Search

【目的】本研究は,健康な生活を確立するための様々なライフスタイル要因のうち,特に自己の捉え方に関連する要因を検討することを目的とした.【方法】北海道医療大学2005年度新入学生(570名)を調査対象とし,調査当日の講義出席者に対し回答を求めた.回収した質問紙票を基にOKグラムを分類し,自己の捉え方を目的変数として健康生活習慣,ソーシャル・サポート,自覚症状とのクロス表を作成し,関連の有意性を検討した.【結果】健康生活習慣の「趣味の有無」「悩みの有無」,「ソーシャル・サポートの有無」に有意な関連が認められ,それぞれの項目について好ましい回答群の方が自己肯定群の相対的出現率が上がる傾向がみられた.【考察】これらの結果から,「趣味があり,悩みが無く,ソーシャル・サポートがある」という方が自己肯定的な構えを持つ傾向が示唆された., Purpose : This study was aimed at examining a factor to be related to a posture of self in particular among various lifestyle factors to establish healthy life. Method : An investigation object is fresh students in 2005 of Health Science University of Hokkaido(570). For the students that it attends during a lecture of the investigation day to have demanded an answer. We classified OK grams based on the questionnaire which collected. We examined related significance with various lifestyle factors as a purpose variable by posture of self. Results : As a result of analysis, the item where there was significant relation in posture of self was "presence of a hobby" and "presence of a trouble" of a healthy habit, it and "presence of social support". The tendency that was high relative incidence of "affirmative self was recognized "favorable answer group" in comparison with "unfavorable answer group", in those items. Consideration : From these results, a tendency that "the person whom there was a hobby, and there was not a trouble, and had social support" was affirmative by oneself was suggested.

Objetivo: Describir la salud percibida, la salud mental y algunas conductas relacionadas con la salud según la atracción y la conducta sexual en los residentes en Barcelona en 2011. Métodos: Se analizó la salud percibida y mental, los trastornos crónicos y las conductas relacionadas con la salud, en 2675 personas de 15 a 64 años de edad teniendo en cuenta la atracción y la conducta sexual en el marco de la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona 2011. Se ajustaron modelos multivariados de regresión de Poisson robusta para obtener razones de prevalencia. Resultados: Las personas atraídas por el mismo sexo presentaron mayor prevalencia de mala salud percibida y mental. Estas personas y las que habían tenido relaciones con personas del mismo sexo declararon más frecuentemente conductas perjudiciales para la salud. Conclusiones: La población lesbiana, gay, transexual y bisexual puede presentar problemas de salud que deben ser explorados en profundidad, prevenidos y atendidos. Objective: to Describe perceived health, mental health and certain health-related behaviors according to sexual attraction and behavior in the population residing in Barcelona in 2011. Methods: Perceived health, mental health, chronic conditions and health-related behaviors were analyzed in 2675 people aged 15 to 64 years. The Barcelona Health Survey for 2011 was used, which included questions on sexual attraction and behavior. Multivariate robust Poisson regression models were fitted to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios. Results: People feeling same-sex attraction reported a higher prevalence of worse perceived and mental health. These people and those who had had sex with persons of the same sex more frequently reported harmful health-related behaviors. Conclusions: Lesbian, gay, transgender and bisexual people may have health problems that should be explored in depth, prevented, and attended.

本稿では、好ましいライフスタイル確立に資する早期健康教育のあり方を模索すべく、日常の健康生活習慣の実践状況と心身の自覚症状や自覚的健康感の関連を検討した。その結果は、以下のように約言される。1)女性は、男性より健康生活習慣実践指標(以下HPI: Health Practice Index)総得点が高く、自覚症状得点が低い。2)HPI各項目の実施群、非実施群の間で、自覚症状得点に有意な差がみられた項目は、男性では「栄養のバランス」、「拘束時間」が、女性では「適正飲酒」であった。また、男女ともに有意な差が見られた項目は、「朝食摂取」、「自覚的ストレス」であった。3)自覚症状で、男性の有訴率が有意に高い項目は「生活に張り合いを感じない」、「自分が他人より劣っていると思えて仕方がない」、「横になりたいぐらい勉強・アルバイト中に疲れる」、「全身の力が抜けたようになることがある」、「自分の健康の事が心配で仕方がない」、「何かでスパーっとうさばらしをしたい」が、女性の有訴率が有意に高い項目は「肩が凝る」、「便秘をする」であった。4)自覚的健康感を目的変数、HPI各項目を説明変数として多変量ロジスティックモデルを構築し、ステップワイズ法によって変数選択したところ、男性では「栄養のバランス」、「自覚的ストレス」が、女性では「適正睡眠」の項目が独立性の高い変数として検出された。5)HPI実践群と比較して、非実践群の自覚症状得点が高くなると同時に自覚的健康感が低くなる傾向が認められた。以上の結果から、HPIの実践が、自覚症状有訴率の低下および自覚的健康感の向上を図るうえで有効な要因の1つであることが示唆された。また、男性では精神的自覚症状の有訴率が高く、女性では身体的自覚症状の有訴率が高いことから、早期健康教育を実施する際には、性別に配慮したプログラムを用意することの重要性が示唆された。, We investigated the relationships between the life styles and subjective symptoms in 560 freshman of Health Sciences Univeesity of Hokkaido. The results indicated the following. 1) Practice of HPI produced a fall of the rates of subjective symptoms and improvement of self-assessed health status. 2) Many male students complained mental subjective symptoms, while many female students complained physical subjective symptoms. Accordingly preparing for the program that considered sex is important in early stage health education.

ResumenObjetivosEste trabajo pretende describir el consumo de tabaco, de alcohol y de drogas no institucionalizadas entre la población escolarizada española pre-adolescente y adolescente a mitad de los años noventa (en 1994).MétodosLa información ha sido recogida en el marco de un estudio transversal periódico sobre los estilos de vida de los escolares europeos, con énfasis particular en los hábitos relacionados con la salud. En el presente trabajo se presentan resultados de la última encuesta realizada en España dentro de este estudio (1994), con una muestra representativa del alumnado español de 11, 13, 15, 17 y 18 años de edad (n = 6.711). Se utilizó un cuestionario anónimo que los propios alumnos cumplimentaron en sus aulas. El sistema de muestreo ha sido aleatorio, estratificado, proporcional, polietápico y por conglomerados.ResultadosEn 1994, el 49% del alumnado español de las edades citadas ha probado el tabaco. El 24% lo fuma esporádica o regularmente. La proporción de chicas fumadoras es mayor que la de los chicos (27% frente a 20%). La proporción de fumadores pasa de un 3% a los 11 años a un 47% a los 18 años. Un tercio (33%) del alumnado de 18 años fuma diariamente.El 84% del alumnado de las edades estudiadas manifiesta haber probado uno o varios tipos de bebidas alcohólicas. El 21% las consume regularmente (al menos una vez a la semana). Este tipo de consumo regular es algo más frecuente entre los chicos (24%) que en las chicas (19%). El 46% del alumnado de 18 años consume bebidas alcohólicas regularmente y el 66% se ha embriagado una o más veces.Casi la quinta parte (18%) del alumnado de 13 a 18 años manifiesta haber probado algún tipo de droga no institucionalizada, mientras que el consumo actual se reduce al 8%. La cannabis es la droga que más alumnos han probado (18%) y la más consumida actualmente (8%), seguida por la cocaína y la heroína. Los chicos han probado drogas no institucionalizadas en mayor proporción que las chicas.DiscusiónEl análisis de los datos muestra que el tabaquismo adolescente afecta cada vez más a las chicas. El consumo de alcohol sigue ampliamente generalizado entre los pre-adolescentes y adolescentes españoles. Se inicia en la infancia y se arraiga y consolida en la adolescencia. Los resultados sugieren, en relación a las diferencias de género en el consumo de tabaco, de alcohol y de drogas no institucionalizadas, que hay una fuerte tendencia a la homogeneización entre ambos sexos a este respecto. Es necesario enfatizar las medidas preventivas de las drogodependencias entre los pre-adolescentes y adolescentes españoles.SummaryObjectivesThis study was undertaken in the mid-1990s (1994) to describe the use of tobacco, alcohol, and non-institutionalized drugs among pre-adolescent and adolescent spanish students.MethodsInformation was collected within the framework of a periodic transversal study of life styles among European students, with particular emphasis on health-related habits. In the current study we present the results of the last survey carried out in Spain within the context of this study (1994), which involved a representative sample of Spanish students 11, 13, 15, 17 and 18 years-old (n = 6,711). An anonymous questionnaire was completed by the students in class. The survey sampling uses proportionate stratification and multistage sampling.ResultsIn 1994, 49% of the Spanish students in this age group had tried tobacco. Twenty-four percent were sporadic or regular smokers. There was a large proportion of female smokers than male smokers (27% vs 20%). The overall proportion of smokers increased from 3% at 11 years to 47% at 18 years. One third (33%) of the 18-year-old students smoked daily.Eighty-four percent of the students of this age indicated that they had tried one or more types of alcoholic beverage. Twentyone percent consumed alcohol regularly (at least once a week). Regular alcohol use was somewhat more common among males (24%) than among females (19%). Forty-six percent of the 18-year-old students consumed alcoholic beverages regularly and 66% had been intoxicated one or more times.Almonst one fifth (18%) of the 13-to-18 year-old students indicated that they had tried some type of non-institutionalized drug, although the current rate of consumption was 8%. Cannabis was the drug most frequently tried (18%) and the drug most often consumed at present (8%), followed by cocaine and heroin. More males than females had tried non-institucionalized drugs.DiscussionAnalysis of the data revealed that adolescent tobacco use is increasingly frequent among females. Alcohol use continues to be widespread among Spanish pre-adolescents and adolescents. Alcohol use begins in childhood and becomes consolidated in adolescence. The results suggest, in relation to gender differences in the use of tobacco, alcohol, and non-institucionalized drugs, that there is a strong tendency toward the homogenization of these habits between genders. It is necessary to emphasize the preventive measures of drug dependence among Spanish pre-adolescents and adolescents.

Die aktuelle Lebensstilforschung weist in der Frage nach der Prägung und Persistenz von Lebensstilen im Lebenslauf ein bedeutsames Defizit auf. So ist unklar, ob Lebensstile primär durch Kohorten- oder Lebenszykluseffekte determiniert werden, sich also nach ihrer Ausbildung verfestigen oder aber mit zunehmendem AlterWandlungsprozessen unterliegen. Ausgehend von Bourdieus Konzept des Habitus und handlungstheoretischen Überlegungen zur Funktion von Lebensstilen wird von einer Prägung des Lebensstils durch die Kohortenzugehçrigkeit ausgegangen und diese Hypothese auf der Basis der Daten des Sozio-Ökonomischen Panels (SOEP) für den Zeitraum von 1990 bis 2008 geprüft. Die Ergebnisse deuten zwar darauf hin, dass bestimmte lebenszyklisch relevante Ereignisse die Stabilität von Lebensstilen beeinträchtigen; insgesamt aber zeigen sich deutliche kohortenspezifische Differenzen in den Freizeitmustern, die im Lebensverlauf stabil bleiben., Current life style research has not answered the question of the extent to which life styles are structured and persistent throughout a person’s lifetime. It is unclear whether life styles are determined primarily by cohort or life cycle effects. Are they consolidated after their establishment in early years or do they change with age? Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and on action-theoretical considerations of the function of life styles for the individual, the basic assumption employed in this paper is that life styles are determined by birth, that is, cohort effects, and are persistent over the course of a person’s life. This hypothesis is analyzed using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the period from 1990 to 2008. Results indicate that certain life-cycle effects undermine the stability of life styles. However, clear differences specific to birth cohorts appear in leisure-time patterns which remain stable throughout life.

An endoparasitic life style is widespread among Hymenoptera, and various different strategies allowing parasitoids to escape from the host encapsulation response have been reported. Species carrying polydnaviruses (PDVs), such as the ichneumonid Hyposoter didymator, generally rely on the viral symbionts to evade host immune responses. In this work, we show that H. didymator eggs can evade encapsulation by the host in the absence of calyx fluid (containing the viral particles), whereas protection of the larvae requires the presence of calyx fluid. This evasion by the eggs depends on proteins associated with the exochorion. This type of local passive strategy has been described for a few species carrying PDVs. Immune evasion by braconid eggs appears to be related to PDVs or proteins synthesized in the oviducts being associated with the egg. We report that in H. didymator, by contrast, proteins already present in the ovarian follicles are responsible for the eggs avoiding encapsulation. Mass spectrometry analysis of the egg surface proteins revealed the presence of host immune-related proteins, including one with similarities with apolipophorin-III, and also the presence of three viral proteins encoded by IVSPERs (Ichnovirus Structural Protein Encoding Regions).

Contains fulltext : 118054.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The number of chronically ill patients increases every year. This is partly due to an unhealthy lifestyle. However, the frequency and quality of (evidence-based) health promotion activities conducted by Dutch general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses (PNs) are limited. The aim of this pilot study was to explore which lifestyle interventions Dutch GPs and PNs carry out in primary care, which barriers and facilitators can be identified and what main topics are with respect to attitudes towards health promoting activities. These topic areas will be identified for a future, larger scale study. METHOD: This qualitative study consisted of 25 semi-structured interviews with sixteen GPs and nine PNs. ATLAS.ti was used to analyse the transcripts of the interviews. RESULTS: All GPs and PNs said they discuss lifestyle with their patients. Next to this, GPs and PNs counsel patients, and/or refer them to other disciplines. Only few said they refer patients to specific lifestyle programs or interventions in their own practice or in the neighbourhood. Several barriers and facilitators were identified. The main topics as barriers are: a lack of patients' motivation to make lifestyle changes, insufficient reimbursement, a lack of proven effectiveness of interventions and a lack of overview of health promoting programs in their neighbourhood. The most cited facilitators are availability of a PN, collaboration with other disciplines and availability of interventions in their own practice. With respect to attitudes, six different types of GPs were identified reflecting the main topics that relate to attitudes, varying from 'ignorer' to 'nurturer'. The topics relating to PNs attitudes towards health promotion activities, were almost unanimously positive. CONCLUSION: GPs and PNs all say they discuss lifestyle issues with their patients, but the health promotion activities that are organized in their practice vary. Main topics that hinder or facilitate implementation are identified, including those that relate to attitudes of GPs and PNs.

Diversos estudios sobre jóvenes y redes sociales han demostrado, en general, el alto consumo de estos servicios de Internet, generalizándose su uso en casi todo tipo de ubicaciones y valorando su importancia en la construcción de las relaciones sociales entre la juventud. En este artículo se presenta parte de los análisis y resultados del cuestionario de la investigación sobre los «Escenarios, tecnologías digitales y juventud en Andalucía», administrada a una población de 1.487 jóvenes entre los 13 y 19. La discusión sobre jóvenes andaluces y redes sociales gira en torno a la es­tructura y configuración de sus perfiles, a las finalidades de uso, y a la privacidad y seguridad en las mismas. Los re­sultados destacados muestran una población con acceso a las redes sociales sin casi restricciones y con poco seguimiento adulto, y además las edades de acceso son menores de las legalmente definidas por los propios servicios de Internet. Las motivaciones de los jóvenes andaluces para el uso de las redes sociales se pueden agrupar en tres áreas; las dos primeras están presentes en otras investigaciones: motivación social y la psicológico-afectiva; y menos la tercera: la necesidad ligada a la vida cotidiana. Este trabajo aporta en sus conclusiones nuevos aspectos para explicar la naturaleza y los significados de las prácticas de los jóvenes andaluces con las redes sociales., Several studies on youth and social networks have generally revealed extensive usage of these Internet services, widespread access from almost any location and the special importance that the youth attach to these services in building their social relations. This article presents part of the analyses and results from a research questionnaire on «Scenarios, digital technologies and youth in Andalusia», administered to a population of 1,487 youth between the ages of 13 and 19. The discussion on young Andalusians and social networks revolves around the structure and configuration of their profiles, intended uses and the privacy and security involved. The results reveal a population with nearly unlimited access to social networks and with very little adult monitoring; moreover, those connecting are younger than the legal minimum age defined by the Internet services themselves. The motivations of Andalusian youth for using social networks fall into three areas. The first two, social and psychological/affective motivations, are also commonly found in other studies; the third refers to the need to use social networks in matters concerning everyday life. This paper suggests certain new aspects in its conclusions in order to explain the nature and meaning of the practices of Andalusian youth in social networks.

O presente artigo coloca em pauta uma reflexão cujo objetivo é discorrer sobre os modos de trabalhar e de viver na vida líquido-moderna. Para tanto, apresenta o Slow Movement como referência de análise. Divulgado como movimento mundial em prol da desaceleração, sua proposta difundiu-se e firmou-se ao acolher a sensação generalizada de esgotamento promovida pela vida líquida, conforme preconizada por Bauman (2007). Objetiva-se compreender se e como o Slow Movement possibilita uma outra experimentação do tempo, bem como se interpõe enquanto expressão da resistência aos atuais modos de trabalhar e de viver. A análise empreendida permite perceber que o Slow Movement, apesar de se apresentar como um modo de expressão da resistência frente à aceleração, mantém-se subordinado à ideologia gerencialista (Gaulejac, 2007) que caracteriza os atuais modos de trabalhar. Desse modo, o movimento contribui para apaziguar os sofrimentos psíquicos causados pela pressão do tempo, mas não para a sua revolução. The following paper aims at describing work and life in the liquid modern life. For that matter the Slow Movement is presented as an analysis reference. Advertised as a world movement towards a slower time, its proposition has spread and been recognized as it acknowledges the feeling of hopelessness brought up by the liquid life, as described by Bauman (2007). The objective is to understand if and how the Slow Movement leads to a different experimentation of time, as well as if it is an expression of resistance to the current ways of working and living. The analysis proposes that although the Slow Movement presents itself as a resistance to the current acceleration, it is still linked to a managerial ideology (Gaulejac, 2007). Thus, the movement contributes to peace the psychological damages caused by the pressures of time, although it doesn't operate as a revolution.

Els entorns rurals catalans es caracteritzen per tenir un percentatge de població major elevat. Aquesta població es troba en un procés de canvi tant a nivell poblacional com de valors i dinàmiques socials. L'arribada dels "de fora" implica la necessitat de "construir un nucli de coneixements compartits", que dificulta la continuïtat de la vida quotidiana basada en les relacions "cara-cara" que ja existeixen i en significats compartits construïts socialment. Es van fer entrevistes en profunditat a experts, professionals, i gent gran, i dos grups focals de professionals i agents socials significatius. Amb un total de 53 participants. En els resultats s'identifiquen els moviments de població que contribueixen al canvi de les dinàmiques socials i, es defineix l'impacte d'aquest canvi en les persones grans. Els resultats també mostren els moviments de població més significatius per a la gent gran estudiades i els canvis en les dinàmiques socials percebudes per elles., Los entornos rurales catalanes se caracterizan por tener un porcentaje de población mayor elevado. Esta población se encuentra en un proceso de cambio tanto a nivel poblacional como de valores y dinámicas sociales. La llegada de los “de fuera” implica la necesidad de "construir un núcleo de conocimientos compartidos", que dificulta la continuidad de la vida cotidiana basada en las relaciones "cara-cara" que ya existen y en significados compartidos construidos socialmente. Se hicieron entrevistas en profundidad a expertos, profesionales, y personas mayores, y dos grupos focales de profesionales y agentes sociales significativos. Con un total de 53 participantes. En los resultados se identifican los movimientos de población que contribuyen al cambio de las dinámicas sociales y, se define el impacto de este cambio en las personas mayores. Los resultados también muestran los movimientos de población más significativos para las personas mayores estudiadas y los cambios en las dinámicas sociales percibidas por ellas., Catalan rural areas are characterized for having a high percentage of aging population. Rural population is changing in its demography as well as in its values and social dynamics. The “outsiders” arrival implies the need of " building a nucleus of shared meanings", that complicates the continuity of the everyday life based on "face to face" relationships that already exist and in shared meanings socially built. In-depth Interviews to experts, professionals, and older people and two focal groups of professionals and significant social agents were conducted, with a total of 53 participants. In the results section movements of population contributing to the change of the social dynamics are identified and the impact of this social change in older people is defined. Results also show the most significant movements of population for the older people studied and the changes in the social dynamics perceived by them.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-12T17:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO BARRETO.pdf: 1723487 bytes, checksum: a0abd84ff4d0151c48147edcdf2ff8b3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-18T14:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO BARRETO.pdf: 1723487 bytes, checksum: a0abd84ff4d0151c48147edcdf2ff8b3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T14:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO BARRETO.pdf: 1723487 bytes, checksum: a0abd84ff4d0151c48147edcdf2ff8b3 (MD5) CAPES Esta tese tem como objeto as experiências de envelhecimento de pessoas casadas, com idade a partir dos cinqüenta anos e residentes em Salvador e Região Metropolitana. O objetivo é analisar as narrativas dessas pessoas sobre os significados do envelhecimento, a fim de compreender como elas constroem suas identidades e como vivenciam esse processo. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas individualmente, nas residências dos (as) participantes. As experiências retratadas e examinadas identificam sentimentos e significados relativos a situações vividas no envelhecimento e sugerem a influência de valores e normas vigentes na nossa sociedade. Nesse sentido, o envelhecimento exige negociação constante da pessoa com as formas sociais existentes, configurando-se como uma categoria instável, sujeita às transformações sociais, assim como às dinâmicas dos cursos de vida individuais. Tal compreensão vincula-se ao princípio de que, embora homens e mulheres percebam seu processo de envelhecer, expressando-o mediante conotações positivas e negativas, há variação nessas interpretações que mostra o caráter subjetivo da velhice e revela a dificuldade em estabelecer uma identidade única para o grupo pesquisado. O estudo confirma a importância da categoria gênero na visualização das construções sociais do envelhecimento, expondo as relações simbólicas, normativas, institucionais e subjetivas nessas construções. No âmbito conjugal, os resultados indicam que as relações entre marido e mulher são influenciadas pela ideologia patriarcal, evidenciada através da estilização de vida dos casais. Por fim, a pesquisa identifica que há desconstrução da categoria velhice entre os pesquisados, pela utilização de estratégias para tentar adiar os sinais da idade e fugir dos estigmas e classificações etárias. Como a idade comporta um sentido ideológico, envolve a avaliação da pessoa e do grupo do qual faz parte, possibilitando delinear expectativas de relacionamentos e atividades em que é atribuído um lugar para cada pessoa. This dissertation aims at the aging experiences of married people, aged fifty years or older and living in Salvador and its Metropolitan Region. Its objective is to analyze their narratives about the meanings of getting old, in order to understand the way they develop their identities and experience this process. The data were gathered through semi-structure and individual interviews performed at the participants‟ homes. The experiences that were portrayed and examined identify feelings and meanings related to situations experienced at aging and suggest the influence of values and standards in force in our society. In this sense, aging requires the ongoing negotiation of the person with the existing social forms, and thus it is shaped as an unstable category, subject to social transformations, as well as to the dynamics of the individual courses of life. The referred understanding is related to the principle that although men and women perceive their aging processes, expressing them through positive and negative connotations, the diversification of these interpretations shows the subjective feature of aging and reveals that it is difficult to establish a unique identity for the researched group. The study confirms the importance of the gender category in the visualization of the social formations of aging, exhibiting the symbolic, normative, institutional and subjective relationships that were formed. Within the scope of the married couples, the results show that the relationships between husband and wife are influenced by the patriarchal ideology, made clear through the couples‟ life styles. Lastly, the research indicates the deconstruction of the old age category amongst the ones that were researched, by using strategies to try to postpone the age signals and thus run away from the stigmas and age classifications. Since age comprises an ideological sense, the person and the group he or she belongs to is assessed, so that the expectancies and relationships are outlined and a place is assigned to each person.

Background: Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, and physical activity (PA), are thought to be some of the most important protective factors that can improve long-term health quality of life. Many epidemiological studies indicate, in fact, that F&V consumption and PA are health-promoting and are correlated with the beneficial effects and positive outcomes such as preventing some chronic diseases. Evidence, however, indicates that large proportions of adolescents are not consuming the minimum servings of F&V as recommended by experts and a high percentage of them have sedentary habits.Objective and method: The purpose of this research was to investigate knowledge and behaviors in a sample of secondary school, (250), and university students, (200), referred to F&V consumption and PA. The instrument used for the survey was a questionnaire containing 19 items with multiple choice answers. Data were codified, descriptive analysis and ÷2 tests were computed through Openstat and Statistica software.Results: Only 24,2% of the individuals identified welfare as including healthy eating, and this attitude seemed to be associated with the students’ families educational level. Educational level was also positively associated with the awareness of the importance of a healthy diet for well-being and with PA practice. The percentage of students having knowledge of the expert recommendations on PA and eating guidelines about F&V consumption was about one third of the entire population. Students who met the expert recommendation for daily servings of fruit and vegetables were 27,8%, while only 17,8% practiced regular PA. The principal source of information was university/school, (48,0% and 57,0%).Conclusions: Healthy dietary and PA habits are far from the optimal in our sample of students. Because of the importance for the prevention of many diseases and long term health, there is a need for interventions that target the youth and promote correct dietary habits and avoidance of physical inactivity. In particular, F&V intake and PA practice should be implemented by means of educational interventions in opportune settings, especially targeting schools, families and communities

Apresentam-se narrativas de uma instituição de saúde de Portugal, de profissionais de saúde que lá laboram. Elas retratam estilos deste tipo de instituição. Alicerçam-se no paradigma de produtividade e de excelência, mas também nos fazem pensar em modos de vida alternativos dentro desse mesmo espaço., We present narratives from healthcare professionals laboring in a health institution of Portugal. They depict, in our view, lifestyles of such an institution. Both are founded on productivity and excellence paradigm. They also make us think of alternative ways of life in that area and urban labor.

En el presente estudio se presentan datos sobre frecuencia de consumo y determinantes individuales y familiares, a través del tiempo, de cuatro conductas de riesgo entre adolescentes de 15 años: consumo de cigarrillo, alcohol y drogas, y sexo sin protección. Se trata de un tema sobre el cual hay muchos estudios internacionales -y algunos peruanos-, enfocados principalmente en la prevalencia de estas conductas. La investigación es el primer análisis longitudinal con adolescentes peruanos. La importancia del estudio de estas conductas radica en que se podrían asociar a problemas de salud, baja productividad o, en general, una reducción del bienestar personal a corto, mediano o largo plazo.

In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird die Bedeutung nahräumlich praktizierter Freizeitwege für Bewohner in zehn Untersuchungsgebieten im Berliner Umland untersucht. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht dabei die Identifizierung der diese Bedeutung verursachenden Erklärungsfaktoren, wobei als theoretische Zugänge zum einen der Rational Choice-Ansatz, zum anderen der Lebensstilansatz verwendet werden. Die durch die empirische Analyse quantitativer und qualitativer Daten erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Umlandbewohner ihre Freizeitwege zu einem erheblichen Anteil nahräumlich praktizieren. Den Hintergrund dafür bildet das im suburbanen Untersuchungsraum geringe Ausstattungsniveau mit Arbeitsstätten und Freizeiteinrichtungen, das die Bewohner vor die Herausforderung einer komplexen Alltags- und Mobilitätsorganisation stellt. Um den damit verbundenen Mobilitätsaufwand zu minimieren, versuchen die Bewohner, ihre Freizeitziele auf die im nahräumlichen Umland vorhandenen Einrichtungen zu konzentrieren, womit die Befragten ein den Annahmen des Rational Choice-Ansatzes entsprechendes nutzenmaximales Verhalten zeigen. Die nahräumliche Freizeitorientierung wird außerdem durch einen weiteren Einflussfaktor begünstigt: Die Entscheidung der Bewohner für ein im suburbanen Raum realisiertes Lebenskonzept impliziert gleichzeitig ihren Verzicht auf ein abwechslungsreiches, erlebnisorientiertes und damit mobilitätsintensives Freizeitverhalten. Insofern unterscheiden sich die Umlandbewohner wesentlich von den Bewohnern in Berlin, wie ein Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen einer ähnlichen Mobilitätsstudie für Berlin zeigt. Aus diesen Ergebnissen leitet sich die praxisrelevante Schlussfolgerung ab, den suburbanen Raum nicht länger zu vernachlässigen, sondern entsprechend den Bedürfnissen seiner Bewohner und im Interesse einer verkehrssparsamen Freizeitmobilität mit Freizeiteinrichtungen aufzuwerten. In this dissertation the importance of leisure mobility patterns near the place of living will be examined for ten investigation areas in the hinterland of Berlin. The analysis focuses on the identification of explanations that cause this importance. The applied theoretical foundation is mainly drawn from the Rational choice theory and the lifestyle theory. The results that have been achieved by empiric analysis of quantitative and qualitative data show that people living in the hinterland mainly concentrate their leisure activities on the neighbourhood environment. The low endowment with places of work and leisure facilities in the suburban investigation areas is identified as main reason for this specific spatial orientation. Consequently, the inhabitants have to face the challenge of a complex organization of their everyday life and daily mobility. In order to minimize the necessary effort of daily mobility they try to concentrate their leisure activities on infrastructure near their place of living. In terms of time-consuming mobility management the respondents showed a most economical behaviour. This result is in accordance to the assumptions of the Rational choice theory. Furthermore, leisure activities near the place of living are influenced by another factor: People’s decision on a concept of life in the suburban area simultaneously implies their abandonment on diversified and fun-oriented leisure activities that would lead to a time-consuming leisure mobility. According to a similar study on daily mobility for Berlin, the leisure behaviour and mobility pattern of the inhabitants of the suburbs differ considerably in comparison to that of the inhabitants of the urban core. The results lead to a conclusion that might be important for practice: In the context of regional planning, the suburban area should not be neglected any longer but rather revaluated with leisure infrastructure according to its inhabitant’s needs and to a traffic saving leisure mobility.

The procedures used more often in the investigation of active life habits formation do not approach or evaluate fundamental characteristics, such as the different perceptions structured by class habit or by other social stratifications, that are essential in Bourdieu’s conception to understand the preferences, tastes and life styles, frequently reputed to a rational and strictly personal choice. The originality of Pierre Bourdieu’s proposal calls attention to the need of using a kind of investigation based on the concept of habitus, in which the individual preferences or choices will be evaluated taking in consideration the definition of different social structures, and the concepts of hexis, ethos and structural elements (place, time of practice, free time, etc.). Os procedimentos utilizados com maior frequência na investigação da formação dos hábitos de vida ativa deixam de abordar e avaliar características fundamentais, como as diferentes percepções estruturadas pelo hábito de classe ou por outras estratificações sociais, as quis são imprescindíveis, na concepção de Bourdieu, para entender as preferências, gostos e estilos de vida, muitas vezes reputados a uma escolha racional e estritamente pessoal. A originalidade da proposta de Pierre Bourdieu chama a atenção para a necessidade de utilizar uma vertente de investigação baseada no conceito de habitus, em que as preferências ou escolhas individuais serão avaliadas levando em consideração a definição de diferentes estruturas sociais e dos conceitos de hexis, ethos e elementos estruturais (local, tempo de prática, tempo livre, etc.).

Arterial hypertension is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Today, it is possible to calculate the cardiovascular risk at 10 years with the risk card. The reduction of cardiovascular risk is based on a multi-factorial approach including the lifestyle modification. In Italy, OEC study has calculated that a certain proportion of borderline hypertensives, not eligible for a pharmacological treatment, remain at risk. Borderline arterial hypertension (140-150/90-95 mmHg) in Italian population is documented in 19% of males and 14% of females.: Aim of the study is to examine the efficacy of the lifestyle changes in reducing the global cardiovascular risk in bordeline hypertensives.102 patients affected by borderline hypertensive (46 M and 56 F, mean age: 55.6 yrs ) were enclosed in a 12 months prospective study. Three checks were programmed during the follow-up, i.e., at beginning, 6 months and 12 months later. At the start of the study every patient received a list of lifestyle changes to be respected. Pressure arterial systolic and diastolic were obtained at beginning and at the end of successive. At the last check each patient received a questionnaire to be filled up. According to the calculated score, each patient was classified as: non-responder (score: 0-3), partially responder (score: 4-6), responder (score: 7-9).A significant reduction of the globalcardiovascular risk has been observed at the end of the study in both the responders and partially responders. Such a reduction was seen to be due to positive changes in blood pressure and total, HDL, LDL cholesterol.This study confirmed that a non-pharmacological therapy based on lifestyle changes has to be preventively administered in the presence of a borderline hypertension because of its beneficial effects in reducing the global risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we firmly think that a prompt utilization of a correct lifestyle can sort the triple effect of improving the expectancy of life, ameliorating the quality of life, reducing the social costs of arterial hypertension.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2010, Bu çalışmada, günümüzde üretilen konut projelerinin pazarlanması esnasında kullanılan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin bireyin seçimine olan etkisi problem alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle ev kavramının farklı çağrışımları ve birey için ne anlam ifade ettiği üzerinde durulmuş; konutun ev olabilmesi için karşılaması gereken minimum gereksinimlerin listesi oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bu liste analiz aşamasında konut projelerinin irdelenmesi esnasında bir altlık olarak kullanılmıştır. İkinci bölümde konut piyasasının yönelimlerini belirleyen tüketime dayalı yaşam ele alınmış, tüketim toplumunun oluşumu ve nicelleştirdiği değerler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Analiz kısmında ise seçilen konut projelerinin gereksinimler listesini ne ölçüde karşıladıkları ve tüketime dayalı yaşamların yönlendirdiği gereksinimleri barındırıp barındırmadıkları göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Böylelikle henüz proje aşamasında olan konut projelerinin, temsiller üzerinden kullanıcıya nasıl sunuldukları ve gerçeği ne kadar yansıttıkları sorgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma boyunca benzer yaşam tarzlarına ve geleneksel biçimlenişlere sahip mekânlarda sıkışıp kalmış, standartlaşmış hayatları kendi tercihiymişçesine yaşayan kullanıcıların seçimlerini neye göre yaptıkları ve piyasanın konut anlayışını ne yönde etkiledikleri analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır., This research aims to point out the problematic of new housing settlements and their way of representing themselves, in terms of effecting individual’s needs, necessities and ideals. First of all, the concepts of ‘home’ and ‘house’ are clarified. As the concept of ‘Home’ and its physical appearance ‘House’ have several different meanings that vary for each individual, the house market effects from all these dynamics and try to meet individual’s possible needs according to them. So during the research a scheme of these necessities are listed in order to make it easier to analyze whether the selected projects correspond the basic needs of the individual. In second part, consumption based life styles and their effects on daily life are discussed. Lastly, selected housing projects especially in Istanbul, served as ‘all inclusive’ life packages with so many facilities and different concept of life styles that aim to expand the quality of life and differ user’s experience, are analyzed and discussed whether these projects are able to correspond needs or they are only generating new necessities and ideals to encourage persistence of consumer society., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

The work has the the objective of determining how way the life style and interpersonal values differ each other accordint to tha category that each youg people from Huanuco Department obtains into from each personality factor of Caprara and Barbaranelli. The used method was the Correlational Descriptive, the sample was conformed for 374 both sex young people and responded the next tests: BFQ Questionary, the Interpersonal Values Questionary and the Life Style Questionary. The Validity and Trusting of these tests were shown and adapted to eruvian scales. The results show that personality factors from Big Five don’t set out significative difference over life styles and interpersonal values., El objetivo del estudio es determinar la medida en que los estilos de vida y los valores interpersonales difieren según la categoría en la que se ubican dentro de cada factor de personalidad de Caprara y Barbaranelli en los jóvenes del departamento de Huánuco. El método fue descriptivo correlacional, la muestra conformada por 374 jóvenes de ambos sexos a quienes se les aplicó: el Cuestionario BFQ “Big Five”, el Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales “SIV” y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida. La validez y confiabilidad de dichos instrumentos fueron debidamente demostrados adaptando a baremos peruanos. Los resultados evidencian que los factores de personalidad del Big Five, no plantean diferencias significativas sobre los estilos de vida y los valores interpersonales.

Diese Arbeit betrachtet den Einfluss von Lebensstilen auf Wohnmobilitätshandlungen in zehn Berliner Untersuchungsgebieten. Aus einer handlungstheoretischen Perspektive steht die soziale Differenzierung von Place-utility-Definitionen und Handlungslogiken der Wohnmobilität im Mittelpunkt der Analyse. Damit nimmt diese Arbeit auch kritisch Bezug auf die deutsche Lebensstildiskussion, die seit zwei Jahrzehnten konzeptionelle und empirische Wege zur Entdeckung einer neuen sozialen Einfachstruktur sucht, und setzt sich mit der Übertragung des Lebensstilbegriffs auf raumbezogene Analysen auseinander. In der empirischen Analyse qualitativer und quantitativer Daten wird das Ungleichheitsmerkmal Lebensstil in in seiner altersspezifischen und in seiner vertikalen Strukturierung entlang des Ausstattungsniveaus betrachtet. Die identifizierten lebensstilspezifischen Differenzen im Wohnen sind in Wirklichkeitsmodelle über die soziale Welt und die Position des Individuums darin eingebettet, aus der sie ihren sozialen Sinn beziehen. Diese untereinander zum Teil fundamental gegensätzlichen Modelle haben eine begrenzte soziale Reichweite und sind nur in wenigen Fällen über weite Teile der Gesellschaft anerkannt. Das Ungleichheitsmerkmal Lebensstil erweist sich in den Analysen als signifikant für die Beurteilung unterschiedlicher Standort- und Wohnmobilitätsmuster. Insbesondere die Ergänzung quantitativer Typisierungen durch qualitativ-rekonstruktive Analysen eignet sich dafür, den sozialen Sinn unterschiedlicher Handlungsweisen zu ergründen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sprechen aber nicht dafür, dass Lebensstile für die Analyse sozialräumlicher Zusammenhänge allgemein als besser geeignet anzusehen wären als traditionelle Dimensionen sozialer Ungleichheit. Statt dessen sollten Lebensstilanalysen selektiver zur Untersuchung von Quartiersdynamiken oder für die Rekonstruktion von Milieus und Szenen eingesetzt werden. In this study, the impact of lifestyles on residential mobility is analysed by drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from ten study areas in Berlin. From an action-theory-perspective, the analysis is centred on the social differentiation of place-utility definitions and residential mobility. The relationship between residential mobility and lifestyles is scrutinised in two directions: on the one hand, how far lifestyles can help to understand residential mobility; and on the other, what residential patterns and mobility actions reveal with regard to the social significance of lifestyles as a dimension of social inequality. Following these questions, the study takes a critical perspective in an ongoing debate in German sociology ad urban geography on a new paradigm of social stratification based on lifestyles. For the empirical analysis of this study, lifestyles are conceived as structured alongside the horizontal dimension modernity/biographical perspective and the vertical dimension of resources. The results show a differentiation of place utility expressed by preferences for housing types and neighbourhoods. Lifestyle specific differences gain their social significance by being embedded in models of reality that represent the individual''s position in the social world. The different individual models may be fundamentally opposed to each other and have only a limited social scope. In the analyses conducted in this study, lifestyles prove to be a significant dimension of inequality for different patterns of residential mobility, in particular when qualitative methodology is used to reconstruct their social significance. Nevertheless, the results do not advocate a conception of lifestyles as a more suitable dimension of inequality regarding socio-spatial issues in comparison to traditional dimensions, such as class and ethnicity. Instead I argue for a more selective use of the concept, for instance, in research on neighbourhood dynamics or milieus and scenes.

peer-reviewed There is frequently an assumption that fixed dualisms are no longer relevant (Thorne, 1993) so that socially constructed and differentially valued gendered cultures no longer exist. Gender however has not been consistently referred to as an outdated or zombie category (Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, 2002), while a variety of evidence suggests that male priorities, choices and life-styles are differentially valued (UN, 1995; O???Connor, 2000). Drawing on a national one in ten random sample of 4,100 texts written by Irish young people, typically aged 10-12 and 14-17 years, in response to an invitation to describe ???themselves and the Ireland they inhabit???, this article suggests that aspects of their narratives (relating to relationships and life styles) reflect the existence of gender differentiated cultures, although these ???two cultures??? are much less apparent in their narratives about time, space and consumption. Finally, the paper touches on the implications of these trends for understanding contemporary Irish society.

Esta tese propõe avançar uma caracterização teórica e empiricamente fundamentada das experiências sociais e orientações de estilos de vida, que enquadram o crescimento e diferenciação da residência unipessoal nas sociedades modernas contemporâneas. Num olhar que se constrói tomando por perspectiva o viver só como um protagonismo de escolha, material e simbolicamente contextualizado, procura-se, no fundo, perceber a mudança social não apenas ao nível das grandes transformações societais mas como resultado acumulado e progressivo de decisões e interacções quotidianas. Os enfoques analíticos foram sendo desenvolvidos recorrendo a múltiplos contributos teóricos e também a diversas fontes de informação e metodologias, incorporando referências que tanto remetem para contextos institucionais de âmbito global, como para as análises micro, focalizadas nos sujeitos e nas suas experiências sociais plurais e heterogéneas. This thesis offers us a theoretical and empirical characterization of the social experiences and lifestyles that are the setting for the growth and differentiation in living alone in contemporary societies. Focusing on the experience of living alone as a choice, materially and symbolically contextualized, we basically propose to analyse social change, both on the level of great societal changes and as the cumulative and progressive result of daily decisions and social interactions. To meet this objective, we use numerous theoretical contributions following some of the most important lines of current debate on the different socio-institutional dimensions of modernity and social change and a wide array of empirical information and methodologies. We incorporate references to global institutional contexts and micro-analyses focused on the plurality and heterogeneity of the social experience of people who live alone.

Editorial: El regreso a la realidad. Aguilera, Oscar Presentación: Los servicios públicos un tema reciente, un debate inconcluso. The public services a recent subject, an unfinished debate. Hernández de Padrón, María Inés ¿El retorno del estado? Procesos sociodemográficos, gestión política y transporte urbano en Santo Domingo (República Dominicana). ¿The state return? Sociodemographic processes, public management and urban transportation (Dominican Republic). Faxas, Laura El trolebús como una política pública. The trolleybus as a public policy. Loaiza Rincón, Luis; Morales, Carlos El transporte colectivo urbano: Aplicación del enfoque de sistemas para un mejor servicio. The urban collective transportation systems focus: Application for a better service. Mundó Tejada, Josefina Metodología para la creación de sistemas de información geográfica en transporte para la planificación y la gestión urbana. Creating geographic data systems methodology in transportation for urban planning and management. Ocaña Ortiz, Rosa Virginia; Mundó Tejada, Josefina; Lusitano, Jorge Gestión local y servicio público: El servicio de basura en el Municipio Libertador en Mérida. Local management and public: Services the garbage collect service in Mérida city. Hernández de Padrón, María Inés ¿Transición o continuismo? La política social venezolana en el inicio del nuevo milenio. ¿Transition or continuity? Venezuelan social policy in the beginning of a new millennium. Gómez Sánchez, Irey Coromoto La medicina y la emergencia de un nuevo modelo conceptual (o de la psiconeuroinmunología y el regreso de dyonisos en los nuevos paradigmas médicos). Medicine and the emerging of a new conceptual model (psychoimmunology and dionysos return to the new medical paradigms). Pino de Casanova, Malin Orientación de la violencia familiar y aprendizaje del componente intersubjetivo a través de una didáctica constructivista. Familiar violence orientation and intersubjective component learnig trough a contructivist didactics. Campo-Redondo, Maria Susana Significación de la calidad de vida y revitalización del espacio urbano un estudio de caso. Quality life significance and urban space rehabilitation a study case. de Pablos Ramírez, Juan Carlos; Sánchez Tovar, Ligia La muerte. The death. Cartay, Rafael Reseña 415-446 jdpablos@ugr.es Ligia trimestral Nivel analítico