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The purpose of this study is taking the ZEST tunnel of Xilin hot-Ulanhot Railway in Inner Mongolia province of China as an example to investigate the cause and treatment measures of lining cracking and ballast bed freezing at tunnel portal in seasonally-frozen regions. Field investigation method was used to investigate the characteristics of lining cracking and ballast bed freezing in winter. The results show that the longitudinal cracks in the side wall are symmetrical and located in the middle of the wall. The longitudinal cracks have obvious seasonal characteristics, which mainly occur in winter, and the width of cracking was alternatively varied and broadened year by year, of which the process proved to be irreversible. The number of cracks and the width and length of the cracks all have the trend of further development in the last year. Numerical calculation method was used to study the internal force change law of the lining structure of the ZEST tunnel under seasonal frost heaving force. The results show that the lining cracking is mainly caused by the frost heaving force load. Based on the above analysis results, the treatment measures for the frost heave cracking, ballast bed freezing and the leakage of water leakage during the spring thawing period are proposed, the remediation measure proposed is quite effective and the problems such as cracking, ballast bed freezing and water leaking of tunnel lining are completely solved.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the relationships amongst innovative behaviour, self-efficacy, colleague solidarity of nurses and career success of nurses in Mainland China. Method: This study used the cross-sectional investigation method and nurses were recruited from eight tertiary hospitals and four secondary hospitals in Tianjin, China. A convenience sample of 848 nurses was included in this survey. Structural equation model analysis was performed as well. Results: Results revealed that the nurses' career success score was at the medium degree, whilst innovative behaviour and self-efficacy were in the medium–high level and had high level of colleague solidarity. The four variables include innovative behaviour, self-efficacy, colleague solidarity of nurses and career success; each dimension showed positive correlation (r = 0.145 to 0.923, P 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that innovative behaviour, self-efficacy and academic solidarity entered the career success regression equation (β = 0.091 to 0.560, P

Globus is a non-painful sensation of a lump or a foreign body in the throat, and it frequently improves with eating. Although globus is a common symptom, only little is known about the etiology, and the causes have remained controversial. Previously, globus was labelled as a hysterical symptom. However, nowadays, the research has been mainly focused on somatic causes and it is suspected that the etiology is complex. Because of the unclear etiology, the diagnostics and treatment are varying, predisposing patients to possible unnecessary investigations. This review presents the current literature of globus: its etiology, diagnostics, and treatment. In addition, a special aim is to discuss the rational investigation methods in globus diagnostics and present a diagnostic algorithm based on recent researches.

Structural integrity evaluation of military systems is vital in such applications as rocket launchers. In safe life design, for a certain operational life the system is ensured to function well and no failure would occur even in the presence of some imperfections or flaws. This paper considers the fracture analysis as part of the safe life design approach that is used in the design of a rocket launcher. A methodology based on sub modelling technique is introduced. It was made sure that unstable crack growth would not occur upto certain crack sizes. Subsequently, after actual manufacturing of the launcher, critical locations of welds in the system were checked for presence of any cracks after repeated firing loads. After these controls no cracks were detected due to operational conditions until the time when this document was prepared.

Organised by the French National Health Authority (HAS), certification is an external assessment process which is obligatory for all public and private health facilities, whatever their size or activity. The aim is to independently evaluate the quality of the health care provision of hospitals and clinics in France. This article looks at the investigation methods and the procedure used during the certification assessment of Henri Mondor University Hospitals in 2016.

A aplicação de perfilagem contínua, por meio do método de fluorescência induzida por laser (LIF), em uma área urbana com disposição pretérita de resíduos oleosos (superior a 30 anos), mostrou-se útil na delimitação tridimensional de resíduos oleosos em subsuperfície, indicando em tempo real e com baixo investimento a área passível de remediação. A comparação com dados obtidos por outras formas de investigação ambiental indica que o LIF é eficiente na detecção em campo, tanto de resíduos oleosos como de material oleoso impregnado no solo, independente do seu grau de intemperismo e da heterogeneidade na distribuição espacial. As respostas de fluorescência foram coerentes com o tipo de material encontrado, em que predominam hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos de cadeias maiores. O método foi sensível mesmo no caso de lentes delgadas de resíduos.

This review summarizes relevant research in the field of electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches. The main switch architectures and structural elements are briefly described and compared. Investigation methods that allow for exploring coupled electromechanical interactions as well as studies of mechanically or electrically induced effects are covered. An examination of the complex nanocontact behaviour during various stages of the switching cycle is provided. The choice of the switching element and the electrode is addressed from the materials perspective, detailing the benefits and drawbacks for each. An overview of experimentally demonstrated NEM switching devices is provided, and together with their operational parameters, the reliability issues and impact of the operating environment are discussed. Finally, the most common NEM switch failure modes and the physical mechanisms behind them are reviewed and solutions proposed.

Na tural hazard triggered tech nological (Natech) events are low probability but high impact events. It is a relatively new challenge faced by the people involved in disaster risk management and can be particularly complicated. Their rarity signifies the importance to study and analyze past events. The lessons learnt from those accident investigations should be adopted while preparing for possible future occurrences. Accident investigation methods help to better understand the course of events and the causes leading to them. The Department of Energy in the United States and the Centre for Chemical Process Safety, amongst others, list and describe various analytical approaches. Still, in the field of Natech accident investigation these methods are yet to take the commonplace. There is a problem of many available methods and a lack of appropriate literature assessing their ease of usage and applicability so that relevant methods can be selected to address a particular Natech accident. The present study is part of an initiative started at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission to evaluate various accident investigation methods in order to help SEVESO sites and competent authorities in the selection of analytical approaches and extraction of the lessons learned. In this paper, some selected accident investigation methods are applied to two Natech accidents in Japan on the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake along with an evaluation of the accident investigation methods with regards to the depth of the investigation results, ease of usage, applicability etc. The evaluation results established that not one method can satisfactorily analyze an accident as complex as a Natech event and thus, a general approach to select the investigation methods is also discussed.

Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are core components of intralogistics systems. Revealing the potentials regarding energy efficiency and further optimizing these systems are of importance. A benchmarking procedure for AS/RS was developed to characterize parameters and specifications in order to derive energy efficiency indicators. The benchmarking procedure for AS/RS has recently been varified. A comprehensive test series was conducted to rate the energy efficiency of three AS/RS systems that are available on the market: Miniload-Crane, Horizontal Carousel- and Shuttle-Systems. This paper presents the investigation methods as well as the final results for the energy efficiency of all three AS/RS types based on comparable logistic performance.

Peripheral artery disease of the lower limbs is, in fact, an arterial pathology, by which the blood flow is reduced, due to the obstruction caused by the deposit of atheroma plaques.(1) This deposition occurs slowly, which leads to a slow progression of the disease, and thus, at the onset of symptomatology. The objective of the study was to make a comparison between the invasive and noninvasive paraclinical investigations performed in patients with peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs in the E.C.C.H. Sibiu. In conclusion, between the two investigations (computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography) there are no noticeable differences in the terminal aorta and iliac arteries, but in reducing the arteries calibre, the use of digital subtraction angiography is preferred, according to our study, although it is more invasive and exposed to complications.

Buildings and infrastructure suffer extensive damage due to liquefaction during strong earthquakes. The FL method has long been considered adequate for evaluating the likelihood of liquefaction, and is widely used. Due to the high frequency of large earthquakes, generally referred to as level 2 earthquakes, the necessity of multi-level assessments has been acutely felt in Japan. This requires the ductility nature of liquefied ground to be assessed. Because these earthquakes do not always occur with the motion level and waveform used in design, new assessment methods are required which take some deviation into account. Another point of consideration in developing a new method is that high quality site investigations are often either not possible or practical in the initial stage of design. Because the site investigation methods should differ depending on the site selection and the precise design of important structures, there is a clear demand for assessment methods with the flexibility to meet the particular objectives of each case. The new laboratory testing procedure proposed in this paper aims to classify soils according to their likelihood to undergo liquefaction in the event of an earthquake. With the proposed procedure, it is possible to classify soils as either ‘clearly safe’ or ‘likely to result in significant damage if liquefied’ by testing a small number of specimens. It should be noted that this test is not designed to provide for a highly accurate prediction of liquefaction or the extent of post-liquefaction deformation.

The aim of our study was to assess the level of knowledge of type 2 Saudi diabetics regarding diabetes and its domains (symptoms and causes,complications, food and exercise, medication, prevention of diabetes, investigations and understanding of diabetes). This cross-sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic Saudi patients visiting the Primary Health Care Centers in Almajmaah city. The data comprising 350 patients was collected from 5th February –24th April, 2017 through a systematic sampling technique using the direct investigation method. Data was collected through self – developed validated questionnaire. Type 2 diabetics had overall poor diabetes mellitus knowledge (42.41%, P

Este artigo identifica as principais convergências e dissonâncias metodológicas entre a Teoria dos Sistemas (Luhmann) e a Teoria da Prática (Bourdieu), valendo-se para isso de um contrastivo insight em seus conceitos-chave autopoiesis e anomia. Partindo das reflexões sociológicas-filosóficas de Christian Hartard (2010), o artigo examina criticamente o princípio da recursividade circular perpassando a concepção de sociogênese dos dois autores e o dilema da dupla hermenêutica deflagrado no discernimento emancipador do sujeito. Conclui-se que a recursividade inerente aos dois conceitos construtivista-generativista pressupõe a incorporação de elementos exógenos com capacidade transformatória das estruturas historicamente sedimentadas (Luhmann), respectivamente, dos corpos socializados (Bourdieu), através de processos de diferenciação e distinção, que ocorrem, contudo, dentro de estabelecidas restrições. Ambos autores pleiteiam pelo questionamento crítico do status quo interiorizado pelo sujeito, suscetível de restituir a capacidade de desmascarar as necessidades dóxicas da dupla contingência (Luhmann), respectivamente da legitimação hierárquica disfarçada (Bourdieu), ao observador da terceira ordem.

In the first half of the 1950s, the history of running was marked by the overwhelming dominance of Czechoslovakian runner Emil Zatopek. As a three-time gold medallist at the Helsinki Olympic Games, his achievements were vastly instrumentalized by the communist regime to make him a hero of the people. For over sixty years now, the life and performances of Emil Zatopek have continued to be the regular focus of an array of cultural forms (advertisements, novels, films, comic books, etc.), contributing to building the myth. With Running, the French novelist Jean Echenoz plays his part in this process and raises a decisive question of interest to the sports historian: can a myth be created from a sportsman? By adopting the principles pertaining to the social history of representations, as well as those of romantic transposition, the investigation method chosen here aims to understand how a novelist succeeds in challenging a sporting myth and turning it into a bookstore success, translated into twenty l...

Background This study is an exploratory one with the aim to develop a systematic protocol for the evaluation and improvement of the pedestrian safety of a neighborhood. The author developed the protocol based on the critical review of existing literature and conducted a multiple-case study to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed protocol. Methods The protocol includes three different investigation tools: map/data analysis using secondary data, field observation by trained investigators, and resident survey including mapping. The cases for the multiple-case study were two neighborhoods in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. The case study compared the usability of the three investigative tools and explored how to deduce implications through triangulation. Result Results of the case study suggest that the investigators’field observation was more accurate than the residents’responses in the survey regarding traffic safety, based on statistics of traffic accidents at the sites, while the resident surveys better reflected the feelings and perceptions of residents. Conclusion In conclusion, the author suggests different approaches for the integration of the three analyses depending on what is considered more important, residents’ anxiety levels or actual safety levels.

Reading is not only about pronouncing written words correctly but also comprehending the text. It is not surprising that students have difficulties in reading comprehension. For example: Students cannot understand and share information of the text. Thus, there must be a method which can help them read effectively. Group Investigation method can help improve the students’ reading comprehension and motivation to read. The objectives of this research are to find out that Group Investigation method improves students’ reading comprehension and to describe the students’ responses towards learning teaching process of reading comprehension through the application of Group Investigation method. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was conducted by applying Group Investigation method to the twelfth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. After six meetings, it could be seen that there is a significant improvement of the students’ reading comprehension. The results of the tests showed that the students’ mean score in the pretest is 60.25 with 15.62% of the students who got score > 75, the students’ mean score in the formative test is 71.25 with 28.12% of the students who got score > 75, and the students’ mean score in the posttest is 78.87 with 71.87% of the students who got score > 75. The quantitative data analysis showed that there is a significant mean score increase from pretest to posttest, namely about 56.25%. The qualitative data analysis showed that the students’ responses towards the application of Group Investigation method in the learning teaching processes of reading comprehension on narrative texts are very positive. They agree that the application of Group Investigation method could help them improve their reading comprehension. It is suggested that English teachers apply Group Investigation method as an alternative to improve their students’ reading comprehension.

Energy geostructures are structure or infrastructure foundations used as heat exchangers as part of a ground source heat pump system. Although piles remain the most common type of energy geostructure, increasingly infrastructure projects are considering the use of other buried structures such as retaining walls and tunnels for heat exchange. To design and plan for construction of such systems, site investigations must provide appropriate information to derive analysis input parameters. This paper presents a review of what information regarding the ground, and also the structures themselves, would be required for the ground energy system design process. Appropriate site investigation methods for energy geostructures are reviewed, from desk study stages through in situ testing to laboratory testing of samples recovered. Available methods are described and critically appraised and guidance for practical application is given.

Pulmonary or intercostal hernia appears as a bulge lung tissue result in the subcutaneous fat through a natural orifice or pathologically caused defects of the chest wall. Difficulties of diagnosis of the true pulmonary hernia owing to extremely infrequent occurrence of this pathology are, as a rule, bound to poor knowledge of doctors and quite often lead to inaccurate medical tactics. In the diagnosis of lung hernia along with clinical and laboratory data are used such research methods as x-ray, ultrasound, CT, among which, CT is a highly informative investigation method that allows to evaluate the status of lung tissue in the hernia sac and in other parts of the lungs, just to visualize the structures of the mediastinum, as well as the condition of the pleural cavity and chest wall, determining its proper treatment.

Purpose Surface electromyography (sEMG) using intravaginal probes is of widespread use for assessing pelvic floor muscles (PFM) activity in women. Although considered as a reliable method, its validity has been called into question due to the presence of a phenomenon called crosstalk. Crosstalk is described as the recording of sEMG activity originating from neighboring muscles rather than coming exclusively from the muscles being investigated. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of existing literature about crosstalk during intravaginal surface electromyographic recordings. Methods A scoping review was performed according to the Arksey and O’Malley framework. An electronic search was conducted on six relevant databases. Additionally, authors were directly contacted to identify grey literature. Data extraction consisted of descriptive numeric analysis as well as thematic analysis, which were conducted by two independent reviewers. Results Forty-nine references written by 34 authors coming from 13 different countries constitute the body of evidence of the present review. Eight main themes have been identified through the thematic analysis. The included material varies greatly in terms of methodology, approach to the crosstalk problem and depth of analysis. Conclusions A gap in knowledge affecting the validity of the current sEMG investigation methods was identified. Literature addressing the crosstalk problem is scarce and often flawed. Definitive conclusions are regularly drawn from an insufficient basis of evidence. Further research is, therefore, deeply necessary, although it remains unclear whether this issue can be solved at all with current technology. Keywords Urinary incontinence Diagnosis Intravaginal probes Biofeedback Physical therapy Modalities

Gases evolving from moulds, cores, coatings deposited on sand and metal moulds constitute one of the basic reasons of several casting surface defects: blow-holes, pinholes, pitted skin, etc. In research performed up to now the moulding sands gas evolution is determined in two ways: normalised, in which the gas amount emitted from the sample placed in a heated flask is determined or in the other way, in which the gas amount emitted from the core - covered with liquid metal - is determined. In these both methods the result constitutes the total amount of gases emitted from 1g of a moulding sand and the emission procedure as a time function. The new method of investigating the kinetics of gases evolution from moulding sands (and coatings), applied for making moulds, is presented in this paper. The kinetics is tested not only as the heating time function but also as the temperature function. The method was developed in the Department of Mould Technology of the Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH. Amounts of gases emitted from the moulding sand at the given temperature in the time unit are obtained in investigations. The results of testing the group of moulding sands (furan, alkide, moulding sands with water glass) and the group of protective coatings applied for sand and metal moulds, are presented in this paper.

Inner Mongolia locates in the very north of China, where there always be quite cold in winter. As a result of emphasizing on high indoor temperature, large amount of heating energy had been consumed in the past decades. In this research, the influence of occupant behavior, for instance, the dressing habit, window opening behavior and consumption customs on building heating energy consumption had been investigated. Field investigation, with the aid of other methods, such as design scene investigation method, are firstly prepared to be taken advantage of to seek out the information related to occupant behavior modes. Secondly, indoor and outdoor related environmental parameters of typical buildings were monitored. By means of our research, two typical behavior characteristics of Inner Mongolia occupants were found: 1) People opened windows for cooling purpose in winter; 2) They got accustomed to wear light in home as well as dissatisfied with comparatively proper indoor temperature admitted by national standard. The reason for that can be attributed to the inefficient heating cost allocation method, which should be further retrofitted in order to stimulate occupant energy conservation awareness.

This study highlights individual effects, which the implementation of school policy has in terms of wearing the school uniform on students' attitudes and values. The survey was the investigation method which was applied through a questionnaire built to highlight attitudes and differences concerning the effects of school unit policy on self-esteem and student behavior. A number of 100 students aged between 14 and 19 were investigated. The results of the study show that there are statistically significant differences between girls and boys regarding opinions on behaviors and emotions that they have as a consequence of wearing school uniforms. Girls consider to a greater extent than the boys that uniform gives the student a sense of pride and belonging to the group. The boys consider that school uniform is a symbol of restricting student freedom to a greater extent than girls. The study conveys current empirical evidence to support the policy of adopting the school uniform.

Imaging with biomechanical analysis augments the clinical examination and improves outcomes by correlating imaging findings with the examination. Plain film radiographs are the gold standard to assess osseous alignment. The biomechanical examination provides information to formulate an accurate assessment. Weightbearing computed tomography scanning is a potentially valuable for functional information about joint biomechanics. True alignment of the lower extremity can be appreciated on weightbearing computed tomography scanning. Soft tissue structures can be assessed with diagnostic ultrasound examination. Acute and chronic injuries that compromise joint stability can be identified.

Autoimmune diseases are better diagnosed currently with advances in cellular immunology, molecular biology, and genetics. Clinical diagnosis of systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases is a challenging task for the Oral physicians and the development of chairside investigation methods has not only saved the time but also cost factor. To understand patient's immune status, the clinical chair side diagnostic aids along with laboratory testing methods are necessary. Laboratory investigations have great importance in detecting, confirming and analyzing the severity, and predicting the prognosis of the autoimmune disease. This article aims to list out the diagnostic methods to diagnose autoimmune conditions and focuses on various diagnostic methods to effectively evaluate autoimmune disease of orofacial region.

The thermography is an easy-to-use, a para-clinical investigation method without irradiation which completes clinical and functional diagnosis and consists of measuring the heat emanating from certain areas of the body with a device, consisting of a sensor that detects infrared radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. The temporomandibular disorders (TMD) concern the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and the neck muscles. The facial temperature can be easily measured in sitting position, static and dynamic, and provides images of affected facial areas measured and stored in less than 3 minutes. The pain intensity, on VAS (the pain scale values) represented by the onset of the study ranged on the scale, from 3–9 (where 9, is the value for the worst pain and) with an average of 5.48. At the second assessment, after 3 months, the VAS values decreased in all subjects, ranging from 1–7, the average of the batch being 3.65. After 6 months the average of the batch dropped to 1.28. As the intensity of pain decreases, a thermographic decrease in the local temperature also occurs. The thermograms performed over time can give us important information about the correctness and efficiency of the applied therapeutic methods.

To prevent the safety accident of large caisson launching for gravity wharf, it is necessary to assess the safety risk in advance, and then take appropriate measures to control the risk. In this paper, the content and method of safety risk assessment of large caisson launching are studied. Based on the characteristics of large caisson launching, the main safety risk factors of large caisson launching were identified, such as characteristic of caisson, site conditions, hydrological and meteorological conditions, construction scheme, and construction environment. Estimation of accident probability uses the index system method. Estimation of accident consequence uses expert investigation method. The risk matrix method is used to combine the accident probability and accident consequence, and then determine the safety risk level of large caisson launching for gravity wharf. The safety risk assessment technology is applied to a coastal gravity wharf engineering in southern China. Result of safety risk assessment proves that the technology is scientific and operable. Meanwhile, it also proves that safety risk assessment of large caisson launching can identify potential risks in advance.

This paper presents the contextual use of Pulse-Compression Thermography and Hypercolorimetric Multispectral Imaging for the diagnostic study of historical heritage paintings. The comparison and the integration of images provided by the two techniques allows the conservation state of both the painting layers and wooden support to be investigated. Relevant information on the painting technique and figurative scene can be obtained as well. The proposed approach was applied to two Italian Renaissance panel paintings. The first object tested was a 16th century panel painting representing a Crucifixion, exposed in the Museum of Colle del Duomo in Viterbo, Italy, and attributed to the workshop of the master Michelangelo Buonarroti. The second artwork was a late 15th century panel painting, representing The Resurrection of Christ, currently preserved at Museo Carrara in Bergamo, Italy, and recently re-attributed to Andrea Mantegna; it was identified as being the upper half of a whole composition together with the Descent into Limbo painting. HMI acquisitions and digital image processing tools allowed to investigate the upper painting layer, while PuCT imaging data gave relevant information on the structure of the wooden support proving to be an innovative stratigraphic investigation method. The combination of HMI and PuCT imaging techniques supplied information on the whole structure of the artworks, identifying surface degradation, different layers, wood defects and their position in the inner layers of the object. The integration of the above-mentioned techniques might stand as a new reference diagnostic method to evaluate conservative needs and support decisions for restoration.

In recent years, festivals and activities around Taiwan have its cultural independence and implications and culture meaning, and closely related to our life. In addition, festivals that it become important activities that symbolize local characteristics and attract tourists. People participate in these festivals during the leisure holidays, and it also changed the previous experience for the entertainment habits. This study uses the principles of action research to conduct the design basis of the festival theme pavilion. The field investigation method is according to use interview community, and then the expert meeting methods. It will be revise the hardware and software designs. Conducted experiments to verify feasibility of the festival theme pavilion construction mode.

Background Pingdingshan City has unique and rich ecotourism landscape. To realize the sustainable development of ecotourism industry in Pingdingshan and simultaneously achieve economic development and environmental protection in the development of ecotourism resources, literature analysis and field investigation methods were used to deeply explore the advantages and problems of Pingdingshan in the process of resources development in this study. Then, the indicator system of environmental carrying capacity of Pingdingshan was established and environmental carrying capacity was calculated to understand the local tourism environmental carrying capacity. Results The development of ecotourism resources in Pingdingshan has advantages of natural conditions, convenient transportation, and sound infrastructure, but there were also problems, such as insufficient resources protection and unscientific management system. After calculation, it was found that the environmental carrying capacity of ecotourism in Pingdingshan was overloaded. Conclusion This study reveals the development of the tourism industry in Pingdingshan and provides a basis for the future development of Pingdingshan tourism resources, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of the local ecotourism industry.

Changes in ocular anatomy and topography that occur due to congenital development anomalies are often of complex, composite nature. Such pathologies are accompanied by not only refractive errors, but also changes in eye's macrostructure. Careful analysis of the changes is necessary to better understand the clinical picture.To study the specifics of structural and morphological changes of the eye in certain ocular congenital pathologies and in some orphan diseases using the results of three-dimensional ultrasound analysis and digital acoustic imaging.The study included 60 patients (119 eyes) with congenital ocular changes, some of which are registered as independent orphan diseases, as well as with systemic manifestations including congenital changes in eye membranes, lens and the vitreous body. The examination involved three-dimensional scanning followed by digital processing of the imaging data obtained using general medical ultrasound systems Voluson 730 Pro Kretz and Voluson E8.Digital ultrasound technologies significantly expand the scope of data on eye morphology in various congenital changes obtainable in vivo.The advantage of this investigation method is the possibility to reliably detect congenital spatially complex morphological deformations in the eye tissues, which in some cases are impossible to observe with other methods.Врожденные анатомо-топографические изменения, возникающие в глазу в результате нарушения нормального развития, часто носят сложный комбинированный характер. Данная патология сопровождается как нарушением рефракции, так и грубыми изменениями макроструктуры глаза. При различных нарушениях строения глаза тщательный анализ необходим для понимания особенностей клинической картины. Цель - изучение особенностей структурно-морфологических изменений глаза при некоторых видах его врожденной патологии и ряде орфанных заболеваний по результатам ультразвукового мультипланарного анализа и цифрового 3D-акустического изображения. Материал и методы. Обследовано 60 пациентов (119 глаз) с врожденными изменениями, часть из которых включена в реестр орфанных заболеваний как самостоятельные, а также с системными проявлениями, включающими врожденные изменения оболочек глаза, хрусталика и стекловидного тела. Метод исследования последовательно включал в себя объемное сканирование с последующей цифровой обработкой полученного виртуального материала с помощью общемедицинской ультразвуковой (УЗ) системы (Voluson 730 Pro Kretz и Voluson E8). Результаты. УЗ цифровые технологии существенно расширяют диапазон получения информации о прижизненной морфологии глаза при различных врожденных изменениях. Заключение. Преимущество данного метода исследования состоит в достоверной прижизненной диагностике пространственно сложных, врожденных морфологических деформаций тканей глаза, которые в некоторых случаях невозможно оценить другими методами.

The use of hermeneutic as one of approaches in hadith study becomes one of knowledge integration forms which is implemented in the contemporary era. The knowledge integration between hadith and hermeneutic can be found such as from a study conducted by Fatima Mernissi. The Mernissi’s concept toward the issue of gender equality has brought her to study hadith that as if support the views lowering women (misogyny). Based on that argument, this article tries to explore more descriptivelyanalytic about the form of hermeneutic hadith of Fatima Mernissi in her effort in understanding misogyny hadith. The research problems are how is Fatima Mernissi’s thought related to the Prophet’s hadith from the rising and process of its collecting?, how is Mernissi’ hermeneutic hadith form that is showed through double investigation methods? How is the description of the method application in Abu Bakrah’s riwayah about women leadership?. This study is a literature study, and its discussion is more descriptive-analytic. Based on her, method in hadith knowledge that has been shown by the classic scholars (ulama) should be completed by the development of contemporary knowledge that puts scientific aspect as the more important aspect than normative aspect. Keywords: Hermeneutic, Hadith, Fatima Mernissi, women leadership

The Tiller-Flotten research site was developed through the Norwegian GeoTest site (NGTS) project. The site consists of a more than 50 m thick marine clay deposit. The top 7.5 m of the deposit shows a low to medium sensitivity, while sensitivity increases up to approximately 200 from 7.5 to 20 m below the ground surface. A wide variety of in situ and laboratory data have been acquired to investigate the geotechnical, geological and geophysical properties of the material. The sensitive clay shows low to medium plasticity and a liquidity index (IL) above 1.6. It shows some overconsolidation (OCR ≈ 1.5-3.0) linked to the glacial history of the area. Its strength and stiffness properties show good agreement with some well-known correlations for sensitive clays. Anisotropy in undrained shear strength is also similar to other sensitive clays of Norway. It is hoped that the next years will see an increased use of this benchmark test site at Tiller-Flotten. The site can be used as a research tool, as training and teaching facilities and as ground for development of new soil models, testing of new investigation methods and further advance the state-of-the-art in sensitive clay material. © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licese (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

This paper mainly to internet booking cars as the research object, mainly study Didi and Uber two companies, using the method of interview, market investigation method and so on, in depth understanding of the using situation for drivers and consumers of Didi and Uber App. Comparative analysis of Didi and Uber App, including App using process, pricing strategy and marketing strategies. Finally based on the analysis, the author puts forward some advanced suggestions.

The work shows the first results of the characterization of the heavily polluted sediments in the Mar Piccolo basin (Taranto, south of Italy), obtained thanks to an integrated investigation method. In the field of the actions promoted by the Italian Government to select the most sustainable remediation strategies, a multidisciplinary investigation of the site has been carried out involving the reconstruction of the geological set-up of the basin, the analysis of the chemical contamination and the geo-mechanical properties of the sediments collected up to 30 m below the sea floor. The devices and methodologies used for the off-shore sampling, storage and transport of the sediments and for the laboratory testing were specifically designed to obtain the best possible picture of the site. The quality of the soil sampling resulted to be high enough for chemical, geochemical and geotechnical characterization and to develop integrated analyses. With this purpose, the paper discusses preliminary correlations of data, focusing on the geotechnical properties of plasticity that have been interpreted in the light of soil composition and chemical and geological facets of the sediments.

Summary In Sweden the use of geophysical investigation methods as complement to geotechnical investigations in larger infrastructure projects have increased during the last 10 years. One of the main reason’s is probably the increasing use of planning tools in 3D, which increases the need for better data coverage. However, geophysics is still not counted as a standard method in the toolbox for ground investigations and the amount of geophysical investigations carried out in Swedish infrastructure projects differ a lot, due to several reasons. This abstract will discuss how and why geophysical investigations become or not become a part of larger infrastructural projects in Sweden and also discuss what should be done in the future to promote the use of geophysical investigation techniques. The main points of actions concerns purpose and expectations, awareness, uncertainty, standards and tools.

Fluvial levees are assets of major importance for protecting human lives and activities. To prevent the risk of failures and to assess their stability, survey campaigns involving geophysical and geotechnical methods are needed. These two types of methods play highly complementary roles and provide information of different natures, uncertainties and spatial distributions. In this work, we first present the function of fluvial levees and describe the associated physical properties that may become pathological and lead to failure mechanisms. Then for each presented investigation method, we introduce : its basic principles, its ability to characterize specific physical properties (or characteristics) of fluvial levees, and then its advantages and drawbacks under specific environmental conditions. It should be emphasized that geophysical and geotechnical methods are placed on an equal footing in order to assist agencies and levee managers in selecting the most relevant ones to assess the condition of their levees and characterize potential weak zones, according to a specific type of pathology and to the environmental constraints. Throughout this review, we introduce a certain amount of literature that is believed to be of potential interest to the research community as well. We also draw attention to some lack of information on the application of specific methods to levee investigation. Finally, we discuss some complementarities of the presented methods and we propose a dedicated comparative table, leading us to suggest new method combinations for levee investigation.

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a new type of transportation infrastructure for crossing sea straits in relatively deeper water. Compared with the traditional fixed tunnel, the main challenge in SFT design is obtaining the hydrodynamic response parameters with a complex hydrodynamic environment. However, long span SFT (length > 5 km) and spatial difference of the hydrodynamic load along with the tunnel length bring unprecedented challenges in hydrodynamic response investigations. The existing analysis theory or method could not fully meet the requirement of the dynamic controlling design of long span SFT when considering complex ocean environment. This paper systematically collates and reviews the research status and latest achievements concerning the hydrodynamic response investigation method of SFT from two aspects: mathematical model and physical modeling. Typical theoretical and/or numerical model for determination of hydrodynamic load, the tube response under wave current, the tether-tube-vehicle coupled analysis in wave and current and the global fluid-structure coupling analysis in the mathematical models are introduced, emphasis are given on the basic assumption, governing equations, environmental conditions and factor consideration. The major methods and output of 2D and 3D model tests in the physical modeling are also summarized. Detailed analysis of the literature shows that numerous mathematical or physical methods have been devised for predicting the hydrodynamic load, tube response and tether-tube-vehicle interaction in wave and/or current. However, the existing mathematical models use a lot of simplified assumptions, which are efficient in relatively simple condition, but less flexible in treating the actual complicated hydrodynamic environment. The present physical model tests have difficult in properly simulating the end constraints, actual stiffness and structural elastic deformation of the SFT model. Based on the current research progress, it is predicted that the full time-domain fluid-structure coupling mathematical model with complicated hydrodynamic environment, the 3D full hydroelastic model test in large deep-water basin, and the integration of mathematical and physical models are the main attractive directions for the hydrodynamic response investigation of SFT in future.