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In the south-west region of Burkina Faso rich in lowlands, these represent a facet of inundable, fertile landscape with an insurance function through production in a humid environment and in the off-season. Lowland activities help reducing the vulnerability of the most exposed groups, such as small farms, women and youth, but land tenure remains unstable. It is also a particularly changing landscape with collective hydraulic development actions to enhance rice and vegetable production. The current prevailing climatic change conditions mitigate the drought hazard except at the beginning of the season, and a new flooding risk has arisen. These trends exacerbate the vagaries of the water regime, limiting yields and requiring innovations in the technical and organizational aspects, taking into account social and environmental functions of lowlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Les familles d'enfants souffrant de mucoviscidose et d'asthme reçoivent des recommandations de bonnes pratiques pour préserver leurs enfants d'éventuels risques d'inflammation et d'infection pulmonaires. Certaines de ces recommandations concernent leur habitat (le logement et son environnement) et leurs pratiques domestiques. Elles sont transmises aux parents par les soignants (pneumopédiatres et puéricultrices) et/ou par un conseiller médical en environnement intérieur. Les familles évaluent l'état de santé de leurs enfants, ainsi que leur habitat et leurs capacités à l'entretenir au regard des recommandations reçues. Pour soigner au mieux leurs enfants, elles agissent sur leur environnement intérieur et leurs pratiques domestiques selon les liens qu'elles établissent entre les risques respiratoires et leurs manières d'habiter. Les enquêtes sociologiques rendent comptent de la gestion pratique de l'air intérieur par les familles qui résulte de ce processus d'identification des risques, d'évaluation et d'ajustement des conditions d'habitation. Families of children with cystic fibrosis and asthma receive guidelines on how to protect their children from possible risks of lung inflammation and infection. Some of these concern their home and their domestic practices and are given to parents by care providers (pediatricians specializing in lung diseases and pediatric nurses) and/or by a medical advisor specialized in indoor environments. They recommend that families evaluate their child's health and assess their home and their ability to maintain it according to the recommendations. Optimum best care of their children requires adapting their domestic practices and indoor environment according to the links observed between respiratory risks and their living conditions and lifestyles. Sociological surveys describe families' practical management of indoor air after completion of this risk identification process and the assessment and adaptation of living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The drought, a natural phenomenon typical of the Iberian Peninsula, is a climatic hazard with great repercussions on water supply systems for both urban and agricultural uses. The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of droughts, their management and the vulnerability of this hazard in the basin of Galicia-Costa (Northwest of Spain). Methodologically, a review of the past droughts in the study area, the consultation and analysis of hydrological planning were carried out and an analysis of the phases and measures implemented during the last drought (between 2016 and the beginning of 2018). The results show that, during the latter, the reduction of rainfall was around 500 mm (a decrease of 28-49%, depending on the observatory) but highlighting that the main problems occurred precisely in the areas where this reduction was smaller. To sum up it should be noted that there has been a notable advance in the planning of droughts in Galicia-Costa. However, different structural problems such as lack of infrastructures, maintenance and deficiency of supplies, among others, they make this region vulnerable to drought in compare with other regions with a lower rain coupled and taking in to account the possible future effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Belgique, les personnes ayant commis un délit ou un crime atteintes d'un trouble mental peuvent être « internées », ce qui est une mesure de soin sous contrainte. La loi inclut désormais un critère de gravité des faits. Or, dans les troubles psychotiques, le lien entre la gravité des faits, d'une part, et la pathologie et la dangerosité, d'autre part, est incertain. Nous tenterons d'examiner l'impact de cette récente modification de la loi. Nous avons examiné les faits de 153 internés psychotiques. Nous avons classifié ces faits selon leur gravité. Nous corrélerons la gravité des faits avec des mesures standardisées de symptomatologie psychotique, ainsi qu'avec des mesures de la dangerosité. Les résultats confirment une absence de lien entre la gravité des faits et la sévérité de la pathologie, et la dangerosité. Par contre, la sévérité de la pathologie et la dangerosité corrèlent modérément à fortement. Environ 17 % pourraient ne plus être internés sur la base de ce nouveau critère. Il n'y a pas de différence symptomatologique ou criminologique chez les personnes qui ne seraient plus internées à celles qui le seraient encore. In Belgium, individuals who commit an offense in a state of mental insanity are sanctioned to a compulsory care measure. This law has been recently revised in order to restrict the scope of this legal sanction. From now on, only offenses that include a "physical or psychological threat" are considered. The idea was to prevent less serious offenses to lead to a compulsory care who generally last many years. In the present study, we examined the index offense of 153 forensic psychotic patients. We correlated crime severity with psychopathology and risk measures. Results indicate that there is no correlation between crime seriousness and psychopathology, and that there is no correlation between crime seriousness and estimates. As expected, psychopathology and risk estimates do correlate. About one out of six forensic psychotic offenders could not be interned with this new criteria. There is no difference in psychopathology nor in risk estimates between patients who were interned for an offense including a psychological or physical threat from those who were interned from an offense without. Our findings suggest that it is possible that the new modification to the law will not reach its purpose and it is unsure whether these patients will easily find proper care within the current (compulsory) mental health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Le barrage Hassan II, situé dans la province de Midelt, figure parmi les barrages les plus importants du Maroc. Il a comme vocations principales la production de l'eau potable et l'irrigation. Or, l'emplacement de ce barrage, à environ 10 km en aval du site minier abandonné de Zaida, nous a incités à mener cette étude qui a pour objectif d'évaluer la contamination des eaux de ce barrage et de ses deux principaux affluents, l'oued Moulouya et l'oued Ansegmir, par certains éléments métalliques indésirables (zinc et cuivre) et par certains éléments métalliques toxiques (plomb, cadmium et arsenic). Au total, 24 échantillons ont été prélevés au cours de la période d'étude allant de novembre 2011 à août 2012. Les résultats issus des différentes analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence des teneurs inquiétantes en plomb et en cadmium au niveau des eaux du barrage Hassan II. En effet, les teneurs en plomb et en cadmium ont dépassé les valeurs impératives des différentes catégories proposées par la norme marocaine des eaux destinées pour la production de l'eau potable. La contamination métallique de ce plan d'eau constitue un vrai risque pour la santé des usagers. The Hassan II dam, located in the province of Midelt, is one of the largest dams in Morocco. Its main purposes are drinking water production and irrigation. However, the location of this dam, about 10 km downstream from the abandoned mining site in Zaida, prompted us to conduct this study, which aims to assess the contamination of the water of this dam and its two main tributaries, the Moulouya and Ansegmir wadis, by undesirable metal elements (zinc and copper) and by some toxic metals (lead, cadmium, and arsenic). In total, 24 samples were collected during the study period (November 2011 to August 2012). The results of the various analyses reveal disturbing levels of lead and cadmium in the Hassan II dam waters, exceeding the mandatory limit values of the different categories proposed by the Moroccan standard for water intended for the production of drinking water. The metal contamination of the water of this dam constitutes a real health risk for users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Outbreaks of disease are common fodder for political debate and public discourse. In the past decade alone, health officials have faced a steady stream of serious public health threats, from H1N1 to Ebola and Zika, as well as large outbreaks of measles and other highly contagious illnesses. These incidents command intense media attention and focus public conversation around questions of risk and responsibility. Analysis This article examines major frames in Canadian news coverage of the Disneyland measles outbreak in 2015 to show how public health events are translated into social problems that magnify moral and political concerns. It discusses how parents who reject or express worries about vaccination were portrayed, and traces which solutions were presented to address the problem of vaccine preventable illness. Conclusion and implications Media coverage focused heavily on "anti-vaxxers" as central characters in the outbreak story. The coverage conformed largely to an established biomedical narrative, in which medical and health experts set the definitional parameters around the outbreak causes and consequences, and the preventive measures that should be taken to prevent future occurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L'objectif principal de notre étude pilote est de former un focus groupe adolescents/jeunes adultes afin d'explorer leur utilisation d'Internet et de médias sociaux et leurs expériences découlant de cet usage pour favoriser les transferts de connaissances et nous donner un aperçu des objectifs à cibler pour nos futures questions de recherche. Les objectifs secondaires sont d'explorer les conséquences positives et négatives de ces usages et la gestion de cette utilisation chez leurs parents par un focus groupe parents. L'étude est transversale, exploratrice, descriptive, ouverte, non randomisée et observationnelle. Les participants sont 14 jeunes âgés de 14 à 25 ans, ayant côtoyé Espace Transition et un de leurs parents. Les analyses sont descriptives. Les thèmes soulevés par les jeunes sont pour les aspects négatifs : la cyberdépendance, le cyberharcèlement, l'atteinte de l'estime de soi via le besoin de validation par les pairs ou par la comparaison de ce qui est posté, les impacts psychologiques et physiques. Les aspects positifs sont : la socialisation et la possibilité de rencontrer des personnes ayant les mêmes intérêts. Dans le groupe parent, la difficulté de la surveillance face à ces nouvelles technologies est soulevée. Une appréhension est présente concernant la cyberdépendance et la perte de la capacité à communiquer en face à face. Les aspects négatifs évoqués sont le risque de cyberharcèlement, l'impact sur l'humeur de l'impression de perfection projetée par les autres et la socialisation. Les aspects positifs sont : l'entraide pour les devoirs et la possibilité de trouver du support et de se confier plus facilement. Abstract Introduction The main objective of our pilot study is to form a focus group of adolescents/young adults to explore their use of Internet and social media and their experiences to promote knowledge transfer and give us an overview of objectives for future research questions. The secondary objectives are to explore the positive and negative consequences of these uses and the management of this use in their parents by a focus group parents. Methods The study is cross-sectional, descriptive, open, no-randomized and observational. Participants are 14 young people between the ages of 14 and 25, who have worked with Espace Transition and one of their parents. The analyzes are descriptive. Results Themes addressed by young people are for the negative aspects: cyberaddiction, cyberbullying, injury to self-esteem via the need for peer validation or comparing what is posted, psychological and physical impacts. The positive aspects are: socialization and the possibility of meeting people with the same interests. In the parent group, the difficulty of monitoring these new technologies is addressed. An apprehension is present concerning the cyberaddiction and the loss of the capacity to communicate face to face. The negative aspects mentioned are the risk of cyberbullying, the impact on the mood of the impression of perfection projected by others and socialization. The positive aspects are: mutual help for homework and the possibility of finding support more easily. Conclusion By enabling adolescents/young adults to guide some of our research questions, we make sure that we address the most significant issues in the future. The subject being vast and the studies multiple, the risk is indeed to be mistaken in our objectives and to let us influence by the common thinking and not rational. Following our research results, we will begin the realization of a larger project in order to have a theoretical but also practical scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Droit de L'Environnement is the property of Editions Cogiterra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aims to understand the meaning of graffiti for young offenders, as well as the motivations, feelings and social relations implicit in these practices. This study included six young people in conflict with the law, who had involvement with graffiti in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The selection criteria for participation in this study were: having involvement with graffiti and aged between 15 to 29 years. As an instrument for data collection, an interview with a semi-structured script was used, this covered the following topics: sociodemographic data, information on the experiences related to graffiti involvement, and the meanings attributed to this infraction. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The information was organized in two thematic categories: Adrenaline and Visibility and Expression and Subjectivity. The results evidenced issues related to the need of young people to express them and communicate as subjects, stressing the importance of understanding for what spaces they circulate what place they occupy in the contemporary and what they want through these interventions. Lastly, it highlights how youth has been related to risk and how it has been treated in the contemporary, amid restricted and limited spaces, in which the marginalization and criminalization of these social manifestations are present. In this way, the potentialities of graffiti are highlighted as creative, transformative and subjectivizing power beyond transgression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 30 years, the relevance of risk for social actors and societies has been coupled with a growing academic debate extending across disciplines and practical fields. In the sociological literature, however, risk remains a concept with a disputed and overly comprehensive meaning. To overcome the conceptual stretching of risk, this article suggests a conceptualization which intends not only to better specify what risk is but also to distinguish it from what it is not. Building on the principal theories and on recent research, the authors propose integrating into the conceptualization of risk not only the element of agency, which allows us to distinguish between risk and danger, but also the intentionality of social actors in the production of risks, which introduces the distinction between risk and threat. While risks are attributable to positive human intention, so that potential harm is an unintended side effect in the production of benefits, threats are attributable to ill-intentioned actors, deliberately acting to cause damage to others. Illustrating their position with concrete examples, related to health, migration, terrorism and other domains, the authors argue that such a distinction may shed light on why threats are more likely than risks to gain public attention and to mobilize people and institutions to face them. The article suggests that a tripartite typology of dangers, risk and threats may be of relevance for sociological theory and research on risk and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revue Française de Gouvernance d'Entreprise is the property of Institut Francais des Administrateurs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To assess the level of the control of the cardiovascular risk factors in patients with a history of stroke in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The level of the control of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemias was analyzed in two hundred and seventy-four (274) patients followed for stroke. Among 188 patients with a prior diagnosis of arterial hypertension, only 100 (53.2%) were treated, 27 (27.0%) had their blood pressure well controlled [12.3% in acute stroke vs. 46.5% in sequelae phase; p = 0.0002]. Among 42 (71.2%) diabetics treated, 23 (63.9%) had glycaemia levels > 200 mg/dl, 60.0% in acute phase and 83.3% in sequelae phase (p = 0.28). Finally, 87.0% of the patients had a non-HDL-C > 85 mg/dl. This study shows a poor control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with very high cardiovascular risk due to stroke. There is a need for an effective program to combat non-communicable diseases in our environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La gestion patrimoniale des infrastructures s’intéresse à la connaissance et à l’évaluation de l’état d’un patrimoine et de sa capacité à fournir un service, tout en améliorant sa fiabilité. À partir de la caractérisation des services rendus par deux types d'infrastructures, les ouvrages de protection et les réeaux urbains, cet article analyse les notions de risque, vulnérabilité et résilience afin de faire émerger un nouveau référentiel pour une gestion patrimoniale des infrastructures durable.