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Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a model of a predictive maintenance system allowing the output parameters of a high-capacity distillation unit to be stabilised.Method. The problem of controlling the collection of oil products of a given fractional composition can be reduced to the task of controlling the temperature regime at draw-off trays. In this case, temperature control tasks are considered as control actions. In order to implement the proposed control principle, a mathematical model was constructed allowing the oil fraction content to be converted to directly controlled temperatures.Results. Based on the analysis of the technological process and design features of the atmospheric distillation column, the vectors of maintaining and disturbing actions are determined along with the optimisation criterion for the maintenance problem. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the control object, oil product quality parameters are introduced into the predictive maintenance model along with the supplementation of existing control loops with intermediate parameters.Conclusion. An analysis of the structural features of the atmospheric pipe still and the existing approach to the distillation column maintenance reveals certain disadvantages associated with the lack of operational quality control of the collected oil products, as well as the need to expand the list of stabilised technological parameters in order to optimise the technological process. It is shown that in order to switch to the proposed maintenance approach, it is necessary to develop a static model reflecting the dependency of the potential yield of the required fractions on the raw material composition along with a dynamic model in the form of a multi-parameter optimisation problem.

A recent contribution proposed a processual act-based approach to conceptualising wills in South African law. This approach regards a will as the product of a will-making process in which various parties perform specific acts with specific associated forms of intention in order to establish a will. The act-based model also paves the way for the introduction of an intent doctrine in South African law. This article tests the functioning of the proposed act-based model by applying it to two scenarios: the condonation of formally non-compliant wills in terms of section 2(3) of the Wills Act and the rectification of cross-signed mirror wills in terms of the common law. Both scenarios continue to be plagued by uncertainty as a direct consequence of the lack of a proper definition, explanation and contextualisation of testator's intention in South African law. Regarding condonation, it is found that, because the courts are often left guessing or speculating as to testator's intention, they inevitably overemphasise other aspects such as the form of the document to establish intention for the purposes of condonation in terms of section 2(3). An act-based model could ensure that the decision to condone or not to condone relies solely on whether the document embodies the act of testation. If the act of testation is found to be present (no matter in which shape or form, or by whom it was drafted), the document embodying such an act should be condoned. In terms of rectification, in turn, the act-based model highlights the important distinction between content and formality – the act of testation as opposed to compliance with the statutory formality requirements through the execution of a will. It appears that rectification is appropriate only where an error has caused a discrepancy between the testator's true intention and the intention as expressed in the act of testation contained in the will. Rectification seems less appropriate when dealing with cross-signed wills, which are the result of a flawed execution process. Instead, condonation is much better suited for correcting the formal non-compliance of cross-signed wills.

The supercapacitor-diode (CAPode) is a device that integrates the functionality of an ionic diode with that of a conventional supercapacitor. The unique combination of energy storage and rectification properties in CAPodes is relevant for iontronics, alternate current rectifiers, logic operations, grid stabilization, and even biomedical applications. Here, we propose a novel aqueous-phase supercapattery-diode with excellent energy storage [total specific capacity ( C T ) = 162 C g -1 , energy density = 34 W h kg -1 ] as well as rectifying properties [rectification ratio I (RR -1 ) of 23, and rectification ratio II (RR I ) of 0.98]; the unidirectional energy storage is achieved by the utilization of an ion-selective redox reaction of battery-type layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets serving as the electroactive material as well as asymmetric device configuration of supercapattery-diode in the KOH electrolyte. This work expands the types of CAPodes and importantly exemplifies the significance of integrating battery-type LDH and their redox chemistry, allowing a simultaneous increase in charge storage and rectification properties.II ) of 0.98]; the unidirectional energy storage is achieved by the utilization of an ion-selective redox reaction of battery-type layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets serving as the electroactive material as well as asymmetric device configuration of supercapattery-diode in the KOH electrolyte. This work expands the types of CAPodes and importantly exemplifies the significance of integrating battery-type LDH and their redox chemistry, allowing a simultaneous increase in charge storage and rectification properties.

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces minimal solvers that jointly solve for radial lens undistortion and affine-rectification using local features extracted from the image of coplanar translated and reflected scene texture, which is common in man-made environments. The proposed solvers accommodate different types of local features and sampling strategies, and three of the proposed variants require just one feature correspondence. State-of-the-art techniques from algebraic geometry are used to simplify the formulation of the solvers. The generated solvers are stable, small and fast. Synthetic and real-image experiments show that the proposed solvers have superior robustness to noise compared to the state of the art. The solvers are integrated with an automated system for rectifying imaged scene planes from coplanar repeated texture. Accurate rectifications on challenging imagery taken with narrow to wide field-of-view lenses demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination-chord model (CCM), specially designed to broaden the range of rail corrugation measurement, still faces two troubles including the measuring point deviation and the inverse filter parameters optimization. In this paper, a triple-line structured-light vision (SLV) based CCM is introduced to address these issues. Two solutions respectively for rectification of the measuring points deviation and optimization of the inverse filter parameters are presented. The former, based on the horizontal spacing constraint, detects the exact measuring point from a true rail profile which is reconstructed and rectified by the triple-line SLV. The latter, based on the minimum cumulative recovery error, defines the optimized numbers of frequency sampling and filter order, together with a splicing wavelength. Employing these optimized parameters, our CCM yields the overall amplitude-frequency response being nearly one whether for longwave corrugation or for shortwave corrugation. Both of the proposed solutions aim at enhancing the ordinary CCM in terms of the validity for rail corrugation measurement. Experimental assessments verify the availability and repeatability of our scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furthering the promise of graphene-based planar nanofluidic devices as flexible, robust, low cost, and facile large-scale alternatives to conventional nanochannels for ion transport, we show how the nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and ion current rectification in these platforms can be enhanced by increasing the system asymmetry. Asymmetric cuts made to the 2D multilayered graphene oxide film, for example, introduces further asymmetry to that natively inherent in the structurally symmetric system, which was recently shown to be responsible for its rectification behavior due to diffusion boundary layer fore-aft asymmetry. Supported by good agreement with theory, we attribute the enhancement to the decrease in the limiting current in the positive bias state in which counter-ion trapping occurs within the negatively charged graphene oxide sheets due to increased film permselectivity as its cross-section and surface charge distribution is altered on one end; these effects being shown to be sensitive to the electrolyte pH. Further, we show that an imbalance in the pH or concentration in the microreservoirs flanking the film can also increase asymmetry and hence rectification, in addition to displaying a host of other phenomena associated with the I-V characteristics of typical nanochannel electrokinetic systems.

Recently, an sp2hybridized planar two-dimensional graphene-based carbon allotrope composed of tetra-penta-octagonal rings has attracted considerable interest. The electronic structures and transport properties of zigzag-edged tetra-penta-octagonal-graphene nanoribbons (TPO-ZGNRs) modified via boundary passivation were investigated using density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green’s function. TPO-ZGNRs were passivated with H, 2H, O, OH, and Cl on the edge to produce TPO-ZGNRs-X (X=H, 2H, O, OH, and Cl). TPO-ZGNRs-H exhibits metallic properties regardless of the nanoribbon width and exists in the non-magnetic state. Although TPO-ZGNRs-OH and TPO-ZGNRs-Cl remain metallic, TPO-ZGNRs-2H and TPO-ZGNRs-O are semiconductors. In addition, the current–voltage curves of three TPO-ZGNRs-X (X=H, OH, and Cl) homojunction device models contain a negative differential resistance region. Notably, the heterojunction device model in which TPO-ZGNRs are passivated with H and O atoms at different edge regions has negative differential resistance and rectification characteristics. This study is expected to facilitate the development of new carbon materials.

A general formulation for both passive and active transmembrane transport is derived from basic thermodynamical principles. The derivation takes into account the energy required for the motion of molecules across membranes and includes the possibility of modeling asymmetric flow. Transmembrane currents can then be described by the general model in the case of electrogenic flow. As it is desirable in new models, it is possible to derive other well-known expressions for transmembrane currents as particular cases of the general formulation. For instance, the conductance-based formulation for current turns out to be a linear approximation of the general formula for current. Also, under suitable assumptions, other formulas for current based on electrodiffusion, like the constant field approximation by Goldman, can be recovered from the general formulation. The applicability of the general formulations is illustrated first with fits to existing data, and after, with models of transmembrane potential dynamics for pacemaking cardiocytes and neurons. The general formulations presented here provide a common ground for the biophysical study of physiological phenomena that depend on transmembrane transport.

In the field of thermoanalytical kinetics, which is widely used, basic questions arise regarding a possible description of the effect of heat transfer and subsequent thermal inertia. Current practice still uses a simplified interpretation of directly measured data for an inert sample at a constant temperature rise to describe the studied reaction, which leads to a simplified reaction conversion ratio, which is further used for various mathematical processing. The analysis of the introduced rectangular heat pulses and their indication by DTA clearly shows that the effect of thermal inertia is fundamental and not negligible. This is, after all, known from calorimetry, where the integral constant of inertia has historically been used to calibrate the descending temperature, but it cannot generally be applied to the whole temperature process due to its nonlinearity. In the case of parallel processing, for example by gradually increasing the heating rate, the effect of thermal inertia can be partially compensated for each other which have yet to be confirmed. However, for the kinetic analysis of a single peak, it is necessary to adapt to the effect of the thermal delay due to thermal inertia, which, similarly to the measured enthalpy, is tied to the sample size. Of course, it will be up to the researcher to find a solution that also includes the effect of heat transfer and dissipation, which should become the main principle of thermoanalytical methods of the future, as shown by current examples combining thermal processes with their specific kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting random motion into directional motion of charged dust particles in plasma, i.e., the rectification, can be achieved by using a dusty plasma ratchet, in which the asymmetry of system plays a very important role. Here, we use different staggered angles between the inner and outer gears to control the asymmetry of system and further study experimentally the effect of the asymmetry induced by staggered angle on the rectification of dust particles in a dusty plasma ratchet. Our results show that the spatial distribution and the velocity of dust particles along the saw channel are nonuniform. Decreasing the asymmetry can reduce the flow of dust particle in the saw channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Global concerns over environmental issues raised several efforts to find an applicable alternative solution. One of the vital solutions is to promote liquid bio‐refinery products as a transportation fuel. Bioethanol, considered the most common in this category, has several advantages that can help to protect the environment. However, nowadays, the production of this fuel, due to its high level of energy requirement, is not cost‐effective in many countries. The current research aims to conduct Energy analysis to be used throughout finding optimum points for bioethanol production energy usage in separate sectors while production is under process. Results show 70% of the total required energy for the procedure is used in distillation columns for the production of 99.54 wt.% bioethanol. The distillation unit includes beer and rectification columns. In the current study, it was found that for the beer distillation column, the best combination for energy consumption reduction is a column with 32 trays in which the feed is inserted on tray 5, and the side stream is received from tray 9. It should be noted that the counting of trays is from top to bottom. Furthermore, for the rectification column, the arrangement of 45 trays should be maintained and the feed should be inserted on a tray between 15 and 30 from top to bottom so that the best results could be garnered with minimal energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skewness and obliqueness of vehicle plate images influence license plate recognition. The more tilted plate images are, the harder the recognition task is. To this end, if plate images are preprocessed to be aligned and rectified, the recognition performance would improve. We propose deep neural network models that can locate four corner plate positions, which can then be used to perform the perspective transformation that can be used to rectify plates. Such a transformation is called homography. The models consist of two sequential parts: a feature extraction part having convolution and a regression part with fully connected layers. The models are open in the sense that the feature extraction part can host other well-known models such as Mobilenet as long as they have the feature capture capability. We devise a loss function as the sum of Euclidean distance between predicted coordinates and ground truth and discuss image augmentation schemes. The experiment results show that the models with well-known object detection models are able to predict corner positions with relatively high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unwanted entrainment of droplets to succeeding process areas is one of the main challenges for efficient operation of separation processes like rectification or evaporation. Fluctuation in temperatures, pressures or flow rates lead to operating conditions that cause entrainment. This results in significant losses both in means of energy and costs. Therefore, new approaches to reduce entrainment were investigated in a joint project with focus on rectification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of development of physicochemical fundamentals for the synthesis and deep purification of tin tetrachloride have been described. The samples of SnCl4 have been prepared from elements in a specially designed quartz installation. Prepared SnCl4 has been purified by rectification on a perforated-plate column. It has been revealed by mass spectrometry that the content of lead admixture after SnCl4 rectification decreases from 120 to 2 ppm, and the content of admixtures of other metals decreases considerably. Separation factors in liquid–vapor system for hardly separable admixtures have been calculated. The purity of SnCl4 samples has been confirmed by IR and Raman spectroscopy. The prepared SnCl4 samples contained 10–4 wt % of admixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve an efficient hole injection into triphenylamine derivatives cast on an Au electrode, we focused on the use of Fullerene (C60)-doped triphenylamine derivative as a buffer layer. After measuring the current-voltage properties of a layered device with the Au/C60-doped triphenylamine derivative/triphenylamine derivative/Au, hole injection was improved only at the interface where C60 was introduced. In addition, when 1 mol% of C60 was doped, the energy barrier for the hole injection decreased to 0.06 eV from 0.43 eV. Overall, we successfully developed a device with enhanced rectification properties.

In the context of teaching a foreign language, focused on the communicative paradigm, teachers often hesitate in the rectification chapter - how they would be more efficient in the process of teaching / learning a foreign language. The present article tries to elucidate this uncertainty by listing the errors and the productive corrective methods, respectively. The corrective procedure must become a positive and ameliorative means for both the student and the teacher throughout the foreign language study. It is advisable for both parties to find themselves in a relative comfort zone in order to unite their efforts in favor of success. Various corrective methods are analyzed, especially being recommended for written production: rectification, inciting, reformulation of the statement, as well as advocated corrections in the oral production chapter.

The article is focused on rectification of tax decisions and on an analysis of modes of this rectification, i.e. its supplementation, correction and “interpretation”. However, it should be stressed that rectification activities are applied accordingly to decisions. The author emphasizes many times in this study that the modes of rectification of tax decisions which are laid down in Articles 213–215 of the Tax Ordinance Act are intended to remove irrelevant defects. They can never lead to the elimination of ruling decisions from legal transactions. This puts them in contrast to the procedures for removing significant defects such as the revocation of a decision or its annulment.

Abstract Schottky effect of two-dimensional materials is important for nanoscale electrics. A ReSe2 flake is transferred to be suspended between an Au sink and an Au nanofilm. This device is initially designed to measure the transport properties of the ReSe2 flake. However, a rectification behavior is observed in the experiment from 273 to 340 K. The rectification coefficient is about 10. The microstructure and elements composition are systematically analyzed. The ReSe2 flake and the Au film are found to be in contact with the Si substrate from the scanning electron microscope image in slant view of 45°. The ReSe2/Si and Si/Au contacts are p-n heterojunction and Schottky contacts. Asymmetry of both contacts results in the rectification behavior. The prediction based on the thermionic emission theory agrees well with experimental data.

Rectification of vehicle plate images helps to improve the accuracy of license-plate recognition (LPR). It is a perspective-transformation process to project images as if taken from the front geometrically. To obtain the projection matrix, we require the (x, y) coordinates of four corner positions of plates in images. In this paper, we consider the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation for corner detection in plate images. We trained a model with plate images of one country, the source domain, and applied a domain adaptation scheme so that the model is able to work well on the plates of a different country, the target domain. For this study, we created a dataset of 22,096 Korea plate images with corner labels, which are source domain, and 6762 Philippines, which are target domain. To address this problem, we propose a heatmap-based corner-detection model, which outperforms existing scalar-regression methods, and an image classifier for mixed image of source and target images for domain adaptation. The proposed approach achieves better accuracy, which is 19.1% improvement if compared with baseline discriminator-based domain adaptation scheme.

Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The level of optimization of the technological process based on fluoride redistribution in tungsten technology allows starting production of dense crucibles with a diameter of 700–1000 mm and height of 800–1100 mm with any wall thickness. The technology provides fluorination with further restoration of hydrogen-synthesized WF6 on the surface of copper substrate and the use of evolved HF for obtaining fluoride and hydrogen. Circulation of the used reagents provides observance of ecological standards. The proposed "closed" circuit of the apparatus, consuming tungsten powder or metal waste, provides performance on finished products of 93–127 t/year and can be replicated. Expenses on the creation of one production circuit for manufacturing tungsten crucibles by the described technology are paid off within 2 months of operation. Inclusion of rectification cleaning of WF6 into the technological circuit allows obtaining tungsten products of high purity. The new technology guarantees crucible production of a strictly set shape with high purity of the inner surfaces from dense tungsten with increased physical-mechanical properties and low degradation of properties during operation, which allows using crucibles with less wall thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The purpose of the work was to determine the optimal time of residence of the liquid on the plates, the grade of extraction and concentration ratio of volatile impurities of alcohol and the specific consumption of heating steam in rectification columns of cyclic action. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in a rectification column, equipped with flaky plates with a variable free cross-section. Concentration of alcohol volatile impurities was determined by chromatographic method, the grade of their extraction and concentration ratio – by calculation method, other indicators – by commonly known methods. Results and discussion. The maximum extraction of volatile impurities was being achieved in a rectification column, equipped with flaky plates containing turnaround sections connected to drive mechanisms, the action of which is occurred according to a given algorithm. The optimal parameters of operating the column were: vapor velocity in the orifices of the flakes during the period of liquid retention on the plates 12–14 m/s; during liquid pouring 1–1.5 m/s; time of residence of the liquid on the plates 40 s, pouring time 1.7 s; pressure in the lower part of the column 12 kPa; the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the still residue 3–4% vol. In order to provide the cycles, the free sectional area of the plates must change instantaneously from 5.5 to 51.7%. This technical solution allows to provide complete disposal of ethers, methyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol, to increase the grade of extraction of higher alcohols of fusel alcohol and methanol by 38%, the concentration ratio of aldehydes by 25%, higher alcohols by 38%, methanol by 37%, and to reduce specific consumption of heating steam by 40% compared to a typical column operating in stationary mode. Conclusion. The innovative technology of cyclic rectification allows to increase the grade of extraction and the concentration ratio of volatile impurities of alcohol by 25–38% and reduce energy consumption by 40% compared with the known ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly frequent use of books in digital format, people search for the desired subjects in a faster way compared to the search in physical books. This work aimed to develop a computational resource in the form of an application for Android smartphones, which, based on an image captured from a page in a book, performs searches by keywords. The purpose of using the application is to help the reader to find the desired information quickly. We use Computer Vision techniques with the aid of the OpenCV library in the development of algorithms to perform segmentation, correction of the perspective of the book page image, identification and rectification of the wavy lines, recognition and character classification. The results shown were promising with a hit rate of over 88%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is mounting evidence that lipid bilayers display conductive properties. However, when interpreting the electrical response of biological membranes to voltage changes, they are commonly considered as inert insulators. Lipid bilayers under voltage-clamp conditions display current traces with discrete conduction-steps, which are indistinguishable from those attributed to the presence of protein channels. In current-voltage (I-V) plots they may also display outward rectification, i.e., voltage-gating. Surprisingly, this has even been observed in chemically symmetric lipid bilayers. Here, we investigate this phenomenon using a theoretical framework that models the electrostrictive effect of voltage on lipid membranes in the presence of a spontaneous polarization, which can be recognized by a voltage offset in electrical measurements. It can arise from an asymmetry of the membrane, for example from a non-zero spontaneous curvature of the membrane. This curvature can be caused by voltage via the flexoelectric effect, or by hydrostatic pressure differences across the membrane. Here, we describe I-V relations for lipid membranes formed at the tip of patch pipettes situated close to an aqueous surface. We measured at different depths relative to air/water surface, resulting in different pressure gradients across the membrane. Both linear and non-linear I-V profiles were observed. Non-linear conduction consistently takes the form of outward rectified currents. We explain the conductance properties by two mechanisms: One leak current with constant conductance without pores, and a second process that is due to voltage-gated pore opening correlating with the appearance of channel-like conduction steps. In some instances, these non-linear I-V relations display a voltage regime in which dI/dV is negative. This has also been previously observed in the presence of sodium channels. Experiments at different depths reveal channel formation that depends on pressure gradients. Therefore, we find that the channels in the lipid membrane are both voltage-gated and mechanosensitive. We also report measurements on black lipid membranes that also display rectification. In contrast to the patch experiments they are always symmetric and do not display a voltage offset.

Classical thermal rectification arises from the contact between two dissimilar bulk materials, each with a thermal conductivity (k) with a different temperature dependence. Here, we study thermal rectification in a Si(1−x)Gex alloy with a spatial dependence on the atomic composition. Rectification factors (R = kmax/kmin) of up to 3.41 were found. We also demonstrate the suitability of such an alloy for logic gates using a thermal AND gate as an example by controlling the thermal conductivity profile via the alloy composition. This system is readily extendable to other alloys, since it only depends on the effective thermal conductivity. These thermal devices are inherently advantageous alternatives to their electric counterparts, as they may be able to take advantage of otherwise undesired waste heat in the surroundings. Furthermore, the demonstration of logic operations is a step towards thermal computation.

This paper describes a method for metric recording based on spherical images, which are rectified to document planar surfaces. The proposed method is a multistep workflow in which multiple rectilinear images are (i) extracted from a single spherical projection and (ii) used to recover metric properties. The workflow is suitable for documenting buildings with small and narrow rooms, i.e., documentation projects where the acquisition of 360 images is faster than the traditional acquisition of several photographs. Two different rectification procedures were integrated into the current implementation: (i) an analytical method based on control points and (ii) a geometric procedure based on two sets of parallel lines. Constraints based on line parallelism can be coupled with the focal length of the rectified image to estimate the rectifying transformation. The calculation of the focal length does not require specific calibrations projects. It can be derived from the spherical image used during the documentation project, obtaining a rectified image with just an overall scale ambiguity. Examples and accuracy evaluation are illustrated and discussed to show the pros and cons of the proposed method.

The problem of the rectification of curves and the calculation (for which we shall adopt the more geometric term “flattening”) of the surface of a rotating solid generated by a curve, once the rotation axis has been fixed, were treated by John Wallis in two short inter-related tracts on cycloids and cissoids in 1659. In this work, we focus on the problem of the rectification of the parabola, an ancient problem reproposed in the 17th century, and on the solution obtained by Wallis using particular series that reflect the mechanical method of Archimedes, even if this is not immediately apparent to the reader. In presenting Wallis’s speech, we use the language closest to us and make explicit all the calculations not performed by the author, favoring an understanding of the part of his writing dedicated to the rectification of the parabola.

Classified protection of cybersecurity is an important part of cybersecurity system of China's information system. It is the basic requirement of business system compliance operation, and is also a prerequisite for security assessment and solving information system security problems. This article studies and discusses the management system, infrastructure, protection equipment and other aspects. Analyze the business information system, and sort out the compliance of the information system item by item under classified protection of cybersecurity 2.0. According to the analysis results of the compliance of the information system, the non-compliance is classified according to the difficulty of rectification. The information system is rectified and reformed according to the strategy from easy to difficult. So, in short time, the protection level of information system is improved and the security risk of information system is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Energy harvesting applications, low-voltage rectification, active rectification for charging small storage devices from human motion. Harvesting energy from human motion for powering small scale electronic devices is attracting research interest in recent years. A piezoelectric device (PD) is capable of harvesting energy from mechanical motions, in the form of alternating current (AC) voltage. The AC voltage generated is of low frequency and is often unstable due to the nature of human motion, which renders it unsuitable for charging storage device. Thus, an electronic circuit such as a full bridge rectifier (FBR) is required for direct current (DC) conversion. However, due to forward voltage loss across the diodes, the rectified voltage and output power are low and unstable. In addition, the suitability of existing rectifier circuits in converting AC voltage generated by PD as a result of low frequency human motion induced non-sinusoidal vibration is unknown. In this paper, an improved H-Bridge rectifier circuit is proposed to increase and to stabilise the output voltage. To study the effectiveness of the proposed circuit for human motion application, a series of experimental tests were conducted. Firstly, the performance of the H-Bridge rectifier circuit was studied using a PD attached to a cantilever beam subject to low frequency excitations using a mechanical shaker. Real-life testing was then conducted with the source of excitation changed to a human performing continuous cycling and walking motions at a different speed. Results show that the H-Bridge circuit prominently increases the rectified voltage and output power, while stabilises the voltage when compared to the conventional FBR circuit. This study shows that the proposed circuit is potentially suitable for PEH from human motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an interpretation of the concept of 'zheng 正' (correct, proper, straight) as it appears in Daodejing and Zhuangzi. My aim is to reveal and develop the contributions that the Daoist classics make to the traditional meaning of this key cosmological, epistemological, and ethical concept. While Laozi in some passages throws the meaning and existence of zheng into question, in other passages it appears to have an exalted role in the sagely life. Similarly, Zhuangzi rejects zheng where it carries connotations of artificial rigidity, but embraces the zheng that aligns with nature's dynamism. Focus on this concept gives us an entry into broader themes in Daoist literature, and reveals zheng as an ideal of nature, knowledge, and normativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive thermography is a non-destructive testing method, whereby the specimen is slightly heated with a short heating pulse (0.1–1 s) and the temperature change on the surface is recorded with an infrared (IR) camera. Eddy current is induced by means of high frequency (HF) magnetic field in the surface 'skin' of the specimen. Since surface cracks disturb the eddy current distribution and the heat diffusion, they become visible in the IR images. Head checks and squats are specific types of damage in railway rails related to rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Inductive thermography can be excellently used to detect head checks and squats on rails, and the method is also applicable for characterizing individual cracks as well as crack networks. Several rail pieces with head checks, with artificial electrical discharge-machining (EDM)-cuts and with a squat defect were inspected using inductive thermography. Aiming towards rail inspection of the track, 1 m long rail pieces were inspected in two different ways: first via a 'stop-and-go' technique, through which their subsequent images are merged together into a panorama image, and secondly via scanning during a continuous movement of the rail. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are compared and analyzed. Special image processing tools were developed to automatically fully characterize the rail defects (average crack angle, distance between cracks and average crack length) in the recorded IR images. Additionally, finite element simulations were used to investigate the effect of the measurement setup and of the crack parameters, in order to optimize the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that argumentative discourse markers pragmaticalize and become 'polysemous' via a single core function. The focus of the paper is on discourse markers of rectification, where an accessible assumption or claim is replaced with another, rectifying claim (in the form of an explanation, clarification, definition, justification etc.). Specifically, I discuss Hebrew be-ʕecem , originally a prepositional phrase meaning 'in a bone' and its evolution into a polysemous discourse marker whose meaning is versatile: 'on second thought'/'actually'/'essentially'/'basically'. I claim that it is its persistent core function of argumentative rectification not only serves as the motivation behind its linguistic evolution, but also serves as the link connecting all of its meanings/uses. Pragmaticalization is therefore given a new light, highlighting the discourse marker's core function which governs the course of its history. • This paper provides a pragmaticalization path for Hebrew be-ʕecem 'actually'. • Be-ʕecem started out as a prepositional phrase meaning 'in a bone'. • Be-ʕecem has evolved into a polysemous discourse marker in contemporary Hebrew. • Be-ʕecem 's pragmaticalization has occurred via a core persistent rectification function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-rank tensor recovery in the presence of sparse but arbitrary errors is an important problem with many practical applications. In this work, we propose a general framework that recovers low-rank tensors, in which the data can be deformed by some unknown transformations and corrupted by arbitrary sparse errors. We give a unified presentation of the surrogate-based formulations that incorporate the features of rectification and alignment simultaneously, and establish worst-case error bounds of the recovered tensor. In this context, the state-of-the-art methods ‘RASL’ and ‘TILT’ can be viewed as two special cases of our work, and yet each only performs part of the function of our method. Subsequently, we study the optimization aspects of the problem in detail by deriving two algorithms, one based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the other based on proximal gradient. We provide convergence guarantees for the latter algorithm, and demonstrate the performance of the former through in-depth simulations. Finally, we present extensive experimental results on public datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework and algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To demonstrate an optimized rectification strategy for fiber orientation density functions (fODFs). Theory and Methods: In white matter, fODFs can be estimated with diffusion MRI. However, because of signal noise, imaging artifacts and other factors, experimentally determined fODFs may take on unphysical negative values in some directions. Here, we show how to rectify such fODFs to eliminate all negative values while minimizing the mean square difference between the original and rectified fODFs. The method is demonstrated for a mathematical model and for fODFs estimated from experimental human data using both constrained spherical deconvolution and fiber ball imaging. Comparison with an alternative nonoptimized rectification approach is also provided. Results: For the mathematical model, it is found that the optimized rectification procedure removes negative fODF values while at the same time reducing the mean square error. Relative to the alternative rectification approach, the optimized fODFs are substantially more accurate. For the experimental data, the optimized fODFs have a lower average fractional anisotropy axonal and often fewer small peaks than the original, unrectified fODFs. The calculation of optimized fODFs is straightforward where the main step is the finding of the root to an equation in one variable, as may be efficiently accomplished with the bisection method. Conclusion: Unphysical negative fODF values can be easily eliminated in a manner that minimizes the mean square difference between the original and rectified fODFs. Optimized fODF rectification may be useful in applications for which negative values are problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Linked rhythmic behaviors, such as respiration/locomotion or swallowing/chewing, often require coordination for proper function. Despite its prevalence, the cellular mechanisms controlling coordination of the underlying neural networks remain undetermined in most systems. We use the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis to investigate mechanisms of internetwork coordination, due to its small, well-characterized feeding-related networks (gastric mill [chewing, ∼0.1 Hz]; pyloric [filtering food, ∼1 Hz]). Here, we investigate coordination between these networks during the Gly 1 -SIFamide neuropeptide modulatory state. Gly 1 -SIFamide activates a unique triphasic gastric mill rhythm in which the typically pyloric-only LPG neuron generates dual pyloric-plus gastric mill-timed oscillations. Additionally, the pyloric rhythm exhibits shorter cycles during gastric mill rhythm-timed LPG bursts, and longer cycles during IC, or IC plus LG gastric mill neuron bursts. Photoinactivation revealed that LPG is necessary to shorten pyloric cycle period, likely through its rectified electrical coupling to pyloric pacemaker neurons. Hyperpolarizing current injections demonstrated that although LG bursting enables IC bursts, only gastric mill rhythm bursts in IC are necessary to prolong the pyloric cycle period. Surprisingly, LPG photoinactivation also eliminated prolonged pyloric cycles, without changing IC firing frequency or gastric mill burst duration, suggesting that pyloric cycles are prolonged via IC synaptic inhibition of LPG, which indirectly slows the pyloric pacemakers via electrical coupling. Thus, the same dual-network neuron directly conveys excitation from its endogenous bursting and indirectly funnels synaptic inhibition to enable one network to alternately decrease and increase the cycle period of a related network., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Gnanabharathi et al.)