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The need for greater flexibility, tunability, and performance has led to the more recent development of IR detector materials and technologies based on an array of Sb-based III-V compounds and structures. While these approaches have proved successful for some applications, practical limitations related to accessible materials properties and integrable combinations still exist. To provide a larger materials palette from which long-wave (8-14 μm) IR photodetectors may be produced, the use of high-quality metamorphic (i.e. strain-relaxed lattice-mismatched) virtual substrates that provide access to lattice constants between GaSb and InSb is of substantial interest. To this end, we are engaged in the investigation of multiple metamorphic pathways via MBE and MOCVD based compositional grading to support the development of high-performance InAsSb long-wave IR photodetectors. These efforts are focused on two main avenues: (1) a novel digital alloy approach for MBE-grown AlInSb metamorphic buffers; and (2) MOCVD-based growth of more traditional InAsSb compositionally-graded buffers. In both cases, preliminary work has resulted in threading dislocation densities at target lattice constants on the order of 1-3×10^6 cm^-2, with room for significant further reduction. Initial prototype InAsSb nBn test devices (8 μm cutoff), grown via MBE on AlInSb virtual substrates, have yielded dark currents as low as 3×10^-6 A/cm^2 (at 0.3 V), an order of magnitude below the equivalent “Rule 07” HgCdTe value, indicating strong promise for the development of high-performance devices. At the conference, we will present up-to-date results on the metamorphic buffer development and integrated devices for these two promising pathways.

Waveguide-based devices are essential for highly efficient nonlinear optical conversion. However, the nonlinearity associated with the conversion in such devices is not self-evident. The authors present a method using optical frequency metrology to reveal the nonlinearity inside a waveguide, and establish that the spectral broadening in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is due to quadratic nonlinearity. They also demonstrate absolute frequency measurement using the generated ultrabroadband comb. This study will contribute to the design of chip-scale, fully integrated devices for efficient nonlinear optical conversion.

The characterization of integrated planar devices is a new challenge nowadays. This paper presents a new method and techniques for measuring integrated devices where their operating frequency is lower than 100 MHz. The characterization is performed by using an impedance-meter. This new method consists to measure and to determine the admittance and impedance matrices of the device in low frequencies (up to 110 MHz). These admittance and impedance matrices allow the electronic properties of the component to be determined.

Multiband terahertz antennas have broad application prospects in future high-density and miniaturized terahertz integrated devices. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel Si-based multiband terahertz antenna which can be fully integrated with MOSFETs in standard Si technologies. It consists of semicircular nesting rings and slots. The influence of the antenna shape on the response frequencies and bandwidth has been investigated using finite element software HFSS. For an optimized antenna structure with a size of 160 μm × 160 μm, four separated bands can be achieved in the range of 0.1 ~1.2 THz with the central one located at 0.5 THz with a bandwidth of 30GHz. Due to the strong concentration ability of antenna, the embedded CMOS THz detector is expected to have a much improved response and great advantages in unit size compression and array imaging.

In order to build high performance 3D-Opto-mechatronic integrated device packages, we demonstrate the direct stereolithographic printing of polymeric resins onto ceramic substrate. The effects of adhesion are examined, the lower size limit for structures is found and the adhesion strength is measured. With the results a suitable combination of materials can be chosen for creating a hybrid package for a 3D-Opto-mechatronic integrated device. A prototype of an optical coupler is printed successfully and shows one possible application.

Fully rubbery synaptic transistors and neurologically integrated soft engineering systems are developed., Artificial synaptic devices that can be stretched similar to those appearing in soft-bodied animals, such as earthworms, could be seamlessly integrated onto soft machines toward enabled neurological functions. Here, we report a stretchable synaptic transistor fully based on elastomeric electronic materials, which exhibits a full set of synaptic characteristics. These characteristics retained even the rubbery synapse that is stretched by 50%. By implementing stretchable synaptic transistor with mechanoreceptor in an array format, we developed a deformable sensory skin, where the mechanoreceptors interface the external stimulations and generate presynaptic pulses and then the synaptic transistors render postsynaptic potentials. Furthermore, we demonstrated a soft adaptive neurorobot that is able to perform adaptive locomotion based on robotic memory in a programmable manner upon physically tapping the skin. Our rubbery synaptic transistor and neurologically integrated devices pave the way toward enabled neurological functions in soft machines and other applications.

Foundries are enabling fabless chip design companies to meet market demand of highly integrated devices for mobile applications, FPGAs and advanced network infrastructure products. Foundries makes significant investments in the development of advanced technology nodes to ensure future customer demands are met. This implies that fab utilization is of high importance. The importance of DFx to accelerate technology bring up and to enable fast customer volume ramp up cannot be argued. However, how much DFx should be included in a foundry IP portfolio can be debated. The foundry DFT team work as intermediary between customers and IP providers. Some DFT methodologies used to identify design and manufacturing constraints can be viewed as overkill and not compatible in an IP ecosystem, while other DFT features are missing and these gaps need to be addressed. A definite balance between expectations from customers for DFx features, and collaterals and features offered by IP providers need to be in place to ensure competitive IP offerings.

In today’s world rely on fossil fuels is the main energy, causing a series of ecological environment problems, people have to put attention to the renewable energy, including solar energy with its access to such advantages as low cost, relatively stable, clean particularly favoured by people, and perovskite high conversion efficiency of solar cells and solar cells that category. As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitor has the advantages of high specific energy, good cycle stability and environmental friendliness compared with traditional capacitors, while polyvinyl alcohol is easy to process, easy to form film and low price. In this paper, a perovskite solar cell-supercapacitor integrated device preparation method is proposed, and its performance is studied and analysed.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are an efficient and versatile method of transforming the clean and most plentiful energy resources available. DSSC is translucent to some extent and relatively inexpensive than the traditional solar cell. Thus, it may be a possible source of electricity for the future. But other things need to be focused on before it is considered a viable commercial product. The review discusses these facets and the numerous changes the DSSC has experienced in the recent years. Photoelectric conversion systems struggle to fulfil the specifications of constant power output owing to the erratic and unstable characteristics of the solar radiation. With the evolution of rechargeable electric energy storage systems (ESSs), the integration of a DSSC and ESSs has developed into a promising approach to solve this issue. Here, we describe the working principle, recent progress of DSSCs, including photoanodes, sensitizers, electrolytes, and counter electrodes, and the use of DSSCs in energy storage, targeting DSSC and supercapacitor (SC) integrated devices. The future prospects for highly effective, reliable DSSC and DSSC-SC development have also been highlighted.

The multi-bit nonvolatile memory based on two-dimensional material is promising for the future semiconductor industry due to the request of device's miniaturization and structure flexibility. Here, we report a novel MoS2 nonvolatile memory combined with nanographene as floating gate realize multilevel storage state triggerd by both mechanical and optical stimulation without applying extra gate voltages. The device demonstrates excellent characteristics with high programming/erasing current ratio > 107, performance stability over 200 cycles and retention time excess 105 s. The extremely high photoresponsivity of MoS2 optical memory ~ 12000 A/W is firstly reported. In addition, the stable flexibility enables integrated devices feasibility for wearable memories in image capturing and recording. The tribotronic-optoelectronic dual-gate memory opens up a new route to development of future human-robot interaction system integrating both sensing and storage.

In this work effect of high energy milling on the structural and electrical properties of Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 (BFT) ceramic synthesized using standard solid-state reaction method were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the unit cell structure for all the samples to be hexagonal (space group: P3m1). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of BFT without any new phase. The milled (10 h) BFT ceramic showed the formation of small grain sizes (

Sub-5 µm pattern of sol-gel derived lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT) film with a thickness of 80–390 nm was successfully prepared on Pt(111)/TiO x /SiO 2 /Si (100) substrate by a novel lift-off process using solution-processed metal oxides as a sacrificial layer. The process is simply divided into three steps: In-Zn-O (IZO) sacrificial layer spin-coating and patterning, PZT film formation followed by lift-off process. The results suggested that the IZO layer is effective in preventing PZT crystallization because of its thermal stability during PZT post-annealing, and its barrier-effects between the spin-coated PZT precursor and the Pt/TiO x substrate. Consequently, the micro-pattern of lift-off PZT exhibited better properties than that formed by wet-etching. In particular, the lift-off PZT films possessed better ferroelectric properties, higher break-down voltage, and more well-defined shape than those of films patterned by conventional wet-etching. This lift-off process shows great promise for highly integrated devices due to its fine pattern-ability.

Flexible plasmonic metasurfaces have garnered considerable attention because the material's mechanical flexibility enables new functionalities and integrated applications. Here, by adopting low-cost materials and simple techniques, we demonstrate a method of fabricating large flexible metasurfaces with arbitrary user-designed iridescent patterns. These naked-eye recognizable patterns together with their excellent plasmonic activities have yielded new functionalities and novel applications. Demonstrations include plasmonic sensing, reflective displays, developing new encryption strategies and integrated devices, etc. Moreover, the low fabrication cost (

Microbubbles are used as ultrasound contrast agents, which enhance ultrasound imaging techniques. In addition, microbubbles currently show promise in disease therapeutics. Microfluidic devices have increased the ability to produce microbubbles with precise size, and high monodispersity compared to microbubbles created using traditional methods. This paper will review several variations in microfluidic device structures used to produce microbubbles as ultrasound contrast agents. Microfluidic device structures include T-junction, and axisymmetric and asymmetric flow-focusing. These devices have made it possible to produce microbubbles that can enter the vascular space; these microbubbles must be less than 10 μm in diameter and have high monodispersity. For different demands of microbubbles production rate, asymmetric flow-focusing devices were divided into individual and integrated devices. In addition, asymmetric flow-focusing devices can produce double layer and multilayer microbubbles loaded with drug or biological components. Details on the mechanisms of both bubble formation and device structures are provided. Finally, microfluidically produced microbubble acoustic responses, microbubble stability, and microbubble use in ultrasound imaging are discussed.

The hybrid integration of silicon metasurfaces, in forms of insertable thin-film elements, into a multilayer polymer waveguide platform is introduced. Owing to the wavelength comparable thickness and high efficiency of the dielectric metasurfaces, the designed devices can manipulate beams in a relatively short distance with low insertion loss. They can also realize functions critical for three-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that are difficult for conventional micro-optic elements. The designs of several key photonic components are presented in this work as proof-of-concept. Specifically, three applications based on the proposed platform are demonstrated numerically, including on-chip beam collimation, spatial mode (de)multiplexing, and focusing vertical out-coupling. These functionalities can be realized within a short propagating length. This work presents a theoretical study on the design principles and performances of the proposed devices, which can be implemented by adopting the existed technology of inserting classic thin-film elements into photonic chips in the near future. The results suggest a novel and general path for optical signal manipulations within the 3D photonic chips and may prove useful in the design of transceiver devices for optical communication, optical sensor chips, compact chips for optical computation, etc.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their abundant material categories and superior physical/chemical properties. In order to satisfy the requirements for highly integrated devices in the post-Moore era, substantial efforts have been devoted to producing atomically thin 2D materials with large lateral dimensions and high crystalline quality. The controllable synthesis is the precondition of the implementation of large mass producing 2D material in industry. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a powerful method widely used in the synthesis of 2D materials and their hybrid structures. However, it is still challengeable to flexibly and easily grow any 2D materials into large area. Therefore, a systematic understanding of the requirements for controllable growth of different 2D materials are desired. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the influencing factors, material transport, nucleation and growth rate in the CVD growth process. Finally, the strategies to further improve the size and quality of 2D materials are prospected.

Breath analysis is an attractive strategy that holds tremendous potential to achieve non-implantable physical health management enabled by flexible humidity sensors for breathing behaviors (e.g., continuity, frequency) related to disease monitoring and chemiresistive gas sensors related early disease diagnosis. Compared to other techniques for breath component detection, non-invasive breathing diagnostics based on chemical sensors can offer several advantages like miniaturization, low power consumption, simple structure and cost-saving, which is helpful to enhance the portability of practical tests. Although extensive research has been carried out over the past two decades to improve sensing performances of breath gas sensors, many problems need to be further addressed when it comes to clinical disease diagnosis. Developing integrated gas sensor arrays have become one of the efficient solutions to improve detection accuracy. To get rid of external power supply, various novel sensors combining with self-powered technology are designed to exhibit a desirable development prospect in breath analysis. Thus, this review aims to summarize the latest research advances on wearable humidity-enabled breathing behaviors monitoring and typical biomarker gases-based disease screening, and also provides the prospects of future development from individual sensors to integrated devices and self-powered health monitoring systems.

This article proposes a dynamic simulation model of the pellet production process for the pellet injection system (PIS) in the fusion fuel cycle. The integrated devices in the pellet production process should be designed and operated to meet safety limitations while ensuring the required quantity of fuel supply. The presented model is used to investigate the variation in fuel inventory of the system under time-varying tokamak fuel demand. The model applies to the T2 pellet production in three different operation scenarios: inductive, hybrid and non-inductive operation. The simulation results suggest the reliable storage capacity of the main devices under a wide range of changing operating conditions. Preliminary analysis of design and operation options is expected to provide useful insights into the development of PIS.

The Utah electrode array (UEA) and its many derivatives have become a gold standard for high-channel count bi-directional neural interfaces, in particular in human subject applications. The chapter provides a brief overview of leading electrode concepts and the context in which the UEA has to be understood. It goes on to discuss the key advances and developments of the UEA platform in the past 15 years, as well as novel wireless and system integration technologies that will merge into future generations of fully integrated devices. Aspects covered include novel device architectures that allow scaling of channel count and density of electrode contacts, material improvements to substrate, electrode contacts, and encapsulation. Further subjects are adaptations of the UEA platform to support IR and optogenetic simulation as well as an improved understanding of failure modes and methods to test and accelerate degradation in vitro such as to better predict device failure and lifetime in vivo.

Researchers have used lasers to make graphene on Kevlar textiles, creating protective clothing with integrated devices (ACS Nano 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08638). Yingying Zhang and colleagues a...

Optogenetic-based neuromodulation tools is evolving for the basic neuroscience research in animals combining optical manipulation and electrophysiological recordings. However, current opto-electric integrated devices attaching on cerebral cortex for electrocorticogram (ECoG) still exist potential damage risks for both brain tissue and electrode, due to the mechanical mismatch and brain deformation. Here, we propose a stretchable opto-electric integrated neural interface by integrating serpentine-shaped electrodes and multisite micro-LEDs onto a hyperelastic substrate, as well as a serpentine-shaped metal shielding embedded in recording electrode for low-noise signal acquisition. The delicate structure design, ultrasoft encapsulation and independent fabrication followed by assembly are beneficial to the conformality, reliability and yield. In vitro accelerated deterioration and reciprocating tensile have demonstrated good performance and high stability. In vivo optogenetic activation of focal cortical areas of awaked mouse expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 is realized with simultaneous high-quality recording. We highlight the potential use of this multifunctional neural interface for neural applications.

The article presents a system for detecting space objects using integrated devices located outside the satellite platform, which can significantly expand the possibilities of creating micro-consuming small-sized high-temperature and radiation-resistant radar systems of autonomous small spacecraft as part of satellite groups to solve the tasks.

This work is focused on the conception and the realisation of an integrated nano-tweezers based on the near field effect to trap nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm.The proposed device exploits the strong coupling between a SOI waveguide and a gold elliptic chain to excite the localized surface plasmon and to create a deep energy potential well to trap polystyrene beads.FDTD simulations are used to optimize the geometry of the structure and to extract the stiffness values and the potential energy. The efficiency and the trapping stability are evaluated with particles having size between 20 nm and 1 μum. This work shows that polystyrene beads with a radius between 50 and 250 nm are efficiently trapped thanks to single and double plasmonic chain with an injected power of 10 mW. The electric field is more localized when two gold elliptic nanocylinders on top of a SOI waveguide are considered. This structure can be used as a sensor to detect the shift of the optical index or the variation of the bead size. The tweezing of metallic beads having radius higher than 15 nm is also presented. It is also possible to control the position of the trap particle along a gold elliptic chain by varying the injected wavelength into the waveguide.Trapping device are fabricated in clean-room based on the simulations results of the geometry optimisation and are characterized on an optical bench. Optical measurements of transmission enable to determine the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic chain. Optical trapping experiment highlight the efficient tweezing of dielectric nanoparticles. With time resolved tracking method of the particle, position histograms can be plotted to extract potential energy and stiffness value. These experimentals results are not as good as the simulations results which can be explain by mechanic vibrations of the optical bench.This trapping device opens news applications in all integrated nanometric sensors with a small injected power.; Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la conception et la réalisation de nanopinces optiques intégrées basées sur l’utilisation du champ proche pour piéger des nanoparticules de taille inférieure à 1 µm.Le dispositif proposé exploite l’existence d’un couplage fort entre un guide d'onde SOI et une chaîne d’ellipses d’or afin d’exciter efficacement des plasmons de surface localisés et ainsi créer une énergie potentielle suffisamment intense pour piéger des billes de polystyrène.Des simulations par la méthode FDTD permettent d’optimiser la géométrie de la structure et d’extraire des valeurs de constante de raideur et de potentiel d’énergie de piégeage. L’efficacité ainsi que la stabilité de piégeage du système sont évaluées en présence de particules de taille comprise entre 20 nm et 1 µm. Les travaux mettent en évidence qu’avec une simple ou une double chaîne plasmonique, des billes de polystyrène sont piégées de manière efficace lorsqu’elles ont une dimension comprise entre 50 et 250 nm de rayon avec une puissance incidente de 10 mW. Utiliser seulement deux ellipses d’or au-dessus d’un guide d’onde SOI localise mieux le champ électrique entre elle. Cette structure peut alors être utilisée comme capteurs et détecter le changement d’indice optique du milieu environnant ou encore la variation de la taille de la bille à piéger. Le piégeage de billes métalliques de dimension supérieure à 15 nm de rayon est également présenté. Il est aussi possible de concevoir des dispositifs permettant de contrôler la position d’une particule piégée le long d’une chaîne d’ellipses d’or en faisant varier la longueur d’onde de la lumière injectée dans le guide.Des dispositifs de piégeage sont fabriqués en salle blanche en exploitant les résultats obtenus par simulation et sont caractérisés sur un banc d'optique guidée. Des mesures de transmission optique détermine la longueur d'onde de résonance de la chaîne plasmonique, qui se traduit par une forte diminution de la transmission. Des expériences de piégeage optique mettent en évidence la possibilité de piéger de manière stable des nanoparticules diélectriques. Le suivi de la trajectoire des particules en fonction du temps permet de tracer des histogrammes de position et ainsi d’extraire les valeurs de l'énergie potentielle et de la constante de raideur du piège. Ces valeurs, déterminées expérimentalement, sont plus faibles que celles attendues par simulation. Cet écart peut être expliqué par la présence de vibrations mécaniques du banc de caractérisation optique.Ce dispositif de piégeage ouvre des perspectives d’applications dans le domaine des capteurs tout intégrés de taille nanométrique à faible puissance incidente.

This work is focused on the conception and the realisation of an integrated nano-tweezers based on the near field effect to trap nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm.The proposed device exploits the strong coupling between a SOI waveguide and a gold elliptic chain to excite the localized surface plasmon and to create a deep energy potential well to trap polystyrene beads.FDTD simulations are used to optimize the geometry of the structure and to extract the stiffness values and the potential energy. The efficiency and the trapping stability are evaluated with particles having size between 20 nm and 1 μum. This work shows that polystyrene beads with a radius between 50 and 250 nm are efficiently trapped thanks to single and double plasmonic chain with an injected power of 10 mW. The electric field is more localized when two gold elliptic nanocylinders on top of a SOI waveguide are considered. This structure can be used as a sensor to detect the shift of the optical index or the variation of the bead size. The tweezing of metallic beads having radius higher than 15 nm is also presented. It is also possible to control the position of the trap particle along a gold elliptic chain by varying the injected wavelength into the waveguide.Trapping device are fabricated in clean-room based on the simulations results of the geometry optimisation and are characterized on an optical bench. Optical measurements of transmission enable to determine the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic chain. Optical trapping experiment highlight the efficient tweezing of dielectric nanoparticles. With time resolved tracking method of the particle, position histograms can be plotted to extract potential energy and stiffness value. These experimentals results are not as good as the simulations results which can be explain by mechanic vibrations of the optical bench.This trapping device opens news applications in all integrated nanometric sensors with a small injected power.; Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la conception et la réalisation de nanopinces optiques intégrées basées sur l’utilisation du champ proche pour piéger des nanoparticules de taille inférieure à 1 µm.Le dispositif proposé exploite l’existence d’un couplage fort entre un guide d'onde SOI et une chaîne d’ellipses d’or afin d’exciter efficacement des plasmons de surface localisés et ainsi créer une énergie potentielle suffisamment intense pour piéger des billes de polystyrène.Des simulations par la méthode FDTD permettent d’optimiser la géométrie de la structure et d’extraire des valeurs de constante de raideur et de potentiel d’énergie de piégeage. L’efficacité ainsi que la stabilité de piégeage du système sont évaluées en présence de particules de taille comprise entre 20 nm et 1 µm. Les travaux mettent en évidence qu’avec une simple ou une double chaîne plasmonique, des billes de polystyrène sont piégées de manière efficace lorsqu’elles ont une dimension comprise entre 50 et 250 nm de rayon avec une puissance incidente de 10 mW. Utiliser seulement deux ellipses d’or au-dessus d’un guide d’onde SOI localise mieux le champ électrique entre elle. Cette structure peut alors être utilisée comme capteurs et détecter le changement d’indice optique du milieu environnant ou encore la variation de la taille de la bille à piéger. Le piégeage de billes métalliques de dimension supérieure à 15 nm de rayon est également présenté. Il est aussi possible de concevoir des dispositifs permettant de contrôler la position d’une particule piégée le long d’une chaîne d’ellipses d’or en faisant varier la longueur d’onde de la lumière injectée dans le guide.Des dispositifs de piégeage sont fabriqués en salle blanche en exploitant les résultats obtenus par simulation et sont caractérisés sur un banc d'optique guidée. Des mesures de transmission optique détermine la longueur d'onde de résonance de la chaîne plasmonique, qui se traduit par une forte diminution de la transmission. Des expériences de piégeage optique mettent en évidence la possibilité de piéger de manière stable des nanoparticules diélectriques. Le suivi de la trajectoire des particules en fonction du temps permet de tracer des histogrammes de position et ainsi d’extraire les valeurs de l'énergie potentielle et de la constante de raideur du piège. Ces valeurs, déterminées expérimentalement, sont plus faibles que celles attendues par simulation. Cet écart peut être expliqué par la présence de vibrations mécaniques du banc de caractérisation optique.Ce dispositif de piégeage ouvre des perspectives d’applications dans le domaine des capteurs tout intégrés de taille nanométrique à faible puissance incidente.

It is well known that optical feedback in a laser system, such as the semiconductor laser-based one shown schematically in fig.1, can either stabilise or destabilise its output power and spectral characteristics. Semiconductor lasers have a level of sensitivity to optical feedback that is far greater than most lasers [1-3]. The current interest in using semiconductor laser with optical feedback systems, including versions implemented as integrated devices, in, for example, random number generation, reservoir computing and secure communications [1-3], sustains vigorous research activity in the field. The high, and increasing, potential for making strong connections between the predictions of increasingly sophisticated theoretical models of these complex systems and experimental measurements also reinforces the sustained activity in the field.

Modern biosensors are now integrated devices that closely connect the biomolecular recognition element with a physical transducer to create an electrical or optical signal that is proportional to the concentration of a specific chemical or biological agent being measured. The book concludes with a chapter that takes a look into the future and speculates how biosensor technology will evolve over the next several decades. It is hoped that this more speculative discussion will spur discussion and provide young researchers with insight on a rapidly changing technology in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. The future will require innovative technologies to improve biosensor sensitivity and selectivity, utilize nanostructured organic biological matrices, exploit the development of nanosensors and multiarrays, and investigate the viability of biomimetic sensors and optical nucleic acid sensors. It will also be necessary for future researchers to explore physiological biosensors and even exploit molecular computing (i.e. DNA-based logic components and circuitry).

Reconfigurable photonic integrated devices are playing in smart photonic networks, so that it is possible to utilize the resources of the bandwidth/channels optimally and flexibly. Since silicon photonics has become one of the most popular technologies for realizing photonic chips currently, in this paper we focus on our recent work for reconfigurable photonic integrated devices on silicon. It includes the following three parts. The first part is for thermally-tunable optical filters based on micro-ring resonators (MRRs) and waveguide gratings. The second part is for thermo-optic switches, which are designed to be ultra-broad band and polarization-insensitive. The third part is for all-optically reconfigurable photonic integrated devices on silicon.

With the rapid development of bio-integrated devices and tissue adhesives, tunable adhesion to soft biological tissues started gaining momentum. Strong adhesion is desirable when used to efficiently transfer vital signals or as wound dressing and tissue repair, whereas weak adhesion is needed for easy removal, and it is also the essential step for enabling repeatable use. Both the physical and chemical properties (e.g., moisture level, surface roughness, compliance, and surface chemistry) vary drastically from the skin to internal organ surfaces. Therefore, it is important to strategically design the adhesive for specific applications. Inspired largely by the remarkable adhesion properties found in several animal species, effective strategies such as structural design and novel material synthesis were explored to yield adhesives to match or even outperform their natural counterparts. In this mini-review, we provide a brief overview of the recent development of tunable adhesives, with a focus on their applications toward bio-integrated devices and tissue adhesives.

This paper presents an innovative method to synthesize nanowire-based microwave devices integrated inside a nanoporous alumina membrane. A laser treatment is used to destroy locally the template surface porosity, preventing the nanowire growth in the modified regions. We have realized a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) in which the vertical walls consist of nanowire arrays. The waveguide can then be modified to achieve different types of microwave devices by properly placing nanowire arrays inside the SIW. The so-obtained devices combine the advantages of nanowire arrays (compactness, tunable permittivity and permeability,…) with those of substrate integrated waveguides (low losses). Our fabrication approach enables wide range of devices and we present promising results for integrated waveguide isolators.

Sensitive and specific DNA biomarker detection is critical for accurately diagnosing a broad range of clinical conditions. However, the incorporation of such biosensing structures in integrated microfluidic devices is often complicated by the need for an additional labelling step to be implemented on the device. In this review we focused on presenting recent advances in label-free DNA biosensor technology, with a particular focus on microfluidic integrated devices. The key biosensing approaches miniaturized in flow-cell structures were presented, followed by more sophisticated microfluidic devices and higher integration examples in the literature. The option of full DNA sequencing on microfluidic chips via nanopore technology was highlighted, along with current developments in the commercialization of microfluidic, label-free DNA detection devices.

Recent developments in the design of active im- plantable devices have achieved significant advances, for example, an increased number of recording channels, but too often practical clinical applications are restricted by device longevity. It is important however to complement efforts for increased func- tionality with translational work to develop implant technologies that are safe and reliable to be hosted inside the human body over long periods of time. This paper first examines techniques currently used to evaluate micro-package hermeticity and key challenges, highlighting the need for new, in situ instrumentation that can monitor the encapsulation status over time. Two novel circuits are then proposed to tackle the specific issue of moisture penetration inside a sub-mm, silicon-based package. They both share the use of metal tracks on the different layers of the CMOS stack to measure changes in impedance caused by moisture present in leak cracks or diffused into the oxide layers.

We discuss the latest progress on the development of all-optical signal processing devices in Si-based platform. We discuss the realization of intra- and inter-modal wavelength converters by using our internally developed Si-rich-silicon nitride platform.

For the research of next-generation displays, technology of shrink device size is the most attractive and important technology. It is possible to manufacture high- performance display products by using high integrated devices such as mobile application. However, there is a certain limitation to the downsizing technology. Therefore, new device synthesis techniques are becoming important. In this paper, we propose a device design that combines inorganic material based light- emitting diode (LED) and thin-film transistor (TFT). By integrating the LED and TFT devices into one region, it is possible to highly integrate the devices, which can greatly reduce the size of the entire device. To investigate a possibility of device implementation, technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation is used. After that, an optical and electrical characteristic of the device are analyzed. Finally, the light- emitting transistor (LET) is proposed.

In this paper, we theoretically propose a novel graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide (GHPW) consisting of a low-index rectangle waveguide between a high-index cylindrical dielectric waveguide and the substrate with coated graphene on the surface. The geometric dependence of the mode characteristics on the proposed structure is analyzed in detail, showing that the proposed GHPW has a low loss and consequently a relatively long propagation distance. For TM polarization, highly confined modes guided in the low-index gap region between the graphene and the high-index GaAs and the normalized modal area is as small as 0.0018 (λ2/4) at 3 THz. In addition to enabling the building of high-density integration of the proposed structure are examined by analyzing crosstalk in a directional coupler composed of two GHPWs. This structure also exhibits ultra-low crosstalk when a center-to-center separation between adjacent GHPWs is 32μm, which shows great promise for constructing various terahertz integrated devices.

Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that hold promise for overcoming the limitations of refractive and conventional diffractive optics. Previous metasurfaces have been limited to transparency windows at infrared wavelengths because of significant optical absorption and loss at visible wavelengths. Here we report a polarization-insensitive, high-contrast transmissive metasurface composed of crystalline titanium dioxide pillars in the form of metalens at the wavelength of 633 nm. The focal spots are as small as 0.54lambda; d , which is very close to the optical diffraction limit of 0.5lambda; d . The simulation focusing efficiency is up to 88.5%. A rigorous method for metalens design, the phase realization mechanism and the trade-off between high efficiency and small spot size (or large numerical aperture) are discussed. Besides, the metalenses can work well with an imaging point source up toplusmn;15deg; off axis. The proposed design is relatively systematic and can be applied to various applications such as visible imaging, ranging and sensing systems.

Cylindrical vector vortex (CVV) beams, complex light fields that exhibit a vector nature and carry quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, have been widely investigated due to their rich applications. Current technologies to generate CVV beams using individual polarization and spatial phase manipulations suffer from bulky size and low configurability. In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to generate CVV beams with a single integrated device based on a silicon nitride microring resonator and embedded top-gratings. The device allows the manipulation of both the polarization and OAM degrees of freedom of light, and enables the generation of both radially and azimuthally polarized CVV beams. In addition, we develop a method to fabricate the devices of shallow-etched top-gratings with only one-step etching. To the best of our knowledge, this novel method provides new capabilities to develop on-chip integrated devices with great ease and flexibility.

Well-known advantages of optical data communication, like high-speed data transmissions and higher integration densities, are the main drivers for novel applications in the field of opto-electronics. A new innovative approach is to print polymer optical waveguides on spatial circuit carriers. This allows creating highly integrated devices that unify the characteristics of electro-optical circuits with the advantages of 3D-mechatronic integrated devices (MID). This paper describes the introduction of a novel engineering method that includes technology-specific processes for creating new spatial opto-mechatronic applications with the focus on printing technologies and computer-aided design.

A stretchable multisensor system is successfully demonstrated with an integrated energy-storage device, an array of microsupercapacitors that can be repeatedly charged via a wireless radio-frequency power receiver on the same stretchable polymer substrate. The integrated devices are interconnected by a liquid-metal interconnection and operate stably without noticeable performance degradation under strain due to the skin attachment, and a uniaxial strain up to 50%.

The approach to identifying expert knowledge in the field of the information security of integrated devices for their further use by the developers of integrated devices, including as the input data of integrated devices in the design and verification of integrated devices is offered.

Diamond provides superior optical and mechanical material properties, making it a prime candidate for the realization of integrated optomechanical circuits. Because diamond substrates have matured in size, efficient nanostructuring methods can be used to realize full-scale integrated devices. Here we review optical and mechanical resonators fabricated from polycrystalline as well as single crystalline diamond. We present relevant material properties with respect to implementing optomechanical devices and compare them with other material systems. We give an overview of diamond integrated optomechanical circuits and present the optical readout mechanism and the actuation via optical or electrostatic forces that have been implemented to date. By combining diamond nanophotonic circuits with superconducting nanowires single photons can be efficiently detected on such chips and we outline how future single photon optomechanical circuits can be realized on this platform.

Flexible fiber-shaped energy storage devices have been studied and developed intensively over the past few years to meet the demands of modern electronics in terms of flexibility, weavability and being lightweight. In this review, fiber electrodes and flexible fiber energy storage devices containing solid-state supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are carefully summarized with particular emphasis on their electrode fabrication, structure design and flexibility. In addition, emerging wire-shaped integrated energy systems, combined energy storage and solar cells, as well as other electronic devices to realize self-charging and self-powered integrated systems are specifically highlighted.