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Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of História Unisinos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pegada is the property of Pegada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ñawi: Arte, Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del CESLA is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eutopía: Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial is the property of Eutopia: Revista de Desarrollo Economico Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ra'e Ga is the property of Ra'e Ga - O Espaco Geografico em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present the interview held on July 29, 2016, under a broad shadow in which the floor was covered with babassu leaves and nuts. By the hammock that swayed in the lightness of the breeze lay a hatchet and a stump - the working tools of the babassu nut breaker Dona Francisca and her husband Expedito. This apparently peaceful life contrasts with the history - past and present - of those who welcome us: Serra Pelada, GETAT, INCRA, Matopiba. A land of conflicts, of the Guerrilha do Araguaia, of the Rural Workers' Unions, of the social movement of female babassu nut breakers. The contradictions between the colonization projects and the agricultural projects and hubs presented by the Brazilian State towards the livelihood of this peasant babassu nut breaker - one of several possible adjectives for Francisca - teaches us that "living is very dangerous", as Guimarães Rosa would say, but fundamental and inexorable for life itself to elapse and reproduce itself. The interview took place at Dona Francisca's plot, in Buriti do Tocantins, a municipality of Bico do Papagaio, which borders Pará and is located about 10 kilometers from Maranhão and was held by Mariana Leal Conceição Nóbrega and Débora Assumpção e Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliography that applies the Gini index to the distribution of land in rural areas is abundant. Generally, the measure is applied to census records, which implies a limit in its explanatory capacity, seldom assumed. In this work, which does not seek for an absolute measure of inequality (specific) but an approach to a quantification of the magnitude of the concentration process, a methodology of adequacy of the data bases conducive to this objective is developed. Gini Indexes are then computed for fundamental variables for the Pampean "wealth": agriculture exploitation surfaces (and its valuation), planted area and heads of cattle. The inequality in its distribution was significantly worsened in the period studied and was associated to the operation of the different agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For centuries, transferring ownership of land under common law was a slow, complex process requiring the construction of a chain of paper deeds evidencing multiple decades of prior possession. In 1858, colonist Robert Torrens developed a new system for the transfer of land in South Australia, where the land was understood by colonial powers as 'new' and without history. With the intention of making land a liquid asset, Torrens' system of title registration shifted the legal basis of title from a history of prior possession to a singular act of registration. Analysing the structure and effects of title registration, engaging with interdisciplinary work on time, and taking H.G Wells' iconic time travel novella as a point of departure, I argue that title registries can usefully be understood as time machines. Like the machine H.G Wells imagined, title registries use fiction to facilitate fantastical journeys in which the subject is radically temporally dislocated from the material constraints of history. As with time machines, it tends to be a transcendental white male subject who is most likely to survive this dislocation. While based on fiction, the impacts of title registries are very much real, facilitating humanity's arrival at racist, dystopic landscapes in the here and now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2004, Benin adopted a Code of Persons and the Family, designed to put an end to the legal dualism in private law and the application of "traditional" law, which was considered discriminatory. Focusing on the notion of equality, the new Code is often described as the "Women's Code" by ordinary citizens and legal practitioners in Cotonou. How did this name come about? By detailing the context in which it was adopted and the way in which the new text was introduced to citizens, this article will first provide a better understanding of the way in which it is perceived. Using succession disputes as a case study, it focuses on those who use it, how they use it and the consequences on gender relations, family relations and access to commons in Cotonou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of the relicta pia (pious bequests assigning temporal goods to the purpose of salvation of the soul) in Nueva Granada in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, where properly studied according to its own dogmatic (a juridical one, originated in the Western canon of Roman descent), provides the opportunity to rethink the idea of secularization itself, as a form of transmission of material, juridical and political resources (land, iurisdictio), along the transition from the ancien régime to constitutional and legalist republics. The notion of «spiritual» or «spiritualized» goods, placed outside the commercium, among which land must be possibly included, as object of pious dispositions, refers to sacrum, the sacred, as an «antineutral» dimension of politics, law and justice; this dimension originates in the pignora of the pagan religio, a pactist and communitarian one, and lingers on in Christian relicta and relics, described and interpreted according to the set of concepts, principles and institutions of the ius commune, Roman and canonical, plural and casuistical; a system far from all blunt identification with the «law of the Catholic Monarchy», and whose rule continues for decades after the establishment of Republics in Hispanic America. In its effort to create modern «property», Bourbon laws intervene against customary and immaterial forms of gaining and circulating rights on land, neutralizing dispositives of the ancient sacrum, so announcing the transition of law to an abstract dimension, tending to depoliticization, due to legalism and positivism. The liberal State rising triumphant from the revolutions will eventually displace politics, previously established in rendering justice, to new territories, temporarily coextensive with the domains of (political) economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review software for exploring biological evolution from a fun and educational perspective. Our goal is to provide a background explanation of the methods used, terminology, and user experience, and learning outcomes of desktop and mobile evolutionary simulators. Freeware and commercial programs are detailed, with a discussion of how certain software packages can be used in introducing evolutionary theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the Pampean agricultural actors the land has been historically considered not only as an economic heritage, but also as symbolic and affective one. In recent decades, the advance of the agribusiness production model questioned the fundamental relationship between subject and land, disarticulating the centrality of the latter as an identity substrate. The discourse disseminated by the defenders of this model in the public sphere re-defines the land as another commodity and addresses the protagonists of production as "the landless". The aim of this paper is to analyze the relevance that the land holds in the identitary constructions of the Pampean agricultural actors and the influence of the agribusiness discourse on those constructions. By considering Stuart Hall's approach of identifications (2003), we analyse a corpus of 42 interviews carried out between the years 2016 and 2018 in two counties of the province of Buenos Aires which present very different agroecological characteristics (Ayacucho and Baradero), and 329 surveys carried out by our research team in 2013 in the same province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eutopía: Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial is the property of Eutopia: Revista de Desarrollo Economico Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta es la historia de una ciudad transformada desde las entrañas de la tierra, un más allá donde las leyes de la razón quedan en suspenso. Una especie de “otra naturaleza”, entendida como un inmaterial desconocido con el que reflexionar sobre la hipótesis de que toda ciudad contiene en sus dobleces un mundo natural. Este ensayo es un posicionamiento, un dialogo en torno a esta singular relación entre ciudad y naturaleza; una reflexión sobre la forma en que las cosas ocurren en el espacio, y aquellas que suceden en el tiempo. Espacios y tiempos desdoblados y plegados sobre sí mismos, como inmateriales con los que el 5th duque construyó esta fascinante escenografía en la que representar su propia vida.

Durante 1941, Ricardo Rojas publica en el diario La Nación una serie de entradas sobre la comunidad Selk’nam en Tierra del Fuego, donde fue recluido en 1934 por causas políticas. Un año más tarde, Losada las recopila en Archipiélago. Tierra del Fuego. El interés de Rojas por las culturas autóctonas fue una constante que atravesó su producción literaria y académica; sin embargo, en este libro se aprecia una actitud diferente: Archipiélago se presenta como un texto de denuncia, un panorama descriptivo y de auto-exploración que bajo la forma de la investigación directa invoca relatos y voces silenciadas para exponerlas a la lectura de las clases aristocráticas. El exilio de Rojas en Ushuaia le permite indagar en algunos aspectos relevantes de la configuración nacional: el yo y el otro, los límites de la nación y del discurso, la muerte de las lenguas, la imposición lingüística y sus consecuencias.

El tratado De mundo articula en siete capítulos una sorprendente síntesis de pensamiento filosófico en la era imperial romana. A una presentación de la filosofía como ciencia suprema siguen las interpretaciones del orden natural según cinco elementos y de la armonía del cielo de los dioses y la tierra de los hombres, más una descripción de la geografía y la meteorología del mundo como casa del dios supremo, que gobierna el Estado cósmico como un rey. Aunque todavía hay estudiosos que quieren mantener la atribución del tratado a Aristóteles, el traductor sostiene que la escritura del texto no pudo ser anterior al siglo I a.C., cf. Méthexis 11, 1998, 103-111.

Boris Ivelic es miembro fundador y director de la Maestría en Arquitectura mención náutico y marítimo de la Escuela de Arquitectura y Diseño de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (EAD-PUCV). Reside en la Ciudad Abierta, donde hace más de 40 años, junto a otros profesores integra trabajo, vida y estudio. La EAD-PUCV es actualmente una referencia internacional y ha tenido una relevancia cabal para nuestra facultad en la incorporación de contenidos vinculados a la relación entre arquitectura y paisaje, y al desarrollo de prácticas 1:1. Esta entrevista contextualiza el vínculo entre ambas facultades, e indaga sobre el concepto de maritorio, su importancia para comprender el territorio chileno en sus dimensiones tangibles e intangibles y el impacto que esta noción ha tenido en la producción académica y científica de grado y posgrado de la EAD-PUCV.

Recurriendo a la micro-historia, nos proponemos develar la estructura de poder en el Caribe colombiano haciendo mención al ordenamiento espacial, la gestión sobre la población, la propiedad sobre la tierra y las formas de sujeción de las personas a unas relaciones productivas. En ese proceso, la Hacienda ha sido el modelo de propiedad, explotación y subordinación que configuró la sociedad caribeña adaptándose a las cambiantes condiciones históricas mediante la implementación de múltiples estrategias que incluyen, bajo el contexto del conflicto armado, la violencia y el despojo. En la segunda parte de este texto, miramos el caso de Los Montes de María para mostrar esa continuidad histórica que representa la Hacienda y los efectos inmediatos sobre las condiciones de vida campesina y los recursos naturales, particularmente sobre el agua, en el ambiente del post-acuerdo donde conflictos antes solapados por la guerra empiezan a emerger.

Este artículo analiza el reparto agrario en la hacienda Bellavista, en el estado de Jalisco (México). La hacienda fue un emporio agro-ganadero industrial en el Porfiriato. Entre 1915 y 1935, los pueblos vecinos solicitaron tierras al gobierno, las cuales les fueron concedidas, y el último en solicitarlas fue el poblado de Bellavista, obteniéndolas en abril de 1935. El reparto agrario terminó con las haciendas e inició la formación de los ejidos, los cuales fueron una invención de los gobiernos revolucionarios y de la legislación emanada de ellos. Para el estudio sobre el tema se consultó la legislación general y la bibliografía sobre la reforma agraria, la historiografía de la Revolución mexicana y la documentación del Registro Agrario Nacional Delegación Jalisco, en particular el expediente de dotación de tierras del ejido de Bellavista entre 1932 y 1945. Del análisis de estos materiales se concluye que los gobiernos revolucionarios implementaron el reparto de tierras mediante la aplicación de leyes agrarias nacionales que se enfrentaron a realidades y respuestas regionales y locales muy distintas unas de otras, y el caso del ejido de Bellavista es un ejemplo de ello.

Este artículo examinará cómo la agencia opera en los mundos humanos y no-humanos en la creación y mantenimiento de la sociedad desde el punto de vista indígena. Como resultado de los procesos de colonización, las categorías esenciales de la concepción indígena del mundo (lo femenino y la tierra) han sido corrompidas desconectándose en las sociedades indígenas en cuanto a la manifestación de su forma de agencia. A través de una comparación entre la separación epistemológico-ontológica occidental y la concepción indígena del Lugar-Pensamiento, este artículo argumentará que la agencia se ha adjudicado erróneamente solamente a los humanos, suprimiendo la agencia no-humana constitutiva de una sociedad. Esto se logra en parte mitologizando las historias indígenas del origen y disociando los actos de comunicación, de elaboración de tratados y acuerdos históricos que los humanos han llevado a cabo con el mundo animal, con el mundo del cielo, con el mundo de los espíritus, etc. Para que el colonialismo sea operativo, debe intentar hacer que los pueblos indígenas se descrediten a sí mismos y a sus historias. Este artículo intenta reafirmar la conexión sagrada entre lugar, lo no-humano y lo humano en un intento por acceder a la “mente pre-colonial”.

Se aborda la manera como se configuraron los derechos de propiedad en Antigua Guatemala, con base en la hipótesis de que esa municipalidad fue un gobierno que enarboló valores liberales en un marco orgánico de Antiguo Régimen. De igual modo, se estudia cómo el cabildo institucionalizó las prácticas informales que la población tenía sobre la tierra, lo que le daba una ventaja sobre el conjunto de actores racionales que se desenvolvían en esa localidad. El trabajo está fundamentado en el acervo que resguarda el Archivo Histórico de la Ciudad de Antigua Guatemala y cruza el conjunto de patrones encontrados en esa documentación con el planteamiento teórico propuesto por Elinor Ostrom sobre el gobierno de los bienes comunes. A lo largo del texto se observa que el gobierno local, en aras de mantener el control sobre las tierras, promovió de manera indirecta la generación de prácticas asociadas con el liberalismo económico del que, en acciones y discursos, trataban de huir, lo cual derivó en un proceso de perfeccionamiento de la propiedad terso y sin conflictos aparentes.

RESUMEN La disputa por la tierra se ha convertido en un tema relevante para la política argentina en el siglo XX. Poseedores históricos, propietarios y desposeídos son los actores que participan en la trama. Atravesando el juego, se encuentra el Estado en sus distintos niveles, que con cierta autonomía relativa, regula a favor de unos y en detrimento de otros. Este trabajo se propone aportar datos empíricos sobre algunas tensiones territoriales en la provincia de San Juan y el rol del Estado y sus contradicciones en los distintos niveles. El caso gira en torno a la disputa por la tierra, generando tensiones políticas entre propiedad privada y propiedad comunitaria, o entre el derecho civil y los derechos emanados de la Constitución Nacional, los Tratados Internacionales y la Ley de Bosques Nativos N° 26.331. ABSTRACT The fight about lands has been became in a relevant situation for the argentine politics in the 20th century, the historic owners, and dispossessed are the most important actors. The state through its different levels has a certain kind of autonomy and regulate and take actions which tend to favor some social groups and damage others. In this work is proposed give some empirical facts about territorial tensions in the province of San Juan, its role and contradictions in its different levels. The case revolves around the land dispute, generating political tensions between private property and communal property, or between civil law and rights arising out of the National Constitution, international treaties and Native Forest Law, No. 26.331.

El texto refiere a la tenencia de la tierra por parte de los indios quienes a la falta de ésta se ven obligados a emigrar a las ciudades. En el Ecuador el 1.5 de los propietarios dispone del 47 por ciento de las tierras cultivables. El 74 por ciento de los propietarios, dispone del 10 por ciento de las tierras cultivables. Se incluye un programa alternativo para equilibrar esta situación presentando la experiencia del Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio -FEPP-.

El carácter agrario de la revolución en Chihuahua ha generado un debate interesante entre aquellos que argumentan que el componente agrario fue el centro del levanta-miento y de aquellos que afirman que no fue factor decisivo. Lo cierto es que todavía falta mucho por investigar y analizar en ese sentido. En este artículo se desglosan las propuestas y argumentos de las dos posturas y con base en otros elementos, a lo largo del texto, se hace una serie de preguntas con el propósito de tratar de trazar rutas de investigación que arrojen más claridad sobre el papel que jugó el aspecto de la tierra en la contienda revolucionaria.

Este texto es producto de una reflexión en torno al complejo fenómeno de ladesamortización de las tierras de las comunidades indígenas, impulsado por losgobiernos liberales defensores de las tesis federalistas, en las repúblicas de Méxicoy la Nueva Granada o Colombia, durante las décadas de 1850 y 1870. Desde unaperspectiva amplia, el artículo busca analizar, comparativamente, el proceso dedesamortización de las tierras comunitarias indígenas, en algunas regiones de estospaíses, buscando resaltar las semejanzas y las diferencias experimentadas, tanto en eldiseño, como en la ejecución de las legislaciones. Las alteraciones que sufrieron losplanes originales podrán revelar las dificultades que caracterizaron la implementaciónde dichas políticas y la complejidad de los resultados alcanzados.

Colombia's eastern plains contain two super-giant oilfields. Sitting on one of those fields is El Morro: a sub-municipal and semi-independent rural zone of Yopal, capital of the department of Casanare. Colombia's governmental decentralization of the early 1990s allowed El Morro's Association of Community Action Boards some autonomy over government of their labor in the hydrocarbon industry and over the lands that are fundamental to their agricultural practices. Most residents of El Morro depend on a combination of agriculture and the hydrocarbon industry for household income. Synthesizing research on sub-national hydrocarbon governance and politics with seminal social science theory on government and capitalism, this article analyzes how residents and small-scale government of El Morro developed and implemented an effective practice of local hydrocarbon politics based on selective and strategic acceptance of the hydrocarbon industry. The locally-operating hydrocarbon company, partially-owned by the state, seems intent on projecting its benevolence and dedication to community and to rural spaces where hydrocarbons are produced. In response, the workers/peasant farmers of El Morro frame labor and land in El Morro not as mere factors of production, but as complex cultural and spatial processes upon which the hydrocarbon industry depends. By doing so, the residents of El Morro have shifted the actions of both company and state in their favor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

North American soybean farmers have responded to farmland inaccessibility in the US Midwest by purchasing and operating large soybean farms in western Bahia, Brazil. They have turned to “flexible farming” and flexible crops, labor, and land that are commodified, replaceable, and alienated from social and physical relations. Nevertheless, temporalities of farming survive, redefined in terms of progress and backwardness, and new materialities and models of farming emerge. This emergent agrarianism is flexible in terms of fungible means of production and farmer subjectivities that push the boundaries of “family farming.” The detachment and mobility of things and people in global agricultural production disrupts rural life and generates values and practices as farmers engage with the land and make meaning out of transnational farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fundamental cause of the violence in Colombia has been the inequality in the division of the land, one of the most unequal in the world. Regarding this issue, the Colombian state has had two perspectives: either they have been wrong or have been conceived in a malicious way to favor a minority, in detriment of the peasant conglomerate. Such foolishness or insanity has had a violent expression that might be stopped through public development and in the long term through the Havana Peace Accords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policy of land during the first Peronism addressed different social demands, one of them was the regularization of land. The national and provincial institutions will plan public policies tending to benefit the settlers, granting titles of property, concessions for sale or provisional. The article analyzes the continuities and ruptures of land policy between the Territorio Nacional del Chaco and the Provincia Presidente Perón. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)