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Copyright of History in Africa: A Journal of Method is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mikhail Borodin, a Bolshevik Party member, became one of Moscow's most influential foreign operatives in China in the early 1920s. The access to many previously inaccessible Russian and Chinese archival sources after the collapse of the former Soviet Union made it possible for scholars to conduct a new study on Borodin's Mission to China. Perhaps the most extraordinary finding to emerge from the new sources is that it was not the Comintern, but the Soviet Politburo, acting on Stalin's recommendation, sent Borodin to China. His assignments there went far beyond "making revolution." While in China, he was involved in almost every important aspect of Soviet operations, including secret diplomacy, dealing with all factions: the Nationalists, the Communists, and the various warlords, as well as the warlord-controlled Beijing government. Without a proper understanding of Borodin's Mission to China, it would be next to impossible to comprehend Moscow's policies toward China in the 1920s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study. On the basis of the analysis of little-known archival sources and published materials to trace the existence of the links between the Monastery Vatopedi and the Ukrainian Cossacks in the 18th century. The methodological basis of the study is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, systematic, dialectical approach to historical phenomena. According to the set aim and tasks, the sum of general scientific, interdisciplinary and special methods of research was used. Scientific novelty. A previously unknown source from the 18th century from the Monastery Vatopedi on Athos ("The Book of Alms-Gathering", 1761--1764) was put into scientific circulation. It is an important document on the history of the Ukrainian Athos relations in the 18th century. In this manuscript Vatopedian monks recorded all donations received from the Cossacks and clergy during their travels in the Ukrainian lands of Slobozhanshchyna and Hetmanshchyna in the 1761--1764, allowing us to trace the geography of Athonite travels in the Ukrainian territories, their contacts and donations received. The analysis of archival and published materials helped to find little-known aspects of Ukrainian Cossacks' ktitorial support of Athonite monasteries and, in particular, travels of Vatopedean monks through Ukrainian lands of Slobozhanshchyna and Hetmansh chyna in 1761--1764, "ktitorial patronage" of Vatopedean monastery by Zaporizhzhia Sich and support in developing of the Holy Theological school Athoniada within this monastery. It was noted that an analysis of the sources shows that benefactors, donators and sponsors of Athos monasteries at this time were oft en representatives of the noble Ukrainian Cossack petty officers, who viewed their participation in the support of Athos monasteries as a necessary attribute of their elite status in Ukrainian society in the 18th century. The analysis of the sources shows that the Patriarchal Stavropigial Monastery of Vatopedi on Athos had close contacts in the Ukrainian lands throughout its centuries-long history. These relations were especially active in the 18th century, when the Ukrainian Cossacks joined the ktetor support of this one of the most respected monasteries on Mount Athos. This, in turn, helped both to strengthen contacts with the centre of Orthodox monasticism on Athos and increase its popularity among the Ukrainian monastic community and the Cossacks, ensuring mutual spiritual and cultural exchange and influence on each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the United States securities market's creation and promulgation of the Investment Advisers Act in 1940, financial analysts transitioned from a highly unregulated practice to one of the most heavily regulated professions. Relying on multiple formal archival sources, this article explores the antecedents behind this bolstering event. Applying a chronological historical analysis, findings suggest that three factors forced regulators to intervene: the unethical abuses uncovered by a committee with highly specialised skills, the inability of financial analysts to adhere to ethical practices and professional segregation combined with absent collective institutional values. These findings illustrate the regulatory consequences in collective sanctioning cases (rather than criminal or economic penalties imposed on specific individuals). A socio-economic historical triangulation enriches the quality of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ECB's secondary mandate requires it to support broader economic policies by and in the EU. How should the ECB deal with its many, potentially conflicting, objectives? To answer that question, this article combines normative and legal analysis with new archival sources, as well as analysis of ECB speeches and documents. A more important role for its secondary mandate fits well with the new, more political role of the ECB. However, the requirements that the legal text imposes on the ECB are paradoxical. While strictly binding, the secondary mandate is also highly indeterminate, and the ECB lacks the democratic legitimacy and legal competence to develop its own policies for pursuing the secondary objectives. To resolve this paradoxical situation, we propose that the specification of the ECB's secondary objectives should take place via high‐level coordination with the political institutions of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From 1924 until 1940, two chancery servants at the British Embassy in Rome, passed confidential documents to Italian and Soviet intelligence, and gave Rome and Moscow the ability to read British coded material for a long time. Based on a critical analysis of unpublished archival sources, this article seeks to reconstruct their spying activities and understand their place in the history of intelligence, and to provide an assessment of the prevailing Foreign Office security arrangements. It concludes that poor employment practices and security arrangements at the British Embassy in Rome allowed them to pull off a major espionage coup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the period between the two world wars, a significant number of Hungarians settled down in France for various reasons. After France entered the war in September 1939, many of the members of the Hungarian diaspora living in France joined the French army. These candidates who did not have French nationality were assigned to the French Foreign Legion by the French military command. These new recruits were trained in the south of France, after which they were deployed against the German army, which was on the offensive in May and June 1940. Many were killed in the fierce fighting, and afterwards many Hungarians were taken prisoner of war by the Germans. The present study attempts, based on the available French and Hungarian archival sources, to present the members of this particular group, as well as a sketch of the history of the units in which these soldiers served during the Battle of France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nándor Hidegkuti, a former outstanding footballer and coach, is a personality who connects the Arab world and Hungary in the field of sports. This is particularly true in the case of Egypt, as he worked for seven years as a specialist manager in the North African country. After presenting the history of Hungarian-Egyptian sports and football relations, in the present study, I undertake to present the coaching career of Nándor Hidegkuti and, in particular, its period in Egypt, based on contemporary (primarily) press and archival sources. He coached the country's largest and most prestigious club, Al-Ahly, from 1973 to 1980. This period was one of the most successful periods in the history of the club. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study undertakes to briefly present the impact of the appearance of Carlos 'the Jackal' in Hungary, and the cooperation of the Hungarian and East German state security services in the field of counter-terrorism. The study presents in detail the history, the system of tasks and the organizational changes of the unit dealing with international affairs of the Hungarian State Security Service. Methodology: The study used materials available from the Historical Archives of the State Security Services (ÁBTL) and the Federal Archives of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic (Die Bundesbeauftrage für die Unterlagen des Staatsicherheitsdienstes die ehemaligen Deutchen Demokratischen Republik, BStU), item Hungarian and foreign literature is also relevant in this case. Findings: The study presents in detail the establishment, the system of tasks and the organizational changes of the International Relations Department responsible for the matter. Based on the available and processed archival sources and literature, we can conclude that in counter-terrorism cases, such as in the case of the C-79 file 1 as well, intensive international co-operation took place, especially between the Hungarian and East German state security services. Value: In the recent period, there was no study that showed the cooperation of the Hungarian and East German secret services in connection with the Carlos case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the annual surveys of the British box office compiled by chief film reviewer R. H. ('Josh') Billings for the trade paper Kinematograph Weekly between 1936 and 1962. Billings's surveys, known as the 'Book of Form', came to be accepted as an authoritative guide to the performance of films at the British box office despite the absence of any actual revenue figures. The article considers how the 'Book of Form' was compiled and compares it to various archival sources that provide hard evidence of film revenues in Britain. It concludes that, despite some anomalies, the 'Billings verdict' provides a broadly accurate overall summary of the 'winners' at the British box office over a period of a quarter of a century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, surveys produced with geomatic techniques are increasingly used for the study and conservation of the built heritage because they automatically collect large amounts of data with an accuracy and objectivity that could not be achieved with traditional techniques. As in other fields of digital and spatial humanities, the combination of spatial data with archival and secondary sources provides new tools for reconstructing the history, construction, and transformation of a historic architecture.The new digital survey of Pitti Palace, which was carried out between 2019 and 2021, has revealed aspects neglected by previous surveys and historical studies. Pitti Palace is the largest historical civil building in Florence. In the 16th century, Bartolomeo Ammannati carried out important extensions, including the so-called "spiral staircase", one of the most important staircases in the palace. This staircase, of which there is little documentation, although it is considered a masterpiece, was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century by Pasquale Poccianti to make way for the "New Secondary Staircase", on which previous studies have focused mainly on stylistic and decorative aspects.Using digital spatial data as a primary source, the research aimed to explain the construction history of the new staircase built by Poccianti, allowing a precise comparison between the archive documents and the actual geometry of the building elements.It also highlights previously undocumented features, including the evidence for the Ammannati staircase and the important changes made during the construction of the new staircase. The article shows how the insertion of the new staircase profoundly altered the design, structure and layout of a wing of the Pitti Palace. It also suggests how a more transdisciplinary and holistic approach helps the study of historical architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovering additional historical weather observations from known archival sources will improve the understanding of how the climate is changing and enable detailed examination of unusual events within the historical record. The UK National Meteorological Archive recently scanned more than 66,000 paper sheets containing 5.28 million hand‐written monthly rainfall observations taken across the UK and Ireland between 1677 and 1960. Only a small fraction of these observations were previously digitally available for climate scientists to analyse. More than 16,000 volunteer citizen scientists completed the transcription of these sheets of observations during early 2020 using the RainfallRescue.org website, built using the Zooniverse platform. A total of 3.34 million observations from more than 6000 locations have so far been quality controlled and made openly available. This has increased the total number of monthly rainfall observations that are available for this time period and region by a factor of six. The newly rescued observations will enable longer and much improved reconstructions of past variations in rainfall across the British and Irish Isles, including for periods of significant flooding and drought. Specifically, this data should allow the official gridded monthly rainfall reconstructions for the UK to be extended back to 1836, and even earlier for some regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of equality proclaimed by the Edict of Gulhane (tur. Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerîf) in 1839 resulted in many changes in the socio-political sphere of the Ottoman society, but also with several legal acts regarding education issued by the Ottoman authorities. The Constitution of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 proclaimed equality between all citizens of the state regardless of ethnicity and religion. Even though, relations between the Albanian and Serbian populations in the Kosovo Vilayet were tense in all aspects of socio-political spheres. The representatives of Albanians, as a majority in the vilayet, defended the status of Islam as a dominant religion and Christianity as a religion of slaves (rayah). As the Ottoman authorities issued many legal acts regarding formal basic education in Islamic primary schools (mekteb) during the second half of the 19th century, tensions and misunderstandings between the Serbian and Albanian populations increased. This paper analyzes relations between Serbs and Albanians in the Vilayet of Kosovo in 1878-1912 in the area of implementation of the right to primary education for both communities as this issue has not been researched in detail until now. Our research is based on interdisciplinary approach to the subject and the use of primary archival sources of the Ottoman and Serbian provenance, as well as the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even before the Qianlong ban of 1740 (fengjin zhengce 封禁政策) , which officially and thoroughly prohibited Han civilians' migration to Manchuria, the Qing rulers' attitude toward the phenomenon was, most of the time, a negative one. Generally speaking, the court meant to preserve the territory to the imperial family themselves and the Manchu people. More specifically, as the policies addressing southern Manchuria (present day Liaoning province) changed over time, as the rulers' wish to keep the place to their own people clashed with concerns about repopulation and land reclamation – for which Chinese settlers could be a resource, spontaneous settling in the northern part of the region (bianwai 邊外 , "beyond the (Willow) Palisade") was always formally forbidden. Such a difference was clearly reflected by the local administrative structures. The Chinese-fashioned system, zhouxianzhi 州縣制 , was present in southern Manchuria since 1653, whereas it was established in Jilin only in Yongzheng era. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong controlled or opposed the growth of the Chinese civil population in Manchuria. As a consequence, they kept unaltered or weakened the Chinese branch of the local government while making efforts to develop the local Eight Banners' structures. Yongzheng' policies were headed toward a different direction. Not only did the sovereign enlarge the civil administration in Liaoning; even more significantly, he ordered the foundation of three civil administrative centres in northern Manchuria – Yongji 永吉 , Changning 長寧 and Taining 泰寧 , which were in charge of the increasing civil population. Neither in China nor in western studies such policies have been attached the importance they are worth of. In addition, Qing sources such as Veritable Records, Gazetteers and the Collected Statutes provide very scarce information on such maneuver. By resorting to archival sources, both in Chinese and in Manchu, this work aims at researching into the rationales and the decision making process which lead to a brief but important interruption of the main trend of Qing rule of their motherland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article recounts the story of an outstanding and yet little-known eighteenth-century character, the collector of sacred art Alessandro Matterozzi (1713–1783). He displayed in his family palace in Urbania (Marche, Italy), among paintings and antiquities, a select collection of Early Christian gold-glass, a form of decorative glass made of two layers of glass with a design in gold leaf fused between them. The seventeen pieces acquired from his collection by the British Museum consist of the bases of glass vessels found mainly in Early Christian catacombs. The drawings filed in Gaetano Marini's sylloge entitled 'Inscriptiones christianae' (1765–1801), now in the Vatican Library, together with other newly studied written sources, document how Matterozzi assembled one of the largest gold-glass collections of his time, which was later added to the collections of the British Museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the geopolitical and military circumstances of the emergence of Serbian war plans created in the event of a Serbian-Bulgarian military conflict, based on unpublished archival sources kept in the Military Archives and relevant historiographical and memoir literature. The evolutionary stages of the Serbian war plan and their dependence on international circumstances in the Balkans, the interest of the great powers in inter-Balkan problems and the current conjuncture of Serbian-Bulgarian relations are indicated. The beginnings of professional military planning in Serbia, mobilization and concentration plans, as well as initial operational plans are especially presented. The measures undertaken by the Serbian General Staff regarding the organization of traffic and supplies in the event of a war with Bulgaria were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1991, Sheffield was the host city for the XVI Summer Universiade, better known as the World Student Games (WSG). Studies of the 1991 WSG commonly assert that it received little to no television coverage. This article intervenes to demonstrate that the WSG did receive substantial television coverage on Sky Sports and across the ITV network. The article draws on new archival sources to provide perspectives on the negotiations and interactions between the WSG organizers and the broadcasters, focusing on BSkyB. The article serves as an instrumental case study on how newly available television archival collections can be used to reframe perspectives of television history. In particular, the article considers the early history of Sky Sports, its approach to sports acquisition, its relationship with public service broadcasters, and the impact of satellite television on live-sports coverage and a rapidly changing media landscape in the UK in the early 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historian Susan Zimmermann brought to scholars' attention a 1942 protest statement issued by the Liaison Committee of Women's International Organisations (LCWIO) in which they protested Nazi violence and abuses. Zimmermann characterized the protest statement as a "public and united stand" taken by the leading women's organizations. The phrasing of the protest was unusual in its attention to the "extermination" and "spoliation" of the lives, culture, and property of those victimized. I analyze the significance of this women-authored anti-atrocities document in historical context using archival sources. I argue that two refugee women instigated this legally oriented protest statement and that the statement was part of a modestly larger pattern of anti-atrocities campaigns. Rather than being united, as women's groups later claimed, evidence points to divisiveness, challenges building networks of allies to respond to war crimes, and difficulty in making themselves heard once they decided to act collectively on a gender-specific analysis of atrocities. This research bridges the fields of the history of feminism and Holocaust history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article rethinks the dynamics of collective contention by emphasizing the role of tactical ambiguity. In the face of high political uncertainty, contentious mobilizations work best when they avoid explicit claim-making and engage instead in what I call equivocal challenges—i.e. provocative actions whose meaning will be defined by the response they elicit from specific targets. I provide detailed illustrative support for this argument through a study of the 1948 Bogotazo, by analyzing network data and repertoires of action extracted from archival sources. I conclude that rushed claim-making in contexts of political uncertainty may very well be a losing tactic and that conversely collective equivocation has significant political payoffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We respond to the call for more research into the entanglement between multiple (including non-visual and non-verbal) modes of communication within organizations by exploring the relationships between rhetoric and materiality. We draw on archival sources concerning the Founder's Building at Royal Holloway College (1874–1897). We discuss the building as a multimodal material object, inherently multiple, fluid and messy: the Founder's Building is open to multiple encounters with sociality through multiple modes of communication. We find that such 'messiness' explains how the spatial, aural, sensual and visual modes embedded in a material object engage with each other, as well as with other visual, verbal and numerical modes, in the crafting of rhetoric: different modes sustain and oppose each other and evolve through absences and presences. We find that the messiness of material objects explains the engagement between rhetoric and materiality: materiality can limit or augment rhetoric, and materiality and rhetoric can co-evolve when the 'rhetors' (such as the founder and the governors of the College) and their audiences (such as students, visitors and tax authorities) attempt to transform the object (the Founder's Building) into always something else, even an absent object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the establishment in the 1970s of a new international private governance forum, the so-called 'Interlaken Conferences', which gathered together the leading figures of the Industrial Federations of the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. It therefore contributes to the literature dealing with business interest associations' (BIAs) international alliances, and to the growing corpus analysing BIAs' political strategies in tackling the 1970s social unrest and economic crisis. Thanks to archival sources from the Swiss Federation of Commerce and Industry, this article examines the calculated efforts by Interlaken participants to secure a 'liberal bastion' of European industrial federations that could impose its views within other official international BIAs. By improving coordination, the participants sought to defend common liberal economic principles and to fight against adverse economic policies such as protectionism and state intervention in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the commercial trajectory of Chinese and Palestinian immigrants, the largest communities in the cities of Arequipa and Moquegua in southern Peru. Although they were not part of 'desired' immigration projects and faced a series of prejudices and hostilities, these immigrants integrated significantly into the regional and national economies. The article draws on the qualitative analysis of a heterogeneous set of primary archival sources, many of which have not been studied before. These sources include records of immigration up to 1931, notarial files, and press reports from both cities. This work contributes to migration and business studies based on two approaches: undesirable migration and the role of migrants in forming the modern business system of the countries of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summer 1937, approximately four hundred to six hundred German descendants of Allied soldiers of color born in post-World War I Rhineland were forcedly sterilized. The Nazis vilified the children, referring to them as Rheinlandbastarde ("Rhineland bastards"). We still know relatively little about the fates of individual victims and the role of local perpetrators. This article uses anthropologist Wolfgang Abel's 1933 study of biracial Besatzungskinder ("occupation children") from Wiesbaden to shed fresh light on the interplay between local and national dynamics in the coming of the 1937 sterilization campaign. Drawing on many hitherto unexplored archival sources, the article traces the lives of several biracial children. The case of the Rhenish children shows that Nazi leaders worried that "racial difference" often was invisible. A key goal thus focused on constructing the children's racial visibility. Officials, physicians, and teachers embedded in local communities often played a crucial role in ferreting out biracial children and marking them as racial "Others." Simultaneously, the case of Wiesbaden suggests that instances where local actors contested important elements of ascriptions of racial "Otherness" to biracial Besatzungskinder may have hardened Nazi leaders' resolve to pursue the children's sterilizations outside existing legal norms and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biblioteca: Revista de Bibliologie şi Știinţa Informării is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study presents the analytical characterisation of Liu Kang's paint mixtures and the painting technique used during the important Shanghai artistic phase (1933−1937). Liu Kang (1911–2004) was a Chinese artist who received an academic art education in Shanghai (1926–1928) and Paris (1929–1932). He settled permanently in Singapore in 1945 and became a leading contributor to the national art scene. This study showcases 12 paintings on canvas from the collections of the National Gallery Singapore and the Liu family. An integrated approach combined non- and micro-invasive analytical methods supplemented with archival sources and enabled characterising the investigated paint mixtures and revealing details of the artist's painting technique. The study has proved the artist's ability to produce a variety of hues by utilising a conventional palette of colours. The predilection for ultramarine, viridian, yellow and red iron-rich earth pigments, umber, yellow chromate pigments, as well as lead white, zinc white or Zn-base compounds like lithopone and barium white was recorded. The study emphasises a minor use of Prussian blue, emerald green, cadmium yellow or its variant and bone black. Although it remains unknown what brands of paints Liu Kang used, the available archival sources give insights into the painting materials available in Shanghai that the artist could have had at his disposal during the period under review. The archival information is based on the Chinese and overseas colourmen advertisements printed in Chinese journals and the respective contemporary colourmen catalogues. The artist's painting technique departs from the experimental approach of his Paris phase. In Shanghai, he focused on synthesising the painting principles of the School of Paris with traditional Chinese calligraphy. The outcomes of this research may support future technical studies of works by other artists contemporary to Liu Kang and who were active in pre-war Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nineteenth-century colonial India witnessed the muchhyped anti-thuggee campaign, instrumental in creating an elaborate archive of frequent commentaries, opinions on banditry, prisoners and their trials, approvers' accounts, administrative studies as well as fictional narratives. Re-reading such archival sources, this article explores how nautch, a hybrid form of dance, once glorified and later criminalised by the colonial powers, became a point of intersection between the Europeans in India and local thugs, who often benefitted from such dancers. The article shows the precarious position of the nautch performers as instrumental in collaborating with the colonial rulers and the outlawed thugs for controlling perceived 'crime' in the Indian subcontinent, while ending up as victims, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social science approaches to missing values predict avoided, unrequested, or lost information from dense data sets, typically surveys. The authors propose a matrix factorization approach to missing data imputation that (1) identifies underlying factors to model similarities across respondents and responses and (2) regularizes across factors to reduce their overinfluence for optimal data reconstruction. This approach may enable social scientists to draw new conclusions from sparse data sets with a large number of features, for example, historical or archival sources, online surveys with high attrition rates, or data sets created from Web scraping, which confound traditional imputation techniques. The authors introduce matrix factorization techniques and detail their probabilistic interpretation, and they demonstrate these techniques' consistency with Rubin's multiple imputation framework. The authors show via simulations using artificial data and data from real-world subsets of the General Social Survey and National Longitudinal Study of Youth cases for which matrix factorization techniques may be preferred. These findings recommend the use of matrix factorization for data reconstruction in several settings, particularly when data are Boolean and categorical and when large proportions of the data are missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of uniform sexual dimorphism in some radioulnar contrasts between different finger ridge counts within the same hand in a large set of populations, thus confirming the universal nature of this dimorphism in humans.Subjects and methods: We analysed individual finger ridge counts (10 values on each hand) of both hands from archival sources (mainly the Brehme-Jantz database). In total, these included 4412 adults from 21 population samples covering all permanently inhabited continents and encompassing very different and geographically distant human populations. We calculated the contrasts (differences) of all pairs of ridge counts (45 per hand) and used diverse methods to assess the direction and degree of dimorphism of them across all population samples.Results: The highest sexual dimorphism was observed for nine contrasts involving the ridge count of the dermatoglyphic pattern on the radial side of the second finger of the right hand (R2r). Among these contrasts, we then found four that had the same direction of dimorphism in all 21 populations. The most dimorphic was the contrast R1rR2r – the difference between the ridge count of the radial side of the thumb and the radial side of the index finger.Discussion: Thus, these dermatoglyphic traits can be further investigated as potential markers of prenatal sex differentiation from ca. 10th week of intrauterine development. However, it will be useful to address the detailed factors and mechanisms for differences in the degree of dimorphism of these traits in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A radical vision for city planning in Soviet Lithuania, starting in the 1960s, was controlled by Soviet authorities, legislation, and plans. The concept was to divide cities into mikrorayons (microdistricts) to be serviced by shopping centres with different purposes. This article reveals the significant hurdles Soviet Lithuania experienced in implementing these Soviet urban and retail models. Because of long-term planning issues and delays, the construction of shopping centres and even entire residential areas failed to meet the rapidly changing needs of society. How did the principles of Soviet urban planning influence or hinder the development of retail centres in Soviet Lithuania? Archival sources identify how these centres were reflected in urban planning documents and which rules governing the centres and their structure were applicable. This article details how a Soviet shopping centre compared 'on paper' to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to uncover the activities of former officers of the Security Service of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (SB OUN), which was disbanded at the end of 1951. The study is grounded in the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, forming the methodological foundation. Various historical methods, including historical-comparative, retrospective, problematic, and structural, have been employed. The scientific novelty of the findings lies in the introduction of a substantial number of previously unpublished archival documents and resources from the Sectoral State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine, shedding light on the clandestine activities of these officers during the 1950's and 1960's within the territory of the USSR. The disbandment of the Security Service did not mark the end of the special agencies within the Ukrainian resistance movement. Instead, these agencies continued to operate under the OUN banner, with many of their leaders either perishing in confrontations with the Ministry of State Security (the KGB before 1955) or being captured as prisoners of war. Even within labor camps, former Security Service officers played an active role, identifying camp administration agents among prisoners, defending political convicts from criminals, participating in uprisings and protests, and attempting to establish their own intelligence networks. The mass release of Ukrainian nationalists from these camps led to a resurgence of anti-Soviet protests and unrest. Former prisoners joined underground organizations, some of which created their own security agencies. The fate of the officers who remained in the USSR varied widely. Some continued their illegal opposition, while others chose to cooperate with the Soviet authorities. The majority, however, lived under constant surveillance by the Committee for State Security. Despite an extensive propaganda campaign against «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism», public trials of former OUN members were rare, and when they did occur, they primarily targeted individuals who had previously been associated with the Security Service. This diversity of fates and activities underscores the complex and multifaceted nature of the Ukrainian nationalist movement during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last twenty lines of what is arguably Ó Cadhain’s most important literary manifesto, Páipéir Bhána agus Páipéir Bhreaca (1969), one may be surprised to find two references to Scotland, pointing to Scottish Gaelic as well as Scots. This article uses archival and newspaper sources in order to explore Ó Cadhain’s manifold relationship to Scotland. Ó Cadhain’s interest in Scotland can be seen in the context of the author’s complex positioning of himself as an international writer, while always remaining loyal to the Irish language and his native Gaeltacht. An outreach to literatures in other small languages, especially of the Celtic branch, was an integral part of this strategy. The essay concentrates principally on a series of twenty-four articles, mostly in Irish, which Ó Cadhain published in the Irish Times in 1953 and 1954. In these, he gives an account of the 1953 Jubilee Mòd in Oban and informs the readers about the history and prospects of Scottish Gaelic, as well as the Scottish struggle for autonomy within the UK. Ó Cadhain draws multiple comparisons with the situation in Ireland, showcases his knowledge of Scottish Gaelic song and modern literature, and displays a keen sense of paradox as well as his characteristic wit and humour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the Dutch Textile Trade Project's use of the Dutch West India Company archives in the context of archival sources for the Dutch colony of New Netherland, which included parts of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut (1621 to 1664). While the digitization of the WIC's New Netherland Papers has provided scholars with invaluable access to information about the former Dutch colony, it has also placed undue weight on this elite, semi-private collection of documents at the expense of other archival collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Documentación Científica is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based primarily on archival sources, the article presents new relevant facts about the life of Jiří [Georgius] Mělnický of Greifenfels († 1619), the first owner of a copy of Kalendář historický printed by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín in 1590. Concerning this copy, significant research attention has been devoted to only one more owner of this book, Václav Nosidlo, namely in connection with his chronicle recordings from exile in 1625-1639. The only information about J. Mělnický so far has come from the owner's marks in Veleslavín's calendar: his initials with the date 1596 and a heraldic bookplate on the upper board, an attached sheet of paper with Jiří Mělnický's woodcut arms, and an encomiastic poem on this insignia written by Jiří [Georgius] Carolides of Carlsperk. The binding has been successfully assigned to Kryštof Meyšnar's bookbinding shop. The activities of Jiří Mělnický, originally named Pšovský, in Koporeč, Polehrady and Litoměřice have been proved by archival documents, but his presumed stay in Mělník and Prague remains unconfirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years the development of historical databases reconstructing the lives of large populations accelerated. These considerable investments of time and money have greatly expanded possibilities for new research in history, demography, sociology, economics, and other disciplines. This special issue describes the content and design of 23 important historical databases. Authors were given the freedom to discuss a range of practical and technical decisions from evaluating archival sources to crowdsourcing data entry. The most common issue is nominative record linkage, but we find different choices between semi-automatic and fully automatic linkage techniques and various approaches for connecting diverse sources. Some databases describe special problems, like linking Chinese names, handwritten text recognition or the construction of a release in IDS-format. Other databases offer detailed descriptions of sources or discuss prospects for including new datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of L'Ospite Ingrato is the property of Quodlibet S.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is an attempt at an introductory presentation of the Soviet cultural policy at the local level on the example of Grodno in the second half of the 1980s. Based on the analysis of source materials, it can be concluded that the outdated system of organising and managing cultural policy was in conflict with the informal cultural practices of the city’s inhabitants. The declared goals of the state cultural policy, which is still an ideological tool for forming a new man, and the model of disseminating the content of culture clearly did not keep up with the grassroots initiative of the city’s residents in terms of shaping the free time space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what circumstances do Sunni and Shiʿa organisations enter into institutional cooperation with each other? This article explores this question through a study of Muslim institutional cooperation in Norway from the late 1980s to the late 2010s, based on both archival sources and qualitative interviews. This period witnessed at first a very tight cooperation between Sunni and Shiʿa organisations, before the cooperation collapsed in the 1990s. In the 2010s Sunnis and Shiʿa again started to cooperate closely. The article seeks to interpret this development through the theory of superordinate or common goals or uniting against a third party. Sunnis seemed to invite the Shiʿa in when they had a clear common goal in the form of an external threat. Even though conditions vary, I argue that this mechanism may have played a role in the development of cooperation between Sunni and Shiʾa organisations in other countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]