2,867 results on '"radiograph"'
Search Results
152. Perinatal Imaging
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Arthurs, Owen J., Sebire, Neil J., Khong, T. Yee, editor, and Malcomson, Roger D. G., editor
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- 2022
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153. Automated External Contour-Segmentation Method for Vertebrae in Lateral Cervical Spine Radiographs
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Schneider, Zofia, Pociask, Elżbieta, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Piaseczna, Natalia, editor, Gorczowska, Magdalena, editor, and Łach, Agnieszka, editor
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- 2022
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154. Acromion Morphology of Patients with Rotator Cuff Disease in Standard AP Shoulder Radiograph in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah and Hospital Kuala Lumpur
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Leong YC, Yeoh CW, Azman MI, Juhari MS, and Siti HT
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acromion morphology ,radiograph ,rotator cuff tear ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Rotator cuff pathology is commonly attributed to acromion morphology that is demonstrable in standard AP shoulder radiographs by measuring the critical shoulder angle (CSA), the lateral acromial angle (LAA), and the acromial index (AI). However, these parameters vary among races and countries. Therefore, our study aimed to get the local data on acromion morphology in patients with rotator cuff disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI shoulder reports between January 2012 and June 2018 were reviewed. The study group consisted of 47 patients with rotator cuff injury with a partial or complete tear, and a control group of 37 patients with tendinitis or osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuffs. The CSA, LAA, and AI of both groups were measured on the anteroposterior shoulder radiograph. The risk factors for both groups and the acromion morphology were recorded. RESULTS: The CSA for the rotator cuff tear and the control group was 39.08° and 38.28°, LAA was 72.57 ° and 73.51°, and AI was 0.79 and 0.75. The acromion morphology differed in terms of gender, and only LAA was different among the different ethnic groups. There was a negative correlation between age and CSA, age and AI, LAA and CSA, LAA and AI, but a positive correlation between AI and CSA. CONCLUSION: The CSA for rotator cuff tear patients in our population was 39.08°, LAA was 72.57°, and AI was 0.79. The acromion morphology was significantly influenced by age and gender.
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- 2022
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155. Heterotopic Ossification after a Prolonged Course of COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
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Jacob E. Milner, Ean C. Schwartz, Joseph S. Geller, David Constantinescu, Paul R. Allegra, Justin E. Trapana, and Fernando E. Vilella
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heterotopic ossification ,COVID-19 ,coronavirus ,pneumonia ,hip pain ,radiograph ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
We report the case of a 20-year-old male who developed severe HO of the left hip secondary to a prolonged course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Upon extubation, he was found to have debilitating left hip pain and significant functional deficits with regard to his range of motion and functional status. There are numerous known causes of heterotopic ossification (HO), including trauma, surgery, and traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries. An increased incidence of HO has also been reported in patients who undergo prolonged intubation. While the COVID-19 virus has many known respiratory and medical complications, it has also resulted in unforeseen complications that present long-term challenges for patients. When treating patients with coronavirus, physicians should be aware of HO as a possible complication and consider it as a cause of musculoskeletal pain.
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- 2022
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156. Gender Determination by Morphometric Evaluation of the Frontal Sinus in Indian Population - A Digital Radiographic Study
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Sharma, Deeksha, Prasad, R Guru, Sharma, Neeta, Rakha, Monika, Patial, Vikas, and Kumari, Akanksha
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- 2022
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157. GUI Enabled Optimized Approach of CNN for Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Radiograph Images.
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Kanumuri, Chalapathiraju and Chodavarapu, Renu Madhavi
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CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks , *COVID-19 testing , *RADIOGRAPHS , *GRAPHICAL user interfaces , *X-ray imaging - Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the Corona virus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, since it contaminated billions of individuals and killed lakhs. The spread along with the severity of the disease plays a key role in early detection and classification to reduce the rapid spread as the variants are changing. COVID-19 could be categorized as a pneumonia infection. Bacterial pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, viral pneumonia, etc., are the classifications of several forms of pneumonia, which are subcategorized into more than 20 forms and COVID-19 will come under viral pneumonia. The wrong prediction of any of these can mislead humans into improper treatment, which leads to a matter of life. From the radiograph that is X-ray images, diagnosis of all these forms can be possible. For detecting these disease classes, the proposed method will employ a deep learning (DL) technique. Early detection of the COVID-19 is possible with this model; hence, the spread of the disease is minimized by isolating the patients. For execution, a graphical user interface (GUI) provides more flexibility. The proposed model, which is a GUI approach, is trained with 21 types of pneumonia radiographs by a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on Image Net and adjusts them to act as feature extractors for the Radiograph images. Next, the CNNs are combined with united AI strategies. For the classification of COVID-19 detection, several approaches are proposed in which those approaches are concerned with COVID-19, pneumonia, and healthy patients only. In classifying more than 20 types of pneumonia infections, the proposed model attained an accuracy of 92%. Likewise, COVID-19 images are effectively distinguished from the other pneumonia images of radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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158. Radiographic Outcomes Following ACDF With Hyperlordotic Implants to Achieve Cervical Anterior Column Realignment.
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Shahrestani, Shane, Ton, Andy, Brown, Nolan J., Pennington, Zach, Loya, Joshua J., Kuo, Cathleen, Mehkri, Yusuf, Gendreau, Julian, Diaz-Aguilar, Luis Daniel, Pham, Martin H., and Blaskiewicz, Donald
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LONGITUDINAL ligaments , *BODY mass index , *LORDOSIS - Abstract
Degenerative disc disease and progressive sagittal malalignment can both contribute to degenerative cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy. For patients with symptoms refractory to conservative management, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a thoroughly vetted intervention shown to improve pain and disability measures. Hyperlordotic implants can also help restore cervical sagittal balance through anterior column realignment (ACR). A consecutive bi-institutional series of patients who underwent ACDF with hyperlordotic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants between 2014 and 2016 was reviewed. All included patients underwent ACDF between C3 and C7 inclusive of a hyperlordotic PEEK cervical implant (>10° lordosis), and had ≥12 months of radiographic follow-up. Lateral radiographs were analyzed to compare pre- and postoperative cervical parameters. Forty-six patients were included (mean age, 58.0 years; male, 35%). Mean body mass index was 28.3 kg/m2, and mean radiographic follow-up 14.4 months. Overall, cervical lordosis increased from –7.8° preoperatively to –14.8° postoperatively and to –15.7° at last follow-up (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean segmental lordosis of ACR levels treated increased from –0.2° preoperatively to –4.8° postoperatively (P < 0.001), but no significant change was observed at last follow-up. Lastly, improvement in segmental lordosis was seen at both postoperative time points at the C3-C4 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively), C4-C5 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and C5-C6 levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Our study demonstrates that hyperlordotic PEEK implants used for ACR effectively contribute to restoration of cervical lordosis in patients undergoing ACDF, potentially reducing the need for additional posterior surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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159. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Lung Ultrasound for Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
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Omar, Mahmoud, Jabir, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Imadh, Novelli, Enrico M., and Xu, Julia Z.
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SICKLE cell anemia , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *DIAGNOSIS methods , *IONIZING radiation , *ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell disease. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is emerging as a point-of-care method to diagnose ACS, allowing for more rapid diagnosis in the ED setting and sparing patients from ionizing radiation exposure. What is the diagnostic accuracy of LUS for ACS diagnosis, using the current reference standard of chest radiography? Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used to compile all relevant studies. Two reviewers screened the studies for inclusion in this review. Cases of discrepancy were resolved by a third reviewer. Meta-analyses were conducted using both metadta and midas STATA software packages to retrieve summary receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivities, and specificities. Three reviewers scored the studies with QUADAS-2 for risk of bias assessment. From a total of 713 unique studies retrieved, six studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. Of these, five studies were in pediatric EDs. Two studies were conference abstracts and not published manuscripts. Data were available for 625 possible ACS cases (97% of cases in patients aged ≤ 21 years) and 95 confirmed ACS diagnoses (pretest probability of 15.2%). The summary sensitivity was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.68-0.98) and the summary specificity was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.69-0.97) with an area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94-0.97). LUS has excellent sensitivity and very good specificity for ACS diagnosis and may serve as an initial point-of-care test to facilitate rapid treatment of ACS and spare pediatric patients from ionizing radiation; however, further research is warranted to improve the generalizability to the adult sickle cell disease population. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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160. Machine Learning for Detecting Total Knee Arthroplasty Implant Loosening on Plain Radiographs.
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Kim, Man-Soo, Cho, Ryu-Kyoung, Yang, Sung-Cheol, Hur, Jae-Hyeong, and In, Yong
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TOTAL knee replacement , *KNEE , *MACHINE learning , *CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks , *RADIOGRAPHS , *BODY mass index - Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the loosening of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants could be detected accurately on plain radiographs using a deep convolution neural network (CNN). (2) Methods: We analyzed data for 100 patients who underwent revision TKA due to prosthetic loosening at a single institution from 2012 to 2020. We extracted 100 patients who underwent primary TKA without loosening through a propensity score, matching for age, gender, body mass index, operation side, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class. Transfer learning was used to prepare a detection model using a pre-trained Visual Geometry Group (VGG) 19. For transfer learning, two methods were used. First, the fully connected layer was removed, and a new fully connected layer was added to construct a new model. The convolutional layer was frozen without training, and only the fully connected layer was trained (transfer learning model 1). Second, a new model was constructed by adding a fully connected layer and varying the range of freezing for the convolutional layer (transfer learning model 2). (3) Results: The transfer learning model 1 gradually increased in accuracy and ultimately reached 87.5%. After processing through the confusion matrix, the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity was 100%. Transfer learning model 2, which was trained on the convolutional layer, gradually increased in accuracy and ultimately reached 97.5%, which represented a better improvement than for model 1. Processing through the confusion matrix affirmed that the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 97.5%. (4) Conclusions: The CNN algorithm, through transfer learning, shows high accuracy for detecting the loosening of TKA implants on plain radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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161. Use of Caudoventral-Craniodorsal and Cranioventral-Caudodorsal Oblique Radiographic Views made at 45° to the Frontal Plane for the Evaluation of Pelvic Girdles in Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta).
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Torkelson, Miranda and Koetz, Ashley
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PELVIC bones , *TURTLES , *WILDLIFE rehabilitation , *REHABILITATION centers , *TRAUMA centers - Abstract
Turtles often present to wildlife rehabilitation centers for trauma secondary to motor vehicle collisions. Injuries to the pelvic girdles in turtles are challenging to assess on standard radiographic views due to the superimposition of bones. Pelvic trauma may have long-term consequences for ambulation and reproduction. The novel use of caudoventral-craniodorsal and cranioventral-caudodorsal 45° oblique radiographic views in western painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Minnesota has improved differentiation of bones in the pelvic girdle. Using dorsoventral radiographs, 45% of western painted turtles with caudal carapace fractures had suspected injuries to the pelvis. After using oblique views, 98% of western painted turtles with caudal carapace fractures were found to have pelvic involvement. These radiographic views improve diagnostic ability, facilitate medical and surgical interventions, and aid in monitoring the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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162. The Utility of Routine Postoperative Radiographs in the Asymptomatic Total Hip Arthroplasty Patient.
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Heckmann, Nathanael D., Chung, Brian C., Wier, Julian, Liu, Kevin C., Mayfield, Cory K., and Lieberman, Jay R.
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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients often receive routine radiographs in the year following their index surgery. This study sought to investigate the clinical and economic value of obtaining routine postoperative hip radiographs for asymptomatic patients following primary elective THA. A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent primary elective THA from 2016 to 2019 was conducted. Patients undergoing nonelective or revision THA, radiographic follow-up <10 months, and patients aged <18 years were excluded. All radiographs were reviewed for abnormalities in the first postoperative year by an arthroplasty fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon, blinded to the symptoms of the patient. Of the 327 patients (351 hips) included, 57.2% were women and 68.2% were White, with an average age of 65 years (range, 22-97 years) and average body mass index of 29.1 kg/m
2 (range, 16.2-49.8 kg/m2 ). Only four (0.4%) radiographic series revealed abnormalities with the potential to alter postoperative management. One patient experienced a change in management directly related to their abnormal finding (closed reduction for dislocation at 10.2 months postoperatively). The remaining three abnormal radiographic findings included femoral stem subsidence, progressive radiolucencies around an acetabular component, and cement mantle fracture. The average cost for each radiographic series was $155.27, resulting in total direct charges of $167,691.60. Routine postoperative radiographs may be of limited utility in the asymptomatic patient in the first year following elective primary THA. Consideration should be given to limit postoperative radiographs following standard elective THA, while reserving postoperative radiographic evaluation for patients who are symptomatic. Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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163. Classification of racehorse limb radiographs using deep convolutional neural networks.
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da Silva, Raniere Gaia Costa, Mishra, Ambika Prasad, Riggs, Christopher Michael, and Doube, Michael
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DEEP learning ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,RADIOGRAPHS ,MACHINE learning ,RACE horses - Abstract
Purpose: To assess the capability of deep convolutional neural networks to classify anatomical location and projection from a series of 48 standard views of racehorse limbs. Materials and methods: Radiographs (N = 9504) of horse limbs from image sets made for veterinary inspections by 10 independent veterinary clinics were used to train, validate and test (116, 40 and 42 radiographs, respectively) six deep learning architectures available as part of the open source machine learning framework PyTorch. The deep learning architectures with the best top-1 accuracy had the batch size further investigated. Results: Top-1 accuracy of six deep learning architectures ranged from 0.737 to 0.841. Top-1 accuracy of the best deep learning architecture (ResNet-34) ranged from 0.809 to 0.878, depending on batch size. ResNet-34 (batch size = 8) achieved the highest top-1 accuracy (0.878) and themajority (91.8%) ofmisclassification was due to laterality error. Class activation maps indicated that joint morphology, not side markers or other nonanatomical image regions, drove the model decision. Conclusions:Deep convolutional neural networks can classify equine pre-import radiographs into the 48 standard views including moderate discrimination of laterality, independent of side marker presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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164. Influence on Therapeutic Decision-Making of Supine and Standing Radiographs after Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fracture in the Elderly.
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Noguera-Alonso, Laura, Vilà-Canet, Gemma, De Caso-Rodriguez, Julio, Da Ponte-Prieto, Ariadna, Perez-Romera, Ana Belen, and Velazquez-Fragoso, Juan Jose
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RADIOGRAPHS , *OLDER patients , *OLDER people , *VISUAL analog scale , *RADIOGRAPHY - Abstract
Background A standing X-ray is recommended for decision-making relative to the therapy for a traumatic thoracolumbar fracture (TLF). However, standing X-ray management can be demanding in elderly patients because of pain. The goal of this study was to determine whether supine radiograph is sufficient for proper therapeutic decision-making in patients older than 65 years with acute stable traumatic TLF. Methods Patients older than 65 years who came to the emergency department diagnosed with an acute and stable traumatic vertebral fracture between T10 and L3 (both included) were included in the study. Initially, all the patients were studied with a supine radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan. If the TLF was stable, a standing radiograph was performed. Segmental kyphosis (SK) and visual analog scale (VAS) score were collected and compared in both the supine and standing X-ray projections. Results Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 76.39 (range: 65–93) years were included; most were females. The mean supine SK was 10.14degrees (SD±7.22degrees). It increased to 12.97 (SD±8.61degrees) in the standing projection (p <0.001). In 37.1% of the patients, the SK increased from 13.22degrees (SD±7.21degrees) in supine X-ray to 19.96degrees (SD±5.34degrees) in the standing position in this group. When the initial supine projection showed an SK of ≥10degrees, the mean SK observed in the standing X-ray increased to 20.5degrees (SD±5.30, p =0.321). Conclusion Stable traumatic TLF in patients older than 65 years showing ≥10degrees of SK in supine radiography may benefit from a standing radiography to make a proper therapeutic decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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165. Image feature index: A novel metric for quantifying chest radiographic image quality.
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Liang, Zejun, Tang, Jing, Xu, Peng, Zeng, Wen, Zhang, Jiye, Zhang, Yu, Zeng, Lingming, Wang, Hairong, Xia, Chunchao, and Li, Zhenlin
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CHEST X rays , *X-ray imaging , *X-rays , *QUALITY control , *PERCEIVED quality , *STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Background: Radiographic X‐ray imaging is a common clinical examination. Current objective methods for quantifying image quality for radiographs struggle to capture the combined impact of factors throughout the imaging chain on the perceived image quality. Therefore, there is a need to further develop metrics that correlate with image quality as perceived by the observer. Objectives: We proposed the image feature index (IFI) to comprehensively quantify radiographic X‐ray image quality. We also aimed to study the correlation between IFI and observer‐perceived image quality for chest radiographs. Materials and methods: The IFI algorithm was developed, which measured the amount of information, textural features, and noise in the image. A total of 70 chest phantom radiographs were generated under 60–120 kV and 0.2–80 mAs. A vendor‐proprietary exposure index (EI) and dose area product (DAP) were extracted from the DICOM header in addition to calculating IFI for each image to investigate the relationships between IFI, EI and DAP. The quality of the images was rated by three observers, and the correlation between IFI and subjective score of image quality was tested. Next, a retrospective study using a random sample of 50 clinical chest radiographs was performed, and the correlation between IFI and subjective score was tested. The correlation was determined by the Spearman test. Results: The curves of IFI versus DAP and IFI versus EI both demonstrated a similar three‐stage form where IFI is above zero: in the first stage, IFI increases rapidly with increased DAP or EI, whereas in the second stage, the slope of the curves decreased towards an asymptote, that is, minimal gain in IFI with increased DAP or EI—until they hit the inflection point and then descended sharply in the third stage. For both phantom and clinical chest images, IFI demonstrated good correlation with subjective score (r = 0.9084 for phantom images, r = 0.8153 for clinical images). Conclusions: IFI is a feasible and efficient descriptor for image quality for chest radiographs. Future studies with larger sample sizes and sample types are needed to confirm the feasibility of IFI for other exam types and anatomical views, thus fulfilling and extending the potential applications of IFI in quality control and radiation dose reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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166. Imaging Features of Intraosseous Schwannoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.
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Shomal Zadeh, Firoozeh, Azhideh, Arash, Mantilla, Jose G., Kosaraju, Vijaya, Venugopal, Nitin, Gaskin, Cree M., Pooyan, Atefe, Alipour, Ehsan, and Chalian, Majid
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LITERATURE reviews , *LUMBOSACRAL region , *MIDDLE-aged persons , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *NERVE tissue - Abstract
To characterize the imaging features of patients with pathologically confirmed intraosseous schwannoma (IOS), institutional pathology and imaging databases were searched for IOS cases over a period of 17 years. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated all imaging studies. Additionally, a literature search was performed to identify IOS cases that had imaging findings of at least two modalities. Six patients (one female, five males, mean age of 50 ± 14 years) with IOS were identified, with all lesions localized to the lumbosacral region. Radiographic imaging was available in four patients, while all patients underwent CT and MR imaging. Radiographs depicted lytic lesions, and CT depicted heterogeneous expansile lesions with centrally hypodense areas and peripheral sclerosis. All cases involved extra-osseous extension, producing a mass effect on adjacent soft tissues and nerve roots. On MRI, the neoplasms displayed iso- to- slightly- low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted images with heterogeneous enhancement. The literature review resulted in 102 IOS cases, which to the best of our knowledge, is the largest review on IOS, and the imaging findings of the previously published cases were the same as our cases. IOSs are rare benign neoplasms that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of well-defined expansile lytic lesions with sclerotic borders. This is particularly important in middle-aged adults with mandibular, sacral, or vertebral body mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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167. Radiographic Features of Mandibular Second Molars with Eruption Disturbances: A Retrospective Study.
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Kuang, Qianyun, Zhou, Hong, Hong, Huiyi, Lin, Donger, You, Meng, Lai, Wenli, and Long, Hu
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MOLARS , *DENTITION , *DENTIGEROUS cyst , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *RADIOGRAPHS - Abstract
We aimed to establish the characteristics and potential etiological risk factors of eruption disturbances in mandibular second molars (MM2). We retrospectively enrolled patients with eruption disturbances in MM2. A total of 143 MM2 with eruption disturbances from 112 patients (mean age 17.45 ± 6.35) were included in this study. Panoramic radiographs were employed to determine the risk factor, angulation type, impaction depth, tooth development stage, and associated pathology. The novel classification method of MM2 was based on impaction depth and angulation. Of 143 MM2, 137 and 6 were diagnosed with impaction and retention, respectively. Insufficient space was the most frequent risk factor for eruption disturbances. There were no significant differences between retention and impaction regarding sex, age, or side. The most frequent impaction type was Type I. The most frequent angulation of impacted MM2 was mesioangular. Impacted MM2 with shallower depth were more frequently associated with the presence of first molar undercut. Impaction types did not differ according to age, side, development stage, or distance from the MM1 distal surface to the anterior border of the ramus. Dentigerous cysts were associated with earlier MM2 development stages and greater MM2 depth. In conclusion, MM2 impaction types differed according to the risk factor, angulation type, MM1 undercut, and presence of cysts. Early MM2 development stage and greater MM2 depth were risk factors for MM2 eruption disturbances with cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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168. Can an artificial intelligence powered software reliably assess pelvic radiographs?
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Schwarz, Gilbert M, Simon, Sebastian, Mitterer, Jennyfer A, Huber, Stephanie, Frank, Bernhard JH, Aichmair, Alexander, Dominkus, Martin, and Hofstaetter, Jochen G
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *RADIOGRAPHS , *THREE-dimensional imaging , *MEASUREMENT errors , *FEMUR head - Abstract
Purpose: Despite advances of three-dimensional imaging pelvic radiographs remain the cornerstone in the evaluation of the hip joint. However, large inter- and intra-rater variabilities were reported due to subjective landmark setting. Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered software applications could improve the reproducibility of pelvic radiograph evaluation by providing standardized measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and agreement of a newly developed AI algorithm for the evaluation of pelvic radiographs. Methods: Three-hundred pelvic radiographs from 280 patients with different degrees of acetabular coverage and osteoarthritis (Tönnis Grade 0 to 3) were evaluated. Reliability and agreement between manual measurements and the outputs of the AI software were assessed for the lateral-center-edge (LCE) angle, neck-shaft angle, sharp angle, acetabular index, as well as the femoral head extrusion index. Results: The AI software provided reliable results in 94.3% (283/300). The ICC values ranged between 0.73 for the Acetabular Index to 0.80 for the LCE Angle. Agreement between readers and AI outputs, given by the standard error of measurement (SEM), was good for hips with normal coverage (LCE-SEM: 3.4°) and no osteoarthritis (LCE-SEM: 3.3°) and worse for hips with undercoverage (LCE-SEM: 5.2°) or severe osteoarthritis (LCE-SEM: 5.1°). Conclusion: AI-powered applications are a reliable alternative to manual evaluation of pelvic radiographs. While being accurate for patients with normal acetabular coverage and mild signs of osteoarthritis, it needs improvement in the evaluation of patients with hip dysplasia and severe osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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169. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Bone Tumors.
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Janu, Amit, Patra, Anurima, Kumar, Mahesh, Gulia, Ashish, Kulkarni, Suyash, Shetty, Nitin Sudhakar, Puri, Ajay, Nayak, Prakash, and Pruthi, Manish
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POSITRON emission tomography , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *RADIOSCOPIC diagnosis , *DIAGNOSIS , *OSTEOSARCOMA - Abstract
Primary bone sarcomas account for less than 1% of diagnosed cancers each year. In this era of multiplanar and functional imaging, the approach to the radiographic diagnosis of bone cancers goes much beyond traditional radiography. Radiographs are still the most pertinent part of the initial diagnosis of bone tumors. Multimodal imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help with issues such as complex anatomy, marrow assessment, soft assessment, and better local staging. The emerging imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET)-CT/PET-MRI has further transformed the imaging of bone malignancies. Radiologist plays an important role in the workup, staging, and management of bone tumors. The purpose of this article is to review imaging recommendations for better diagnosis, staging, and management of bone tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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170. Radiation Exposure and Frequency of Dental, Bitewing and Occlusal Radiographs in Children and Adolescents.
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Schüler, Ina Manuela, Hennig, Christoph-Ludwig, Buschek, Rika, Scherbaum, Rebecca, Jacobs, Collin, Scheithauer, Marcel, and Mentzel, Hans-Joachim
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RADIATION exposure , *RADIOGRAPHS , *IONIZING radiation , *RADIATION protection , *TEENAGERS , *X-rays - Abstract
Dental radiographs are valuable diagnostic aids for oral healthcare, but exposure to ionizing radiation carries health risks, especially in children due to their high radio-sensitivity. Valid reference values for intraoral radiographs in children and adolescents are still missing. This study aimed to investigate the radiation dose values and underlying justifications of dental, bitewing and occlusal X-rays in children and adolescents. Data from routinely executed intraoral radiographs between 2002 and 2020 with conventional and digital tube-heads were extracted from the Radiology Information System. The effective exposure was calculated from technical parameters and statistical tests performed. A total number of 4455 intraoral (3128 dental, 903 bitewing and 424 occlusal) radiographs were investigated. For dental and bitewing radiographs, the dose area product (DAP) was 2.57 cGy × cm2 and the effective dose (ED) 0.77 µSv. For occlusal radiographs, the DAP was 7.43 cGy × cm2 and the ED 2.22 µSv. Overall, 70.2% of all intraoral radiographs were dental, 20.3% bitewing and 9.5% occlusal radiographs. The most frequent indication for intraoral radiographs was trauma (28.7%), followed by caries (22.7%) and apical diagnostics (22.7%). Moreover, 59.7% of all intraoral radiographs were taken in boys, especially for trauma (66.5%) and endodontics (67.2%) (p ≤ 0.00). Girls were significantly more frequently X-rayed for caries diagnostics than boys (28.1% vs. 19.1%, p ≤ 0.00). The average ED of 0.77 µSv for intraoral dental and bitewing radiographs in this study was within the range of other reported values. The technical parameters of the X-ray devices were found at the lowest recommended levels to best limit the radiation exposure and to assure acceptable diagnostic efficacy. Intraoral radiographs were performed predominantly for trauma, caries and apical diagnostics—reflecting general recommendations for the use of X-rays in children. For improved quality assurance and radiation protection, further studies are necessary to determine the meaningful dose reference level (DRL) for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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171. A comparison of the horizontal and vertical bitewing images in detecting approximal caries and interdental bone loss in posterior teeth: A diagnostic accuracy randomized cross over clinical trial.
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Natto, Zuhair S., Olwi, Anas, and Abduljawad, Faisal
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BONE resorption ,TOOTH loss ,DENTAL caries ,TOOTH cervix ,ALVEOLAR process ,INTERDENTAL papilla - Abstract
Horizontal bitewing radiographs are widely and frequently used in dentistry and are very reliable in diagnosing proximal caries and interproximal alveolar bone level. However, it is challengeable in detecting interproximal root caries, horizontal and/or vertical alveolar bone loss, and furcation involvements. The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of vertical bitewing images in the diagnosis of caries and alveolar bone level compared to the horizontal bitewing technique. Each one of the 20 patients had eight bitewing radiographs to get four horizontal bitewing (control) and four vertical bitewing (experimental) images for the same posterior area; a steel wire (3 mm) was used on the sensor plate to help measure the magnification later on. The radiographs were processed digitally and were evaluated for caries by two expert restorative specialists and for bone loss by two experienced periodontists. They were also compared to the "gold standard," which is using of both clinical and radiographic examination for diagnosis. They were blinded to each other during images evaluation. Of the 20-patient sample size, 70% were male and 30% were female, with a mean age of 29.9. The average number of radiographs taken to achieve four standard bitewing radiographs was 5.9 ± 1.7 for vertical bitewings and 5.3 ± 1.3 for horizontal bitewing radiograph. The measurements from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the level of crestal bone didn't show a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical bitewing radiographs. The detection of furcation area in the molar teeth was much higher in the vertical bitewing (100%) compared to the horizontal bitewing (57.5%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The vertical bitewing radiograph has the upper hand over the horizontal bitewing radiograph in the detection of furcation involvement, caries detection, and alveolar bone loss. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use vertical bitewing in caries and patients with periodontal disease rather than the conventional horizontal bitewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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172. PREVALENCE OF THIRD MOLAR TEETH IMPACTION IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION. A RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT.
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SHIHAAB E NOOR, S. Syed and RAJASEKAR, Arvina
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MOLARS ,THIRD molars ,IMPACTION of teeth ,INDIANS (Asians) ,ROOT resorption (Teeth) - Abstract
Introduction: Impaction is a condition in which a tooth is completely or partially unerupted and positioned against another tooth, bone or soft tissue, so that its further eruption is unlikely, according to its anatomic position. Phylogenetic evolution and genetics are thought to be some of the causes for impaction. Impacted teeth are often associated with pericoronitis, periodontitis, cystic lesions, neoplasm, root resorption, and can cause detrimental effects on adjacent tooth. Aim: To radiographically analyse the prevalence of third molar teeth impaction and its pattern in South Indian population. Materials and methods: The data for the radiographic analysis was derived from OPGs (orthopantomograms) taken in Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, between June 2021 to June 2022 for adult patients. Out of the 979 OPGs recorded, 582 were included in the study. Results and discussion: In the present study, the prevalence of third molar impaction was 37.7%. Missing third molars were increasingly reported in the first quadrant, followed by the second, fourth and third quadrant. When the pattern of impaction was studied, vertical impaction followed the order: first quadrant higher than fourth quadrant, the second followed by the third. When mesioangular impaction was analysed, the fourth quadrant was followed by the third, the first and then the second quadrant. When the distoangular pattern was studied, the second and first quadrants were reported to have the same pattern, followed by the third and fourth ones, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of mandibular impaction was higher than maxillary impaction in South Indian population. Our study also revealed that the depth of impaction was mostly of level A, followed by levels B and C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
173. Elusive long‐standing intraoral foreign body: A rare encounter
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Chandini R, Saranya R, Murali Balasubramaniam, Ranjini Rajkumar, Safal Dhungel, and Snehashish Ghosh
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aspiration ,dentistry ,foreign body ,ingestion ,radiograph ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Key Clinical Message Foreign body ingestion/aspiration can occur during orthodontic procedures that may be of minimal risk or lead to acute medical and life‐threatening emergencies. The present report describes a rare case of retained orthodontic wire fragment in the masticator space for nearly two decades identified as an incidental radiographic finding, highlighting the importance of optimum care in the dental clinic at all times be it surgical or nonsurgical intervention.
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- 2023
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174. The use of robot-assisted surgery for the unstable traumatic spine: A retrospective cohort study
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Luis Daniel Diaz-Aguilar, MD, Nolan J. Brown, BS, Nicholas Bui, BS, Bejan Alvandi, MD, Zach Pennington, MD, Julian Gendreau, MD, Sunil P. Jeswani, MD, Martin H. Pham, MD, David R. Santiago-Dieppa, MD, and Andrew D. Nguyen, MD, PhD
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Trauma ,Robotics ,Imaging ,Registration ,Radiograph ,Spine ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Background: Robotic assistance has been shown to increase instrumentation placement accuracy in open and minimally invasive spinal fusion. These gains have been achieved without increases in operative times, blood loss, or hospitalization duration. However, most work has been done in the degenerative population and little is known of the utility of robotic assistance when applied to spinal trauma. This is largely due to the uncertainty stemming from the disruption of normal anatomy by the traumatic injury. Since the robot depends upon registration for instrumentation guidance according to the fiducials it uses, trauma can introduce unique challenges. The present study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic assistance in a consecutive cohort of spine trauma patients. Methods: All patients with Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Scale (TLICS) >4 who underwent robot-assisted spinal fusion using the Globus ExcelsiusGPS at a single tertiary care center for trauma between 2020 and 2022 were identified. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected and analyzed; the primary endpoints were operative time, fluoroscopy time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, admission time, and 90-day readmission rate. The paired t-test was used to compare differences between mean values when looking at the number of surgical levels. Results: Forty-two patients undergoing robot-assisted spinal surgery were included (mean age 61.3±17.1 year; 47% female. Patients were stratified by the number of operative levels, 2 (n = 10), 3-4 (n = 11), 5 to 6 (n = 13), or >6 (n = 8). There appeared to be a positive correlation between number of levels instrumented and odds of postoperative complications, admission duration, fluoroscopy time, and estimated blood loss. There were no instances of screw malposition or breach. Conclusions: This initial experience suggests robotic assistance can be safely employed in the spine trauma population. Additional experiences in larger patient populations are necessary to delineate those traumatic pathologies most amenable to robotic assistance.
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- 2023
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175. Understanding transfer learning for chest radiograph clinical report generation with modified transformer architectures
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Edward Vendrow and Ethan Schonfeld
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Pre-training ,Transfer learning ,Memory-meshed transformer ,CheXpert ,Radiograph ,Natural language generation ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The image captioning task is increasingly prevalent in artificial intelligence applications for medicine. One important application is clinical report generation from chest radiographs. The clinical writing of unstructured reports is time consuming and error-prone. An automated system would improve standardization, error reduction, time consumption, and medical accessibility. In this paper we demonstrate the importance of domain specific pre-training and propose a modified transformer architecture for the medical image captioning task. To accomplish this, we train a series of modified transformers to generate clinical reports from chest radiograph image input. These modified transformers include: a meshed-memory augmented transformer architecture with visual extractor using ImageNet pre-trained weights, a meshed-memory augmented transformer architecture with visual extractor using CheXpert pre-trained weights, and a meshed-memory augmented transformer whose encoder is passed the concatenated embeddings using both ImageNet pre-trained weights and CheXpert pre-trained weights. We use BLEU(1-4), ROUGE-L, CIDEr, and the clinical CheXbert F1 scores to validate our models and demonstrate competitive scores with state of the art models. We provide evidence that ImageNet pre-training is ill-suited for the medical image captioning task, especially for less frequent conditions (e.g.: enlarged cardiomediastinum, lung lesion, pneumothorax). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the double feature model improves performance for specific medical conditions (edema, consolidation, pneumothorax, support devices) and overall CheXbert F1 score, and should be further developed in future work. Such a double feature model, including both ImageNet pre-training as well as domain specific pre-training, could be used in a wide range of image captioning models in medicine.
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- 2023
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176. Sex estimation using proximal femoral parameters of adult population in the Volta region of Ghana
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Raymond Saa-Eru Maalman, Joseph K. Korpisah, Kingsley Ampong, Nancy Darkoa Darko, Isaac E. Ennin, Esther Eseenam Kpordzih, Micheal Barima Kumi, Mahamudu Ayamba Ali, and Peter Adatara
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Femur ,Sex estimation ,Right hip axis length ,Head diameter ,Radiograph ,Criminal law and procedure ,K5000-5582 - Abstract
Background: The estimation of sex is a fundamental component in the establishment of a biological profile and a critical step for the identification of skeletal remains in forensic contexts. The proximal femoral geometry is frequently evaluated at crime scene for the estimation of sex, but the use of radiograph anthropometry for the estimation of sex is rare, even though radiographs would be easier to handle than bone specimen. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate sex using proximal femoral parameters of adult population in the Volta region of Ghana. Method: This study made use of 214 normal anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the pelvis that showed the hip joints and the proximal femora. The age and sex were recorded. Four proximal femoral parameters were measured on the radiographs using the ‘DICOM radiology reader software. The hip axis length was measured and mean difference of the parameters between the genders and the laterality categories were assessed. Results: Three out of the four parameters measured; femoral head diameter, neck diameter and hip axis length demonstrated statistically significantly difference (p = 0.0001) between the males and females in both right and left side measurement. The right hip axis length (RHAL) and left head diameter (LHD) contributed significantly to sex estimation. Conclusion: The right hip axis length demonstrates a high accuracy of 81.3% in sex determination among the population. This is the first study to present this finding in this population and might provide another way (if not easier way) to estimate the sex of a given skeletal specimen may give valuable insight into a better-customised implant and prosthesis design.
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- 2023
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177. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance imaging
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Sonia Sandip and S H Chandarashekhara
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magnetic resonance imaging ,osteomyelitis ,radiograph ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a noninfective auto-inflammatory bone disease; characterized by multifocal involvement of bone. This condition is primarily seen in children and adolescents though sometimes can be found in adults. It is primarily diagnosis of exclusion which is made in conjunction with radiological finding with clinical details with/or histopathology and at present no single test or modality is available to make the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can give clue to the diagnosis by demonstration of the involvement of bone in a specific distribution pattern. We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with MR features of CRMO.
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- 2023
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178. Prevalence of subclinical axial involvement in patients diagnosed with peripheral psoriatic arthritis on X‐rays: A single‐centre retrospective study.
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Mizukawa, Itsumi, Kamata, Masahiro, Yamamoto, Asako, and Tada, Yayoi
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X-rays , *MEDICAL screening , *MUSCULOSKELETAL pain , *DIAGNOSIS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
This article, published in Experimental Dermatology, explores the prevalence of subclinical axial involvement in patients diagnosed with peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using X-rays. The study found that 84.2% of patients with peripheral musculoskeletal pain and radiologically diagnosed with peripheral PsA had subclinical axial involvement. The findings suggest the importance of screening for axial involvement in patients with peripheral arthritis. The study also highlights the need for further investigation into the development of axial lesions in PsA. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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179. Radiograph Interpretation Discrepancies in a Community Hospital Emergency Department
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Tranovich, Michael J., Gooch, Christopher M., and Dougherty, Joseph M.
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radiograph ,discrepancies ,emergency medicine - Abstract
Introduction: In many hospitals, off-hours emergency department (ED) radiographs are not read by a radiologist until the following morning and are instead interpreted by the emergency physician (EP) at the time of service. Studies have found conflicting results regarding the radiographic interpretation discrepancies between EPs and trained radiologists. The aim of this study was to identify the number of radiologic interpretation discrepancies between EPs and radiologists in a community ED setting.Methods: Using a pre-existing logbook of radiologic discrepancies as well as our institution’s picture archiving and communication system, all off-hours interpretation discrepancies between January 2012 and January 2015 were reviewed and recorded in a de-identified fashion. We recorded the type of radiograph obtained for each patient. Discrepancy grades were recorded based on a pre-existing 1-4 scale defined in the institution’s protocol logbook as Grade 1 (no further action needed); Grade 2 (call to the patient or pharmacy); Grade 3 (return to ED for further treatment, e.g., fracture not splinted); Grade 4 (return to ED for serious risk, e.g., pneumothorax, bowel obstruction). We also recorded the total number of radiographs formally interpreted by EPs during the prescribed time-frame to determine overall agreement between EPs and radiologists.Results: There were 1044 discrepancies out of 16,111 EP reads, indicating 93.5% agreement. Patients averaged 48.4 ± 25.0 years of age and 53.3% were female; 25.1% were over-calls by EPs. The majority of discrepancies were minor with 75.8% Grade 1 and 22.3% Grade 2. Only 1.7% were Grade 3, which required return to the ED for further treatment. A small number of discrepancies, 0.2%, were Grade 4. Grade 4 discrepancies accounted for two of the 16,111 total reads, equivalent to 0.01%. A slight disagreement in finding between EP and radiologist accounted for 8.3% of discrepancies.Conclusion:Results suggest that plain radiographic studies can be interpreted by EPs with a very low incidence of clinically significant discrepancies when compared to the radiologist interpretation. Due to rare though significant discrepancies, radiologist interpretation should be performed when available. Further studies are needed to determine the generalizability of this study to EDs with differing volume, patient population, acuity, and physician training.
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- 2019
180. The West China Hospital radiographic classification for fibrous dysplasia in femur and adjacent bones: A retrospective analysis of 205 patients
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Yitian Wang, Yi Luo, Li Min, Yong Zhou, Jie Wang, Yuqi Zhang, Minxun Lu, Hong Duan, and Chongqi Tu
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Classification ,Fibrous dysplasia ,Radiograph ,Treatment ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the reliability and clinical outcome of a newly developed classification system for patients with fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the femur and adjacent bones, optimizing its evaluation and management. Methods A total of 205 patients (121 female and 84 male) with FD in the femur and adjacent bones were included in this retrospective study. All affected femurs were measured and treated based on this classification at our institution between 2009 and 2019. Based on previous studies and extensive clinical follow‐up, we cautiously proposed the West China Hospital radiographic classification for FD in femur and adjacent bones following corresponding treatment options. There are five types with five radiographic features, including proximal femur bone loss, coxa vara, femoral shaft deformity, genu valgum, and hip arthritis. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of this classification was assessed by four observers using the Cohen kappa statistic. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the criteria of Guille. Results At a median follow‐up of 60 months (range 6–120), 205 patients (median 34.8 years old, range 18–73 years old) were categorized into the following five types: Type I 31.7%, Type II 30.2%, Type III 20.5%, Type IV 10.2%, and Type V 7.3%. The mean interobserver and intraobserver kappa scores were 0.85 (range 0.77–0.89) and 0.85 (range 0.79–0.92), respectively. For clinical outcomes, there was no significant difference in the postoperative Guille score for Type I patients (mean 9.01 ± 1.22). There was a significant increase in the postoperative Guille score in Type II, III, IV, and V, compared to the preoperative values (P
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- 2022
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181. Apical status and prevalence of endodontic treated teeth among Saudi adults in Eastern province: A prospective radiographic evaluation
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Khalaf A. Al-Awasi, Ghada A. Altaroti, Mustafa A. Aldajani, Abeer Assaf Alshammari, Marwah Ahmed Almunasif, Abdulrahman Abdullah M. AlQarni, Mohammed Ameer Aldokhi, Tarek Ezzeldin, and Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui
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Periapical lesion ,Prevalence ,Endodontics ,Radiograph ,Treatment failure ,Medicine ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Introduction: The main cause for developing periapical lesions (PA) is the root canal infection. The mentioned causes may play a role in not controlling it but are not a “true” cause. Objective: To determine apical status and prevalence of endodontic treated tooth using radiograph assessment in relation to quality of root canal treatment and clinical factors among Saudi adults in the Eastern province. Patients and methods: This prospective case series study included 2161 patients who received root canal treatment (RCT) at Dammam Specialized Dental Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, between October 21, 2019 and April 22, 2020, after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Research Board (IRB). Saudi natives of either gender, age ≥ 18, with at least one fixed bridge or single dental crown evaluated on a clear, high-quality radiography image were recruited for the study. To determine the periapical state of root canal-filled teeth, the 'periapical index' (PAI) was used. All pertinent patient information was analyzed in SPSS verion-20 (IBM product, Chicago). Results: Out of 2161 cases, a PA lesion was present in 756 (35.0%). The prevalence of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth was 31.2%. PA lesion was associated with molar involvement (50.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.001), poor RCT quality (85.2% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.001), and smoking (13.6% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.028). According to logistic regression model, female gender, molar tooth, and poor RCT quality were more likely to expose PA lesion 1.5 times, 1.8 times, and 5 times, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that approximately 1/3rd of endodontically treated teeth are susceptible to the occurrence of periapical lesions in radiographic assessment, which are significantly associated with females, molars, and poor RCT quality, indicating a challenge for endodontists to improve their root canal assessment accuracy.
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- 2022
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182. A 135° short inlay humeral stem leads to comparable radiographic and clinical outcomes compared with a standard-length stem for reverse shoulder arthroplasty
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Brandon J. Erickson, MD, Patrick J. Denard, MD, Justin W. Griffin, MD, Thomas Wittman, MD, Patric Raiss, MD, Reuben Gobezie, MD, Evan Lederman, MD, and Brian C. Werner, MD
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Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) ,Radiograph ,Short stem ,Loosening ,Humeral component ,Outcome ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Background: Humeral stem length in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has decreased in recent years in an attempt to preserve more bone and facilitate stem removal in the revision setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a short- to standard-length stem RTSA. The authors hypothesized that there would be no difference in radiographic or clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up. Methods: Patients who underwent RTSA using a press-fit standard- or short-length humeral component with a consistent geometry (Univers Revers, or Revers Apex; Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, USA) were evaluated in a multicenter retrospective review. The minimum clinical follow-up was 2 years. Immediate postoperative radiographs were used to assess initial alignment and filling ratios. In addition, radiographs at 2 years were evaluated for signs of stress shielding and/or loosening. Clinical outcome scores and range of motion were evaluated at the final follow-up and compared between groups. Results: A total of 220 patients with short-stem RTSA and 357 patients with standard-length stem RTSA were analyzed. There was no difference in baseline function between short- and standard-length stem patients. Patients in the short stem group had higher postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (84.6 vs. 80.8; P = .014) and Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (86.5 vs. 82.7; P = .025). Patients in the short stem group also had greater postoperative active forward flexion (139° vs. 132°; P = .003) and internal rotation with the arm at 90° of abduction (43° vs. 32°; P .05). Conclusion: A short inlay stem leads to comparable radiographic findings and revision-free survival compared with a standard-length stem when placed with a press-fit technique for RTSA. Clinical outcomes are also equivalent or slightly improved with a short stem compared with a standard-length stem.
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- 2022
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183. Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department: How to Select the Correct Imaging for Diagnosis
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Wolfe C, Halsey-Nichols M, Ritter K, and McCoin N
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computed tomography ,ultrasound ,radiograph ,appendicitis ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Carmen Wolfe,1 Maglin Halsey-Nichols,2 Kathryn Ritter,3 Nicole McCoin4 1Department of Emergency Medicine, TriStar Skyline Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USACorrespondence: Carmen Wolfe, Department of Emergency Medicine, TriStar Skyline Medical Center, 3443 Dickerson Pike, Suite 550, Nashville, TN, USA, Tel +1 615 426 4692, Fax +1 615 860 5229, Email Carmen.wolfe@hcahealthcare.comAbstract: Abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department, and utilization of diagnostic imaging is often a key tool in determining its etiology. Plain radiography has limited utility in this population. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for undifferentiated abdominal pain. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in specific scenarios, primarily in pediatrics and pregnancy, and offer the benefit of eliminating ionizing radiation risk of CT. Guidance for imaging selection is determined by location of pain, special patient considerations, and specific suspected etiologies. Expert guidance is offered by the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® which outlines imaging options based on location of pain.Keywords: computed tomography, ultrasound, radiograph, appendicitis
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- 2022
184. Forensic age estimation in living children: how accurate is the Greulich-Pyle method in Sabah, East Malaysia?
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Khin Mya Nang, Abdul Jabbar Ismail, Anithaa Tangaperumal, Aye Aye Wynn, Tin Tin Thein, Firdaus Hayati, and Yong Guang Teh
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bone age ,forensic age ,Greulich-Pyle atlas ,Sabah ,radiograph ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
BackgroundThe Greulich and Pyle's Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist (GP Atlas) is the most widely used method of determining the bone age (BA) of a child. It is also a widely accepted method for forensic age determination. As there is limited local bone age data for forensic age estimation, the purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the GP Atlas for forensic age determination in living Sabahan children.MethodThis study recruited 182 children between the ages of 9 years to 18 years. BA estimation of the left-hand anteroposterior radiographs were performed by two experienced radiologists using the Greulich-Pyle method.ResultsThe BA estimates from two radiologists had very high interobserver reliability (ICC 0.937) and a strong positive interobserver correlation (r > 0.90). The GP method, significantly and consistently underestimated chronological age (CA) by 0.7, 0.6 and 0.7 years in overall children, boys and girls respectively with minimal errors. Mean absolute error and root of mean squared error for overall children was 1.5 and 2.2 years respectively, while mean absolute percentage error was 11.6%. This underestimation was consistent across all age groups but was statistically significant only at 13–13.9 and 17–18.9 years old age groups.ConclusionDespite high interobserver reliability of BA estimation using the GP Atlas, this method consistently underestimates the age of the child in all children to a significant degree, for both boys and girls across all age groups, with an acceptably low level of error metrics. Our findings suggest that locally validated GP Atlas or other type of assessments (artificial intelligence or machine learning) are needed for assessment of BA to accurately predict CA, since current GP Atlas standards significantly underestimated chronological age with minimal error for children in Sabah. A larger population-based study would be necessary for establishing a validated atlas of a bone age in Malaysia.
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- 2023
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185. Retrospective Review of Radiographic Imaging of Tibial Bony Stress Injuries in Adolescent Athletes With Positive MRI Findings: A Comparative Study.
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Nussbaum, Eric D., King, Catherine, Epstein, Robert, Bjornaraa, Jaynie, Buckley, Patrick S., and Gatt Jr., Charles J.
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ORTHOPEDISTS ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,SPORTS physicians ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,TEENAGERS ,RADIOGRAPHS ,RUNNING injuries ,GROIN pain - Abstract
Background: It is difficult to diagnose and grade bony stress injury (BSI) in the athletic adolescent population without advanced imaging. Radiographs are recommended as a first imaging modality, but have limited sensitivity and, even when findings are present, advanced imaging is often recommended. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the significance of radiographs is underestimated for BSI in the adolescent with positive clinical examination and history findings. Study design: Case series Level of evidence: Level 4 Methods: A total of 80 adolescent athletes with a history of shin pain underwent clinical examination by an orthopaedic surgeon. On the day of clinical examination, full-length bilateral tibial radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained. MRI scans were reviewed using Fredericson grading for BSI. At the completion of the study, radiographic images were re-evaluated by 2 musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists, blinded to MRI and clinical examination results, who reviewed the radiographs for evidence of BSI. Radiographic results were compared with clinical examination and MRI findings. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were calculated based on comparison with MRI. Results: All radiographs were originally read as normal. Of the tibia studied, 80% (127 of 160) showed evidence of BSI on MRI. None of the original radiographs demonstrated a fracture line on initial review by the orthopaedic surgeons. Retrospective review by 2 MSK radiologists identified 27% of radiographs (34 of 127) with evidence of abnormality, which correlated with clinical examination and significant findings on MRI. Review of radiographs found evidence of new bone on 0 of 28 Fredericson grade 0, 0 of 19 Fredericson grade I, 11 of 80 (13.7%) Fredericson grade II, 18 of 28 (64%) Fredericson grade III, and 5 of 5 (100%) Fredericson grade IV. Sensitivity of radiographs showed evidence of new bone on 27% (34 of 127) of initial radiographs, with presence more common with greater degree of BSI, as 23 of 33 (70%) were higher-grade injuries (III of IV) of BSI. Specificity and positive predictive value were 100%, while negative predictive value was 17%. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of initial radiographs in identifying high-grade BSI. As radiographs are readily available in most office settings of sports medicine physicians, this information can influence the management of adolescent athletic BSI without the need to delay treatment to obtain an MRI. Clinical Relevance: Adolescent athletes with radiographic evidence of BSI should be treated in a timely and more conservative manner, given the likelihood of higher-grade BSI. In addition, clinicians knowledgeable of the radiographic findings of high-grade BSI should feel more confident that a negative initial radiograph is not likely to be a high-grade BSI and can modify their treatment plans accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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186. A Study On Measurement Of Transverse Internal Diameter Of Trachea At C6 Vertebral Level By Computed Tomography And Its Clinical Implications.
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Mistry, Bileswar, Goswami, Arpan Kumar, Dey, Saikat Kumar, and Baske, Anupam
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COMPUTED tomography , *TRACHEA , *AGE groups , *DIAMETER , *SCATTER diagrams , *MEDICAL schools - Abstract
Aim: To study the measurement of transverse internal diameter of trachea by CT scan in patients and to compare the parameters between males and females. Methods: This prospective study performed at Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, India, over a period of 1 year and 6 months from January 2015 to June 2016. 100 patients were selected among which 63 were male and 37 were female. Results: Data of 100 participants were analysed out of which 63%were males &37% were female. Majority (35%) of study subjects belonged to the age group of 11-20 years. From the results of the ananlysisit was clear that the influence of gender was found to be consistent throughout all the age groups i.e. female had a comparatively lower TIDT than that of the male. Scatter plot/Dot diagram between age and TIDT for the higher age group was revealed to be helpful for us to understand the influence of age on TIDT in the higher age group. It showed that only 3 percent variation in outcome variable (TIDT) could be explained by variation in input variable (age). Straightline equation (y=1.28+9.61E-4*x) showing a huge error component (E) indicated that in this age group role of age on TIDT was insignificant. Age played a positive role in the TIDT up to the age of 21 years and gender was shown to have role in all age groups. Conclusion: CT is a relatively accurate and safe way to measure the transverse internal diameter of the trachea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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187. Radiographic findings involved in knee osteoarthritis progression are associated with pain symptom frequency and baseline disease severity: a population-level analysis using deep learning.
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Kunze, Kyle N., Jang, Seong Jun, Li, Tim, Mayman, David A., Vigdorchik, Jonathan M., Jerabek, Seth A., Fragomen, Austin T., and Sculco, Peter K.
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KNEE pain , *KNEE osteoarthritis , *DEEP learning , *JOINT pain , *ANATOMICAL planes , *CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks - Abstract
Purpose: To (1) develop a deep-learning (DL) algorithm capable of producing limb-length and knee-alignment measurements, and (2) determine the association between limb-length discrepancy (LLD), coronal-plane alignment, osteoarthritis (OA) severity, and patient-reported knee pain. Methods: A multicenter, prospective patient cohort from the Osteoarthritis Initiative between 2004 and 2015 with full-limb standing radiographs at 12 month follow-up was included. A convolutional neural network was developed to automate measurements of the hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle, femur, and tibia lengths, and LLD. At 12 month follow-up, patients reported their frequency of knee pain since enrollment and current level of knee pain. Results: A total of 1011 patients (2022 knees, 52.3% female) with an average age of 61.2 ± 9.0 years were included. The algorithm performed 12,312 measurements in 5.4 h. ICC values of HKA and LLD ranged between 0.87 and 1.00 when compared against trained radiologist measurements. Knees producing pain most days of the month were significantly more varus (mean HKA:− 3.9° ± 2.8°) or valgus (mean HKA:2.8° ± 2.3°) compared to knees that did not produce any pain (p < 0.05). In varus knees, those producing pain on most days were part of the shorter limb compared to nonpainful knees (p < 0.05). Baseline Kellgren–Lawrence grade was significantly associated with HKA magnitude, LLD, and pain frequency at 12 month follow-up (p < 0.05 all). Conclusion: A higher frequency of knee pain was associated with more severe coronal plane deformity, with valgus deviation being one degree less than varus on average, suggesting that the knee tolerates less valgus deformation before symptoms become more consistent. Knee pain frequency was also associated with greater LLD and baseline KL grade, suggesting an association between radiographically apparent joint degeneration and pain frequency. Level of evidence: IV case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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188. Imaging Characteristics of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: More Than Just Spinal Bony Bridges.
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Eshed, Iris
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EXOSTOSIS , *BONE growth , *SACROILIAC joint , *SPINE , *SKELETON - Abstract
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic condition characterized by new bone formation and enthesopathies of the axial and peripheral skeleton. The pathogenesis of DISH is not well understood, and it is currently considered a non-inflammatory condition with an underlying metabolic derangement. Currently, DISH diagnosis relies on the Resnick and Niwayama criteria, which encompass end-stage disease with an already ankylotic spine. Imaging characterization of the axial and peripheral skeleton in DISH subjects may potentially help identify earlier diagnostic criteria and provide further data for deciphering the general pathogenesis of DISH and new bone formation. In the current review, we aim to summarize and characterize axial and peripheral imaging findings of the skeleton related to DISH, along with their clinical and pathogenetic relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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189. Stemless components lead to improved radiographic restoration of humeral head anatomy compared with short-stemmed components in total shoulder arthroplasty.
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Sears, Benjamin W., Creighton, Robert A., Denard, Patrick J., Griffin, Justin W., Lichtenberg, Sven, Lederman, Evan S., and Werner, Brian C.
- Abstract
Restoring the native center of rotation (COR) in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been shown to improve postsurgical function, subjective outcomes, and implant longevity. The primary purpose of this study was to compare postoperative radiographic restoration of the humeral COR between short-stem and stemless humeral implants by evaluating the mean COR shift between the 2 techniques. Secondary outcomes evaluated were comparisons of COR shift outliers, humeral head implant thickness and diameter, direction of COR shift, and neck-shaft angle (NSA). This study was a multicenter retrospective comparative study using a consecutive series of primary anatomic TSA patients who received either a short-stem or stemless humeral implant. Radiographically, COR and NSA were measured by 2 fellowship-trained surgeons using the best-fit circle technique on immediate postoperative Grashey radiographs. A total of 229 patients formed the final cohort for analysis that included 89 short stems and 140 stemless components. The mean COR shift for short stems was 2.7 mm (±1.4 mm) compared with 2.1 mm (±0.9 mm) for stemless implants (P <.001). The percentage of short-stem implant patients with a >2 mm COR difference from native was 66.0% (n = 62) compared with 47.4% (n = 64) for stemless (P =.006). The percentage of short-stem patients with a >4 mm COR difference from native was 17.0% (n = 16) compared with 3.0% (n = 4) for stemless (P <.001). The mean humeral implant head thickness for short stems was 18.7 ± 2.2 mm compared with 17.2 ± 1.3 mm for stemless implants (P <.001). The mean humeral head diameter for short stems was 48.7 ± 4.4 mm compared with 45.5 ± 3.5 mm for stemless implants (P <.001). The NSA for the short-stem cohort was 136.7° (±3.6°) compared with 133.5° (±6.0°) for stemless (P <.001). Stemless prostheses placed during TSA achieved improved restoration of humeral head COR and were less likely to have significant COR outliers compared with short-stem implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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190. Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs.
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Tangpakornsak, Theethad, Saisawart, Phasamon, Sutthigran, Somchin, Jaturunratsamee, Kotchapol, Tachampa, Kittipong, Thanaboonnipat, Chutimon, and Choisunirachon, Nan
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DOG breeds ,THORACIC vertebrae ,BEAGLE (Dog breed) ,HEART size ,INTERVERTEBRAL disk ,DOGS ,VERTEBRAE - Abstract
Simple Summary: The vertebral heart score (VHS) is the most frequent technique for evaluating the canine cardiac size on thoracic radiographs. However, VHS values are varied among dog breeds, possibly due to the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae. The characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae and the range of the VHS value of the healthy Welsh Corgi Pembroke (Corgis) have never been reported. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae of the Corgi in comparison with other small-to-medium breed dogs. Among the dog breeds, the characteristics observed through the ratio between the vertebral length and height were different, and the rank of these ratios among the breeds was correlated to the rank of the previously published VHS values. Comparing among the dog breeds, the characteristics of the Corgi's thoracic vertebrae were more elongated in shape, and the Corgi-specific VHS was significantly lower than the original reported value. Therefore, the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae might be one of the main factors affecting the normal VHS values among different dog breeds. The vertebral heart score (VHS) is the sum of the ratio of the cardiac dimensions to the number of thoracic vertebrae, starting from the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) to the intervertebral disk space (IVS). Breed-specific VHSs, in most cases, were different from the original reference value. Characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae and IVS may influence this variation. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the T4 and IVS on the thoracic radiographs of Corgis in comparison with other small-to-medium breed dogs to evaluate the Corgi-specific VHSs in healthy dogs. The ratio of the T4's length/height (T4L/H) was significantly different among dog breeds but not the IVS between the T4 and T5. The T4L/H was highest in the Shih Tzu and lowest in Beagle dogs. The Corgi-specific VHS obtained from the ventrodorsal radiograph was significantly higher than that from the dorsoventral radiograph, but a significant difference was not observed between the right and left lateral radiographs. In contrast, the Corgi-specific VHS derived from the right lateral thoracic radiograph was significantly lower than the reference value. This may be correlated with the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae of Corgis, which were slightly higher than those of the other breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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191. Psychophysiological and Oral Impact of The Covid-19 Health Crisis.
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Pazmiño Lascano, Melanie Marcela, Villacís Tipantasi, Tatiana Maribel, and Armijos Briones, Fernando Marcelo
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COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY ,QUARANTINE ,EMOTION regulation ,PERIODONTAL disease - Abstract
Aim: The infectious disease known as COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a diverse impact on the population, affecting each person individually. Material and method: As a measure to curb its rapid spread, a mandatory quarantine was implemented involving the isolation of both carriers and non-carriers of the disease. This situation has triggered negative psychological and oral responses, generating disorders such as stress, depression and anxiety, which are characterized by alterations in cognition, emotional regulation and behavior. Statistics and Result: In addition, oral manifestations such as bruxism, periodontal disease and other lesions have been observed. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the possible relationship between the oral and psychophysical state of people due to the isolation caused by the pandemic and COVID-19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
192. Radiographic Distribution as a Diagnostic Clue in Pulmonary Disease.
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Bhardwaj, Abhishek, Ghosh, Subha, and Stoller, James K.
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LUNG disease diagnosis ,LUNG diseases ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
Because some disease processes produce radiographic abnormalities that occur in characteristic distributions in the chest, classifying the position and appearance of these suggestive features and the underlying diseases provides a tool by which diagnostic accuracy might be improved. The goal of this review is to offer to the chest clinician a taxonomy of these disease entities that can produce characteristic chest radiographic distributions. These radiographic distributions often reflect anatomic or physiologic conditions that drive the radiographic appearance; for example, foramen of Morgagni diaphragmatic hernias most commonly present in the right ventral chest, consistent with the anatomic location of the diaphragmatic foramen. This taxonomy includes 3 distributional categories: (1) upper versus lower lung zone-predominant processes, (2) central versus peripheral processes, and (3) processes with distinctive focal locations, eg, "photonegative appearance" as in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. It is hoped that this taxonomy aids the chest clinician in generating and streamlining a differential diagnosis and in ascertaining the specific cause of diseases with radiographic abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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193. Linear foreign body in the small intestine of a Persian cat-a case report.
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Al Muheiri, Maitha, Mohteshamuddin, Khaja, Mahel, Zaib, and Ayub, Azhar
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FOREIGN body reaction ,SMALL intestine diseases ,DISEASE complications ,VETERINARY radiography ,ABDOMINAL surgery - Abstract
Foreign body in gastrointestinal tract is a common problem in small animal practice, especially in domestic cats. A case report of recurrent ingested thread as a linear foreign body with the thread held back by the tongue and stuck causing further complications is presented in this case report. Interestingly, the radiographic results did not indicate the paisley shaped gas pattern which is characteristic of a linear foreign body. The final diagnosis was made by exploratory laparotomy which confirmed the presence of several threads in the small intestine. Therefore, this complex case was diagnosed based on history, clinical signs and results of radiography and confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. This is the first ever published case report of successful clinical management of a linear foreign body in UAE according to the authors' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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194. Forensic Examination of Post-Fire Damaged Electrical Conductors by Using X-Ray Radiographs.
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Svare, Mark J.
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ELECTRICAL conductors ,FIRE investigation ,X-rays ,RADIOGRAPHS ,FORENSIC sciences - Abstract
Structural fires globally have a catastrophic impact on loss of life, property damage, and socioeconomic factors. Forensic scientists, engineers, and/or fire investigators — often working together as fire investigation practitioners — are commonly tasked with determining both the area of fire origin and its cause. During the course of a fire investigation, a fire investigation practitioner may implement an origin determination methodology termed “arc mapping” or an “arc survey.” The correct application of an arc survey as a fire origin determination method is dependent on the fire investigation practitioner’s ability to distinguish and characterize features observed on post-fire damage electrical wiring and equipment. Experiments were conducted to generate a dataset of post-fire damaged electrical conductor artifacts. Generated artifacts were visually examined, compared, and characterized by X-ray examination. The research results produced a validated, novel, non-destructive methodology for utilizing X-ray imagery to reliably distinguish and characterize electrical conductor damage features for forensic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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195. Applicability of demirjian method using dental age estimation comprehensive chart (DAECC) in a group of Haryana children
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Kohli, Ravshish Kaur, Mishra, Amarnath, Haque, Ikramul, and Gupta, Shruti
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- 2022
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196. Deep learning algorithm to evaluate cervical spondylotic myelopathy using lateral cervical spine radiograph
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Gun Woo Lee, Hyunkwang Shin, and Min Cheol Chang
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Deep learning ,Cervical spine ,Myelopathy ,Radiograph ,Artificial intelligence ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Deep learning (DL) is an advanced machine learning approach used in different areas such as image analysis, bioinformatics, and natural language processing. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a representative DL model that is highly advantageous for imaging recognition and classification This study aimed to develop a CNN using lateral cervical spine radiograph to detect cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods We retrospectively recruited 207 patients who visited the spine center of a university hospital. Of them, 96 had CSM (CSM patients) while 111 did not have CSM (non-CSM patients). CNN algorithm was used to detect cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Of the included patients, 70% (145 images) were assigned randomly to the training set, while the remaining 30% (62 images) to the test set to measure the model performance. Results The accuracy of detecting CSM was 87.1%, and the area under the curve was 0.864 (95% CI, 0.780-0.949). Conclusion The CNN model using the lateral cervical spine radiographs of each patient could be helpful in the diagnosis of CSM.
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- 2022
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197. A Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Method for Accurate Detection of Early Nondisplaced Fractures of the Femoral Neck
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S. L. Hsieh, J. L. Chiang, C. H. Chuang, Y. Y. Chen, and C. J. Hsu
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radiograph ,nondisplaced ,femoral neck fracture ,deep learning network ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Nondisplaced femoral neck fractures are sometimes misdiagnosed by radiographs, which may deteriorate into displaced fractures. However, few efficient artificial intelligent methods have been reported. We developed an automatic detection method using deep learning networks to pinpoint femoral neck fractures on radiographs to assist physicians in making an accurate diagnosis in the first place. Our proposed accurate automatic detection method, called the direction-aware fracture-detection network (DAFDNet), consists of two steps, namely region-of-interest (ROI) segmentation and fracture detection. The first step removes the noise region and pinpoints the femoral neck region. The fracture-detection step uses a direction-aware deep learning algorithm to mark the exact femoral neck fracture location in the region detected in the first step. A total of 3840 femoral neck parts in anterior–posterior (AP) pelvis radiographs collected from the China Medical University Hospital database were used to test our method. The simulation results showed that DAFDNet outperformed the U-Net and DenseNet methods in terms of the IOU value, Dice value, and Jaccard value. Our proposed DAFDNet demonstrated over 94.8% accuracy in differentiating non-displaced Garden type I and type II femoral neck fracture cases. Our DAFDNet method outperformed the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners and orthopedic surgeons in accurately locating Garden type I and type II fracture locations. This study can determine the feasibility of applying artificial intelligence in a clinical setting and how the use of deep learning networks assists physicians in improving correct diagnoses compared to the current traditional orthopedic manual assessments.
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- 2023
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198. Effect of Adaptive Histogram Equalization of Orthopedic Radiograph Images on the Accuracy of Implant Delineation Using Active Contours
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Smolikowska, Alicja, Kamiński, Paweł, Obuchowicz, Rafał, Piórkowski, Adam, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Arai, Kohei, editor
- Published
- 2021
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199. Radiology
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Chang, Bliss J., Lecker, Stewart H., editor, and Chang, Bliss J., editor
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- 2021
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200. The discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized hallux valgus in a large population-based cohort
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Takumi Matsumoto, Junya Higuchi, Yuji Maenohara, Song Ho Chang, Toshiko Iidaka, Chiaki Horii, Hiroyuki Oka, Shigeyuki Muraki, Hiroshi Hashizume, Hiroshi Yamada, Munehito Yoshida, Kozo Nakamura, Sakae Tanaka, and Noriko Yoshimura
- Subjects
Hallux valgus ,Hallux valgus interphalangeus ,Prevalence ,Radiograph ,Self-recognition ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background There has been a paucity of literature revealing the discrepancy between self-recognition about hallux valgus (HV) and radiographically-evaluated foot configuration. Knowing this discrepancy will help to make a comparative review of the findings of previous literatures about epidemiological studies about the prevalence of HV. Questions/purposes (1) Is there a discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV in the general population? (2) What factors affect the self-recognition of HV in the general population? Methods The fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability study involved 1996 participants who had undergone anterior-posterior radiography of bilateral feet and answered a simple dichotomous questionnaire on self-recognition of HV. Measurements of the HV angle (HVA), interphalangeal angle of the hallux (IPA), and intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (IMA) were performed using radiographs. Radiographic diagnosis of HV was done using the definition of hallux valgus angle of 20° or more. After univariate comparison of the participant backgrounds and radiographic measurements between participants with or without self-recognition of HV, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to reveal independent factors affecting self-recognition. Results Significant difference was found between the prevalence of radiographically-assessed and self-recognized HV (29.8% vs. 16.5%, p
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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