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We explore how access to Head Start affects maternal labor supply. By relaxing childcare constraints, public preschools like Head Start might lead mothers to reallocate time among employment, childcare, and other activities. Using the 1990s enrollment and funding expansions and the 2002 Head Start Impact Study randomized controlled trial, we show that Head Start increases short-run employment and wage earnings of single mothers without reducing quality parent-child interactions. Even before including long-run benefits to children, the short-run benefit to single mothers and the government is $0.93 per dollar. Head Start is a family-level treatment with impacts beyond children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cities, Communities & Territories / Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios is the property of Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, DINAMIA-CET and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, crowdfunding offers various benefits in supporting entrepreneurs to begin or expand their businesses. This unique financial concept has become a new alternative source of business funding. Crowdfunding can support certain groups of entrepreneurs, particularly single mother entrepreneurs, as they have experienced challenges accessing funds from government agencies or financial institutions. This study explores the potential of Islamic crowdfunding as an alternative source of funds for this group. The data are obtained through semi-structured interviews with eleven experts in related fields based on a qualitative research approach. This study found that single mothers can be successful entrepreneurs as far as they are provided with training, funding and monitoring. Islamic crowdfunding can be potential alternative funding to support their business through various instruments like mudharabah, infaq and qard, depending on business projects and the background of entrepreneurs. Although the number of respondents for this study is still limited because of the qualitative design, it has enriched the current literature on crowdfunding and proposed several Islamic crowdfunding models to support single mother entrepreneurs in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the life-time measures and trends of children's experiences in single-parent and two-parent families in Russia and France, within the context of generations. The study was conducted using two panel waves of GGS-Russia (2004, 2007) and GGS-France (2005, 2008). The results indicate that despite the Second Demographic Transition starting later in Russia than in France, and with approximately equal proportions of children born to single mothers, Russian children born in intact families are more likely to live in single-parent families later in life than French children. However, children born outside of a union in Russia have an advantage over French children in terms of their experiences and time spent living in two-parent families. The study of intergenerational dynamics reveals an obvious trend in Russia of an increase, from generation to generation, in the time such children spend living in two-parent families, while the same indicator in France has remained practically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In the UK, the population of homelessness and housing insecurity is increasing among families headed by mothers. The unique stressors of housing insecurity and living in accommodations ill-suited to long-term dwellings increase mental distress for mothers and children. Community engagement interventions present a public health opportunity to alleviate adverse outcomes for vulnerable families. Aim: To synthesise and evaluate evidence of the impact of community engagement interventions in supporting the mental well-being of mothers and children living under housing insecure conditions. To synthesise the components of community engagement interventions as a public health intervention in alleviating mental well-being and non-health outcomes of mothers and children living under housing insecurity. Methods: A systematic search of five online bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health and Child Development & Adolescent Studies) and grey literature (Carrot2) was conducted in May 2022. Primary studies with community engagement components and housing-insecure single-mother families were included. Intervention data was extracted using the TIDieR checklist and a community engagement keywording tool. The studies' quality was critically appraised using the MetaQAT framework. Results: Ten studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified, across two countries (USA & UK). Data from the studies reported positive significant effects for health and personal maternal outcomes in addition to higher positive effects for child health outcomes (e.g., decrease in depression symptoms). Interventions targeting social support and self-efficacy demonstrated potential to improve maternal and child outcomes via the maternal-child relationship. Community engagement at the design, delivery and evaluation intervention stages increased the level of community engagement, however there were tentative links to directly improving mental well-being outcomes. Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest that community engagement may be applied as an effective intervention in supporting the mental well-being of mothers and children living under housing insecurity. Proposed intervention effectiveness may be achieved via psychosocial pathways such as improved maternal self-efficacy and social support. However, more embedded long-term process evaluations of these interventions are needed to establish maintenance of these observed benefits and to understand to what extent the findings apply to the UK context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caroline A. Kendrick (1858-1933?)--the maternal grandmother of actor and singer Nelson Eddy (1901-1967)--was a prominent Philadelphia soprano at the turn of the twentieth century. Her performing repertoire included operatic arias, concert music, religious music and popular ballads. She is remembered today by record collectors for two 1903 recordings she made for the Columbia Phonograph Co. Kendrick was deserted by her husband in 1897, when she became essentially a single mother who relied on her vocal career to support a teenage daughter (Eddy's mother) and an 11-year-old son. The caring support she gave to her grandson during a critical period in his teenage years--coupled with her musical knowledge as a professional singer and voice teacher--strongly implies that she had an important influence on his future success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study is to examine the association between cognitive abilities and financial resilience among millennial single parents. This study examines the role of cognitive abilities on financial resilience after controlling for key demographic variables – gender, age, university degree, employment status and staying with parents. Design/methodology/approach: Using the ordered logit regression approach, the authors analyzed results for 395 single parents (237 single mothers and 159 single fathers) aged 31 to 40 in India. Financial resilience is measured using economic resources, financial resources, financial knowledge and behavior, and social capital. The authors further provide several robustness tests to validate their findings. The results are controlled for state-fixed effects. Findings: The authors find a significant impact of single parents' cognitive abilities on their financial resilience. This study also found that gender, age, university degree, employment status and staying with parents influence single parents' financial resilience. Single mothers are found to have higher levels of both cognitive abilities and financial resilience scores than single fathers. Practical implications: Financial institutions, marketers and financial advisors can find innovative ways to increase the financial resilience of single parents by improving their cognitive ability. Also, policymakers should focus on interventions to increase single parents' education level to increase their financial resilience and provide policy support to those without any parental support system. Originality/value: This study extends the literature on financial resilience in two directions – by establishing a relationship between cognitive abilities and financial resilience and studying the financial resilience of a vulnerable societal section-millennial single parents. The study also extends the literature on single parents' financial vulnerability by establishing a relationship between key demographic variables and their financial resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connecting streams of feminist and comparative social policy literature, this article investigates stratification in maternal employment and childcare use along class, contractual, and gender lines across six countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and five family policy models. Detailing the different stratifying factors that intervene in the relation between maternal employment and childcare use offers a concrete analysis of the complex link between social reproduction and work. Employing multivariate regressions and EU-SILC (2007–2018) data, it provides an intersectional perspective to the literature. First, we observe a process of formalization in childcare use with a parallel reduction of nonformal care for couples; this process is slower for single mothers. Second, we document a paradox in relation to the social investment approach: the relation between childcare use and maternal employment is stronger in countries that recently expanded childcare to modify their male-breadwinner orientation, but in these countries childcare use is more stratified along class/contract types, a concern for the outcomes of social investment strategies outside of Scandinavia. Being out of work, being in a lower social class, fulfilling domestic tasks and/or care activities, and having an atypical contract negatively correlates with childcare use in most countries. Third, households where partners have more similar earning levels use childcare to a greater extent. The article also provides models employing different dependent and independent variables, alternative family structures, full and part-time work, formal and nonformal childcare, and rich country details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lockdown measures during COVID-19 have presented increased challenges in the home and family responsibilities. Single mothers may face unique challenges as they may be isolated from external family supports. Changes on a 19-item home and family work role survey pre- and post-COVID were tested with a paired t-test and sign test; the impact of age and people in the home was assessed using linear regression. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 6/19 post-COVID-19 family responsibilities. In comparison to pre-COVID-19, post-COVID-19 single mothers reported a statistically significant median increase in family responsibilities (Mdn =.0000), p <.041. Each additional person living in the home was associated with a decrease in family responsibilities (B = -13.1, 95% CI [-21.943, -4.247]). Changes in the home and family responsibilities confirm that COVID-19 led to increased unpaid work to fulfill home and family responsibilities among single mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, using data from the 2003–2019 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), we investigate whether changes in the minimum wage have impacted time allocation to children among low-educated mothers and fathers. Relying on geographic and temporal variation in minimum wage changes across US states, we investigate the impacts of minimum wage increases on total time spent at home with children, time spent on primary childcare, and time spent on enriching childcare activities. Our results indicate that an increase in the minimum wage has a large positive effect on the time low-educated mothers spend on primary childcare and enriching time, with no effect among low-educated fathers. We find that Black mothers with less than a high school education see the biggest gains, with an increase in time spent on childcare and time spent on enriching childcare activities by 13.8 and 15.8 min per day, respectively, for each $1 increase in the minimum wage. We also see that single mothers' time investment is largely unaffected by minimum wage changes, suggesting that there are still considerable income constraints facing these families. Lastly, we see that less educated families with children under the age of 7 significantly increase time spent on primary childcare and enriching time from minimum wage increases, given that they may not have the ability to afford private childcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, single-parent families are proliferating. In particular, women are taking the lead in assuming the role. They are the most vulnerable of all the disadvantaged groups. Due to an absence of financial and social support, single mothers endure a great deal of emotional strain. So, the aim of the study is to investigate the various psychosocial factors that influence the well-being of single mothers. Additionally, this research seeks to assess the coping strategies employed by single mothers. This article reviews 80 studies on psychosocial concerns faced by single mothers, focusing on mental health, challenges, and social support. It cites 71 publications from 80 sources from Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, between 1980 and 2023. The study used keywords as a search strategy such as “single mother,” “mental health,” “challenges,” and “social support.” The results showed that the absence of financial resources, education, and social support had a negative impact on the emotional and social well-being of single mothers. Children of single mothers are more likely to struggle with addictions like alcoholism, tobacco use, delinquency, hazardous sexual behavior, and even suicidal thoughts due to dysfunctional parenting. As a result, single mothers use their religious convictions, support networks, and social networks as coping mechanisms. The study implies that premarital counseling and health education are essential for young couples to prevent family disintegration in the event of divorce and separation. To provide assistance and improve the overall quality of life for this vulnerable population, collaboration between government and nongovernment organizations is necessary.

Background: Historically, in South Africa (SA), single motherhood has been part of the landscape and continues to increase. Disability in children is also increasing, yet it remains under-researched. Mothers are often left to raise their children with a disability alone, yet their voiced maternal experiences continue to largely be unheard, particularly in SA. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of single mothers raising a child with a disability in SA. Furthermore, the aim was to explore how these mothers navigate their complex realities and practice of mothering, and to amplify the voices of mothers. Finally, the study sought to shed light on the particular contextual factors that affect single maternal experiences in caring for a child with a disability. Method: Twelve South African single mothers raising a child with a disability between the ages of 7 years and 18 years were individually interviewed in this exploratory interpretivist study. Thematic analysis was utilised on the data. Results: The four themes highlight the complex, multi-level strain of raising a child with a disability, which has had a significant impact on the social, financial and emotional facets of single mothers’ lives. Conclusion and contribution: The findings of the study are important for developing a thorough understanding of the needs of single mothers in this specific context as well as their daily experiences as mothers of children with disabilities. These needs include the necessity of psychosocial support and equipping single mothers with accurate knowledge about their child’s disability so that they can make better accommodations for themselves and their child.

To Seelig's absorbing apocrypha we can now add the first English biography of Walser, Susan Bernofsky's superb I Clairvoyant of the Small: The Life of Robert Walser i . But it was mental healthcare that took a toll on Walser, and by then German publishers, decimated by the Nazi dictatorship, had lost one of his novels, while Walser destroyed another. When W. G. Sebald, who wrote the appreciation of Walser from which Bernofsky takes her title, wrote out his Suffolk walking excursion as I The Rings of Saturn i ( I Die Ringe des Saturns i ), he was extending Walser's featherlight excursus into a leaden tome. Though Robert Musil declared Franz Kafka to be "a special case of the Walser type", it is Robert Walser who still gets justified as a special case of the Kafka type. [Extracted from the article]

Prolonged infant crying can be a trigger for maternal frustration and can even predict intrusive infant-related thoughts of harm. In this study, we compared frustration responses to prolonged infant crying between single and partnered mothers and attempted to identify variables that mediated any difference between the two groups. We also identified acoustic characteristics of infant cries that were related to higher levels of reported maternal frustration. Twenty-five single and 25 partnered mothers with infants under the age of 6 months completed several mental health questionnaires, and then rated their frustration level after listening to each of 50 consecutive 15s infant cry videos from 50 different infants. As expected, greater maternal perceived stress was associated with higher frustration ratings in response to infant crying, and this was mediated by increased maternal negative affect. Also as expected, both financial strain and low social support were associated with greater perceived stress. However, our sample of single mothers did not experience more stress than our sample of partnered mothers. Nor did they find infant crying to be more frustrating, perhaps due to a recruitment bias toward higher functioning single mothers. Finally, several cry acoustic characteristics were associated with increased maternal frustration, including higher fundamental frequency, air energy, shimmer and longer duration of expiratory phonations, as well as a longer cumulative duration of crying. Our results suggest that maternal frustration in response to infant crying may be decreased by lowering maternal stress levels, and this may be achieved by increasing social support and decreasing financial strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show how race, gender, class, and other identity markers intersect to oppress, control and discipline poor and illegalized single migrant mothers and pregnant women from the Global South. The article draws on evidence from three ethnographic studies conducted between 2008 and 2017 to shed light on the predicaments of mothers and pregnant women excluded from the welfare safety-net, who were flying under the radar due to the fear of deportation. It shows how (cr)immigration controls render women vulnerable to victimization and harm. The second part of the article addresses imprisonment and punishment, treatment by the criminal justice system, and separation from children placed in foster care. The evidence strongly suggests that controls in Britain disrupt the core principles of reproductive justice, including reproductive autonomy and health, and to parent children in a safe and healthy environment without fear of retaliation from the government. This is being termed as racist-gendered state violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores single-mothers' experiences regarding the schooling of their children. Because most research on home-school relations has been derived from samples of two-parent families, little is known about single parents' perspectives on their children's education. Drawing on in-depth interviews with eight single mothers in Hong Kong using a textural sociological approach, this article illuminates the essential, hard-to-capture qualities of single-mothers' everyday lives focusing on how they manage childrearing priorities, how they rationalize their childrearing beliefs and practices, and how they navigate relationships with their children's teachers, schools and the wider community. The implications include identifying ways for schools and teachers to support single-mother families in their children's education. The study also extends the existing literature on home-school relations providing a textural understanding of diverse family lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children of single mothers face higher rates of poverty than children in two-parent households in practically every affluent democracy. While this difference is widely acknowledged, there is little consensus regarding the causes of their poverty and, as a result, little consensus on the best way to address poverty among these children. Explanations include both individual-level, structural, and political explanations in four areas: family structure, labor force activity, economic performance, and welfare generosity. Previous research, however, tends to focus on only one of these four aspects at a time. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, spanning a period of 31 years and 25 countries, I test each of these four explanations, examining the effects on children in single mother households separately (n = 105,814) and children in both single mother households and children in two-parent households (n = 668,549), conducting random intercept between-within logistic regression analysis. Individual-level measures of family structure and labor market activity affect child poverty generally in the expected way. Taking advantage of the longitudinal data at the country level, I focus on within-country change of the structural and political variables. Within-country economic performance is not significantly related to poverty, but welfare generosity, namely family allowances, significantly reduce the odds of poverty. Further, while the effects of family allowance spending are similar for children in both single mother and two parent households, they are stronger for the former than the latter. Yet, the disadvantage of living in a single mother household persists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine Home Safety Hero an innovative serious game simulation designed to train parents on home safety risks and how to resolve those risks. The aim of this research was to compare whether the reaction times for multiple plays of Home Safety Hero would improve identification, with or without distraction, and resolution of hazards would improve when compared to single play. Participants were 19 parenting teens (Mage = 17.66 years, SDage = 0.80 years; 100% female) who completed questionnaires on their demographics, frequency of game use, and their engagement with the game simulation and content. Teens were divided into two groups, one (n = 8) that played the game once and the second (n = 11) that played the game four times over a one-week period. Engagement data indicated no differences between the group of teens, suggesting that they found the game engaging even if they played it multiple times. Teens were faster at spotting risks in the home and were quicker at acting when encountering risks after playing the game four times when compared to teens in the single play group. Home Safety Hero shows promise for promoting home safety knowledge and resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to understand how differences in parenting styles between single mothers and single fathers influenced the factors related to child risk-taking behaviors. The results showed that mothers' higher level of authoritarian parenting style was related to higher levels of risk-taking for both daughters and sons. In contrast, father's higher level of permissive parenting style was related to higher levels of risk-taking for sons, but not daughters. Overall, the amount of the authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting style did not differ significantly for mothers and fathers, and risk-taking did not vary significantly for sons and daughters. Sensation-seeking was significantly higher for sons than daughters. Theoretical and practical implications regarding risk-taking development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Out-of-wedlock childbearing is a global phenomenon that has lifelong consequences on the lives of both mothers and their children. The aim of this study is to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, causes, and consequences of out-of-wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mygoma Orphanage Center (MOC) and Shamaa Rehabilitation Center (SRC) using convenience sampling among 200 participants. A validated questionnaire with 25 items was used to collect data. The data were entered into Epi-Data Manager and analyzed using the SPSS. Results: The study found that most of the single mothers in Khartoum who gave birth out of wedlock were young and had just completed their university education. Most of them discovered their pregnancy during the second or third trimester, and nearly half of them did not receive any antenatal care. The majority of the children born to these mothers were preterm and had a low birth weight. Additionally, many mothers reported experiencing social stigma and rejection from their families due to their out-of-wedlock pregnancy. The study also highlighted loneliness, stress, and romantic relations as the main causes of out-of-wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan. Conclusion: The study provides useful insights into the sociodemographic characteristics, causes, and consequences of out-of-wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan. Social stigma and lack of support were identified as significant barriers to the reintegration of single mothers and their children into society. Future research should focus on investigating the long-term effects of outof- wedlock pregnancy on mothers and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family functionality is the one that manages to conceive the general progress of each of its members; as well as a state of health, protection, and affectivity; which is the reflection of communication, cohesion, and adaptability. Family is conceived as that space of protection and development. The purpose of this study was to describe family goals from the individual perspective in households with different perceptions of household functionality in Bucaramanga and the Metropolitan area, by means of a qualitative study with a methodological design of interpretative phenomenology. According to the results, in relation to short-term goals, families want to pay off their debt, to improve their income, and in the immaterial goals, participants want to improve communication with their family members, to be more united. In the long-term, as for material goals, they want to have their own house, and in the non-material goals, they want to create a business, see their children united, share more time, and be happy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a critical-discursive perspective and using the narrative as a unit of analysis, in this article I show some linguistic strategies with which a socially discriminated group, such as Mexican single mothers, negotiates its identity, protects its face and resists dominant discourses. The strategies we focus on are the pronominalization of yo; the use of tú without a pronoun in a collective sense; and the use of the marked gender of the pronouns nosotras and una. Through different narrative extracts, elicited in semi-directed interviews with six single mothers, I illustrate the functions that these linguistic elements fulfill. The results show that pronominalization has an agentive function that is part of a face-work (Brown and Levinson 1987); the second person singular without a pronoun is a face-protecting strategy, while the use of marked gender has a differentiating function. This analysis shows that it is essential to consider the complete communicative situation in which the narratives arise in order to assign meaning to the use of such linguistic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of a child day-care system is one of the early welfare interventions targeted towards mothers and young children that over time gained great prominence in the Swedish welfare state. Because quantitative research on day-cares in historical settings is generally scarce, in this study, we focus on the determinants of day-care enrolment in southern Sweden during the early twentieth century. We use unique individual-level records of day-care attendance for children born between 1900 and 1935 which have been linked to longitudinal micro-level data for the city of Landskrona obtained from the Scanian Economic Demographic Database. Event-history techniques are employed to analyse the importance of factors such as household composition, parental socio-economic background, marital status of the mother, and mother's occupation. Of the studied children, 8% were ever enrolled in day-cares, most of them around the ages 3 to 6. The results show that the mother's marital status, household SES, number of siblings, the presence of other adult females in the household and mother's occupation are all significant determinants of day-care attendance for children. In this study, we show that in the early twentieth century in southern Sweden, day-care attendance followed a negative SES gradient and was most common among children of single mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burundi has one of the highest prevalence of stunting in the world. This study aimed to identify determinants of stunting among children under age five in Burundi. A total of 4993 children with anthropometric measurements from the 2016–2017 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey were included in the study. Stunting was assessed from the height‐for‐age Z‐scores (HAZ). Logistic regression models were analyzed to identify demographic, maternal, child‐related, and structural variables that influence stunting. In total, 56.9% of children under age five were stunted, of those 31.0% moderately and 25.9% severely. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older children, male children (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.41, 95% CI 1.24–1.61), and children who were perceived as small (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.55–2.59) or very small at birth (aOR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.57–3.59) were significantly more likely to be stunted. Moreover, children of single mothers, with lower levels of education, who were underweight at the time of the survey (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.42–2.68), who had short stature (aOR = 3.76, 95% CI 2.50–5.66) or who conceived more than four children (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42) were more commonly stunted. Stunting was more prevalent in rural areas (aOR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.72–3.73) and in households with no access to improved types of toilet facilities (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.45). The results of this study show that the prevalence of stunting in children under age five in Burundi is alarmingly high and underscores the urgent need for decisive and determined action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protections for pregnant and parenting African American students following the conclusion of the 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. Topics explored include the prohibition of discrimination based on pregnancy and parenting status of students in federally funded schools, the prevalence of ill-timed pregnancies among African American teenagers, and the support needed by single mothers.

A growing number of studies investigate the relative importance of the major deservingness criteria (control, attitude, reciprocity, identity, need) in explaining the perceived welfare deservingness of different social groups. This paper addresses the roles of those criteria in predicting the perceived deservingness of a rarely examined group, single mothers. We conducted a survey in Hungary and compare the responses to direct questions about deservingness to the results of a vignette-based survey experiment in which the deservingness criteria were translated to characteristics of hypothetical mothers. Our results show that in the absence of deservingness cues (direct questions), respondents relied on the attitude, reciprocity/control, identity (measured by traditional family values), and need criteria to the same extent. On the other hand, in the presence of specific deservingness cues (vignette experiment), people disregarded their family values and stereotypes, and the perceived need became the strongest predictor of single mothers' deservingness. These results support the existence of the deservingness heuristic, however, compared to previous literature that emphasized the role of perceived control and reciprocity of recipients, in the case of single mothers, the deservingness heuristic seems to direct people's attention to the perception of need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuevo Foro Penal is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the association of maternal and neonatal characteristics with the adherence status to the in-hospital stages of the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method ( KMC (full, partial, and no-adherence). Methods: Retrospective cohort study including infants < 2500 g admitted to a reference maternity hospital for the KMC in Rio de Janeiro from January to December 2018. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were distributed according to the adherence status to the KMC in-hospital stages. In the first stage, KMC is performed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Conventional Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit. The second stage is completed in Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit. Multinomial multiple regression was performed with KMC adherence as a three-category dependent variable and maternal and neonatal characteristics as independent variables. Results: Of 166 dyads, 102 (61.5%) participated in two stages. Those who did not participate in any stage (n = 52; 31.3%) had a lower level of education, a higher frequency of adverse conditions, and were more often single mothers; mothers who participated only in the first stage (n = 12; 7,2%) had more premature and sick infants. Conditions associated with adherence to the two stages compared to no adherence were: high school education (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.08- 5.07), presence of a partner (OR = 3.82; 95% CI = 1.7-8.61), no adverse conditions (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.59-7.89) and no neonatal resuscitation (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.22-6.1). Conclusions: The study identified maternal and neonatal conditions associated with adherence status to the KMC. The results suggest opportunities to improve adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proverbs are labelled as the expression of messages embedded in a language. This article analyses a selected proverb which reflects on motherhood and orphanhood and which is used to show the value of motherhood in the Zulu culture. The meaning of the selected proverb is profound in that it shows the value of the relationship between the mother and her child. After birth, the first person a child encounters is the mother, and through bonding and breastfeeding, the child forms its initial philosophy of life and coping mechanisms. This article expounds that breastfeeding leads to the total development of the child. A qualitative approach was used in exploring the proverb, intandane enhle ngumakhothwa unina ('A good orphan is one that is licked by the mother'), specifically to critically analyse motherhood in an African context from Sibusiso Nyembezi's book titled Zulu Proverbs. Referring to Zulu proverbs in the South African context, there is still a dearth of research in understanding the motherchild relationship during the formative years in the African context, and there is almost non-existent literature that analyses the significant role a mother plays in the early development of a child. The experiences to which a child is exposed, especially at the early stages of development, shape the way a child will view the world. This proverb encourages mothers to value their role in mothering their offspring. The article concludes that orphans and single mothers need security and stability as far as poverty is concerned as they face socio-economic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Upbringing / Wychowanie w Rodzinie is the property of Family Upbringing Editorial Board / Redakcja czasopisma Wychowanie w Rodzinie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eric Nguyen beautifully weaves the disparate histories of Vietnam, Louisiana, Haiti, and France to tell a multidimensional, multicultural, and multigenerational story of a Vietnamese American refugee family. Ben's family, who were refugees from Vietnam, befriended Addy's family, who were immigrants from Haiti, in the city of New Orleans. This scene shows that Vietnam belongs as much to Dinh-Fredric, a Black American Vietnamese boy, as it does to H ng, a Vietnamese refugee woman. [Extracted from the article]

We aimed to identify whether single mother in poverty is a risk factor for household food insecurity, anxiety, and poor quality of life and whether extreme poverty modifies this association. The study included 545 pregnant women or mothers with a monthly per capita income less than half the minimum wage. Single mother is associated with anxiety and poor quality of life in the psychological, physical, and social relationship domains, compared to mothers with a partner. Single mothers in the situation of extreme poverty had higher odds of having trait anxiety and a lower quality of life in the psychological domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]