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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the nasal findings in patients who tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and objectively evaluate the amount of nasal secretion and nasal clearance Methods: The study included 40 patients who tested positive and 40 volunteers who tested negative for COVID-19 infection The self-administered Turkish version of the sinonasal outcome test -22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used to evaluate the sinonasal findings, the nasal Schirmer test was used to evaluate the amount of nasal secretion, and the saccharin test was used to evaluate nasal clearance The results of both groups were compared Results: The SNOT-22 score averages were 23 3 +/- 14 5 and 11 2 +/- 11 7 for the COVID-19-positive group and COVID-19-negative controls, respectively In the COVID-19 positive group, SNOT-22 results were statistically significantly higher than those of the controls (p=0 001) The nasal Schirmer and nasal saccharin test results in the COVID-19-positive group were statistically significantly higher than those of the controls (p=0 002 and p=0 001) Conclusion: In patients who tested positive for COVID-19 infection, increased amounts of nasal secretion and prolonged nasal clearance time were observed They also had higher SNOT-22 scores than those of the negative controls Although these findings demonstrate that there may be changes in nasal functions in patients positive for COVID-19 infection, new studies are needed to elucidate the nasal effects in detail

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of artificial tears and warm compress with an eyelid warming mask (EWM) in alleviating dry eye syndrome (DES) in contact lens wearers Methods This study was a prospective, randomized, active-controlled trial. Participants included 81 university students aged 19 or over, who had been wearing contact lenses for more than 1 year; they were randomly categorized into three groups. In the artificial tear group, one single-use artificial tear was administered every day as needed over a period of 4 weeks. In the EWM group, participants were instructed to apply a warm compress using a disposable EWM for 30 min before bedtime daily. Participants in the control group maintained their normal lifestyle without any treatment regimen. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Schirmer test scores for all participants were checked before the experiment and after 4 weeks. Results After treatment, the EWM and artificial tears group had significantly decreased OSDI scores compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the former two groups. The post-treatment Schirmer test scores for the right eye did not differ between three groups, whereas those for the left eye were significantly higher in the two treatment groups than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the EWN and artificial tears groups. Conclusion Contact lens wearers who were instructed to apply a warm compress using EWM had significantly increased OSDI and Schirmer test scores, indicating that it has a positive effect on DES. In conclusion, applying a warm compress with EWM can be recommended as a treatment for DES in contact lens wearers who use lenses for an extended period.

A broader understanding of oral and ocular late effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may provide valuable information in follow-up and improve quality of life. Twenty-nine HNC patients treated at least 6 months earlier and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. After completing several questionnaires: Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and McMonnies Dry Eye questionnaire (MDEQ), participants underwent oral and ocular examinations. Oral examination included clinical oral dryness score (CODS) and secretion rates of unstimulated and stimulated saliva (UWS, SWS). Ocular examination included tear film break-up time, Schirmer test and ocular surface staining. The patients had more problems related to dry mouth than controls based on CODS and SXI, and more complaints of dry eye disease based on OSDI and MDEQ. UWS and SWS rates and oral health related quality of life were significantly lower in the patient group. Subjective oral dryness (SXI) correlated significantly with subjective ocular dryness (OSDI and MDEQ). Our study demonstrates that HNC patients treated with IMRT experience late effects in terms of xerostomia and ocular dryness underlining the importance of interdisciplinary approach in the evaluation and follow-up of HNC patients.

To compare the proportions of patients satisfying Korean dry eye guidelines and Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) diagnostic criteria and to describe the clinical characteristics and practice patterns of dry eye patients in Korea. Prospective observational study. This study enrolled 160 patients, with 158 patients analyzed. ADES guidelines were applied to dry eye patients satisfying the Korean dry eye guidelines. Risk factors for dry eye (e.g. visual display terminal [VDT] use) were evaluated. Dry eye subtypes were categorized as aqueous-deficient or evaporative. Objective signs (e.g. corneal and keratoconjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time [TBUT], and Schirmer test) and symptoms (Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score [DEQS] and Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] questionnaire) were evaluated. Treatment patterns were also recorded. Patients (mean age 43.1 years) were mainly women (85.4%), with a high proportion (77.2%) of VDT users. Concordance between Korean and ADES guidelines was high (94.3%), with most patients (94.3%) having tear film instability (TBUT ≤ 5 s). Evaporative dry eye occurred in 60.1% and aqueous-deficient in 39.9% of cases. Objective signs were significantly better in evaporative than in aqueous-deficient dry eye. The DEQS bothersome ocular symptoms’ score was significantly higher in VDT users than in non-users. OSDI symptom severity and DEQS were significantly correlated (p

AIM: To investigate the concentration of leptin in tears and its correlation with dry eye symptoms and signs. METHODS: The study enrolled individuals (n=39) responding to an advertising or dry eye patients (n=58) from the Ophthalmology Department. Tear samples were collected for leptin concentration measuring. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break up time (TBUT), cornea fluorescein staining, Schirmer test (ST) and impression cytology (IC) were assessed. Leptin concentration in tears of dry eye patients and healthy controls, and its correlation with clinical features of dry eye disease (DED) were analyzed. RESULTS: Age, body mass index (BMI), OSDI scores and cornea fluorescein staining scores showed a negative correlation with leptin concentration in tears (r=-0.340, P=0.001; r=-0.332, P=0.001; r=-0.258, P=0.011; r=-0.424, P

Introduction. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, characterized by changes in its homeostasis and accompanied by ocular symptoms, the etiology of which is associated with destabilization of the tear film, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, damage to the structures of the ocular surface and neurosensory disorders.Objective. To study the effect of a drug containing plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (PDTP, SkQ1) on dynamics of osmolarity and reparative properties of the cornea.Materials and methods. The study included 23 patients (46 eyes) aged 23 to 49 years. All patients presented complaints of dryness, burning sensation, cramps and discomfort in the eyes, increased sensitivity with instillation of drops, periodic blurred vision. Patients underwent standard and special ophthalmic examinations. The patients were divided into two groups comparable in gender and quantitative composition.Results. Based on the results of the examination at the starting visit, all patients were diagnosed with DES mild or moderate study. After one week of therapy, a significant decrease in subjective complaints was noted patients who received the drug with PDTF. All patients tolerated the drug well. In the group of patients who received a tear replacement therapy with hypromellose, in most patients, while complaints of dryness persist, decreased a feeling of pain in the eyes. A month later, complaints persisted only in patients of this group, but their intensity was known significantly reduced compared to the visit after a week. Against the background of therapy with the drug with PDTP, significant improvement of the Schirmer test, Norn test and corneal staining, as well as with the help of a in vivo confocal microscopy shows a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a positive effect of PDTP on the structure of the ocular surface even with its short-term use due to its keratoprotective and anti-inflammatory action.

Penurunan jumlah refleks berkedip berperan terhadap rendahnya produksi air mata dan secara temporer menimbulkan stres pada kornea dan mengakibatkan mata kering. Untuk mengurangi kemugkinan terjadinya mata kering ketika menggunakan komputer, dianjurkan untuk lebih sering berkedip untuk menjaga kelembaban permukaan okular. Refleks berkedip yang tidak sempurna juga ditemukan pada pengguna komputer yang juga berdampak terhadap stabilitas air mata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil uji schirmer test I sebelum dan sesudah 2 jam penggunaan komputer. Jenis Penelitian dengan Pre dan Post sebelum dan sesudah 2 jam menggunakan komputer secara cross sectional dengan metode penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dengan metode perhitungan Uji Wilcoxon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Tes Schirmer dan Lembar Observasional. Hasil penelitian di dapat bahwa 23 orang (76.7%) sesudah 2 jam menggunakan komputer dikategorikan mengalami Non Dry Eye, kemudian sebanyak 3 orang (10.0%) dikategorikan mengalami Dry Eye Ringan dan 7 orang (13.3%) dikategorikan Dry Eye Sedang dari jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Terdapat perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan komputer (p=0.03). Disarankan agar tidak menggunakan komputer pada jam istirahat mengistirahatkan mata, mengatur tingkat kesilauan komputer, dan mengatur jarak pandang ke layar.

Purpose: Plaque therapy is a well-recognized treatment for intraocular tumors. In current study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the short-term effects of ruthenium 106 (Ru-106) plaque therapy on the cornea and ocular surface parameters. Methods: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma which undergone Ru-106 plaque therapy from 2016 to 2018 were included. Tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time, Schirmer test I, fluorescein dye staining based on Oxford staining method; Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and corneal specular microscopy were performed. These tests were assessed preoperatively and then 3 months postoperatively. Results: The mean (±SD) age of subjects was 48.52 ± 15.18 years. The patients were followed for a mean(±SD) period of 3.64 ± 2.40 months. Total mean (+SD) delivered radiation dose to the tumor apex and total received radiation by the sclera was 83.20 ± 26.31 and 640.65 ± 472.69 Gray (Gy), respectively. In longitudinal analysis, OSDI score and Oxford staining score increased significantly (P = 0.002 for both variables) and the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) increased from 20% preoperatively to 72% at 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.001).The changes in the all specular microscopy parameters were statistically nonsignificant (all P values > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a considerable increase in the rate of DED following plaque therapy for the treatment of choroidal melanoma in short-term follow-up. The OSDI questionnaire and fluorescein staining test are valuable tools for early detection of DED postoperatively.

Background The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the ocular surface before and after phacoemulsification with small incisions and to examine the changes in tear osmolarity. Methods This was a prospective, observational study involving 55 eyes of 39 patients (19 male, 20 female patients; average age 72.0±7.3 years) who had cataract surgery at a Nippon Medical School Hospital between December 2013 and June 2018. Compromised tear dynamics were determined by the Schirmer test or the tear break-up time (BUT). An abnormal ocular surface was identified by positive vital staining with fluorescein or lissamine green. Moreover, tear osmolarity (Tosm) and corneal sensitivity were measured. All assessments were done preoperatively and 1 and 4 weeks (P1W and P4W) after the surgery. Results None of the operations had any complications. Operating time was 17.8±9.3 minutes. BUT was significantly decreased at P1W, and it recovered at P4W. The Schirmer test did not change significantly. The fluorescein staining score (FSS) increased significantly at P1W and recovered at P4W. The Lissamine green score (LSS) did not change significantly. Tear osmolarity increased significantly at P1W and did not recover at P4W. Corneal sensitivity decreased significantly at P1W and recovered at P4W. Conclusion In the present study, there were temporary changes in dry eye-related examinations including tear osmolarity after cataract surgery. In particular, tear osmolarity increased significantly 4 weeks after surgery compared to before surgery, and it showed long-term changes, unlike other factors. After cataract surgery, tear osmolarity, BUT, and FSS increase, resulting in dry eye symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to discomfortable eye symptoms of patients after cataract surgery.

La Queratoconjuntivitis Seca en caninos es una de las patologías más subdiagnósticada, un problema que se acentúa más en países como Nicaragua, donde la práctica clínica veterinaria aún es incipiente, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Queratoconjuntivitis Seca, aplicando la prueba de Schirmer en 28 perros de múltiples razas, que fueron estudiados durante una jornada en un barrio de la ciudad de Managua. Se obtuvo 7 casos positivos (25%, IC 95%: 7.17-4.82) a Queratoconjuntivitis Seca unilateral, predominando entre ellos la raza Criolla 4/10, Pitbull 2/7, Chow Chow 1/2, mientras que en las razas Dóberman, French Poodle, Husky Siberiano, Labrador, Pastor Alemán y Pequinés no se encontró positividad, el sexo no fue un factor predisponente ya que en hembras fueron positivas 2/13 y en machos 5/15 (p≥0.05), la media de película lacrimal en perros jóvenes fue de 18.4 mm y en adultos fue de 21.0 mm mostrando diferencia significativa (p=0.049). Este estudio resalta la necesidad de incluir en la clínica diaria el chequeo oftalmológico en caninos con exámenes complementarios para la detección temprana de Queratoconjuntivitis Seca.

Background: Dry eye is a “multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface”. Symptoms of dry eye, which include visual disturbances and pain/dysesthesias, have been found to negatively impact quality of life. Aim of Study: To assess the presence of ocular surface Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in dry eye by Infla-mmaDry® test. Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study included a total of 40 eyes with dryness. This study was involved patients visiting outpatient clinic in Qalawoon Hospital from December 2018 till May 2019. The tear film was analyzed for MMP-9 by InflammaDry®test, symptoms and signs of dry eye disease were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), corneal staining, Schirmer and Meibomian gland examination. Results: Mean age of the study population was 39.45 years ±9.06 SD (range 30-60), sixty five percent of study population were females. Mean of Ocular Surface Disease Index was 23.05±5.00 SD (14-33 range), Schirmer test mean was 4.60mm/5 minutes ± 2.11 SD (1-8mm/5min range), Tear Breakup Time mean was 5.40 seconds ±1.61 SD (3-9 range) and corneal staining mean was 2.45±0.68 SD (2-4 range). Seventy five percent of the study population had Meibomian glad dysfunction. There was a highly statistically significant correlation between InflammaDry® results and Meibomian glands dysfunction. There were statistically non-significant correlations between Ocular surface disease index, Schirmer test results, tear breakup time, corneal staining and positive results of InflammaDry®test. Conclusion: There is direct correlation between inflam-mation and dry eye disease. Also, Matrix metalloproteinase testing in dry eye disease is a valuable new diagnostic tool to identify the presence of ocular surface inflammation.

Purpose Dry eye symptoms after conventional cataract surgery are a very common problem. Until now, only few data are available on objective tear film parameters in regard to femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (LCS). Aim of this study was therefore to analyze and compare tear film parameter changes between LCS and conventional cataract surgery. Methods A consecutive group of 34 patients, scheduled for cataract surgery, were randomly selected for either LCS or conventional cataract surgery (17 patients/group). Tear film assessments including tear film osmolarity, Schirmer test, MMP-9 analysis via quantitative ELISA, corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated pre- as well as 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results Both groups showed no significant difference in baseline characteristics. All surgeries were performed without any complications. After 1 and 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference in regard to tear film osmolarity (1 month: p = 0.81, 3 months: p = 1.0), Schirmer test (1 month: p = 0.35, 3 month: p = 0.08), and MMP-9 concentration (1 month: p = 0.36, 3 month: p = 0.28) between the two groups. Conclusions Neither LCS nor conventional cataract surgery affected objective tear film parameters significantly during our 3-month postoperative observation period. Hence, both surgical techniques can be equally used to treat patients without prior dry eye symptoms.

Traditional diagnostic tests for dry eye disease (DED), such as fluorescein tear film break-up time and the Schirmer test, are often associated with poor reproducibility and reliability, which make the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of the disease challenging. Advances in ocular imaging technology enables objective and reproducible measurement of changes in the ocular surface, tear film, and optical quality associated with DED. In this review, the authors will discuss the application of various imaging techniques, such as, noninvasive tear break-up time, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, meibography, interferometry, aberrometry, thermometry, and tear film imager in DED. Many studies have shown these devices to correlate with clinical symptoms and signs of DED, suggesting the potential of these imaging modalities as alternative tests for diagnosis and monitoring of the condition.

BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliative material is being implicated in causing tear film abnormalities, and the aim of the present study was to prove it and to compare with the normal healthy participants. METHODS: A total of 398 eyes of 200 participants were studied, and two groups were formed. The first, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) group, included 198 eyes of 100 patients, and the second, age-matched control group, included 200 eyes of 100 participants. Tear film abnormalities were compared in the two groups by tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer test I, Schirmer test II and tear film break-up time (TBUT). RESULTS: On comparing the two groups using independent t-test, a significant difference was found in Schirmer test I, Schirmer test II, and TBUT between the PEXS group (Schirmer test I: 23.98 ± 10.68 mm, Schirmer test II: 17.11 ± 8.78 mm, and TBUT: 9.778 ± 5.54 s) and the age-matched control group (Schirmer test I: 27.08 ± 9.58 mm, Schirmer test II: 19.98 ± 8.48 mm, and TBUT: 13.495 ± 5.65 s) (p = 0.003 [Schirmer test I]; p = 0.001 [Schirmer test II]; and p

Background Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease that causes changes in the tear film and occurs more frequently in women. Sex hormones (SHs) influence tear production, and SHs imbalance is associated with DES. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that can bind to SHs receptors, changing the SHs action in several organs and tissues. Methods The levels of 21 EDCs were measured in the urine of DES patients and healthy controls. All individuals were submitted to eye exams for DES and responded to the questionnaire “Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)”. DES was considered present when the OSDI score was >20 and one of the DES tests surpassed the established thresholds. Results Methyl-protocatechuic acid (OHMeP), had higher urine levels in DES individuals than in control individuals (p = 0.0189). On the other hand, triclocarban (TCC) exhibited lower urine levels in DES individuals than in control individuals (p = 0.0081). Statistically significant positive associations were found between Methyl Paraben (MeP), EtP (ethyl paraben) and OHMeP with fluorescein staining test; between TCC and Tear breakup time test and between OHMeP and OSDI score. Significant negative associations were found between EtP and OHMeP and schirmer test; between OHMeP and Tear breakup time test; between TCC and the OSDI score and fluorescein and lissamine staining test.The quadratic discriminant function classified 94.4% of individuals in their groups based on the urine levels of EDCs. Conclusion The following EDCs, MeP, EtP, and OHMeP, were associated with signs and symptoms of DES. TCC had a paradoxical protective effect against DES. These findings suggest that EDCs are associated with DES and the exposure should be included in the investigation of causes and risk factors for DES.

Introduction: Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous disorder with non specific and variable ocular manifestations. Ocular rosacea is often underdiagnosed, despite the potential for serious sight threatening sequelae. Aim: The study was designed to determine the incidence of ocular disease among the population of rosacea patients along with evaluating the presence of eye dryness in both the patients and controls using Schirmer 1 test. It correlated the severity of ocular disease with the severity of cutaneous rosacea. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with facial rosacea were enrolled and evaluated with thorough history, physical and ophthalmological examination for ocular rosacea. Schirmer’s test was performed on all patients with ocular rosacea and controls. Results: Out of 72 patients with facial rosacea, 30 (41.62%) were diagnosed with ocular rosacea. On the Schirmer test, ocular rosacea patients had statistically significant lower value than the control group. There was also a statistically significant difference between mean Schirmer test values of male patients and controls and female patients and controls. Conclusion: Symptoms of ocular rosacea are not always specific hence underdiagnosed. Ocular features of rosacea in patients presenting with mere cutaneous findings should not be overlooked. Keywords: Ocular, Rosacea, Schirmer’s test.

The results of corneal graft disease treatment using low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate are presented.The study included 19 patients (20 eyes) aged 24 to 87 years, who developed graft disease after keratoplasty because of chronic dystrophic corneal diseases. The severity of symptoms during treatment was evaluated weekly during the course of therapy using the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index). To assess the dynamics of objective signs of Dry eye disease in dynamics, visometry, biomicroscopy, Schirmer’s test and LIPCOF test were performed weekly before the next injection. A follow-up study was carried out a week after the last injection, with a 1-year dynamic observation following the treatment.Changes in objective indicators of the anterior eye surface were characterized by positive dynamics during therapy. The Schirmer test (p < 0.00001) increased most rapidly and significantly with a lasting effect for a month, demonstrating a beneficial therapeutic effect on both the aqueous and mucinous layer of the tear film. A decrease in the OSDI index was noted after the first injection and decreased progressively during the course of treatment and after its completion up to one month after the last injection (p < 0.00001).

To examine the effect of combined blepharoplasty and Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) compared to an upper blepharoplasty on dry eye syndrome.Prospective, comparative clinical study.This is prospective, comparative case series. Two groups of patients participated in this study: the blepharoplasty group included adult patients with dermatochalasis and the ptosis group consisted of adult patients with dermatochalasis and ptosis that showed significant improvement after phenylephrine 10% instillation. The following parameters were compared for all patients before the procedure (baseline) and on postoperative day 90: MRD1, Ocular-Surface-Disease-Index (OSDI), Schirmer test 2, tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, Lissamine-green staining (LG).Fifty-four patients participated in this study (blepharoplasty group: 23 patients, ptosis group 31 patients). There were significant increases in the postoperative LG scores and in fluorescein staining post ptosis surgery compared with the preoperative values (paired t test, P = .05 and P = .02, respectively). The postoperative OSDI score was significantly higher post ptosis surgery compared with the preoperative score (25.38 vs 17.24, respectively, paired t test, P.01). There were no significant differences, in the blepharoplasty group, between the postoperative and preoperative objective and subjective dry eye tests.MMCR surgery causes an increase in the subjective feeling of dry eye as well as an increase of signs of dry eye. This increase was not noticed after blepharoplasty surgery. Physicians should be aware of the risk of dry eye after ptosis surgery and discuss dry eye as a complication of MMCR surgery with their patients before surgery. Those patients should be examined carefully and treated for dry eye during follow-up.

PURPOSE The signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) can affect the quality of life of patients. This study analyzes whether locking Y lateral canthopexy improves patients' quality of life and in what way it does so (based on the ocular surface disease index questionnaire) and DED signs (measured by the fluorescein breakup time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, and corneal staining) in patients with DED caused by a eyelid malposition or impaired blink dynamics. METHODS This was a case-control study. Forty eyes of 20 patients with DED and lateral canthal disinsertion examined at the University Hospital La Ribera during a 1-year period from November 2016 to November 2017. The 40 eyes were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 eyes that underwent locking Y lateral canthopexy (i.e., a plication of the superficial lateral canthal tendon to the lateral orbital rim periosteum); and group 2 eyes that underwent observational treatment, without surgery. Symptoms and signs in OU were recorded separately at baseline and 1 month after surgery. RESULTS One month after surgery, the ocular surface disease index reduced in group 1 eyes when compared with those of group 2 (p = 0.001), fluorescein breakup time showed an improvement in the operated eyes (group 1) (p < 0.001) and corneal staining was reduced in group 1 after surgery (p = 0.012). The osmolarity results did not change when compared with eyes from group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Locking Y lateral canthopexy is an effective surgical technique for treating patients with evaporative dry eye caused by a lateral canthal tendon disinsertion by restoring proper eyelid closure and improving blinking dynamics. It improves DED signs and symptoms, thereby enhancing the quality of life of patients.

Background: Ocular surface frequently affects glaucoma patients. In this paper we aimed at evaluating the impact of glaucoma surgery on the ocular surface of patients who received unilateral trabeculectomy. Methods: 26 consecutive patients successfully treated with trabeculectomy on one eye (Trab Eye) and under control with topical treatments on the fellow eye (Med Eye) were included in this observational study. They received IDEEL and OSDI questionnaires, Tear Film Osmolarity (TFO), grading of conjunctival hyperemia, fluorescein tear break-up time (tBUT), grading of corneal staining and Schirmer test. Results: IDEEL and OSDI scores were 48 ± 38 and 11 ± 12, respectively, with moderate correlation (r = 0.50, p = 0.03). Compared with Med eyes, Trab Eyes had higher tBUT (6.5 ± 3.5 vs. 5.1 ± 2.7 s, p = 0.004), lower conjunctival hyperemia (0.8 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 1.1 respectively, p < 0.001) and lower corneal staining (0.3 ± 0.5 and 0.6 ± 0.5, respectively, p = 0.03). Correlation between corneal staining and conjunctival hyperemia was 0.55 in Trab Eyes (p = 0.01) and 0.44 in Med Eyes (p > 0.05). Patients with bilateral corneal staining had had threefold worse questionnaire scores (p < 0.05). The duration of treatment and the daily exposure to preservatives did not directly affect OS parameters in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: Patients receiving successful trabeculectomy showed better OS homeostasis (higher TBUT, lower grading of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal staining) than fellow medically treated eyes. Presence of corneal epithelial damage in both eyes is the factor more consistently affecting questionnaire scores.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to analyze the effects of perinatal history on tear film properties and lid geometry in adults born preterm. Methods: The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) is a German prospective examination of adults born preterm and term aged 18 to 52 years with Keratograph® 5M and Schirmer test I. Main outcome measures were first non-invasive tear film break-up time (F-NITBUT), bulbar redness (BR), Schirmer test, and nasal palpebral angle measurement. The associations with gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and BW percentile, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), ROP treatment, and other perinatal factors were evaluated using regression analyses. Results: 489 eyes of 255 preterm and 277 eyes of 139 full-term individuals (aged 28.6 +/− 8.8 years, 220 females) were included. Of these, 33 participants (56 eyes) had a history of spontaneously regressed ROP and 9 participants (16 eyes) had a history of ROP treatment. After adjustment for age and sex, lower F-NITBUT (