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Transcriptions of Central Javanese gamelan melodies published in England in the early nineteenth century by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and John Crawfurd are recognizably similar to compositions performed today and offer an opportunity to gauge change in an oral tradition. Comparison with modern concordances shows considerable stability in modal practice and the idiom of the rebab, provides evidence of changes in specific pieces, raises questions regarding regional variants and the significance of melodic register, and supports the viability of early repertory lists from other sources as a basis for historical research.

Breakdown of the contributions by various departments and individuals to the NPS Centennial Time Capsule.

STARDUST, the 4th NASA Discovery Mission, returned the world's first coma sample from a comet with known history. The returned samples gave the world the first opportunity to perform detailed laboratory studies of comet Wild 2 and a time capsule of the formational times of our Solar System. The completion of a comet coma flyby sample return mission required heroic endeavors from many participants, extensive advocacy by officials and reviewers, considerable doses of serendipitous miracles and, invariably, disappointments. This chronicle recounts some of the technology breakthroughs and significant engineering and strategic innovations that made STARDUST possible. For those who dream of future space exploration, this account may provide inspiration for even more incredible discoveries to come. A flight project distinguished by the excellence of its technical concept is only a necessary condition; completing such a mission successfully depends on sufficiency factors that are often slighted-programmatic, interpersonal and cosmic happenstances.

'Lifelogging' technology makes it possible to amass digital data about every aspect of our everyday lives. Instead of focusing on such technical possibilities, here we investigate the way people compose long-term mnemonic representations of their lives. We asked 10 families to create a time capsule, a collection of objects used to trigger remembering in the distant future. Our results show that contrary to the lifelogging view, people are less interested in exhaustively digitally recording their past than in reconstructing it from carefully selected cues that are often physical objects. Time capsules were highly expressive and personal, many objects were made explicitly for inclusion, however with little object annotation. We use these findings to propose principles for designing technology that supports the active reconstruction of our future past. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Clemson University celebrated its centennial in 1988-89, an event that served as the catalyst for transforming the university's archives. The author discusses how the Special Collections department capitalized on centennial-related reference requests, publications and oral history projects, exhibits, and time capsule activities to reach new audiences and win support for program expansion. Important elements in the successful strengthening of this program were the support of key university administrators, start-up funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, and the identification of viable, high-visibility projects for its various constituencies.

Time capsules are presented as an ideal way to characterize the ephemeral, popular cultural media "software" of any era. By preserving selected artifacts and descriptions and interpretations of those items in time capsules a wide variety of popular subcultures, unconventional and unofficial views, practices, and publications can be transmitted directly into the future without the editing of (our) contemporary official cultural authorities. Four millennial time capsules' contents are briefly considered, as well as the typical contents of centennial time capsules. Suggestions are made as to how time capsules can be used as unique cultural conveyances, rather than merely be missed opportunities. The inadequate representation of popular culture in time capsules is illustrated, and general guidelines are suggested for increased popular cultural representation in new time capsules.

The Victoria Room is a time capsule at the heart of old empire.’ It is situated in the town hall of Melbourne—named in 1837 for the British monarch of the day—in the state of Victoria.2 The corner stone of the Melbourne town hall was laid by Queen Victoria’s second son, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1867. Shoulder to shoulder with his fellow loyal Melburnians, journalist and author Marcus Clarke had “bunting on the brain” as he cheered and shouted, baked on veranda tops, was deafened by brass bands, and had his toes trodden on during the duke’s visit, which was the first by British royalty to Australian shores.3 Here Melbourne’s municipal authority was ensconced, at the heart of civic power, at the height of an imperial age. Once the office of the deputy town clerk, the Victoria Room’s polished cedar bookcases climb giddily up to fanlight level on the east and south walls. Carved consoles supporting a continuous timber cornice separate the cases into sections, the shelves bowing under the weight of the corporation’s former professional library.4 For a hundred years after E. G. FitzGibbon commenced his thirty-five-year reign as town clerk of the city christened “Marvellous Melbourne” by George Augustus Sala, the walls of the Victoria Room and its adjacent corridors and offices echoed to the command of only four town clerks, those “chief instruments of local power.”5

Proposed in the paper is the Environmental Time Capsule. ET-Capsule in short, which is planned to contain specimens and information representing environmental and biological conditions of the Earth in the end of the twentieth century (A. D. 2, 000). and to conserve them till A. D. 3, 000 or A. D. 10, 000. The capsule will be deposited and kept underground in some monumental place or ice in the polar regions. First. the concept and the aim of the ET-Capsule are presented. Then. three distinguished existing (having berried) ordinary time capsules are compared with each other. Namely. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company berried two at the occasions of the New York World's Fairs (1938 and 1965). and Matsushita Electric and Mainichi Newspaper cooperatively followed at the Osaka World Exposition in 1970. These capsules are distinct from others. because they were made under as much scientific examinations as possible and their contents were carefully selected after extensive discussions. The experience is quite informative to design ET-Capsule.

Background Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is one of the most important investigations for small bowel examination. Although newer-generation WCE is equipped with a real-time viewer, the role of this advancement in daily practice remains unknown. Objective Our purpose was to determine the role of the real-time viewer for monitoring of the videoendoscope passage through the upper GI tract. Design Case-control comparison. Setting Single tertiary referral center. Patients Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent capsule endoscopy in a 12-month period were studied. Twenty-seven patients received conventional WCE, whereas 18 patients were examined by real-time WCE. Passage into the small bowel was monitored with the real-time viewer in the second group of patients. Gastric transit time and the rate of complete small bowel examination were compared. Interventions On-demand polyethylene glycol and erythromycin were prescribed according to the progress as viewed by the real-time monitor. Main Outcome Measurements Small bowel examination completion rate and gastric transit time. Results Small bowel examination was completed in 19 (70.4%) and 17 (94.4%) patients undergoing conventional and real-time WCE, respectively (P = .048). With the real-time monitoring and on-demand preparations, gastric passage time was significantly reduced (100 vs 59 minutes, P = .02). Limitations Nonrandomized study. Conclusions The use of the real-time viewer may help to secure the passage of the capsule endoscope into the small bowel and hence result in a higher rate of complete small bowel examination.

It has all the ingredients of the primordial soup. Yet biological processes appear to have played no part in forming the life-friendly chemicals discovered in a pocket of water that last saw the light of day 1.5 billion years ago. Barbara Sherwood Lollar at the University of Toronto in Canada and her team discovered the water a few years ago, oozing out of the rocky walls deep in the Kidd mine near Timmins in Ontario. Chemical analysis suggested that the water had been sealed away inside a cavity in the rock. The water appears to contain no life--making it an extremely rare find.

The purpose of the present paper is to give an expansion of the results of Michiharu Kudo and Anish Mathuria. We present the base-protocol and formulate three properties of the protocol with modal logic tools. After that we expand the baseprotocol and prove four new properties. We prove that the third trusted partner can not read the message of the sender until a predetermined time.

Experts in advanced system technologies will predict the design of the best HPC Storage Systems in 2020. They will defend why they think the technology they select will be the winning technology 15 years from now. The panelists will pick one set of technology - not a list of possibilities - to define the system. They will define the performance and aspects of the technologies and explain why their system is the most likely to succeed.Besides questions and comments at the sessions, attendees will vote for the proposed systems of 2020 they think are most likely to succeed. The presentations, votes and attendee comments will all be sealed in a time capsule that will be opened in 2020, which will be used in 2020 to compare the predications to reality. The time capsule will also include an appropriate prize for the presenter who made the best prediction. The winner needs to be present to collect their prize.

Experts in advanced system technologies will predict the design of the best HPC architectures in 2020. They will defend why they think the technology they select will be the winning technology 15 years from now. The panelists will pick one set of technology - not a list of possibilities - to define the system. They will define the performance and aspects of the technologies and explain why their system is the most likely to succeed.Besides questions and comments at the sessions, attendees will vote for the proposed systems of 2020 they think are most likely to succeed. The presentations, votes and attendee comments will all be sealed in a time capsule that will be opened in 2020, which will be used in 2020 to compare the predications to reality. The time capsule will also include an appropriate prize for the presenter who made the best prediction. The winner needs to be present to collect their prize.

An individual who is approaching the end of a long life will often gain comfort from exploring his or her experiences in emotional and spiritual terms. This is widely recognized, and help is usually at hand for those wishing to address dilemmas relating to religion and values. However, this option will not be available to those who, because of dementia, have lost the ability to communicate on these matters. A caregiver or clinician may fail to grasp the experiences that hold religious and spiritual significance for the patient, and there has been little discussion of how mental health practitioners should address the issue. In this paper we present arguments that lead to the proposal for 'time capsules' whereby patients with early dementia can set down their thoughts and so exercise a degree of control over subsequent events.

The term ‘time capsule’ loosely refers to a discrete body of evidence, either of the past preserved against interference until the present, or of the present similarly preserved for posterity. A narrower definition adds the idea of intention: a time capsule is the result of deliberately setting aside what a hypothetical future finder is anticipated to regard as evidence of the present.1

I originally wrote most of this chapter for a conference in the early 1990s (Atmore, 1993b). It is difficult to say categorically, now in 2002, how much of a time capsule that paper has become. While I have made some transitions in my work against child sexual abuse and gendered violence more generally, these seem to further illustrate some of my earlier arguments. I use a series of italicised scenes from the 1990s to shape my reflections on that era, and end with an update of where they have led me now.

The objective of influenza research, says Sir MacFarlane Burnet, is “the understanding of the conditions responsible for pandemic influenza of the 1918 type—and the establishment of conditions necessary to prevent its reappearance.” Humanity can afford to ignore the virus of common flu, such as that personally cultured by Wilson Smith, which brings two days of misery and a fortnight of feebleness, and elicits names like the “jolly rant”; but the virus of 1918 produced a disease that turned people the color of wet ashes and drowned them in the fluids of their own bodies and inspired names like the “purple death.” The discovery of Smith, Andrewes, and Laidlaw, however brilliant, was of the virus of 1933, not that of 1918, the real object of their and all their colleagues' concern. It has been the dream of scientists working on influenza for over a half century to somehow obtain specimens of the virus of Spanish influenza, but only something as unlikely as a time capsule could provide them. One of the few things known for certain about influenza in 1918 and for some years after was that it was, outside the laboratory, exclusively a disease of human beings. There was a tradition several hundred years old that a wide assortment of domesticated animals—horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats—were susceptible to flu, and in 1894 no less a savant than Charles Creighton in his massive History of Epidemics in Britain claimed that epidemics of flu in 1657-1659, 1688, 1727, 1732, 1737, and 1760 in humans had been preceded or accompanied by epidemics of respiratory illness in horses.

The paper considers how one score hence will be an era of communication networks that will affect the lives of most of the people on the planet and will affect those in the developed countries profoundly. Communications technology is tightly bound with the development of society and culture, and the coming changes in network speed and availability will drive changes in the way we perceive the world.

The new atlas, which shows the distribution of important trace metals and other substances, is the first product of GEOTRACES, a $300 million international effort. It draws on careful measurements from more than 30,000 seawater samples drawn from nearly 800 locations. One map, for example, shows the distribution of minute trace levels of the toxic metal lead, once a major component of gasoline. In the Atlantic Ocean, GEOTRACES researchers show that lead-tainted water that was once at the surface has now sunk some 1000 meters, creating a kind of time capsule recording past pollution. But the map also shows that contamination in continuing, with relatively high trace levels entering the Atlantic from the Indian Ocean, which is bordered by nations where cars still burn leaded gasoline. Overall, however, lead levels in the Atlantic have been dropping since the United States and Europe banned leaded gasoline decades ago, and the levels pose no threat to humans or wildlife.

by Andrew Ross. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada; www.fireflybooks.com. 112 pages; 2010; $29.95 (hardbound). Andrew Ross is the principal curator of paleobiology at the National Museum...

A recent story from Tulsa, Oklahoma, reported on a "ruined" time capsule built in 1957. The capsule was opened this year during Oklahoma's Centennial celebrations, but it had leaked and the 1957 Plymouth Belvedere inside had been pickled for fifty years in four feet of standing water. While the Tulsa capsule was undone by the ravages of time--precisely what it was constructed to keep out--there is one interesting footnote to this spectacular failure. Interred in the capsule were the results of a competition to see who could get the closest to guessing the town's new population when the capsule was to be opened in 2007. No winner has yet been announced but they ("or their descendents") win the car and a savings account worth $1,000, which all goes to show that the past is always present and it can come back anytime to bite you. From time capsules to archives is an easy transition--both contain a body of records/documents "pertaining to an organization or institution." (1) One important difference between the time capsule and the archive is that the time capsule attempts to, "store for posterity a selection of objects thought to be representative of life at a particular time." (2) Archives are less picky, and it is well understood that their real significance might not be fully appreciated until some time in the future. Archive appears to be a flexible term, one that can be used to describe the physical place or locale of the collected material, as well as a conceptual frame that sifts artifacts and intellectual information. Indeed, the archive, time capsule, and magazine are not that different. All sift and sort information, arrange it into a predetermined format, and all have a complicated relationship to the present. The magazine records the now for immediate consumption, the time capsule preserves the now of then for the then of now, and the archive preserves everything for later. All are united in their capacity to store things, to bring stuff together from different pasts and for different futures, and all converge at the collection point of the archive. Patricia Kelly, a contemporary art historian at DePaul University in Chicago, in an abstract for a chapter in a book about artists' periodicals, writes about Phyllis Johnson's Aspen magazine (which published ten issues between 1965 and 1971) and how each issue of the periodical with its mixed media contributions gathered inside a box served as "as a veritable time capsule, providing insight into a fraught historical period...." (3) Indeed, there are two issues of Aspen that do have unique combinations of objects that have come to be viewed as representative of specific cultural and historical moments: the "Pop Art Issue," designed by Andy Warhol and David Dalton (#3, 1966), and "The Minimal Issue," edited by Brian O'Doherty (#5/6, 1967). Here we have a magazine that illustrates one aspect of its etymological definition as a "storehouse" (4) while simultaneously functioning as a unique time capsule. Additionally, from the historian's point of view, the opening of the time capsule offers a tantalizingly ephemeral whiff of the past. Warhol, as it would later turn out, had a much deeper and long-lasting association with archives. In the middle 1970s, ten years after Aspen's "Pop Art Issue," he began to keep a cardboard box next to his desk into which he would regularly sweep a Wunderkammer of printed matter. At the time of his death in 1987, six hundred and twelve of these dated and sealed boxes were discovered in storage. Warhol was evidently ambivalent about these "time capsules," as he called them, saying, "I want to throw things right out the window as they're handed to me, but instead I say thank you and drop them into the box-of-the-month. But my other outlook is that I really do want to save things so that they can be used again." (5) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In a 1978 diary entry, Warhol considered another strategy: "I really ought to auction off my time capsule boxes . …

Deep beneath western China's Qaidam Basin are traces of gigantic freshwater lakes and lush forests that gave way to steppe and desert tens of millions of years ago.

Last week, the National Science Foundation awarded a group of plant evolutionary biologists $1.2 million to spend the next 4 years collecting and banking seeds that won9t be used until 5, 10, or even 50 years from now. Proponents of the new effort are betting that the next generations of evolutionary biologists will be eager to break into this time capsule. Comparing plants grown from the stored seeds with plants collected decades from now will allow researchers to look more objectively at how a species reacts to global warming, species invasions, new land-use patterns, or other changes in their surroundings.

[1] NASA has selected an unmanned mission to study and return samples from a carbonaceous asteroid as the third mission in its New Frontiers Program, the agency announced on 25 May. The Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) is scheduled for a 2016 launch from Cape Canaveral, Fla., and a 2023 return to Utah's Test and Training Range. It will be the first U.S. mission to return samples from an asteroid to Earth and the first to return asteroid samples that could help scientists understand organics on Earth. The mission aims to sample the approximately 1900-foot-diameter asteroid, 1999 RQ36, which is named for the year it was discovered. This asteroid is “kind of a time capsule from 4.5 billion years ago, when the solar system formed,” according to OSIRIS-REx principal investigator Michael Drake, director of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, Tucson, which NASA selected to lead the mission. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., is managing the mission, and Lockheed Martin will build the spacecraft. The mission is expected to cost $800 million, excluding the $1 billion launch vehicle.

There is much to see, say, and write about a painting. Art critics know how to explain the composition, the colors, the vibrancy, the state of mind of the artist. The painting by Andrieux (see Figure) is somehow different. It is the rendering of a hospital scene, a time capsule, focusing on one location with the presence of physicians, nurses, and patients. This painting illustrates the practice of pediatrics circa 1900 in France. The painting represents a Paris hospital room, probably at the Hospital de la Charite, located on rue des Ecoles. This hospital was demolished in 1935, and in its place, the Paris Medical School—La Nouvelle Ecole de Medecine—was built after World War II. The maternity ward of the hospital was directed by Pierre Budin, one of the fellows of Stephane Tarnier, the initiator of the first well-being clinics for nurslings and the author of Le Nourrisson , published in 1900 and translated to English in 1907 as The Nursling . In the middle of the room, a physician, bent over a strange crib, examines an infant. He has introduced his second finger into the mouth of the baby to evaluate the suck reflex. With the other hand, he holds carefully the head of the little patient who is lying in a couveuse a (incubator). This new device was introduced by Stephane Tarnier in 1883. b The infant warmer in the painting is made of high-gloss enamel, so that it can be sterilized for the next patient. It …