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Psychosocial processes at work include factors of the organizational context, individual psychological dispositions, extra-organizational demands, psychological effects and indicators of mental health. In this study, an instrument with five subscales covering these dimensions is proposed for the assessment of psychosocial processes (PROPSIT) in Mexican workers, and its factorial structure is analyzed as initial evidence of validity. 1339 blue collar workers from manufacturing companies in Morelos voluntarily participated in the study and responded the instrument in a virtual platform. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA), confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and reliability coefficients were estimated (α, ω) in each of the five questionnaire’s scales. At whole, the five sub-scales factors were theoretically coherent and had satisfactory fit indices (CFI, GFI, NFI >.90, RMSEA .70). It is concluded that the obtained scores from the PROPSIT have structural validity and reliability, and the instrument can be an alternative measure of psychosocial job processes at work in similar worker’s samples. It is suggested to carry out more studies in different sectors and occupational populations

Traditional Arab culture hides male sexual abuse and considers it a shame. Instead of treating male victims of sexual assault, they are often stigmatized as homosexual individuals. Moreover, guardians of sexually abused boys are also negatively affected. They have to choose between reporting abuse to a legal authority with the risk of labeling their child or keeping a close eye on them to prevent further abuse. However, reporting abuse to healthcare authorities does take place. Disclosing sexual abuse in the privacy of a psychiatric clinic is often the only way for victims to be successfully treated for the psychological effects of such abuse.

Background: COVID-19 and associated lockdown have had some detrimental effects on the health care professionals. With the maximum fear of getting infected and further transmitting the infection, dentists are suffering from the psychological meltdown along with the physical changes due to altered lifestyle. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the psychological and physical effects of COVID-19 and consequential lockdown on dentists and to understand the possible reasons for the problems they were facing amidst lockdown due to the changes in their lifestyle. Settings and Design: A questionnaire-based survey to evaluate disaster mental health and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms was designed and sent to the various groups of dentists. A total of 453 respondents completed the survey. Materials and Method: Cluster sampling method was used and the dentists were segregated into four groups. The responses were evaluated for Post-traumatic stress disorder, Depression, Anxiety and Pain or discomfort. Statistical Analysis: Chi Square test was applied to statistically assess the association of responses. Results: Out of 453 respondents 65.1% were females and 34.9% were males. Based on profession, 23% were academicians, 18.8% private practitioners, 16.8% post-graduate students and 41.5% undergraduates. Females were significantly affected and showed a tendency towards Post traumatic stress disease (PTSD) and potential depression along with pain and discomfort. All the three groups except undergraduate students showed potential symptoms. Conclusion: COVID-19 and the lockdown exhibited significant psychological and physical effects on the dentists. Counselling centers or helplines/portals need to be set up to avoid any grave consequences and untoward losses.

Objective: We conducted this study to compare the psychological effects between diabetic patients taking fast and non-fasting counterparts to better investigate the effects of fasting on mental health of diabetes sufferers. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective cohort conducted among diabetic patients. In this study, two types of fasting and non-fasting patients were invited to take part. During One week before and after the Ramadan, all patients were asked to complete 28-scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results: In this study, 116 patients who were suffering from diabetes completed the study. They were compared with each other in format of three groups (two fasting and one non-fasting). Mean changes of total and subscales' score were negative in nearly all groups but there were no significant difference between groups. In addition, total and subscale A, B and C scores significantly increased (positive change) but subscale D score didn’t change in fasting patients during this month. Conclusion: The results of present study revealed that fasting during the whole month of Ramadan can exacerbate patients' general health in comparison with non-fasting patients. However, because we can't determine whether this finding is attributed to fasting regardless of diabetes or has been resulted from the co-existence of fasting and the disease, it is recommended to design a study to compare diabetic and healthy fasting individuals.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching and multifaceted effects on global health. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, extrapulmonary, and psychological manifestations associated with COVID-19. It highlights the wide-ranging impact of the virus on various organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and nervous systems. Additionally, it explores the complex connections between COVID-19 infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms, shedding light on the potential underlying mechanisms. The paper also delves into the phenomenon of "long COVID," a condition characterized by persistent symptoms extending well beyond the disease's acute phase. It discusses the diverse and often debilitating symptoms that individuals with long COVID may experience, encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The complexity and variability of long COVID underscore the challenges it poses to healthcare professionals and the importance of ongoing research to understand its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper touches on the current state of knowledge regarding the aetiology of long COVID and the various approaches to symptom management and treatment. While a definitive cure remains elusive, efforts are underway to alleviate the burden of long COVID through pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and support networks. This paper comprehensively explores COVID-19's far-reaching effects, emphasizing the need for a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the diverse manifestations of this global health challenge. Ongoing research and collaborative efforts are essential in addressing the complex and evolving nature of COVID-19 and its aftermath., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Gollapudi et al.)

Background: Family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis experience physical and psychological disorders. They are unfortunately neglected. The aim of this study was to explain the psychological consequences for family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: This qualitative inductive conventional content analysis research approach was conducted in Tehran, Iran. Nineteen hemodialysis patient caregivers were enrolled via purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, imported into the Open Code Software, and analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman methods. Results: The results included two main categories: (1) threats to the psychological integrity; (2) development of capabilities. The first main category comprised the sub-categories of "care-related negative feelings and emotions," care-related stress and its behavioral impacts on care, "psychological disorders arising from care provision," and "impaired quality and quantity of sleep." The second main category comprised of the sub-categories of "care-related positive feelings and emotions" and "coping strategies." Conclusions: The present study showed that though caring for hemodialysis patients threatens the caregiver's psychological integrity, it provides the opportunity of development capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 saw the world face a serious global health crisis which had a negative impact on all sectors of life especially education. Educational institutions across the globe were forced to temporarily close and use distance education as an alternative to face-to-face teaching. The current study explored the impact of the sudden transition from face-to-face learning to distance learning on students’ psychology and learning. Four hundred and one (N=401) undergraduate students from the University of Petra, Jordan were surveyed using a user-designed online questionnaire. Results highlighted negative impacts of distance education on both participant’s psychology and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, results showed that first and second year students and those with lower computer skills reported the highest negative psychological effects (i.e., feeling anxious, bored and nerves). Further first-year students and those with lower computer skill levels reported a negative impact on learning (i.e., experiencing lethargy and laziness when taking online lectures, poor focus and inability of being self-reliant when learning) by distance education when compared with students in their third and fourth year or those with higher and average computer skills. Finally, this paper discusses recommendations and implications for future distance learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the end of 2019, the world has known an exceptional situation due to the spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), which spread widely and in a short period of time. This virus was first detected in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) in December 2019 [1]. In Lebanon, the first confirmed case of coronavirus was detected on February 21, 2020 [2]. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a global pandemic [3] that must be confronted by taking obligatory precautionary measures, until its demise or the availability of a vaccine. While there is no vaccine, many countries have implemented a series of interventions to reduce infection and slow the progression and spread of the epidemic [4]. One of the most important measures taken to contain this virus is the home quarantine of the population to avoid direct contact, and the complete closure of all areas, which led to the disruption of most daily activities [5]. Quarantine imposed on citizens for several days or weeks to contain the spread of the virus, is not an easy matter. This situation may cause many individual and collective psychological problems, especially for the psychologically and/or socially and economically weak population groups. Man is social by nature... [6] This means that he cannot live apart from the group. Perhaps the most important characteristic of humans when they communicate with each other is the occurrence of interaction on the basis of which a number of relationships are based. Social interaction is one of the most important features of social life. Hanyi asserts that individuals in general depend on communication and interaction with each other in order to survive and achieve certain goals or objectives, the most important of which is self-esteem [7]. Some have also considered social contacts to be one of the greatest sources of well-being for people who spend most of their lives in the company of others [8]. The aim of this article is to determine the possible effects of prolonged quarantine on the mental and psychological health of people, as the stone affects the lifestyle and may cause many problems such as boredom, stress, anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, addictive behavior, hostile behavior, and others... [9]. In the following, we will discuss, in some detail, these and other problems, while providing some solutions to reduce as much as possible these problems and their negative effects on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has been severely challenged by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak since the early 2020s. Worldwide, there have been more than 66 million cases of infection and over 3,880,450 deaths caused by this highly contagious disease. All sections of the population including those who are affected, those who are not affected and those who have recovered from this disease, are suffering physiologically, psychologically or psychophysiologically. In this paper we briefly discuss the consequences of COVID-19 on physiological, psychological and psychophysiological vulnerability. We also attempt to provide evidence in support of exercise management as a prevention strategy for improving and minimizing the physiological, psychological and psychophysiological effects of COVID-19. Moderate exercise including walking, yoga and tai-chi to name but a few exercise regimes are critical in preventing COVID-19 and its complications. Governments, public health authorities and the general population should maintain physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent additional physical and mental distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks can be provoked with psychological factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of anxiety, depression and stress related to COVID‐19 pandemic on disease activity of HAE patients during the quarantine period (QP) and the return to normal period (RTNP). Methods: This study was conducted between March 2020 and September 2020 in four allergy centres. Demographic, clinical features and mental health status were evaluated in QP (from March to the beginning of June) and RTNP (from June to the beginning of September) applied by the government. The 10‐point visual analogue scale (VAS10) was used to define the severity of HAE attacks. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21) and Fear of COVID‐19 (FC‐19) scale were performed to assess mental health status. Results: 139 HAE patients were included in the study. In QP, median attack numbers and median VAS10 scores were 5 (min‐max: 0–45) and 6 (min‐max: 0–10), respectively. HAE attack numbers, DASS‐21 stress, anxiety, depression and total DASS‐21 scores, and FC‐19 scores were higher in QP than RTNP (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no difference in attack severity scores between the two periods (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that the restriction measures during COVID‐19 outbreak cause an increase in the number of HAE attacks in relation to anxiety, depression, stress and fear of COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to provide psychological support to HAE patients during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: analizar las principales manifestaciones psicológicas de los primeros casos de COVID-19 atendidos en el Centro de Atención Telefónica de Intervención en Crisis en el estado de Sonora, México. Metodología: estudio ex post facto retrospectivo con 123 usuarios en quienes se evaluó el efecto de la pandemia en diferentes áreas: afectiva, somática, interpersonal, cognoscitiva y comportamiento. Resultados: la ansiedad fue la razón principal para llamar en el 48% de los casos, lo cual estuvo relacionado con la edad de los usuarios. El análisis de X2 indicó que ésta estuvo asociada con cambios en la alimentación, sentimientos de tristeza, alta preocupación por la enfermedad y cambios en la respiración. Otros motivos para llamar fueron el estrés (23%), la depresión (19%) y el duelo (10%). Limitaciones: la cantidad de usuarios que conforman la muestra y el tipo de estudio reducen la posibilidad de generalizar los resultados. Valor: se analizan los principales efectos en la salud mental debidos a la pandemia de COVID-19 y se proponen recomendaciones para su manejo. Conclusiones: la pandemia de COVID-19 genera problemas de salud mental, como ansiedad en los adultos y depresión en los jóvenes. La atención telefónica de intervención en crisis es una alternativa viable para atender el efecto psicológico en la población que lo requiera.

Introduction: C0VID-19 outbreak was declared as a pandemic in 2019 by the World Health Organization (WHO) with a global spread and undefined course. COVID-19 has created great fear and panic all over the world creating mental and physical distress. Looking at the adverse effects of the pandemic, we aimed to assess the psychological conditions of the general population residing in various states of India as a result of the nation-wide lockdown and quarantine in COVID-19. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, anonymous online survey. A self-rated structured questionnaire was made through Google form. Snowball sampling technique was used. Results: 53.2% of the respondents were men while 46.8% were women. 92.5% resided in urban areas. A comparison between the male and female respondents was made in the various domains and we found that 28.3% of men and 30.2 % of women were affected to a greater extent by the pandemic whereas 24.6% of men were worried about the financial loss. 10.2% of the women reported to feel depressed in the last two weeks while only 7% of the men were irritated. 51.9% and 44.9% of men and women considered it important to take actions for preventing Corona Virus Disease. Conclusion: Stress, anxiety and depression among the general population was found to be moderately present although all the safety guidelines were followed along with the lockdown. The participants had a good level of awareness regarding preventive aspects as well.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic broke out from Wuhan in Hubei province, China, spread nationwide and then gradually developed into other countries in the world. The implementation of unprecedented strict isolation measures has affected many aspects of people's lives and posed a challenge to psychological health. To explore whether people isolated for 14 days due to having contact with COVID-19 patients had more psychosocial problems. We conducted an online survey from February 29 to March 10, 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and coping style were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire-20-Chinese Version. This study included 1,315 isolated respondents in Hubei province (58.5% located in Wuhan). 69.3% respondents isolated at home, 30.7% respondents isolated at centralized quarantined spot. Of all respondents, 66.8% reported depressive symptoms, 49.7% reported anxiety symptoms, 89.0% reported PTSD symptoms. The Cronbach α of the IES-R, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and total SCSQ-20 were 0.935, 0.847, 0.843, and 0.888, respectively. Persons who isolated at home were associated with a lower risk of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.01). People who knew someone to have COVID-19 were associated with severe symptoms of PTSD symptoms (P = 0.001). As for coping style, higher level of passive coping style was associated with severe symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). Our findings identify that person isolated during the COVID-19 epidemic was associated with high proportion of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Public health officials should be aware of and prepared to take necessary measures.

The burden of disability among survivors and the socio-economic impact of snakebite have not been adequately researched. We reviewed original research articles, case reports and small case series relating to chronic physical, mental and psycho-social disability and economic burden of snakebite. Both physical and psychological health problems seem common in snakebite survivors and can lead to disability and loss of productivity. Chronic physical health effects, musculoskeletal disability being the commonest, can be largely attributed to limited and delayed access to optimal treatment of acute envenoming. The economic burden is considerable, and includes health system costs, out-of-pocket expenditure and opportunity costs, with regional variations. Health systems should be more responsive to needs and circumstances of bite victims, and a more holistic approach should be developed in the treatment of snakebite which incorporates the management of chronic health effects.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic broke out from Wuhan in Hubei province, China, spread nationwide and then gradually developed into other countries in the world. The implementation of unprecedented strict isolation measures has affected many aspects of people's lives and posed a challenge to psychological health. To explore whether people isolated for 14 days due to having contact with COVID-19 patients had more psychosocial problems. We conducted an online survey from February 29 to March 10, 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and coping style were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire-20-Chinese Version. This study included 1,315 isolated respondents in Hubei province (58.5% located in Wuhan). 69.3% respondents isolated at home, 30.7% respondents isolated at centralized quarantined spot. Of all respondents, 66.8% reported depressive symptoms, 49.7% reported anxiety symptoms, 89.0% reported PTSD symptoms. The Cronbach α of the IES-R, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and total SCSQ-20 were 0.935, 0.847, 0.843, and 0.888, respectively. Persons who isolated at home were associated with a lower risk of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.01). People who knew someone to have COVID-19 were associated with severe symptoms of PTSD symptoms (P = 0.001). As for coping style, higher level of passive coping style was associated with severe symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). Our findings identify that person isolated during the COVID-19 epidemic was associated with high proportion of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Public health officials should be aware of and prepared to take necessary measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the incidence of anxiety, depression, and stress in health-care workers managing COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methodology: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Questionnaire (Google Form). All health-care workers (HCWs) of the hospital were included in the study. HCWs with a past or current history of psychiatric illness and on psychotropic medication were excluded from the study. Results: Two hundred and twenty HCWs answered the questionnaire, of whom 114 (51.8%) were female. Of the 220, 128 (58.2%) were single, 97 (44.1%) were physicians. Level one exposure (direct interaction with COVID-19 patients) was seen in 111 (55.5%). One hundred and thirty-three (60.5%) HCWs worked for 8–12 h/day. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the factors which need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental well-being of doctors while fighting with a disaster that has major impacts on society worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Test anxiety is fear, nervousness, and uneasiness for examination. The students who appear in exams usually face these conditions which may be physical, emotional, or behavioral. Mathematics is a compulsory subject till matriculation, so every student faces some anxiety during mathematics class and tests. The foremost purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of mathematics test anxiety with student's performance at the secondary school level in Punjab. For the assessment of anxiety, the research questionnaire was adapted through taking guidelines from Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS; Richardson & Suien, 1972). The questionnaire consists of two parts; one question on obtained marks in 9th class mathematics subject in the board examinations and the other portion comprising of 30 questions to rate the mathematics test anxiety. A sample of 260 students was selected through random sampling. Based on data analysis, it was found that there was a strong negative relationship between test anxiety and students' performance in mathematic. This relationship shows that if test anxiety increases, performance will decrease. Further detailed analysis showed that there was a highly significant correlation between the physical and emotional factors of anxiety and achievement of students. Results were consistent with previous researches. The study recommends practical sessions on concept clearance for students, school teachers, and confidence building to overcome anxiety. It is recommended that social and academic guidance for students is the duty of the parents and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered our lives, causing psychological effects in healthcare workers, infected people, and also in the population as a whole. This article describes recent studies that have highlighted the increase in psychological distress caused by the pandemic. It also describes the three main coping mechanisms used to face stressful situations: coping centered on the problem, coping centered on emotions, and copied centered on social support. Finally, it presents Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as an effective treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder and encourages a greater investment in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To delineate the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students. Further, to identify associated harms and underlying risk factors based on established theoretical models. Smartphones have become indispensable tools for students. However, excessive use can lead to smartphone addiction, causing physiological, psychological and social harm. Nursing students represent a unique population whose smartphone use may differ from other disciplines due to clinical training demands. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Seven databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed original research on smartphone addiction, harms and risks among nursing students. Data were extracted and thematically synthesized. Studies (n=39) met inclusion criteria, representing 15 countries. Rates of smartphone addiction among nursing students ranged from 19% to 72%, averaging 40–50%. Incorporated into Engel's biopsychosocial models, the harm is emphasized across individual inclinations, emotional aspects, cognitive processes and executive functions. Physiological harms include sleep disruption, vision concerns,other physiological concerns. psychologically, addiction correlated with increased anxiety and depression,decline in self-esteem, learning and attention and other psychological concerns. socially, it encompasses harms such as interpersonal relationships challenges, career development and decline in social abilities. The I-PACE model identifies various risk factors for smartphone addiction among nursing students, including personal factors such as interpersonal relationship anxiety and perceived academic pressure, affective factors like high stress and learning burnout, cognitive factors such as the need for online social interaction and low perception of social support, as well as executive factors like extended usage duration, poor self-control and usage before sleep. Smartphone addiction among nursing students presents tangible harms. A proposed theoretical model integrating established frameworks provides avenues to better comprehend addiction genesis and potential intervention strategies. Given addiction's multi-factorial nature, future research investigating harm mitigation through optimizing predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In recent years, many of Japanese workers have complained of fatigue and stress, considering them as risk factors for depression. Studies have found that “forest bathing” (Shinrin-yoku) has positive physiological effects, such as blood pressure reduction, improvement of autonomic and immune functions, as well as psychological effects of alleviating depression and improving mental health. In this study, we investigate the physiological and psychological effects of “forest bathing” on people of a working age with and without depressive tendencies. Methods We conducted physiological measurements and psychological surveys before and after forest bathing with subjects who participated in day-long sessions of forest bathing, at a forest therapy base located in Hiroshima Prefecture. After excluding severely depressed individuals, the participants were classified into two groups: those with depressive tendencies (5 ≤ K6 ≤ 12) and those without depressive tendencies (K6

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as “silent epidemic” because of lack of knowledge about it and its delayed symptoms of memory and cognitive problems. The incidence is approximately 1.4 million per year in the United States, and in the developing countries, it is approximately 341 per 100,000. In the United States, the annual productivity loss due to TBI and its delayed effects is more than $56 billion. TBIs occur mainly due to traffic accidents and falls. All the age groups are affected, but the rates are higher in men than in women. The causes vary as per the age groups as traumas affect mainly children and elderly, and traffic accidents and violence affect more of adolescents and young adults. Data from various studies indicate wide variation in the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders after TBI, but they are definitely higher as compared with general population. We also noted different psychiatric disorders in post head injury cases during follow-up at our university hospital, which included depression, behavioral disorders, cognitive disorders, memory impairment, anxiety disorders, stress-related headache, vertigo, irritability and sleep disorders, etc. Therefore, this review was undertaken to assess the psychosocial impact of brain injury on an individual.

Introduction The psychological effects of using any method of contraception are not hidden from anyone but in different methods, they have different effects. Objectives We aim to investigate the different psychological effects of common contraceptive methods in women. Methods A search conducted by keywords “contraception”, “psychological effects” and “women” in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Clinical Key and Google Scholar search engine. Finally, data from 12 articles were used for this review study. Results The positive and negative psychological effects were slightly different in consumers. The effect of OC and IUD and sterilization on sex life compared to condoms was reported to be positive and in menstrual experiences, OC consumers reported higher satisfaction than other methods, in particular, IUD. The regret in using sterilization was higher than in other methods. Psychopathological disorders and psychological disorders developed while using these methods should be differentiated. Negative psychological effects of women using contraceptive methods are often due to their mental background to a mother’s role and fertility and the conflict that exists in these methods with their mental image. Also, cooperation and understanding of spouses on the acceptance of these methods and their positive or negative impact has been reported to be very effective. Conclusions Before providing any method of contraception, it is recommended to provide comprehensive counseling on each method and follow up with women while consuming to reduce these symptoms and improving their effectiveness. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction: Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition seen commonly in adolescence and young adulthood. Despite being a frequent and nonthreatening life condition, acne has a significant psychological impact and comorbidity. Aims: This review will describe prevalence, common clinical features, different clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment recommendation. Special focus has been put on psychological aspects. Methods: We conducted a literature search on PubMed from January 2001 to June 2020 with the search terms of Acne vulgaris, psychological, adolescents, anxiety, suicide, mood disorders. Reference lists of identified articles were examined for further relevant studies. The search was limited to English language articles. No specified quality criteria were used for study inclusion. Results: The clinical manifestations of acne are very important in the differential diagnosis and its psychological implications. Conclusion: Through this article, we conclude that despite being a frequent and nonthreatening life condition, acne has a significant psychological impact which requires effective treatment to improve the patient's skin and self‐esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of people worldwide is currently affected by quarantine or isolation. These measures have been suggested to negatively impact on mental health. We conducted the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing the psychological effects in both quarantined and isolated persons compared to non-quarantined and non-isolated persons. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies until April 22, 2020 (Prospero Registration-No.: CRD42020180043). We followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines for data extraction and synthesis and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for assessing risk of bias of included studies. A random-effects model was implemented to pool effect sizes of included studies. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. All other psychological parameters, such as anger, were reported as secondary outcomes. Out of 6807 screened articles, 25 studies were included in our analyses. Compared to controls, individuals experiencing isolation or quarantine were at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, particularly after containment duration of 1 week or longer. Effect sizes were summarized for depressive disorders (odds ratio 2.795; 95% CI 1.467–5.324), anxiety disorders (odds ratio 2.0; 95% CI 0.883–4.527), and stress-related disorders (odds ratio 2.742; 95% CI 1.496–5.027). Among secondary outcomes, elevated levels of anger were reported most consistently. There is compelling evidence for adverse mental health effects of isolation and quarantine, in particular depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Reported determinants can help identify populations at risk and our findings may serve as an evidence-base for prevention and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the knowledge of healthcare officials about COVID-19 disease and its effects on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Study Design: Cross sectional Survey. Setting: Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. Period: 1st February to 30th June 2020. Material & Methods: After approval of the hospital’s ethical committee, 70 HCWs, filled the pre-formed questionnaire including their demographic features, speciality and questions related to fear, stressful factors and strategies to mitigate this stress. Results: A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to healthcare workers at a peripheral hospital with a return of 58.3%. Majority were females, 59(84.3%). The mean age was 30.32 years ±8.17 SD. All of our participants perceived it their professional and ethical responsibility to perform duties during COVID-19 pandemic. 97.1% felt proud to be serving humanity. 57.1% of HCWs were anxious. 52.9% were satisfied with hospital policies and felt appreciated. Triggering factors for the mental stress included: psychological conflict between profession and personal safety 71.4%, 87.1% feared intubation of colleagues, lack of family support among 38.6%, 92.9% were afraid of transmitting the infection to their families while 88.6% had anxiety due to uncertainty regarding when the pandemic will end. Various techniques employed by HCWs to cope with this stress included prayers, sports and exercise (95.7%), self-motivation (88.6%)and psychologist’s help (41.4%). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental stress to HCWs from multiple factors and special attention to strategies to alleviate this stress is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTStudies discovered that humans spent around 80% of our time indoor and this phenomenon is deteriorating our health physically and psychologically. Thus, it is important to study the effects of different interior designs on our emotions. The previous studies and researches done on interior spaces are mostly focusing on measurable physical attributes of interior whereas the psychological relationships between interior design criteria and human emotions have not been well studied. Therefore, this research paper aims to determine the suitable interior space for youngsters from different backgrounds in terms of spatial quality and materiality. In this paper, 4 types of commonly-used materials in Malaysia, namely Timber, Concrete, Bricks and Stones are selected to be studied and analyzed based on the respondents’ preferences and perceptions of warmness or coolness of materials. The results showed that there is no distinctive relationship between respondents’ preferences to materials and their educational backgrounds but respondents of different races showed different degree of acceptance towards different finishing materials. The paper proof the respondents prefer to have warm-feeling materials such as timber and bricks for their home design as compared to cold-feeling materials such as concrete and stones. The results will serve as a material-selection guideline for designers.

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quarantine is an age old methods of preventing the spread of infection by restricting the movement of persons or goods. It has again come to global attention due to its widespread implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the public health utility of quarantine is well established, it is associated with few psychological effects which are neither well known nor recognized. In this communication, the psychological side-effects of quarantine and their prevention are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rehabilitation / Rehabilitacija is the property of University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic kidney disease is a universal topic gravitating towards various aspects of widespread illness, impacting the overall well-being of human beings. Patients with longstanding renal complaints under dialysis encounter challenges correlated with physical, intuitive, and socio-economic conditions to a greater extent in their daily existence. These portions may include changes in the appearance of a person, restricted physique movements, curbed diet, duration of surgical protocols, travelling time during the period of prevention, financial load, role reversal in the family followed by ruining their livelihood, deprived social rank, difficulty in relational, cordial relationships, and so on. Excluding these details, the sick may be profoundly influenced by sorrow, health anxiety, despair, itching, the impoverished essence of vitality, dysfunction in sexual intimacy, impaired cognition, disturbances in disposition, sleeping fluctuations, frequent panic attacks, delirium, brain-afflicted degeneration disabilities, etcetera. Our analysis focuses on exploring a few unidentified intrinsic factors that distinguish these views over combined elements due to the existing disorder., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Ramya et al.)

Objective: The pandemic due to COVID-19 and the consequent quarantine are characterized as stressful events and such as to cause effects not only in terms of physical health but also in general well-being and mental health. The aim of this study is, firstly, to observe general population reactions in relation to these events with respect to the following variables: a) degree of perceived psychological distress; b) coping strategies used; c) personological traits; d) presence or absence of previous trauma; e) variables associated with COVID-19. The secondary objective is to trace eventual differences within the same sample. Method: From the General Population sample (PG) (n = 735) was selected a macro-group of healthy subjects (n = 648). Subsequently, based on the scores obtained on the SCL-90-R Scale Global Gravity Index (GSI), two subgroups were identified: one with high GSI scores (GSI_high) and another with low GSI scores (GSI_low). The scores obtained from self-administered questionnaires were collected and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression models. Results: From an initial qualitative analysis on the selected sample of healthy subjects (n = 648), an anxiety-depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology emerges mainly, although with scores still sub-threshold. Results from the analysis of variance evidenced significantly higher scores for the GSI_high subgroup compared to the GSI_low one in all variables. On the other hand, the regression analysis conducted on the two GSI subgroups show specific associations between psychological suffering and use of avoidant coping, Negative Affectivity and Detachment domains of the PID-5BF. Conclusions: This study presents interesting results that indicate how the reactions to stressful events can vary from individual to individual and how the personological traits and coping strategies act as possible predisposing factors, playing a crucial role in preventing or, on the contrary, promoting a level of discomfort in terms of psychological suffering and symptomatological manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific interest in the therapeutic effects of classical psychedelics has increased in the past two decades. The psychological effects of these substances outside the period of acute intoxication have not been fully characterized. This study aimed to: (1) quantify the effects of psilocybin, ayahuasca, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on psychological outcomes in the post-acute period; (2) test moderators of these effects; and (3) evaluate adverse effects and risk of bias. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies (single-group pre-post or randomized controlled trials) that involved administration of psilocybin, ayahuasca, or LSD to clinical or non-clinical samples and assessed psychological outcomes ⩾24 h post-administration. Effects were summarized by study design, timepoint, and outcome domain. Results: A total of 34 studies (24 unique samples, n = 549, mean longest follow-up = 55.34 weeks) were included. Classical psychedelics showed significant within-group pre-post and between-group placebo-controlled effects on a range of outcomes including targeted symptoms within psychiatric samples, negative and positive affect-related measures, social outcomes, and existential/spiritual outcomes, with large between-group effect in these domains (Hedges' gs = 0.84 to 1.08). Moderator tests suggest some effects may be larger in clinical samples. Evidence of effects on big five personality traits and mindfulness was weak. There was no evidence of post-acute adverse effects. Conclusions: High risk of bias in several domains, heterogeneity across studies, and indications of publication bias for some models highlight the need for careful, large-scale, placebo-controlled randomized trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors aimed to examine relations between mothers' stress (PSI-SF) and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic confinement in mainland China (N = 274; mean age = 32.95, SD = 5.59). Our analyses revealed mothers identified more stress problems during the confinement than before including Difficult Child, Parental Distress, and Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, which predicted requests for clinical or parents support services. Mothers living in rural areas reported less stress. Single mothers and those in small households displayed a higher level of stress. Our research results may assist policymakers, professionals, and researchers to design support needed to promote families' psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alvin Gardner, James Millwater School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKCorrespondence: Alvin GardnerSchool of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKEmail alvin.gardner@student.manchester.ac.uk View the original paper by Dr Al-Zyoud and colleagues

Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the health crisis derived from COVID-19. Within this country, the city of Madrid has registered the highest number of infections and deaths. This circumstance led to the adoption of strict confinement measures for a period of 6 weeks. The objective of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects that this confinement has had on the psychological well-being of a sample of children from Madrid. A total of 167 families with children aged between 3 and 11 years participated in this study. The parents evaluated the children through the System of Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) scale in the month of February and refilled part of the same scale after the children had spent between 4 and 6 weeks confined. The comparison between the two measures showed no change among the 3-year-old children. However, change was observed among the 6–10-year-old. Children in Primary Education obtained lower scores in dimensions related to self-regulation (emotional, attentional, and behavioral) and in willingness to study. The results are discussed in light of the situation experienced between the months of March and May 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health emergency and has a huge impact on the health care workers, especially on their mental health. The dataset presented was an assessment of COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, practices and its effects on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers in Pakistan. The data were collected using a snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed assessing sociodemographic characteristics (6 items), knowledge (11 items), attitude (5 items), practices (6 items), information sources (1 item) and psychological implications (12 items) and distributed using online tools. The dataset includes 476 healthcare workers in Pakistan. The dataset will help to prevent and curb the spread of COVID-19 among health workers and contribute to policymakers. Furthermore, our dataset provides detailed insights into different risk factors of psychological problems, and it may be served as the reference for various in-depth surveys.

Having to listen to the devastating daily news brought by COVID-19 since the first case was reported on 23rd January 2020 in Nepal, it has pushed the country into various crises. The issue of psychological health has been overlooked during this crisis.COVID-19 has sabotaged the psychological health of general people and more importantly medical students. It has disrupted the academics and clinical rotations of medical education. The prospect of being the future health care personnel without adequate training has destroyed the confidence and aspiration andin addition, joining the frontline against this type of deadly virus with little preparedness has instilled fear and uncertainty among them. So, concerning the context, this article focuses on the psychological effects faced by medical students and some ways to overcome this issue.

The current study provides data about the immediate risk perceptions and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among Italian participants. A sample of 980 volunteers answered a web-based survey which aimed to investigate the many facets of risk perceptions connected to COVID-19 (health, work, institutional-economy, interpersonal and psychological), and risk-related variables such as perceived knowledge, news seeking, perceived control, perceived efficacy of containment measures, and affective states. Socio-demographic characteristics were also collected. Results showed that although levels of general concern are relatively high among Italians, risk perceptions are highest with regards to the institutional-economy and work, and lowest concerning health. COVID-19 has been also estimated to be the least likely cause of death. Cognitive and affective risk-related variables contributed to explain the several risk perception domains differently. COVID-19 perceived knowledge did not affect any risk perception while the perceived control decreased health risk likelihood. The other risk-related variables amplified risk perceptions: News seeking increased work and institutional-economy risk; perceived efficacy of containment measures increased almost all perceived risks; negative affective states of fear, anger and sadness increased health risk; anxiety increased health, interpersonal and psychological risks, and uncertainty increased work, institutional-economy, interpersonal and psychological risk perceptions. Finally, positive affective states increased health risk perception. Socio-psychological implications are discussed.

Abstract Background Cancer is a serious public health problem not only in Malaysia, also worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of quality of life (QOL) among cancer patients in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 2120 cancer patients in Peninsular Malaysia, between April 2016 to January 2017. All cancer patients aged 18 years old and above, Malaysian citizens and undergoing cancer treatment at government hospitals were approached to participate in this study and requested to complete a set of validated questionnaires. Inferential statistical tests such as t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the differences between demographic variables, physical effects, clinical factors, psychological effects and self-esteem with the quality of life of cancer patients. Predictor(s) of quality of life were determined by using Multivariate linear regression models. Result A total 1620 out of 2120 cancer patients participated in this study, giving a response rate of 92%. The majority of cancer patients were female 922 (56.9%), Malays 1031 (63.6%), Muslim 1031 (63.6%), received chemotherapy treatment 1483 (91.5%). Overall, 1138 (70.2%) of the patients had depression and 1500 (92.6%) had anxiety. Statistically significant associations were found between QOL and clinical factors, physical side effects of cancer, psychological effects and self-esteem (p

The aim of this study is to identify the psychological effects of terrorism among Secondary school students both displaced and non-displaced . And determine its psychological effects of importance from their point of view. The research was applied to a sample consisting of (592) male and female students who were randomly selected from middle school stage (492) from the displaced students to Kirkuk governorate and (102) from the nondisplaced students from Mosul governorate. Preparing a tool for measuring the psychological effects of terrorism by the researcher The validity of the tool was verified by Face Validity and a statistical analysis was found for the measurement paragraphs, and Reliability was calculated by the method of Elfa Kronbach as it reached (91.52) using the statistical bag (spss) to find results that showed that the students suffer from psychological effects as a result of terrorism in addition to what most of the paragraphs indicated High of these psychological effects (such as loss of hope, fear and dispersion of ideas) in the research sample. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in the psychological effects of students according to the variable of displacement (displaced and nondisplaced). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the health crisis derived from COVID-19. Within this country, the city of Madrid has registered the highest number of infections and deaths. This circumstance led to the adoption of strict confinement measures for a period of 6 weeks. The objective of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects that this confinement has had on the psychological well-being of a sample of children from Madrid. A total of 167 families with children aged between 3 and 11 years participated in this study. The parents evaluated the children through the System of Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) scale in the month of February and refilled part of the same scale after the children had spent between 4 and 6 weeks confined. The comparison between the two measures showed no change among the 3-year-old children. However, change was observed among the 6–10-year-old. Children in Primary Education obtained lower scores in dimensions related to self-regulation (emotional, attentional, and behavioral) and in willingness to study. The results are discussed in light of the situation experienced between the months of March and May 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study provides data about the immediate risk perceptions and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among Italian participants. A sample of 980 volunteers answered a web-based survey which aimed to investigate the many facets of risk perceptions connected to COVID-19 (health, work, institutional-economy, interpersonal and psychological), and risk-related variables such as perceived knowledge, news seeking, perceived control, perceived efficacy of containment measures, and affective states. Socio-demographic characteristics were also collected. Results showed that although levels of general concern are relatively high among Italians, risk perceptions are highest with regards to the institutional-economy and work, and lowest concerning health. COVID-19 has been also estimated to be the least likely cause of death. Cognitive and affective risk-related variables contributed to explain the several risk perception domains differently. COVID-19 perceived knowledge did not affect any risk perception while the perceived control decreased health risk likelihood. The other risk-related variables amplified risk perceptions: News seeking increased work and institutional-economy risk; perceived efficacy of containment measures increased almost all perceived risks; negative affective states of fear, anger and sadness increased health risk; anxiety increased health, interpersonal and psychological risks, and uncertainty increased work, institutional-economy, interpersonal and psychological risk perceptions. Finally, positive affective states increased health risk perception. Socio-psychological implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]