconciliation. Second, I will give an account of Ibn Sīnā’s concept of God as it is revealed in his understanding of the divine attribute of immutability. Finally, I will examine his views in which he most explicitly offers the concept of a God who is responsive, who is present, and who is engaged with human beings. His ideas about God’s agency, petitionary prayer, and divine providence provide ample evidence that the God of Ibn Sīnā is the God of the religious traditions known to and worshipped by human beings.

Objectives The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condi-tion? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer? A key problem was to investigate whether prayer can affect the durability of marriages? Material and methods The author, deciding to conduct research in the interdisciplinary field, had to use the legal-dogmatic method, but also the survey and interview methods, which are required by the methodology of the social sciences. At the same time, doctrinal and linguistic interpretations were used in the study of legal and historical sources. Results The aim was to determine the current structure of believers, atheists and followers of other religions in Poland, while investigating the impact of this structure on the durability of marriages. The genesis of adopted objective was the research hypothesis stating that prayer has an impact on the durability of marriages. The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and does it correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condition? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer? Conclusions Based on the information provided, the article investigates the relationship between changes in reli-giousness, particularly the lack and abandonment of prayer, and the increasing number of marriages falling apart in Poland. The author suggests that prayer can have a positive impact on the durability of marriages and highlights the spiritual benefits of prayer, including a deeper spiritual connection, self-reflection, increased mental clarity, humility, inner peace, and reduced stress.

With the explosion of urbanization, more and more small residential areas with high population density, tiny houses, and narrow roads are formed. As a result, it is challenging for large fire engines to penetrate these areas in the event of a fire incident. In this paper, a compact firefighting vehicle was designed based on the SNAPPER LT140H331KV lawn mower. The vehicle is equipped with a water sprayer system and a folding frame water tank. The water sprayer system transmits power from the lawn mower transmission’s power take-off shaft via the belt and chain drive, which can spray water at a height of about 13 m with a flow rate of 38 L/min. The 500-liter folding frame water tank has a rectangular shape that can be folded and dragged as a trailer. The water sprayer system and folding frame water tank not only have a simple, compact structure but also do not affect the lawn mowing function. This fire truck has a maximum speed of about 15 km/h and can move in a minimal road width of only 1.3 m, which is accommodation for residential areas within a 1÷2 km radius with narrow roads, high density of population and houses in least developed and developing countries (e.g., Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), where the normal fire engines are difficult to access in time. Besides, the vehicle can be used for watering and spraying pesticides on gardens and small premises. The study has proposed a valuable solution to take advantage of vehicle functions to improve their convenience and usefulness.

The article is aimed to consider the genre of prayer presented in the diaries of Leo Tolstoy. An analysis of the entries reveals that over the course of his life Tolstoy recorded several dozen prayers he made up. The article examines recorded appeals to God in syntactic, semantic and pragmatic terms. The research uses methods of description, conceptual and pragmatic analysis. The study reveals that Tolstoy violates the accepted canons, modelling an individual appeal to God. Tolstoy’s discourse is dominated by short prayers, which is a consequence of the addressee’s pragmatic intentions: to be concise, humble, not to ask for anything. The article establishes that the key axiological dominant for Tolstoy is love, with which he identifies God. In his appeals to God, Tolstoy asks for firm faith, hope, and a calm conscience. A large group of Tolstoy’s prayers has a situationally oriented nature. The imperatives of behavior are formulated in the prayers. The article concludes that prayer in Tolstoy’s discourse becomes a means of an individual programme of self-improvement. Tolstoy’s prayer is chamberlike, regular in nature. The addressee of the appeal is God, and often not personified, but as emptiness, something, a moral principle. He defines the role of the addressee through the nominations of an obedient son, servant, worker, messenger of the Almighty, who must humbly accept everything that God wants. The article identifies that Tolstoy’s prayers are heterogeneous in their intensions: a request, a thanksgiving, a statement. According to its axiological content and intentional vector, Tolstoy’s prayer fully corresponds to the Christian ideology, expressed in humility and love.

Abstract Background Sahaja Yoga Meditation draws on many religious traditions and uses a variety of techniques including Christian prayer to reach a state known as thoughtless awareness, or mental silence. While there are many studies on the neural correlates of meditation, few studies have focused on the neural correlates of praying. Thus, the aim of our research was to study the neural activity associated with the prayer practices in Sahaja Yoga Mediation, which have not been studied before, to explore effects beyond repetitive speech or “mantra effects”. Sixteen experienced Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners were scanned using task based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging while performing formalised and improvised forms of praying and their equivalent secular tasks. Results Our results showed the deactivation of bilateral thalamus during both prayers compared to secular conditions and the activation in the medial prefrontal cortex that was reduced by religious and formalised secular speech conditions but increased during improvised secular speech; similarly, frontal regions were deactivated when comparing prayers to their secular equivalents. Discussion These results seem to depict two important factors related with praying in Sahaja Yoga Meditation merging inner concentration and social cognition. First, the perception of the surroundings mediated by the thalamus may be decreased during these prayers probably due to the establishment of inner concentration and, second, frontal deactivation effects could be related to reduced social judgement and ‘mentalizing’, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings suggest that praying by Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners is neurophenomenologically different from the social cognitive attempt of praying within Christian praying practices.

The aim of this study was to find an answer to the question of how prayer develops in children, adolescents and young adults and which psycho-pedagogical factors are conducive to its development. Czesław Walesa’s cognitive developmental psychological theory of the integral development of religiosity and Marcelina Darowska’s concept of religious education served as the theoretical basis of the proposed analyses. The authors showed changes in the development of prayer and expanded upon them in terms of pedagogical and religious aspects. It is proposed that pedagogical interventions aimed at the development of prayer should focus on supporting independence and responsibility in children, adolescents and young adults. In educational work, one should be aware of the close relationship between the psycho-social conditions of human functioning and the development of prayer.

Different agronomic requirements, production conditions, and crop species result in varying row spacings. To address the issue of seedling damage caused by pressure when a fixed track width sprayer operates in different row spacings and enhance the accuracy of track width adjustment, this study designed a track width adjustment system for a sprayer based on the agronomic requirements for field management during the early and mid-stages of corn growth and the entire growth period of wheat in Henan Province, China. The designed track width adjustment system for the sprayer comprised transmission mechanisms, telescopic track width adjustment mechanisms, and an electro-hydraulic control system. The control system achieved a precise track width adjustment by controlling the movement of the hydraulic cylinders through electrical signals, forming a closed-loop adjustment system with the aid of sensors. Four control schemes are proposed: classical PID, integral separated PID, fuzzy adaptive PID, and integral separated fuzzy PID. Simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB to compare these schemes. The results indicated that the integral separated fuzzy PID exhibited the fastest response and highest steady-state accuracy. The performance of the track width adjustment system was validated through field experiments. The results demonstrate that the stability coefficient of variation for the track width adjustment was 3.04%, which is below the 10% threshold required by agricultural machinery standards. Additionally, the average error of the track width adjustment was 13.42 mm, indicating high precision and effectively reducing seedling compression damage during plant protection operations.

Background This paper focuses upon prayer for sickness. What do individuals suffering from illness, their families and the wider community pray for? How do they deal with unanswered prayer? Do they pray for cure, to guide medical professionals or to cope with their sickness? What rationalisations do they proffer for unanswered prayer? Methods Based on a critical literature review and deploying secondary data from the Twenty First Century Evangelical research programme, the data suggest that prayers for guiding medical professionals and coping are more common than for cure, at least in Global North countries such as the UK and US. But why do those who believe in miracles not ask God for divine healing? Furthermore, unanswered prayer can conflict with Christian views of God as omnipotent and all loving. Results Respondents use a number of theodical rationalisations to resolve this conflict. Conclusions The results are discussed in relation to cognitive dissonance theory, learned helplessness, the need to conserve a relationship with the Divine, and desire to manage risk of disappointment and reduce consequent emotional pain.

Les approches thérapeutiques de transmission d'intention de guérison (ou de soins) à distance, comme par exemple la prière ou certaines formes de méditation sont étudiées depuis près de quarante ans dans la littérature anglo-saxonne et ont donné lieu à de nombreuses recherches contrôlées et de méta-analyses. Les résultats de ces études font état d'un grand nombre de travaux probants montrant l'efficacité de ces thérapies en soulignant les aspects non-locaux de ces approches, qui heurtent et posent problème à la vision mécaniste et classique de la science. Dans le monde anglo-saxon, et surtout aux États-Unis, les patients utilisent très fortement ces approches, surtout dans des situations de grande souffrance. En raison de cet engouement pour ces techniques de guérison ancienne, l'objet de cet article est de faire le point sur cette question en identifiant et en faisant connaître, d'une part, les recherches clés dans ce domaine en mettant en exergue les travaux des chercheurs américains. D'autres part, il s'agit de développer les différents biais de méthodes qui sont très nombreux et qui invitent à relativiser cette efficacité qui, sans la remettre en question doit permettre de mieux étudier cet objet de recherche légitime, pour permettre enfin dans une dernière partie de dégager un cadre conceptuel embryonnaire à la lumière des recherches en physique et en psychologie et des pistes explicatives. The therapeutic approaches for transmitting the intention of healing (or care) at a distance such as prayer or certain forms of meditation have been studied for nearly forty years in the Anglo-Saxon literature, giving rise to numerous controlled researches and meta-analyzes. The results of these studies point to a large number of convincing works showing the effectiveness of these therapies by highlighting the non-local aspects of these approaches, which clash and pose a problem for the mechanistic and classical view of science. In the Anglo-Saxon world, and especially in the United States, patients use these approaches very strongly, especially in situations of great suffering. Because of this enthusiasm for these ancient healing techniques, the object of this article is to take stock of this question by identifying and making known on the one hand the key research in this field by highlighting the work of Americans researchers and on the other hand by developing the various method biases which are very numerous and which invite to relativize this effectiveness which, without calling it into question, should allow better study of this legitimate research subject, to finally allow to identify an embryonic conceptual framework in the light of research in physics and psychology and explanatory tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurse-provided spiritual care includes support of patient spiritual practices such as prayer. However, limited evidence exists about how nurses respond when a patient requests prayer. A subsample of nurses (n = 381) from a larger study responded to two open-ended questions in an online survey in response to a prayer scenario. Among these mostly Christian nurses, 97% indicated willingness to pray. Content analysis revealed a five-component structure for praying: Open, Set the Stage, Request, Wrap-up, Close. The structure provides a template for future research and nurse prayer in clinical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]