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Berdasarkan data World Health Organitation (WHO) pada tahun 2018, tercatat hiperkolestrolemia lebih dari 160 juta penduduk dunia memiliki kadar kolesterol total >200 mg/dl yang termasuk kategori cukup tinggi dan lebih dari 34 juta penduduk dewasa Amerika memiliki kadar kolesterol total >240 mg/dl yang termasuk tinggi dan membutuhkan terapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk pengaruh pemberian ju buah naga merah terhadap penurunan kolesterol pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia usia 35-50 tahun di pukesmas Kampar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen with control, dengan pendekatan pre post test with control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 24 – 31 Januari 2021 dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang dengan kriteria 15 orang sebagai kelompok kasus dan 15 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Populasi pada penelitian ini Seluruh Penderita Hiperkolesterolemia yang Berada di Desa Batu Belah Tahun 2020. Teknik pengumpulan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji paired t test. Hasil pengujian didapatkan terlihat bahwa perbedaan antara sebelum mengkonsumsi jus buah naga merah dan sesudah mengkonsumsi jus buah naga merah adalah 17,13. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p Value 0,000, artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata antara kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi jus buah naga merah Sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol selisih mean nya adalah -2,94 dengan nilai p value 0,000. Artinya ini tidak berpengaruh.. Kesimpulan Ada pengaruh pemberian jus buah naga terhadap kadar kolesterol pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia di Desa Batu Belah Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kampar Tahun 2021.

Kransæðasjúkdómur dregur fleiri til dauða á hverju ári en nokkur annar sjúkdómur á heimsvísu. Sjúkdómurinn einkennist af framvindu æðakölkunar, sem er flókið og margþætt ferli. Á undanförnum 14 árum hafa rannsóknir með víðtækri erfðamengisleit leitt til stórstígra framfara í skilningi manna á hlutverki erfðaþátta í framgangi æðakölkunar. Sem dæmi hafa nýlegar erfðarannsóknir undirstrikað orsakasamband milli lípóprótína sem innihalda apólípóprótín B og aukinnar áhættu á kransæðasjúkdómi. Doktorsritgerð þessi byggir á fjórum birtum rannsóknum. Rannsóknirnar voru unnar við Íslenska erfðagreiningu og byggja á yfirgripsmiklum gagnagrunni sem geymir arfgerðar- og svipgerðarupplýsingar yfir 160.000 Íslendinga. Hver einstaklingur var arfgerðargreindur með DNA-örflögum en auk þess voru erfðamengi allt að 50.000 einstaklinga heilraðgreind. Arfgerðarupplýsingar sem fengust með heilraðgreiningu voru síðan notaðar til að áætla arfðgerðir í heildarúrtakinu með líkindafræðilegum hætti. Fyrsta rannsóknin skoðaði áhrif 50 algengra erfðaþátta kransæðasjúkdóms á útbreiðslu sjúkdómsins við kransæðaþræðingu hjá yfir 8.600 einstaklingum. Erfðafræðilegt áhættuskor sem tekur saman áhrif þessara breytileika hafði fylgni við aukna útbreiðslu kransæðasjúkdóms. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að samanlögð áhrif algengra erfðaþátta kransæðasjúkdóms spáðu ekki aðeins fyrir um áhættu, heldur einnig útbreiðslu sjúkdómsins við kransæðaþræðingu. Önnur rannsóknin skoðaði hvort erfðaþættir sem hafa þekkt tengsl við blóðfitu hafi áhrif á útbreiðslu kransæðasjúkdóms meðal yfir 17.000 einstaklinga sem höfðu gengist undir kransæðaþræðingu eða mat á kalki í kransæðum með tölvusneiðmyndun. Erfðaskor fyrir mismunandi blóðfitutegundir voru notuð til þess að kanna fylgni við útbreiðslu kransæðasjúkdóms og meta hvort orsakasamhengi sé til staðar, með aðferð sem nefnist á ensku Mendelian randomization. Þessi rannsókn undirstrikaði orsakaáhrif kólesteróls sem bundið er í lípóprótínum sem innihalda apólípóprótín B (þ.e. ekki-HDL kólesteról) á þróun æðakölkunar í kransæðum. Þriðja rannsóknin miðaði að því að skoða algengi og afleiðingar arfbundinnar kólesterólhækkunar meðal 160.000 einstaklinga. Bornar voru saman tvenns konar skilgreiningar sem byggja annars vegar á arfgerð (þ.e. að sjúkdómsvaldandi stökkbreyting sé til staðar) og hins vegar á klínískri svipgerð sem samræmist sjúkdóminum (samkvæmt Dutch Lipid Clinic Network skilmerkjunum). Tuttugu meinvaldandi stökkbreytingar fundust, en tólf þeirra voru áður óþekktar í íslensku þýði. Samanlagt algengi stökkbreytinganna var u.þ.b. 1 af 800 í heildarúrtakinu. Arfbundin kólesterólhækkun sem skilgreind er út frá klínískri svipgerð var hins vegar mun algengari (2,2% meðal fullorðinna einstaklinga með kólesterólmælingar) og í minnihluta tilfella mátti rekja hana til undirliggjandi stökkbreytingar. Báðir hópar með arfbundna kólesterólhækkun voru mjög vanmeðhöndlaðir með kólesteróllækkandi lyfjum. Fjórða rannsóknin segir frá uppgötvun afar sjaldgæfrar stökkbreytingar í geni lágþéttni-lípóprótína (LDL) viðtakans (LDLR), sem veldur aukinni virkni prótínsins. Stökkbreytingin er 2,5 kílóbasa brottfelling á 3’ stýrisvæði (e. 3’ untranslated region) sem fannst í sjö einstaklingum innan sömu fjölskyldunnar. Arfberar höfðu yfir 70% lægra gildi lágþéttni-LDL kólesteróls í blóði og yfirborðstjáning LDL viðtakans í eitilfrumum þeirra var nærri tvöföld á við þá sem ekki bera stökkbreytinguna. Þetta er fyrsta stökkbreytingin í LDLR sem vitað er að auki verulega tjáningu viðtakans og veldur þar með mikilli lækkun LDL kólesteróls í blóði. Greining á áhrifum stökkbreytingarinnar varpar ljósi á þátt 3’ stýrisvæðisins í tjáningu LDL viðtakans og sýnir að stytting þess getur aukið tjáningu viðtakans verulega. Saman varpa þessar rannsóknir ljósi á áhrif algengra og sjaldgæfra arfbreytileika á meingerð kransæðasjúkdóms, með sérstaka áherslu á þátt blóðfitu., Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common disease that remains the leading cause of death worldwide. CAD is characterized by the development of coronary atherosclerosis, a complex and multifaceted process. Over the last 14 years, genomewide association studies have greatly improved our understanding of the contribution of DNA sequence variants to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. For example, genetic studies have underscored that circulating apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins such as low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are causally related to the development of CAD. This thesis is based on four genetic studies. The studies were carried out at deCODE genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland, and are based on an extensive database that holds the genotypes and phenotypes of over 160,000 Icelandic participants. Each participant was chip-genotyped and up to 50,000 participants additionally underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS); the sequence variants identified using WGS were then imputed into the entire genotyped sample. The first study examined the effects of 50 common risk variants for CAD on the extent of coronary atherosclerosis using angiographic data from over 8,600 genotyped participants. A genetic risk score that combines the effects of these variants was associated with increased extent of angiographic CAD, thus demonstrating that the cumulative burden of these variants is not only associated with increased risk of CAD, but also its angiographic extent. The second study assessed the contribution of many established lipid-associated variants with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in a total of over 17,000 participants who had undergone coronary angiography or coronary artery calcium scanning. Genetic scores for different lipid traits were used in a Mendelian randomization analysis to evaluate the causal effects of different lipid traits on the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. This study highlighted the causal role of non-HDL cholesterol in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. The third study sought to characterize monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and clinically defined FH (using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria) in over 160,000 genotyped Icelanders. Twenty FH mutations were identified in about 50,000 individuals in a WGS subsample, 12 of which had not been described in Iceland previously. The prevalence of these mutations was approximately 1 in 800 in the overall sample. Clinical FH was much more common than monogenic FH (prevalence 2.2% in adults with available cholesterol measurements) and rarely explained by monogenic FH. Both monogenic FH and clinical FH were severely undertreated, as guideline-directed goals for lipid-lowering treatment were rarely achieved. The fourth study describes the discovery of an extremely rare gain-of-function mutation in the LDL receptor gene (LDLR). This mutation is a 2.5 kilobase deletion involving the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene, found in seven individuals within a single four generation family in Iceland. The mutation was associated with over 70% reduction in blood levels of LDL cholesterol and almost two-fold higher surface expression of the LDL receptor in lymphoblast cell lines derived from the carriers. This mutation is the first known high-impact gain-of-function mutation in LDLR. The functional consequences of this mutation highlight the role of negative regulation by the 3’ UTR on LDLR mRNA expression and demonstrate the 3’ UTR shortening via alternative polyadenylation is a powerful modulator of LDL receptor expression. In summary, these studies demonstrate the influence of common and rare sequence variants on the development of coronary atherosclerosis with a particular emphasis on the role of blood lipids.

In this study, roes obtained from carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) that were caught from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ) and the cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were processed as caviar and compositions of proximate and vitamins, cholesterol levels were determined in the products.In the research, roes obtained from mature fish were processed under aseptic conditions by suitable procedures for different fish species. The obtained caviars were weighed as 75 grams and filled in 200 ml capped glass jar and stored in +4 ºC for 28 days. As a result of the analysis in the study, the amount of dry matter was determined to be 35.94% in roes obtained from rainbow trout and 31.28% in roes obtained from carp. The average protein content in raw roe obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 24.32%, it was determined to be 18.25 % in carp. In this study, the fat content in roes obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 9.14%, but it did not show much change during processing and it was determined to be 8.84% in the end product. During the production and storage of the caviar produced from rainbow trout and carp, the fat-soluble vitamin composition and cholesterol levels were determined. During the study, it was found that the amounts of vitamin A between rainbow trout and carp caviars were significantly different (p, Bu çalışmada, Elazığ ili Keban Baraj Gölü’nden avlanan sazan balıkları (Cyprinus carpio carpio) ve kültür gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss) elde edilen yumurtalar havyar olarak işlenerek ürünün besin ve vitamin kompozisyonu ile kolesterol düzeyleri saptanmıştır.Araştırmada tam olgunlaşmış ve sağım aşamasına gelmiş anaç balıklardan sağılarak alınan yumurtalar elde edilen balık türüne uygun farklı şekillerde aseptik koşullar altında işlendi. Elde edilen havyarlar 75’er gram tartılarak kapaklı cam 200 ml’lik kavanozlara yerleştirildikten sonra 28 gün süreyle +4 ºC’de muhafazaya alındı.Çalışmada yapılan analizler sonucunda, kuru madde miktarının gökkuşağı alabalıklarından elde edilen yumurtsalarda % 35.94, sazandan elde edilen yumurtalarda % 31.28 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gökkuşağı alabalığından elde edilen ham yumurtada ortalama protein içeriği % 24.32, sazanlarda % 18.25 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığından elde edilen balık yumurtasındaki yağ içeriği % 9,14 olarak tespit edilirken işleme sonucunda bu değerin fazla bir değişiklik göstermediği ve son üründe % 8,84 olarak tespit edilmiştir.Gökkuşağı alabalığı ve sazandan üretilen havyarın üretimi ve depolanması sırasında yağda çözünen vitamin kompozisyonu ve kolesterol düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sırasında gökkuşağı alabalığı ve sazan havyarlarında belirlenen A vitamin miktarları arasındaki farkın istatistiki olarak önemli olduğu (p

Background: During acute myocardial infarction, phosphorylated TnI levels, Ca2+ sensitivity and ATPase activity are decreased in the myocardium, and the elevation in Ca2+ levels activates protease I (calpain I), leading to the proteolytic degradation of troponins. Concurrently, hypoxia enhanced the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a) increasing the level of apelin, which limits infarct size, and improves myocardial function. ----- Methods: In this prospective observational study, 100 consecutive patients meeting the following criteria were included: continuous chest pain lasting > 30 min, an electrocardiogram (ECG) with ST-segment elevation (measured at the J-point) ≥ 2.5 mm in men < 40 years, ≥ 2 mm in men ≥ 40 years, or ≥ 1.5mm in women in leads V2-V3 and/or ≥ 1mm in other leads [in the absence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy or left bundle branch block (LBBB)], rise of specific biomarkers such as troponin I and the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CKMB), and patients who underwent reperfusion therapy. The levels of apelin-12, creatine kinase (CK), the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CKMB), troponin I, NT-proBNP, CRP, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and other routine laboratory parameters are measured. In particular, we evaluated the levels of apelin-12 and troponin I on the first and seventh days after reperfusion therapy in all patients. ----- Results: There was variability in apelin values on the first day (Kruskal-Wallis test) relative to segmental wall motion abnormalities (SWMAs) (p=0.046) and on the seventh day relative to different numbers of coronary lesions and stenoses (p2.2 for the association of apelin with MACE was determined, and the AUC was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.58–0.84). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed a lower rate of MACE among patients with apelin levels >2.2 (p = 0.002), and the ROC curve analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the area under the curve (p = 0.004). Pearson’s correlation between apelin-12 and creatine kinase-MB on the first day in patients without reperfusion injury was characterized with a p value, Uvod: Razina fosforiliranog troponina I, osjetljivost Ca2+ i aktivnost ATP-aze snižena je u miokardu tijekom akutnog infarkta miokarda. Porast razine Ca2+ aktivira proteazu I (kalpain I) koja proteolizom razgrađuje troponine. Istovremeno, hipoksija potiče ekspresiju hipoksijom induciranog faktora 1 alfa (HIF-1a) koji potiče porast razine apelina. Apelin ograničava veličinu infarkta i poboljšava funkciju miokarda. ----- Metode: U ovu prospektivnu opservacijsku studiju bilo je uključeno 100 uzastopnih bolesnika koji su ispunjavali sljedeće kriterije: neprekinuta bol u prsima u trajanju > 30 min, elevacija ST-spojnice u elektrokardiogramu (EKG) (mjerena od J-točke) ≥ 2.5 mm u muškaraca < 40 godina, ≥ 2 mm u muškaraca ≥ 40 godina ili ≥ 1.5 mm u žena u odvodima V2-V3 i/ili ≥ 1mm u drugim odvodima (uz odsutnost hipertrofije lijeve klijetke ili bloka lijeve grane), porast specifičnih biomarkera poput troponina I, MB frakcije kreatin kinaze (CKMB), i bolesnici koji su bili podvrgnuti reperfuzijskoj terapiji. Mjerena je razina apelina-12, kreatin kinaze (CK), MB frakcije kreatin kinaze (CKMB), troponina I, NT-proBNP, CRP, triglicerida, LDL i HDL kolesterola te rutinskih laboratorijskih parametara. Posebna pozornost data je na mjerenje razine apelina-12 i troponina I prvi i sedmi dan nakon reperfuzijske terapije kod svih bolesnika. ----- Rezultati: Pronađena je varijabilnost u razini apelina prvog dana (Kruskal-Walisov test) relativna u odnosu na segmentalne abnormalnosti gibanja stijenke (SWMAs) (p=0.046) i sedmog dana relativna u odnosu na različiti broj koronarnih lezija i stenoza (p 2.2 bila je određena za povezanost apelina s MACE, a površina ispod krivulje (AUC) bila je 0.71 (95% interval podudarnosti CI, 0.58-0.84). Analiza preživljenja (koristeći Kaplan-Meierovu metodu) pokazala je nižu stopu MACE u bolesnika s razinom apelina > 2.2 (p=0.002), a ROC krivulja je pokazala statistički značajnu razliku u površini ispod krivulje (p=0.004). Pearsonova korelacija između apelina-12 i kreatin kinaze-MB prvog dana u bolesnika bez reperfuzijske ozljede bila je okarakterizirana sa p-vrijednosti

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh minyak ikan yang sudah terenkapsulasi terhadap kolesterol darah dan performa pada Domba. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Sub Unit Pelayanan Pengembangan Pembibitan Ternak Domba dan Kambing (SUPPPTDK) Bunihayu, Subang pada tanggal 20 Januari 2020 sampai 27 Maret 2020. Sebanyak 18 ekor domba Ekor Tipis jantan dengan bobot 15,99±0,98 kg dialokasikan ke dalam 3 perlakuan secara acak. Domba tersebut diberi ransum perlakuan yang disuplementasi dengan mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan sebanyak 0% (P0), 2,5% (P1), dan 5% (P2). Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis ragam dan bila hasil berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah (P0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi dan konversi ransum (P0,05). Penurunan kadar kolesterol terjadi pada kelompok domba dengan perlakuan mikroenkapsulasi sebanyak 2,5% (P1) dan mikroenkapsulasi 5% (P2). Kadar kolesterol darah masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 100,70 mg/dl (P0); 96,20 mg/dl (P1); dan 78,76 mg/dl (P2). Rataan yang terbaik pada pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering harian, dan konversi ransum terdapat pada P2 yaitu 63,96 g/hari, 574,13 g/hari, dan 9,08. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah, dengan penurunan tertinggi pada pemberian 5%. (The impact of microencapsulation fish oil in feed on blood cholesterols and performance on sheep) ABSTRAK. This study measured the effect of encapsulated fish oil on blood cholesterol and sheep performance. The study was conducted at the Bunihayu Sheep and Goat Breeding Services Bunihayu, Subang on January 20, 2020 to March 27, 2020. A total of 18 male thin-tailed sheep 15.99±0.98 kg were allocated randomly into 3 treatments. The sheep were given feed supplemented with fish oil microencapsulation of 0% (P0), 2.5% (P1), and 5% (P2). The data were collected and analyzed by analysis of variance and, if the result is significantly different, continued by Duncan's test. The results showed that fish oil microencapsulation decreased blood cholesterol levels (P0.05). However, it did not affect body weight gain, consumption, and feed conversion (P0.05). Decreased levels of cholesterol occurred in the group of sheep with 2.5% microencapsulation (P1) and 5% microencapsulation (P2). Blood cholesterol levels of each treatment were 100.70 mg/dl (P0); 96.20 mg/dl (P1); and 78.76 mg/dl (P2), respectively. Averagely, the highest body weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion were found in P2 as much as 63.96 g/day, 574.13 g/day, and 9.08, respectively. The results can be concluded that microencapsulation of fish oil can reduce blood cholesterol, with the highest decrease at the level of 5%.

Menurut World Health Organization (2016) menunjukkan 17,5 juta orang di seluruh dunia meninggal karena penyakit jantung koroner yang diakibatkan oleh hiperkolesterolemia atau sebesar 31% dari jumlah total kematian diseluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas senam taichi terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuok Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pretest postest. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita hiperkolesterolemia yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuok pada bulan Januari-September 2019 yang berjumlah 20 orang dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu berupa lembar checklist Analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rata- rata kadar kolesterol sebelum diberikan senam taichi adalah 251,95 mg/dl, rata- rata kadar kolesterol setelah diberikan senam taichi adalah 195,70 mg/dl dan senam taichi efektif terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuok tahun 2019 dengan p value 0,000. Diharapkan kepada responden untuk selalu mengontrol kolesterol di Puskesmas, mengkonsumsi makanan yang tidak mengandung kolesterol dan mengupayakan melakukan senam taichi sebagai terapi untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol.

Plasma-desorption mass spectrometry with ionization of 252Californium fission fragments (252Cf-PD MS) was used to develop an express diagnostic test for bovine leukaemia. The test is based on the mass spectrometric parameters of artificial lipid membranes formed on the gold substrate from the lipid fraction of blood cells (mainly lymphocytes), by the self-assembly technique according to the biomimetic principle. Mass spectrometric analysis of artificial lipid membranes obtained from blood plasma of control and leukemic cattle gave a reliable diagnosis of leukaemia. The basis for the diagnosis were the ionization parameters of the fragmentation of lipid molecules from normal and leukemic cell membranes. In leukemic cell membranes, separate dense areas (rafts) 200 – 300 nm in diameter, saturated with cholesterol and phospholipids, are formed. The number of rafts per unit of cell membrane of leukemic cells significantly exceeded the permitted parameters of normal cell membranes. The increased number of rafts in artificial membranes formed in the membranes of leukemic cells was reliably reflected in mass spectra, due to the 180 – 250% increase in intensity of peaks of cholesterol fragment ions in comparison to control cells., Korištenjem desorpcije plazme pomoću masene spektrometrije s ionizacijom fragmenata fizije 252kalifornijskih fragmenata fizije (252Cf-PD MS) razvijen je brzi test za dijagnostiku leukemije goveda. Istraživanje se temelji na masenim spektrometrijskim pokazateljima umjetnih lipidnih membrana formiranih na zlatnom supstratu iz lipidne frakcije krvnih stanica (uglavnom limfocita) samo-sastavnom tehnikom prema biomimetičkom principu. Masena spektrometrijska analiza lipidnih umjetnih membrana dobivenih iz krvne plazme kontrolne skupine i skupine goveda oboljelih od leukemije omogućava pouzdanu dijagnozu leukemije. Osnova za dijagnozu bili su pokazatelji ionizacije i fragmentacije lipidnih molekula iz normalnih staničnih membrana i leukemijskih stanica. U membranama leukemijskih stanica formiraju se zasebna gusta područja (tzv. splavi) promjera 200 - 300 nm, zasićena kolesterolom i fosfolipidima. Broj splavi po jedinici stanične membrane leukemijskih stanica znatno je veći od odgovarajućih pokazatelja membrane normalnih stanica. Povećani broj splavi u umjetnim membranama formiranim iz membrana stanica goveda oboljelih s leukemijom pouzdano se odražava u masenim spektrima u povećanju intenziteta vrhunaca iona fragmenata kolesterola za 180 - 250 % u usporedbi sa skupinom kontrolnih goveda.

Sorumlu yazar E-mail adresi: rabiaege4@gmail.com (Rabia Ege) İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) dünyada ölüme sebep olan bütün hastalıkların başında yer alır. KVH’nın önlenebilir bir hastalık olması sebebiyle üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar önem arz etmektedir. KVH’yı önleme ve KVH’nın tedavisinde beslenme alışkanlıkları ve yaşam tarzının iyileştirilmesi ön planda yer almaktadır. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin yanı sıra diyet posasından zengin beslenmenin de KVH’ya neden olan kandaki; total kolesterol, düşük yoğunluklu lipoproteinler gibi parametrelerin düzeylerini düşürerek hastalığa yakalanma riskini azalttığı görülmüştür. Yapılan klinik ve deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda yulaf ve yulaf içeren ürünlerin tüketilmesinin serum kolesterolü ve diğer kardiyovasküler hastalık markerleri üzerindeki yararlı etkisi saptanmıştır. Yulafın kolesterol düşürücü etkisinin, içerdiği β-glukan ve posa ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA) 1997'de ,2004 de ise Birleşik Krallık Ortak Sağlık Talepleri Girişimi de (JHCI) yulaf β-glukanın kolesterol düşürücü etkisini onaylamıştır. β-glukanın sadece kolesterol üzerine değil, diyabet, obezite ve metabolik sendrom gibi kronik hastalıklar üzerine de etkili olarak KVH’nın oluşumunu engellediğine dair çalışmalar da literatürde mevcuttur. Bu çalışmanın amacı da β-glukanın kardiovasküler sağlık üzerine yapmış olduğu etkileri inceleyerek, sağlıklı beslenmede β-glukana ne ölçüde yer vermemiz gerektiğini değerlendirerek bilime katkıda bulunmaktır. Son literatürlerde verilen bilgilere dayanarak, çözünür liflerden β-glukanın KVH’nın korunma ve tedavisi üzerindeki etkisi kanıtlanmış olup, günlük beslenmede β-glukan içeren besinlerin diyetisyenler tarafından önerilmesinin doğru olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading diseases that cause death in the world. Since CVD is a preventable disease, studies on it are important. Improving dietary habits and lifestyle are in the foreground in the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition to adequate and balanced nutrition, nutrition rich in dietary fiber also causes CVD in the blood; It has been observed that it reduces the risk of developing the disease by lowering the levels of parameters such as total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins. As a result of clinical and experimental studies, the beneficial effect of consuming oats and products containing oats on serum cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease markers has been determined. The cholesterollowering effect of oats is thought to be related to the β-glucan and pulp it contains. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the cholesterol-lowering effect of oat β-glucan in 1997 and the United Kingdom Joint Health Claims Initiative (JHCI) in 2004. There are also studies in the literature that Β-glucan prevents the formation of CVD not only on cholesterol but also on chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of β-glucan on cardiovascular health and to contribute to science by evaluating to what extent we should include β-glucan in healthy diets. Based on the information given in the recent literature, the effect of β-glucan, one of the soluble fibers, on the prevention and treatment of CVD has been proven, and it has been determined that it may be correct to recommend foods containing β-glucan in daily nutrition by dieticians.

This study aimed to identify seasonal and age related variability in triglycerides (TRI), paraoxonase (PON), stimulated PON (PON I) and cholesterol (CHOL, HDL, LDL) in extensively reared Lička pramenka sheep. The study was conducted 30 randomly chosen non-gravid Lička pramenka sheep on an extensive farm, grouped into three age groups in the Karlovac County, Croatia. Blood was collected by venepuncture of the jugular vein, twice in one year - the first sampling in spring (April) and the second in autumn (October). The results showed that age had no significant effect on any of the investigated indicators, while seasonality significantly affected five out of the six parameters examined. Significantly higher levels of serum lipid components in autumn can be explained by the influence of the traditional way of rearing and feeding Lička pramenka sheep. Furthermore, the results of PON I in all three age groups showed that the sheep are well adapted to the environment and to the rearing system. Future research should be carried out on higher number of farms, and should include more sheep in order to determine objective benchmarks for serum lipids and the enzymes connected to those lipids., Istraživanje je imalo za cilj identificirati sezonske i dobne varijacije triglicerida (TRI), paraoksonaze (PON), stimulirane paraoksonaze PON (PON I) i kolesterola (CHOL) kod ekstenzivno držanih ovaca pasmine lička pramenka. Iz Karlovačke županije u Hrvatskoj, nasumično je odabrano 30 ekstenzivno uzgajanih, negravidnih ličkih pramenki, raspoređenih u tri dobne skupine. Krv je uzorkovana iz jugularne vene, dva puta u jednoj godini – prvo uzorkovanje obavljeno je u proljeće (travanj), a drugo ujesen (listopad). Rezultati pokazuju da dob ovaca nije znakovito utjecala ni na jedan istraživani pokazatelj, dok je sezonalnost znakovito utjecala na pet od šest analiziranih pokazatelja. Znakovito viša razina lipida i lipidnih spojeva u serumu ujesen može se objasniti utjecajem tradicionalnog načina uzgoja i hranjenja ovaca pasmine lička pramenka. Nadalje rezultati PON I u svim trima dobnim skupinama potvrđuju da su ovce dobro prilagođene okolišu i sustavu u kojem se drže. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi se provesti na većem broju uzgoja/farmi i trebala bi uključiti više ovaca kako bi se objektivno ustanovile referentne vrijednosti serumskih lipida i enzima povezanih s tim lipidima.

The aim of the present study was to examine the lipid profile, lipid fractions and the lipid peroxidation state in the blood of neutered cats with obesity and diabetes. Three groups of neutered cats (males and females) were formed for the study. We compared cats with obesity (7-9 points on a 9-point BCS scale), with obesity complicated by diabetes, and clinically healthy animals with normal body condition scores (4-5 BCS points). Lipidogram parameters, fractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons (CM), lipid peroxidation products (POL) - lipid hydroperoxides (GPL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analysed. In obese cats, a decrease in HDL and phospholipids was observed, and an increase in LDL, VLDL, CM, triglycerides, and cholesterol. No significant differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism between neutered females and males were found. A tendency towards increasing concentrations of lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in males, as well as an increase in phospholipids in females was found. In cats with obesity and associated diabetes, the ratio of phospholipids: cholesterol was less than one, while in healthy cats - more than one. Obesity and diabetes initiate POL and increased concentrations of GPL and MDA, which were the highest in the blood of females with associated pathology., Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti lipidni profil, lipidne frakcije i lipidnu peroksidaciju u krvi ster-iliziranih pretilih mačaka s dijabetesom. Za istraživanje formirane su tri skupine steriliziranih mačaka (mužjaka i ženki). Uspoređene su pretile mačke (7 – 9 bodova na BCS ljestvici od 9 bodova) s onima u kojih je pretilost komplicirana dijabetesom te klinički zdravim životinjama s normalnim tjelesnim pokazateljima (4 – 5 BCS bodova). Analiziran je lipidogram, frakcije lipopro-teina visoke gustoće (HDL), lipoproteina niske gustoće (LDL) i lipoproteina vrlo niske gustoće (VLDL), kilomikroni (CM), produkti lipidne peroksidacije (POL) – lipidna hidroperoksidaza (GPL) i malondialdehid (MDA). U pretilih je mačaka uočen snižen HDL i fosfolipidi te povišen LDL, VLDL, CM, trigliceridi i kolesterol. Nije bilo znakovite razlike u metabolizmu lipida i lipo-proteina između kastriranih ženki i mužjaka. Uočena je sklonost porastu koncentracije lipopro-teina, triglicerida i kolesterola u mužjaka kao i porast fosfolipida u ženki. U pretilih mačaka s dija-betesom omjer fosfolipida i kolesterola bio je manji od jedan, dok je u zdravih mačaka bio veći od jedan. Pretilost i dijabetes potiču lipidnu peroksidaciju i povećavaju koncentraciju GPL-a i MDA-a, koja je najveća u krvi ženki s tom patologijom.

Wet cupping (alhijamah) is a therapeutic approach that can cure ailments and promote well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cupping therapy while listening to the Qoran on changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose and uric acid. The design used was pre-experimental with One Group Pretest-Posttest design. This research took place at As-syifa Cupping Clinic, Kendari City. The number of research samples is 30 samples of healthy male and female subjects aged 30-60 years. Blood pressure before cupping therapy averaged 10 ± 13.4 after 1 week of therapy, being 4.33 ± 10.72. Then the cholesterol level before therapy was 1.53 ± 507 after 1 week of therapy was 1.03 ± 18, the glucose level before therapy was 2.30 ± 535, after therapy was 2.00 ± 263, the uric acid level before therapy was 1.63 ± 556 after therapy. 1.03 ± 182. The results of statistical tests on blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose and uric acid with the paired sample t-test p = 0.000. Cupping therapy while listening to the qoran can reduce blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood glucose levels and uric acid levels, so it becomes a recommendation for maintaining health. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanKajian terlaksana atas pembiayaan sukarela peneliti. Konflik KepentinganPara penulis menyatakan bebas dari konflik kepentingan. Berbagi DataData hasil kajian tersedia melalui permohonan kepada penulis koresponden. Kontribusi Penulis Para penulis tidak mendeklarasikan setiap kontribusinya., Bekam basah (Alhijamah) adalah pendekatan terapeutik yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bekam sambil mendengarkan ayat Alquran terhadap perubahan tekanan darah, kolesterol, glukosa dan asam urat. Desain yang digunakan adalah pra-eksperimental dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini bertempat di Klinik Bekam As-syifa Kota Kendari. Jumlah responden penelitian adalah 30 sampel subjek laki-laki dan perempuan sehat berusia 30-60 tahun. Tekanan darah sebelum terapi bekam rata-rata 10 ± 13,4 setelah 1 minggu terapi, menjadi 4,33 ± 10,72. Kemudian kadar kolesterol sebelum terapi 1,53 ± 507 dan setelah 1 minggu terapi 1,03 ± 18, kadar glukosa sebelum terapi 2,30 ± 535 dan setelah terapi 2,00 ± 263, kadar asam urat sebelum terapi 1,63 ± 556 dan setelah terapi 1,03 ± 182. Hasil uji statistik pada tekanan darah, kolesterol, glukosa dan asam urat menggunakan metode paired sample t-test p = 0,000. Kesimpulan terapi bekam sambil mendengarkan ayat alquran, dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol, kadar glukosa darah dan kadar asam urat, sehingga menjadi rekomendasi untuk menjaga kesehatan. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanKajian terlaksana atas pembiayaan sukarela peneliti. Konflik KepentinganPara penulis menyatakan bebas dari konflik kepentingan. Berbagi DataData hasil kajian tersedia melalui permohonan kepada penulis koresponden. Kontribusi Penulis Para penulis tidak mendeklarasikan setiap kontribusinya.

Høge nivå av totalkolesterol (TK) og kroppsmasseindeks (KMI) er viktige risikofaktorar for kardiovaskulær sjukdom på befolkningsnivå. Frå 40-årsundersøkingane fekk vi kunnskap om at det var skilnader i risikofaktorar mellom fylka i Noreg. Manglande oppdaterte nasjonale data på TK- og KMI-nivå gjer dagens status uklar. Vi ønska å studere om det var skilnad i tidlegare målingar av TK, TK-nivå og kalkulert KMI mellom fem regionar. Måling av TK og sjølvrapportering av bakgrunnsinformasjon frå N = 21 090 gjennom to landsdekkjande tverrsnittstudiar i apotek i 2012 og 2014 vart nytta i statistiske analysar. Våre data viste at gjennomsnittleg TK og KMI justert for alder og kjønn var over anbefalte nivå (TK > 5 mmol/L og KMI > 25 kg/m2) i alle regionar. Begge risikofaktorane var høgast i Nord-Noreg (n = 1001) med følgeleg 5,7 mmol/L ± 1,0 og 25,9 kg/m2 ± 3,9 samanlikna med dei fire andre regionane. Vidare var det lågare odds for at ein hadde målt TK tidlegare i Trøndelag samanlikna med Austlandet [OR 0,7 (95 % KI: 0,6, 0,8), justert for alder og kjønn]. Denne tverrsnittstudien frå apotek viser at snitt TK og KMI er over optimale nivå i alle regionar og høgast i Nord-Noreg, samt at det var meir sannsynleg at TK var målt om ein budde på Austlandet samanlikna med i Trøndelag. Aim: Elevated concentration of blood cholesterol and overweight/obesity are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. As screening and monitoring of risk factors are currently not performed nationwide, we do not know whether risk profiles differ among Norwegian regions. Here we investigate differences in total cholesterol and BMI among five regions: North, Central, West, South and East. Material and methods: Study setting was 50 Boots pharmacies. During one week in both of 2012 and 2014 health care providers in pharmacy measured total cholesterol on 21,090 healthy subjects not using statins. Self-reported BMI and background information were obtained. Results: Total cholesterol (5.7±1.0 mmol/L), BMI (25.9±3.9 kg/m2) and proportion of overweight/obese individuals (54%) were all higher in the North (N=1001) compared to the other regions. Participants were less likely to report prior measurement of total cholesterol in the Central region compared to the East [odds ratio 0.7 (95% KI: 0.6-0.8), adjusted for age and gender]. Conclusion: This cross-sectional national study demonstrates differences in risk factors between regions in Norway, with highest risk in the North. Norwegian pharmacies have demonstrated they can play a potential role in primary prevention of CVD. Studien som denne artikkelen er basert på har fått finansiell støtte frå Mills DA, UNIFOR legatar og Universitetet i Oslo. Boots apotek har bidrege med kostnadar til materiell naudsynt for kolesterolmålingane og personell for å utføre studien. Mills DA har saman med Boots apotek bidrege med midlar til marknadsføring av kolesterolmålingane, og har i tillegg bidrege med finansiering til spørjeskjema som er nytta.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Aims: To explore whether variability in dietary cholesterol and phytosterol absorption impacts the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) using as instruments sequence variants in the ABCG5/8 genes, key regulators of intestinal absorption of dietary sterols. Methods and results: We examined the effects of ABCG5/8 variants on non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (N up to 610 532) and phytosterol levels (N = 3039) and the risk of CAD in Iceland, Denmark, and the UK Biobank (105 490 cases and 844 025 controls). We used genetic scores for non-HDL cholesterol to determine whether ABCG5/8 variants confer greater risk of CAD than predicted by their effect on non-HDL cholesterol. We identified nine rare ABCG5/8 coding variants with substantial impact on non-HDL cholesterol. Carriers have elevated phytosterol levels and are at increased risk of CAD. Consistent with impact on ABCG5/8 transporter function in hepatocytes, eight rare ABCG5/8 variants associate with gallstones. A genetic score of ABCG5/8 variants predicting 1 mmol/L increase in non-HDL cholesterol associates with two-fold increase in CAD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-2.31, P = 9.8 × 10-23] compared with a 54% increase in CAD risk (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.49-1.59, P = 1.1 × 10-154) associated with a score of other non-HDL cholesterol variants predicting the same increase in non-HDL cholesterol (P for difference in effects = 2.4 × 10-4). Conclusions: Genetic variation in cholesterol absorption affects levels of circulating non-HDL cholesterol and risk of CAD. Our results indicate that both dietary cholesterol and phytosterols contribute directly to atherogenesis., This work was supported by deCODE genetics/Amgen. S.B. is supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). F.W.A. is supported by University College London Hospital National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre (BRC288A).

Kolesterol merupakan zat lemak yang sangat diperlukan oleh tubuh. Namun peningkatan kadar kolesterol dalam tubuh akan menyebabkan resiko arterioklerosis dan penyakit jantung yang dipengaruhi oleh seringnya konsumsi makanan dengan kadar lemak tinggi seperti otak sapi, daging merah, seafood, kuning telur, keju, dan lain lain atau makanan cepat saji serta kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Pengaturan pola diet untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol dilakukan dengan mengontrol asupan zat gizi secara seimbang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan mengkonsumsi sayuran tinggi serat yaitu buah okra. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pra eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre post test design. Populasi adalah warga yang menderita kolesterol di Dusun Terate Desa Karang Sentul Kecamatan Gondang Wetan Kabupaten Pasuruan berjumlah 20 orang. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 20 responden yang memenuhi kriteria dengan pengambilan teknik purposif sampling. Varibel independen pemberian rendaman buah okra, variable dependen perubahan cholesterol darah. Data yang terkumpul melalui lembar observasi kemudian ditabulasi dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon test dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum mengkonsumsi rendaman buah okra yang mempunyai nilai kolesterol batas tinggi 11 responden (55%) sesudah diberikan rendaman buah okra mengalami perubahan nilai kolesterol menjadi normal sebanyak 7 (35%) responden, sedangkan yang mempunyai nilai cholesterol tinggi 9 (45%) sesudah diberikan rendaman buah okra mengalami perubahan nilai cholesterol menjadi nilai normal 2 responden (10%) dan 3 responden (15%) mengalami perubahan nilai cholesterol menjdi nilai batas tinggi. Hasil uji statistik wilcoxon menunjukkan signifikan sebesar 0,000 ( < 0,05) yang berarti ada pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah diberikan rendaman buah okra terhadap penurunan kolesterol. Melihat hasil penelitian ini, maka perlu adanya kebiasaan dalam mengkonsumsi rendaman buah okra sebagai penurun kolesterol sehingga konsumsi terhadap obat-obatan farmakologi menurun.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas probiotik Lactobacillus casei dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus sebagai pengganti Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) terhadap total kolesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) pada ayam pedaging. Ayam broiler sebanyak 18 ekor day old chick diacak kedalam enam perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 dan P5) setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan, yakni (P0) 100% pakan basal, (P1) pakan basal+0.01 gram AGP/kg pakan, (P2) pakan basal+probiotik 0.05 gram/kg pakan, (P3) pakan basal+probiotik 0.1 gram/kg pakan, (P4) pakan basal+probiotik 0.025 gram/liter air minum, (P5) pakan basal+probiotik 0.05 gram/liter air minum. Data di analisis menggunakan uji Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik berbeda nyata (p

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis promotes the pathology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and strokes. Cellular cholesterol is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by SREBP2, but also through uptake of extracellular cholesterol from low density lipoproteins (LDL) via expression of LDL receptors (LDLR) at the cell surface. Identification of the mechanisms involved in regulation of these processes are thus key to understand the pathology of coronary artery disease. Here, we identify the large and poorly characterized BEACH domain protein Neurobeachin-like (NBEAL) 1 as a Golgi- associated protein required for regulation of cholesterol metabolism. NBEAL1 is most abundantly expressed in arteries. Genetic variants in NBEAL1 are associated with decreased expression of NBEAL1 in arteries and increased risk of coronary artery disease in humans. We show that NBEAL1 regulates cholesterol metabolism by modulating LDLR expression in a mechanism involving interaction with SCAP and PAQR3 and subsequent SREBP2-processing. Thus, low expression of NBEAL1 may lead to increased risk of coronary artery disease by downregulation of LDLR levels., The authors would like to acknowledge the following funding sources; the Research Council of Norway (Project Number 221831 and through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme project number 262652), the Peder Sather Grant Program, the Icelandic Research Fund (Project Number 184727-051), and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. We would like to thank Dr. Laura Rodriguez de la Ballina for technical assistance using CellProfiler and Thu Van Pham for isolating HUVECs. We thank Thorhildur Juliusdottir for valuable comments and assistance using the Toppar software. Plasmids were kindly provided from Prof. Yan Chen (MYC-PAQR3, MYC-SCAP), Prof. Andrew Brown (pCMV-PLAP-BP2). Prof. Hitoshi Shimano (pGL2-LDLR-luc, pGL2-HMGCS-luc, pGL2-FAS-luc). The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS.

Latar Belakang & Tujuan : Hipertensi merupakan sebuah masalah kesehatan yang mengancam hampir dapat ditemukan di tengah masyarakat. Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang yang ikut andil dalam menyumbang angka hipertensi, tercatat bahwa usia 18 tahun keatas prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 31,7%, dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, peneliti akan meneliti faktor yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hipertensi di Indonesia. Bahan dan Metode : Penelitian ini adalah analisis data sekunder dengan desain penelitian ini adalah Cross Sectional serta menggunakan analisis Chi Square. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 30133 yang telah dipilah dari kelengkapan datanya. Hasil : Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (53,1%); dan berumur < 40 tahun (59,3 %); tidak obesitas (78,3%); memiliki kadar kolesterol rendah (99,2%); tidak hipertensi (92,1%). Analisis bivariat mendapatkan ada hubungan antara kadar kolesterol (p value 0,000; OR 4,450; CI 95% 3,329 – 5,984) dan obesitas (p value 0,000; OR 4,348; CI 95% 3,991– 4,738) terhadap hipertensi. Kesimpulan : Diantara dua variabel yang diteliti (kolesterol dan obesitas), kadar koleterol merupakan variabel yang paling berpeluang berisiko untuk terjadinya hipertensi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek penurunan kadar lemak dan kolesterol pada broiler yang diberikan AKBIS yang difermentasi dengan A. niger . Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 80 ekor broiler. Sampel daging bagian dada diperoleh dari 20 ekor broiler yang diambil secara acak. Sampel diperiksa kadar lemak dengan uji proksimat dan pemeriksaan kolesterol dengan uji Liebermann Burchard. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan pemberian AKBIS fermentasi mampu menurunkan kadar lemak dan kolesterol daging dada broiler secara signifikan (P

Hiperkolesterol merupakan gangguan kadar lipid yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol di dalam tubuh. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi menyebabkan timbulnya beberapa penyakit diantaranya penyakit jantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bawang dayak ( Eleutherine americana Merr.) terhadap penurunan kolesterol pada tikus jantan putih galur Wistar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok kontrol negatif (K0) memiliki kadar kolesterol total sebesar 73,50±8,81 mg/dL darah, yang lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol positif (K1), sebesar (73,25±22,70 mg/dL); dan kelompok dengan pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang dayak sebanyak 100 mg/KgBB (P1), yaitu 68,50±8,81 mg/dL, lebih tinggi daripada kelompok pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang dayak sebanyak 200 mg/KgBB, yaitu 53,25±5,61 mg/dL. Analisis variansi satu-arah pada kolesterol total menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan di antara kelompok-kelompok perlakuan ( p = 0,158). Sementara itu, pada kadar kolesterol HDL terdapat penurunan setiap kelompok dari hasil uji Kruskal Wallis ( p = 0,134), dan kadar kolesterol LDL kelompok (P2) lebih rendah daripada kelompok (P1), yaitu 15±5,41 mg/dL (P1) dan 12,75±6,02 (P2), dengan p = 0,450. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang dayak dengan dosis 200mg/KgBB memiliki pengaruh dalam penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL, tapi tidak pada kolesterol HDL, terhadap tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Abstract Hypercholesterolemia is a disorder of lipid levels characterized by increased levels of cholesterol in the body. High cholesterol levels cause the incidence of several diseases such as coronary heart disease. This study aims to determine the effect of dayak onion (Eleutherine americana Merr.) extract in decreasing cholesterol in male Wistar white rats. The results showed that the negative control group (K0) had total cholesterol level of 73.50±8.81 mg/dL that higher than those in the positive control group (K1) which was 73.25±22.70 mg/dL of blood, and the group with the addition of dayak bulb extract of 100 mg/Kg body weight (P1) in the amount of 68.50±8.81 mg/dL was higher than the group of dayak bulb extract of 200 mg/Kg body weight which was (53.25±5.61 mg/dL). One-way analysis of varians on total cholesterol showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p= 0.158). Meanwhile, on HDL cholesterol level there was a decrease in each group from a result of Kruskal Wallis test (p= 0.134), and LDL cholesterol group (P2) was lower than group P1, i.e. 15±5.41 mg/dL (P1) and 12.75±6.02 (P2) with p= 0.450. In conclusion, the addition of dayak onion bulb extract at the dose of 200 mg/ kg has an effect in decreasing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol levels, in Wistar white rats. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i1.5656

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)., Aims Scavenger receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-BI) is a major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that promotes hepatic uptake of cholesterol from HDL. A rare mutation p.P376L, in the gene encoding SR-BI, SCARB1, was recently reported to associate with elevated HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting that increased HDL-C caused by SR-BI impairment might be an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that alleles in or close to SCARB1 that associate with elevated levels of HDL-C also associate with increased risk of CAD in the relatively homogeneous population of Iceland. Methods and results Using a large resource of whole-genome sequenced Icelanders, we identified thirteen SCARB1 coding mutations that we examined for association with HDL-C (n = 136 672). Three rare SCARB1 mutations, encoding p.G319V, p.V111M, and p.V32M (combined allelic frequency = 0.2%) associate with elevated levels of HDL-C (p.G319V: β = 11.1 mg/dL, P = 8.0 × 10 -7; p.V111M: β = 8.3 mg/dL, P = 1.1 × 10 -6; p.V32M: β = 10.2 mg/dL, P = 8.1 × 10 -4). These mutations do not associate with CAD (36 886 cases/306 268 controls) (odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.67-1.22, P = 0.49), despite effects on HDL-C comparable to that reported for p.P376L, both in terms of direction and magnitude. Furthermore, HDL-C raising alleles of three common SCARB1 non-coding variants, including one previously unreported (rs61941676-C: β = 1.25 mg/dL, P = 1.7 × 10 -18), and of one low frequency coding variant (p.V135I) that independently associate with higher HDL-C, do not confer increased risk of CAD. Conclusion Elevated HDL-C due to genetically compromised SR-BI function is not a marker of CAD risk., The authors thank all the individuals who participated in this study and whose contribution made this work possible. We also thank our valued colleagues who contributed to the data collection and phenotypic characterization of clinical samples as well as to the genotyping and analysis of the whole-genome association data. Funding This work was supported by deCODE genetics/Amgen.

Latar belakang: Kadar kolesterol darah yang meningkat merupakan resiko terjadinya arterosklerosis pada penyakit pada jantung koroner. Wanita menopause mempunyai kadar estrogen yang sangat rendah, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan faktor resiko profil lipid. Kedelai memiliki kadar protein yang tinggi, yaitu rata-rata 35%, bahkan pada varietas unggul dapat mencapai 40-44%. Protein kedelai memiliki susunan asam amino esensial lengkap, serta daya cerna yang sangat baik. Kandungan asam amino pada kedelai terutama adalah metionin dan sistein, sedangkan kandungan lisin dan treonin sangat tinggi. Lemak kedelai mengandung asam lemak esensial yang cukup, yaitu asam linoleat (omega-6) serta asam linolenat (omega-3) sehingga memberikan pengaruh yang sangat berarti bagi kesehatan, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan pengendalian kolesterol dan penyakit kolesterol dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Mekanisme penurunan kolesterol oleh kedelai disebabkan oleh isoflavon yang mempunyai sifat estrogenik, sehingga terjadi penurunan LDL, TG dan kenaikan dari HDL dan akhirnnya terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total dalam darah. Ada berbagai macam faktor yang mempengaruhi asupan kedelai terhadap penurunan kolesterol total. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi asupan kedelai dalam penurunan kolesterol total adalah bentuk dan jenis isoflavon, kadar asupan isoflavon, waktu penelitian, gender dari subjek, kadar lipid serta status dari menopause. Background: Increased blood cholesterol levels are a risk of arterosclerosis in coronary heart disease. Menopausal women have very low estrogen levels, thus leading to an increase in lipid profile risk factors. Soybean has high protein content, which is average 35%, even at high yielding varieties can reach 40-44%. Soy protein has a complete array of essential amino acids, as well as excellent digestibility. Amino acid content in soybean is mainly methionine and cysteine, while the lysine and threonine content is very high. Soy fat contains sufficient essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3) to give a significant effect on health, especially in relation to cholesterol control and cholesterol disease and cardiovascular disease. The mechanism of lowering cholesterol by soybeans is caused by isoflavones that have estrogenic properties, resulting in a decrease in LDL, TG and an increase in HDL and ultimately a decrease in total cholesterol levels in the blood. There are various factors that affect the intake of soybean to decrease total cholesterol. Factors affecting soy intake in total cholesterol reduction are the form and type of isoflavones, isoflavone intake levels, research time, gender of the subject, lipid levels and status of menopause