Search

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need of minimizing the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of software-defined networking (SDN) addresses those issues by minimizing the expenditures in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN networks for smooth migration towards the fully functional SDN environment. In this paper, we compare the network performance of the legacy network with the SDN network for IP routing in order to determine the feasibility of the SDN deployment in the Internet Service provider (ISP) network. The simulation of the network is performed in the Mininet test-bed and the network traffic is generated using a distributed Internet traffic generator. An open network operating system is used as a controller for the SDN network, in which the SDN-IP application is used for IP routing. Round trip time, bandwidth, and packet transmission rate from both SDN and legacy networks are first collected and then the comparison is made. We found that SDN-IP performs better in terms of bandwidth and latency as compared to legacy routing. The experimental analysis of interoperability between SDN and legacy networks shows that SDN implementation in a production level carrier-grade ISP network is viable and progressive.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly illness caused by Leishmania donovani that provokes liver and spleen inflammation and tissue destruction. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the protein of L. major, named inhibitor of serine peptidases (ISP) 2, inactivates neutrophil elastase (NE) present at the macrophage surface, resulting in blockade of TLR4 activation, prevention of TNF-α and IFN-β production, and parasite survival. We report poor intracellular growth of L. donovani in macrophages from knockout mice for NE (ela−/−), TLR4, or TLR2. NE and TLR4 colocalized with the parasite in the parasitophorous vacuole. Parasite load in the liver and spleen of ela−/− mice were reduced and accompanied by increased NO and decreased TGF-β production. Expression of ISP2 was not detected in L. donovani, and a transgenic line constitutively expressing ISP2, displayed poor intracellular growth in macrophages and decreased burden in mice. Infected ela−/− macrophages displayed significantly lower IFN-β mRNA than background mice macrophages, and the intracellular growth was fully restored by exogenous IFN-β. We propose that L. donovani utilizes the host NE-TLR machinery to induce IFN-β necessary for parasite survival and growth during early infection. Low or absent expression of parasite ISP2 in L. donovani is necessary to preserve the activation of the NE-TLR pathway.—Dias, B. T., Dias-Teixeira, K. L., Godinho, J. P., Faria, M. S., Calegari-Silva, T., Mukhtar, M. M., Lopes, U. G., Mottram, J. C., Lima, A. P. C. A. Neutrophil elastase promotes Leishmania donovani infection via interferon-β.

Internet development in Indonesia is not always results in positive effect to the Indonesian people, especially to the learners. By the effect comes from internet application, then, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology conducts blocking activity to the sites suspected to change people’s mind. Based on Database of Trust Positive, between 2014-2017, type of pornography content has the first place than other contents. The increase of access towards pornography content in Indonesia supported by the availability of reachable internet access. One of contents provides pornography content said that in 2017, the largest user accesses their platform comes from mobile device. It is supported by the price of internet package for mobile device in Indonesia is one of the cheapest than other Southeast Asia countries. Therefore, the government, since 2002 till present, continually conducts blocking activity towards negative sites together with ISP in Indonesia. The ISP (Internet Service Provider) must obey the government by conducting blocking activity towards negative sites through DNS Nawala or other filtering program. The aim of this paper is to analyze pornography access through many types of provider and the differences from each provider in conducting sensor towards sites with pornography content.

A systematic literature review was conducted on studies comparing interspinous process (ISP) devices to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct), in terms of indications of use, complications, pain assessment, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, reoperation rates, and return to work. The objective was to analyze, evaluate and summarize the current published literature on the proposed efficacy and clinical and surgical long-term outcomes of the ISP device in comparison to the traditional posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). The ISP device is a minimally invasive and less disruptive alternative to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). However, very few published literature studies to date have reported the comparison of ISPs in terms of efficacy and clinical and surgical outcomes, to traditional posterior spinal instrumentation. A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar to evaluate the results of published research that meet the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and to analyze clinical indications and surgical outcomes of the ISP device compared to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). Inclusion criteria included keywords such as “ISP device, ISP, posterior spinal instrumentation, pedicle screw fixation, bilateral pedicle screws, interbody fusion with posterior spinal instrumentation, lumbar spinal stenosis, and posterior lumbar stability.” No exclusion criteria keywords were included in this literature review. ISPs provide a high degree of spinal stability in multiple planes, including a decreased range of motion restriction in flexion-extension, and comparable results to bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) in axial rotation. The use of the ISP device in adjunct with an interbody fusion, ensures less estimated operative blood loss (EBL), shorter operative time, less bony exposure without the need for extensive soft tissue or muscle retraction, a decrease in the rate of pseudoarthrosis, and a shorter length of hospital stay (LOHS) when compared to the traditional posterior instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). Based on the various published literature reviews noted throughout this research paper, it is safe to conclude, that an ISP device that is accompanied by interbody fusion, including posterior approaches posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF); anterior approaches such as anterior interbody fusion (ALIF), and lateral approaches including direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), is considered a credible and an effective minimally invasive option for the treatment of mild to moderate lumbar stenosis and stable low-grade spondylolisthesis (less than two) when compared to the traditional posterior spinal instrumentation of a pedicle screw-rod construct. Surgeons that are relatively new to the ISP technologies for spinal instrumentation would likely benefit from more clinical and surgical evidence of safety and efficacy in published peer-reviewed medical literature. Further clinical trials are needed to manifest the efficacy of ISPs regarding postoperative outcomes when compared to traditional posterior instrumentation techniques (pedicle screw-rod construct) with adjunct interbody fusions.

La tecnología GPON nos permite implementar una red de acceso basada en cables de fibra óptica los cuales nos brindan mejor calidad en los servicios prestados; por lo tanto, desde hace algunos años toda la infraestructura en cobre de algunos países ha venido evolucionando por esta tecnología, para optar por servicios con grandes capacidades de velocidad de transmisión de datos. Este proyecto se centra en la implementación de una arquitectura de red GPON de los servicios de voz, video y datos por medio de la red FTTH. Para lograr lo anterior, se establecerán los protocolos de comunicación de cada servicio y se realizará la configuración en la OLT para transmitirlos a través de la red de prácticas instalada en el Centro Industrial de Mantenimiento Integral SENA-CIMI, esto con el fin de garantizar la comunicación con la ONT y poder visualizar cada uno de los servicios. En Colombia actualmente solo algunos ISP están implementando la tecnología GPON, por lo que este proyecto impulsará a la comunidad educativa a realizar proyectos de investigación y propuesta para la implementación de la tecnología en pequeñas zonas de la ciudad y obtener mayores velocidades de transmisión de datos para mejorar la conectividad en nuestro país. GPON technology allows us to implement an access network based on fiber optic cables which provide us with better quality in the services provided; therefore, for some years now, the entire copper infrastructure in some countries has been evolving with this technology to opt for services with high data transmission rate capabilities. This project focuses on the implementation of a GPON network architecture for voice, video and data services through the FTTH network.. To achieve the above, the communication protocols of each service will be established and the configuration will be made in the OLT to transmit them through the network of practices installed in the Centro Industrial de Mantenimiento Integral SENA-CIMI, this in order to guarantee communication with the ONT and be able to view each of the services. In Colombia, currently only a few ISPs are implementing GPON technology, so this project will encourage the educational community to carry out research and proposal projects to implement the technology in small areas of the city and obtain higher data transmission speeds. to improve connectivity in our country. Ingeniero de Telecomunicaciones http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Submitted by Iolanda Valente (ivalente@iscap.ipp.pt) on 2021-04-05T15:02:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tânia_Ferreira_MCF_2020.pdf: 887904 bytes, checksum: 666f915283888265b2c37bc69f86ef92 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-05T15:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tânia_Ferreira_MCF_2020.pdf: 887904 bytes, checksum: 666f915283888265b2c37bc69f86ef92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-01-21

Desde hace más de 30 años que se anuncia el agotamiento de las direcciones del Protocolo de Internet en su versión 4 (IPv4) y la necesidad cada vez mayor de direcciones IP para el crecimiento exponencial de dispositivos conectados a Internet. Como resultado, se crea el Protocolo de Internet en su versión 6 (IPv6) en la década del noventa. El nuevo protocolo representó una innovación en forma de cambio disruptivo para todos los Internet Service Provider (ISP), y como tal, ha sido muy difícil su despliegue. Ha sido disruptivo debido a que su implementación trae como consecuencia varios cambios significativos en las redes, tanto de configuración como de equipamiento. Varios ISP se han mostrado reticentes a implementar IPv6 y argumentan que su implementación representa un costo alto en cuanto a : nuevo hardware, personal capacitado, nuevas configuraciones en sus redes, entre otros. Los ISP dicen que es un riesgo que no están dispuestos a asumir, debido a que no obtendrán ninguna retribución a cambio. Es por eso que aún buscan soluciones paliativas para no realizar la implementación de IPv6. Sin embargo, se observa que las alternativas usadas a largo plazo en redes grandes, podrán provocar más dificultades que soluciones. A partir de esta investigación se busca validar los argumentos planteados por los ISP para no implementar IPv6. Para eso se define una métrica para identificar los principales actores referentes de Internet en Uruguay. Se realizan entrevistas a esos actores para valorar el grado de implementación de IPv6 en Uruguay, identificar las razones por las cuales no se ha culminado la implementación e investigar si se han planificado acciones para apoyar la implementación de IPv6. Basándose en los resultados obtenidos se estudian ISP, actores de la academia y entidades del gobierno. Con respecto al área de innovación, se define una métrica para valorar el grado de implementación de IPv6 como innovación para cada uno de los actores seleccionados. Además, se investiga si se ha seguido alguna metodología de innovación para lograr su despliegue. Se estudia si la implementación de IPv6 es de difícil acceso en Uruguay y si el diseño de IPv6 favoreció o no a su implementación. Finalmente, se proponen medidas de innovación para lograr la implementación completa de IPv6. Durante la investigación se demuestran algunas conclusiones importantes como que la implementación de IPv6 es una innovación. Sin embargo, se observa que no se ha seguido una metodología de innovación para alcanzar su despliegue completo. Una de las razones es que el contexto de innovación en Uruguay no favorece la implementación de IPv6, por lo cual el grado de implementación de IPv6 en Uruguay es bajo. Si bien como hipótesis se plantea que la principal razón por la cual el despliegue de IPv6 está obstaculizado son los costos de implementación, se concluye que la característica de transparencia en el propio diseño de IPv6 junto con las alternativas que buscan ayudar la implementación de IPv6 conspiran conspira contra su adopción.

Internet Service Providers technical support needs personal data to predict potential anomalies. In this paper, we performed a comparative study of forecasting performance using raw data and anonymized data, in order to assess how much performance may vary, when plain personal data are replaced by anonymized personal data.

En este trabajo de fin de máster se presenta la propuesta para implementar el plan director a la empresa ISP ubicada en Imbabura Ecuador, siguiendo las especificaciones para la implantación del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad de la Información de la norma ISO/IEC 27001:2013 y la guía de buenas prácticas de la ISO 27002:2013. Como punto de partida, se realizó un análisis de la situación actual de la empresa con respecto a los requisitos de seguridad de la información para analizar su grado de cumplimiento. Posterior a esto se hizo un análisis de riesgos sobre los activos relevantes en términos de seguridad, con el fin de determinar el impacto potencial que sufrirían al verse materializada cualquier amenaza a la que se encuentran expuestos. A partir de esta información se logra determinar el nivel de riesgo aceptable y proponer proyectos para reducir aquellos riesgos que son tratables. Cada uno de estos proyectos están diseñados con la planificación para ejecutarse y el coste económico que le representará a la organización, el cual no supondrá un gasto mayor al de asumir el riesgo. Finalmente se presentan los resultados esperados, luego de poner en marcha cada uno de los proyectos propuestos, en cuanto al cumplimiento normativo de la ISO/IEC 27002:2013 y cada uno de sus 14 dominios. En aquest treball de fi de màster es presenta la proposta per implementar el pla director a l'empresa ISP situada a Imbabura Equador, seguint les especificacions per a la implantació de el Sistema de Gestió de la Seguretat de la Informació de la norma ISO / IEC 27001: 2013 i la guia de bones pràctiques de la ISO 27002: 2013. Com a punt de partida, es va realitzar una anàlisi de la situació actual de l'empresa pel que fa als requisits de seguretat de la informació per analitzar el seu grau de compliment. Posterior a això es va fer una anàlisi de riscos sobre els actius rellevants en termes de seguretat, per tal de determinar l'impacte potencial que patirien a l'veure materialitzada qualsevol amenaça a la qual es troben exposats. A partir d'aquesta informació s'aconsegueix determinar el nivell de risc acceptable i proposar projectes per reduir aquells riscos que són tractables. Cada un d'aquests projectes estan dissenyats amb la planificació per executar-se i el cost econòmic que li representarà a l'organització, el qual no suposarà una despesa major a el d'assumir el risc. Finalment es presenten els resultats esperats, després de posar en marxa cada un dels projectes proposats, pel que fa a l'acompliment normatiu de la ISO / IEC 27002: 2013 i cadascun dels seus 14 dominis. This master¿s thesis proposes to implement the master plan to ISP Company located in Imbabura Ecuador. Following the specifications for the implementation of the information security management according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO/IEC 27001: 2013, and the standards on the best practice recommendations in ISO 27002: 2013. As a starting point, a diagnosis of the company's current situation with respect to information security requirements was carried out to analyze its degree of compliance. Subsequently, a risk analysis was made on the relevant assets in terms of safety, to determine the potential impact, they would suffer in any case exposed to threat. Indeed, with this information it is possible to determine the acceptable level of risk and propose projects to reduce those risks that are treatable. Each of these projects is designed with the planning to be executed, and the estimated cost that the Company would have to assume. Which will not be more costly than taking the risk. Finally, the expected results are presented, after starting each of the proposed projects, regarding the compliance conforming to ISO/IEC 27002:2013, and each of its fourteen domains.

International audience; The most recent developments in graph partitioning research often consider scale-free graphs. Instead we focus on partitioning geometric graphs using a less usual strategy: Inverse Spacefilling Partitioning (ISP). ISP relies on a space filling curve to partition a graph and was previously applied to graphs essentially generated from Meshes. We extend ISP to apply it to a new context where the targets are now Wide Area Graphs. We provide an extended comparison with two state-of-the-art graph partitioning streaming strategies, namely LDG and FENNEL. We also propose customized metrics to better understand and identify the use cases for which the ISP partitioning solution is best suited. Experimentations show that in favourable contexts, edge-cuts can be drastically reduced, going from more 34% using FENNEL to less than 1% using ISP.

In lately published video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC/ H.266), the intra sub-partitions (ISP) coding mode is proposed. It is efficient for frames with rich texture, but less efficient for frames that are very flat or constant. In this paper, by comparing and analyzing the rate distortion cost (RD-cost) of coding unit (CU) with different texture features for using and not using ISP(No-ISP) coding mode, it is found that CUs with simple texture can get better coding performance in No-ISP coding mode. Based on this observations, a fast ISP coding mode optimization algorithm based on CU texture complexity is proposed, which aims to determine whether CU needs to use ISP coding mode in advance by calculating CU texture complexity, so as to reduce the computation complexity of ISP. The experimental results show that under All Intra (AI) configuration, the coding time can be reduced by 7%, while the BD-rate only increase by 0.09%.

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), are cysteine-dependent peroxide reductases that group into six structurally discernable classes: AhpC-Prx1, BCP-PrxQ, Prx5, Prx6, Tpx, and AhpE. A previous study showed that forkhead box protein O (FOXO) in the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) plays a vital role in regulating locust diapause by phosphorylation, which can be promoted by the high level of ROS. Furthermore, the analysis of transcriptome between diapause and non-diapause phenotypes showed that one of the Prxs, LmPrx6, which belongs to the Prx6 class, was involved. We presumed that LmPrx6 might play a critical role in diapause induction of Locusta migratoria and LmPrx6 may therefore provide a useful target of control methods based on RNA interference (RNAi). To verify our hypothesis, LmPrx6 was initially cloned from L. migratoria to make dsLmPrx6 and four important targets were tested, including protein-tyrosine phosphorylase 1B (LmPTP1B), insulin receptor (LmIR), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (LmAKT), and LmFOXO in ISP. When LmPrx6 was knocked down, the diapause rate was significantly reduced. The phosphorylation level of LmPTP1B significantly decreased while the phosphorylation levels of LmIR, LmAKT, and LmFOXO were significantly increased. Moreover, we identified the effect on two categories of genes downstream of LmFOXO, including stress tolerance and storage of energy reserves. Results showed that the mRNA levels of catalase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which enhanced stress tolerance, were significantly downregulated after silencing of LmPrx6. The mRNA levels of glycogen synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) that influence energy storage were also downregulated after knocking down of LmPrx6. The silencing of LmPrx6 indicates that this regulatory protein may probably be an ideal target for RNAi-based diapause control of L. migratoria.

© 2020 IEEE. Accurate costing provides insightful information to any Internet Service Provider (ISP) for better network planning, profits, and decision making. Developing accurate cost models for communication network services has always been a challenge for ISPs / cloud operators due to the complex nature of today's advanced shared cloud and network infrastructure. Currently, developing and maintaining such cost models require significant effort and time by the network planners in an ISP. The proposed novel methodology reduces the cycle time for the development of the cost model significantly, which leads to the ISP's operational cost savings. We have considered an Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network (IPVPN) service for the study. IPVPN creates a logical virtual network by providing an encrypted and dedicated data connection. We conducted simulations to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. We have compared our proposed method with the existing approach and compute the performance improvement cost gap for different network sizes. To prove the operational savings, we evaluated a quantitative example concerning both methods investigated. We also experimented with a machine learning technique for the study, which provided complementary results.

Simple Summary LmPrx6 of the insulin signaling pathway is significantly associated with diapause induction in Locusta migratoria L. as per our pervious transcriptome data. In the current study, we first cloned and sequenced the gene and demonstrated its similarity to other Prxs using phylogenetic analyses. Later on, we knocked down Prx6 using RNAi and showed that phosphorylation of proteins associated with the insulin signaling pathway and responses to oxidative stress were altered. Knockdown of Prx6 also resulted in a reduced ability to enter diapause, and hence, we are of the opinion that this gene could serve as an effective target for RNAi-based control of L. migratoria L. The study has provided some helpful insights into the diversified roles of Prx6 in locusts and will be of interest to other insect pests for examining the relatively unexplored group of proteins as well. Abstract Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), are cysteine-dependent peroxide reductases that group into six structurally discernable classes: AhpC-Prx1, BCP-PrxQ, Prx5, Prx6, Tpx, and AhpE. A previous study showed that forkhead box protein O (FOXO) in the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) plays a vital role in regulating locust diapause by phosphorylation, which can be promoted by the high level of ROS. Furthermore, the analysis of transcriptome between diapause and non-diapause phenotypes showed that one of the Prxs, LmPrx6, which belongs to the Prx6 class, was involved. We presumed that LmPrx6 might play a critical role in diapause induction of Locusta migratoria and LmPrx6 may therefore provide a useful target of control methods based on RNA interference (RNAi). To verify our hypothesis, LmPrx6 was initially cloned from L. migratoria to make dsLmPrx6 and four important targets were tested, including protein-tyrosine phosphorylase 1B (LmPTP1B), insulin receptor (LmIR), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (LmAKT), and LmFOXO in ISP. When LmPrx6 was knocked down, the diapause rate was significantly reduced. The phosphorylation level of LmPTP1B significantly decreased while the phosphorylation levels of LmIR, LmAKT, and LmFOXO were significantly increased. Moreover, we identified the effect on two categories of genes downstream of LmFOXO, including stress tolerance and storage of energy reserves. Results showed that the mRNA levels of catalase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which enhanced stress tolerance, were significantly downregulated after silencing of LmPrx6. The mRNA levels of glycogen synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) that influence energy storage were also downregulated after knocking down of LmPrx6. The silencing of LmPrx6 indicates that this regulatory protein may probably be an ideal target for RNAi-based diapause control of L. migratoria.

Ciò che è illecito fuori dalla rete, lo è altresì in rete. In quest’ultimo caso, oltre alla responsabilità diretta dell’autore della violazione (l’utente), ha un ruolo giuridicamente rilevante l’Internet Service Provider che gli fornisce il servizio Internet, ovvero che ‘’controlla’’ lo spazio online in cui l’illecito si consuma? Se ne può ravvisare una responsabilità in concorso con l’autore materiale della violazione? Se sì, a quali condizioni e a che titolo? Questi sono solo alcuni degli interrogativi lungo cui si articola l’indagine condotta con il presente elaborato.

Ci�� che �� illecito fuori dalla rete, lo �� altres�� in rete. In quest���ultimo caso, oltre alla responsabilit�� diretta dell���autore della violazione (l���utente), ha un ruolo giuridicamente rilevante l���Internet Service Provider che gli fornisce il servizio Internet, ovvero che ������controlla������ lo spazio online in cui l���illecito si consuma? Se ne pu�� ravvisare una responsabilit�� in concorso con l���autore materiale della violazione? Se s��, a quali condizioni e a che titolo? Questi sono solo alcuni degli interrogativi lungo cui si articola l���indagine condotta con il presente elaborato.