Search

Achillea fragrantissima Forssk. (Family: Asteraceae) has been used as a natural remedy in the Arabian region for its antihyperglycemic activity. As a result of the intensive demand for this plant in folk medicinal uses, its scarcity has become problematic. This study has explored methods that produce an efficient in vitro culture protocol for the conservation of this plant as well as the enhancement of its hypoglycemic activity. A. fragrantissima cultures on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.6 µM/L of 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) for a two month period resulted in maximum in vitro shoot proliferation (12.33 shoots/explant) while MS medium supplemented with 2.4 µM/L 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) provided maximum in vitro adventitious root formation (2.46 roots/shoot tip explant). Callus induction was favored by leaf explants cultured on MS medium and supplemented with 3 µM/L BAP and 3 µM/L IAA media in dark conditions. Further in vivo study of some selected feedings determined that the best hypoglycemic activity was obtained in either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-fed plants (24%) or NAA-fed plants (22%). Both treatments enhanced insulin-like activity in STZ-treated diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats when compared with the wild plant (10%). Moreover, the IBA-fed plants showed significant antioxidant activity while the NAA-fed plants inhibited salivary alpha amylase. The framework of this study provides in vitro culture methods that can sustain the cultivation of this over-exploited A. fragrantissima plant as well as increase its antioxidant and insulin-like activities.

This study quantified the structure and composition of birds’ assemblages in the land covers of the inner part and the edge of a mature montane forest, using methodologies based on true diversity and sampling coverage in the Important Bird Area (IBA) site called the Natural Reserve La Patasola, located in Central Andes of Colombia. The study recorded 80 bird species with four of them in a threat category. There was no dependency of the trophic guild on the habitat type, showing that bird guilds distribute heterogeneously, also indicating the potential resource availability for every group of birds in both habitats. Alpha diversity was slightly higher for the edge of the forest; however, both communities showed similar levels of equitability and dominance even when they did not share many species. The differences in species composition were probably due to a dominant species turnover process, which is probably explained by the strong ability of birds to disperse, not being affected by barriers (as some other vertebrate groups), and to find the appropriate habitats in a region. Furthermore, it is evidence of potentially reduced risk concerning the local extinction of species, and the main value for birds’ conservation, which is an important attribute to consider in management plans for birds of sensible ecosystems in the montane forest of the Colombian Andes.

Incineration bottom ashes (IBA) are the main waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. In the Iberian countries (Portugal and Spain), MSW incineration with energy recovery (WtE) plays an important role in MSW management. IBA is highly produced and managed differently both between and within countries. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the management model of IBA using the Iberian Peninsula as a case study, addressing its properties, current management, incentives and difficulties in valorizing, and prospects. For this purpose, incineration plants of both countries were approached, and a broad literature review was conducted to gather information. About 10% and 41% of IBA have been landfilled in Portugal and Spain, respectively. Metals (mostly ferrous) from Portuguese (6% of IBA) and Spanish (9% of IBA) WtE plants are recycled. In Portugal, the remaining IBA (84%) has been temporarily stored (11%), applied to landfills as a substitute for soil in intermediate and final covers, construction of paths, accesses, and platforms (41%), or used in civil engineering work and road construction (48%). In Spain, the remaining IBA (50%) has been reused mainly as a secondary raw material in the construction and civil engineering fields (77%), while the rest has been temporarily stored (11%), applied in the conditioning of landfills (4%), alsoa secondary aggregate replacing natural materials. Both countries regulate IBA reuse outside landfills but consider different requirements and criteria. Nevertheless, there are both drivers and barriers to valorization. In the future, different IBA applications will likely continue to be developed, with the concern of protecting the environment. Growing confidence in IBA reuse following the publication of proper studies is expected. Globally, uniform legal frameworks among EU members with the same standards would likely lead to better IBA valorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Al3+-toxicity is one of the limiting factors for crop production in acidic soils, little is known about the Al3+-tolerance mechanism in watermelon, a fairly acid-tolerant crop. This work aimed to identify the interaction between the H 2 O 2 scavenging pathway and auxin glycosylation relevant to watermelon Al3+-tolerance. By analyzing expressions of hormone-related ClUGTs and antioxidant enzyme genes in Al3+-tolerant (ZJ) and Al3+-sensitive (NBT) cultivars, we identified ClUGT75s (B1, B2, and D1) and ClSOD1-2-ClCAT as crucial components associated with Al3+-tolerance. Al3+-stress significantly increased H 2 O 2 content by 92.7% in NBT and 42.3% in ZJ, accompanied by less Al3+-, auxin (IAA and IBA), and MDA contents in ZJ than NBT. These findings coincided with significant ClSOD1-2 expression and stable dismutation activity in NBT than ZJ. Hence, higher H 2 O 2 content in the root apex of NBT than ZJ correlated with a significant increase in auxin content and ClSOD1-2 up-regulation. Moreover, Al3+-activated ClUGT75D1 and ClUGT75B2 in ZJ coincided with no considerable change in IBA content, suggesting that glycosylation-mediated changes in IBA content might be relevant to Al3+-tolerance in watermelon. Furthermore, exogenous H 2 O 2 and IBA indicated ClUGT75D1 modulating IBA is likely dependent on H 2 O 2 background. We hypothesize that a higher H 2 O 2 level in NBT represses ClUGT75 , resulting in increased auxin than those in ZJ roots. Thus, excess in both H 2 O 2 and auxin aggravated the inhibition of root elongation under Al3+-stress. Our findings provide insights on the permissive action of H 2 O 2 in the mediation of auxin glycosylation by ClUGT75 in root apex for Al3+-tolerance in watermelon. • Accumulation of H 2 O 2 and auxin upon Al3+-stress inhibits primary root elongation. • ClSOD1-2-ClCATs pathways contribute to less H 2 O 2 in Al3+-tolerant watermelon. • IBA glycosylation by ClUGT75 contributes to Al3+-tolerance in watermelon. • A balanced level of H 2 O 2 is necessary for activated expression of ClUGT75 in root tip. • H 2 O 2 signaling affect auxin glycosylation via ClUGT75 under Al3+-stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Indole 3-hexanoic acid is a novel auxin and regulates plant growth and development. Auxin is a signaling molecule that influences most aspects of plant development. Although many small bioactive molecules have been developed as auxin analogues, naturally occurring auxin and the detailed mechanisms of its specific actions in plants remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, to screen auxin responses, we used a novel picolinate synthetic auxin, 3-indole hexanoic acid (IHA), which is similar in structure to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). IHA showed classical auxin activity in the regulation of root growth, gene expression, and PIN-FORMED abundance. Physiological and genetic analyses indicated that IHA may be perceived by the auxin receptor TIR1 and transported by the G-class ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG36 and its homolog ABCG37. Importantly, IHA was detected in planta and converted into IBA depending on the peroxisomal β-oxidation. Together, these findings reveal a novel auxin pathway component and suggest possible undiscovered modes of auxin metabolism regulation in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long term monitoring of bird species was conducted in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, one of the important bird areas of Nepal (IBA). Bird species were identified by the point count method in transect surveys in two-time frames from 2002-2012 and 2015-2016 to obtain the bird species list. We compared our bird list with previously published (after 2000) checklists and compiled the updated checklist of birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest. We documented 372 bird species belonging to 80 families in Barandabhar, including five Critically Endangered, three Endangered, eight Vulnerable, and 15 Near Threatened species. The Accipitridae family included the highest number of species (n= 32), followed by Muscicapidae (n= 30) and Anatidae (n= 18). Approximately, half of the total confirmed bird species were insectivorous. The list included 63% resident, 27% winter migratory, 7.5% summer migratory, and 2.9% passage migrant species. According to the habitat type, there were 181 species of forest, 74 species of wetland, 24 species of grassland, 70 species of open field, and 23 species of partially wetland birds. This updated checklist of bird species will serve as a reference guide for bird watchers, biodiversity researchers, and support managers for conservation effort; and can be used to track any changes in the composition of bird species in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out in 2017-2018, at the laboratory for in vitro propagation in Fruit Growing Institute- Plovdiv. After decontamination, the explants are cultured on a non-hormonal nutrient medium. Pure and vital plantlets after 25-30 days are transferred in propagation media. Successfully propagated plants are rooted and subsequently adapted to outdoor conditions in two different ways. In the conducted experiments, plants grown in MS medium with 1.0 BАР mg. L- 1 the highest multiplication rate (3.67) was obtained. In rooting rate, the plants cultivated in nutrient media without GPR-s, percentage of rooting was 0%. Highest percent of rooting was achieved in liquid media containing 1.0 and 1.5 IAA mg .L-1liquid nutrient medium gave a slightly lower rooting percentage, but the other plant parameters: number of roots, length, height and number of leaves are better than the plants environment with higher concentration of auxins. The plants were acclimated by two methods: traditional and floating. There is almost no difference in the percentage of plant survival and newly formed leaves. The difference is in their height, which with better indicators are plants adapted in float system.. A low concentration of IBA 0.5 mg. L-1 in [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential cross sections of the first two proton groups of the 12 C ( 3 He ,p) 14 N reaction were determined within the 3 He energy range 1.34–2.86 MeV and for backward angles from 107o 107 o to 164 o with 2 o steps using two double sided silicon strip detectors. The results are presented in graphical form and they are also given as tables in the Appendix. Aiming to assist in the enrichment of the reaction database and the improvement of the differential cross section data quality, the determined cross sections were benchmarked with the measurement of thick target reaction yields from a pure glassy carbon target at two 3 He energies, 2.0 and 2.7 MeV. Furthermore, the data were accompanied by R-Matrix theory calculations, allowing for cross section data interpolation with sufficient accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of (Cu0.5−xTl0.5−y)-1223 superconductor samples, doped with varying amounts of (CuF2)x and (TlF)y compounds with x = y = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, were synthesized via a single-step solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that all the samples have a tetragonal symmetry of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 phase. Additionally, with increasing fluorine content up to x = 0.2 CuF2 and y = 0.1 TlF, the phase fraction and the superconducting transition Tc were enhanced. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images exhibited mainly plate-like rectangular shape grains confirming the formation of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 phase. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of CuF2- and TlF-substituted (Cu0.5−xTl0.5−y)-1223 show a slight softening and hardening in few peaks related to the apical oxygen atoms and CuO2 planar modes. The stoichiometry of elemental composition for all prepared samples has been confirmed using ion beam analysis (IBA) methods. The excess conductivity Δσ above Tc was analyzed through the Aslamasov–Larkin (AL) approach. Using the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) number (NG) and equations, the coherence length, the effective layer thickness, the lower critical field Bc1(0), the upper critical field Bc2(0) and the critical current density Jc(0) were estimated. It was found that the addition of an optimum concentration of CuF2 and TlF, controlled the microstructure, the grains coupling and hence enhanced the physical properties of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Blueberry cuttings are difficult to root, so alternatives that maximize their rhizogenic potential are essential for the expansion of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the basal lesion and different methods of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of ‘Woodard’ herbaceous cuttings, collected in two seasons. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement, totaling 12 treatments and five replications. The factors consisted of different ways of IBA application (talc and alcohol in the concentration of 1,000 mg L-1, and without IBA), season of collection (autumn and summer), and two types of cuttings (with and without lesion in the basal portion). Two hundred days after the beginning of the experiment, there was no significant effect of the basal lesion on the rooting of the cuttings. However, it was found that rooting is influenced by the season of collection, with greater leaf retention, dry weight, number of roots per cutting, length of roots and length of the largest root collected in summer. The application of IBA talc provided a higher percentage of rooted cuttings (61.0%) in relation to alcohol (31.0%) and control (41.0%) when collected in the autumn. There was no difference between seasons when IBA was applied with talc, however, the application with alcohol solution and the control resulted in higher percentages of rooted cuttings in the summer (70.0% and 67.0%, respectively). Summer was considered the best season to collect ‘Woodard’ blueberry cuttings, although the IBA applied with talc has increased the percentage of rooted cuttings in the autumn. The basal lesion did not promote an increase in rooting.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solanum capsicoides All., is an important medicinal plant which is used as a source of 'Kantakari' (medicine for phlegm disorders) in India. The restricted distribution of the plant in Kerala along with its overexploitation necessitates the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of S. capsicoides. The present study reports the effects of four different cytokinins (2 isopentenyl adenine (2iP), benzyl adenine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), and zeatin (ZEA)) in combination with indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) on indirect organogenesis of S. capsicoides from in vitro grown seedling explants such as cotyledon, shoot tip, and hypocotyl. Maximum shoot development was observed from cotyledon explants inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 2.46 μM IBA and 4.56 μM ZEA. An average of 17 ± 0.5 shoots per cotyledon with an average length of 0.53 ± 0.03 cm was observed. After subculture, an average of 20 ± 1 shoots was observed in cotyledon explants inoculated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.46 μM IBA and 6.84 μM ZEA. Clonal fidelity of regenerated plants was confirmed using DNA based molecular marker, intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR). Clonal fidelity test revealed 0% polymorphism and the PIC value 0 which indicate no diversity from seed-borne plants. The protocol thus developed can be used for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. capsicoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The expirment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of growth regulators, Benzyl Adenine (BA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) to improve multiplication of shoot tips and nodes of Gardenia jasminoides on roots and shoots propagation in vitro. The results showed that the best explant part for the Micropropagation of the Gardenia plant under experimental conditions is the shoot tips culturing on the MS medium provided with 2.0 mg.L-1 of BA with 0.1 mg.L-1 of the IBA, which it gave the highest average numbers of shoots 4.80 shoots.explant-1, the shoots length was 4.07 cm, and the average number of leaves was 3.40 leaf.shoot-1. The results also indicated that the medium of rooting supplemented with 2.0 mg.L-1 of IBA achieved the highest percentage of rooting 100%, with highest root number of 13.6 root.explant-1 and root length 6.34 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted on the plant of Callistemon viminalis L. in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. It had been achieved for the period from January to July 2018 in order to study the effects of planting dates and the effect of the wounding-cuttings process and the solutions of auxins from the IBA, NAA and the Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. (cinnamon extracts), which are C1 (control), C2 (750 IBA + 750 NAA) mg.l-1, C3 (1500 IBA + 1500 NAA) mg.l-1, C4 (750 IBA + 750 NAA) + Cin. 2mg.l-1, C5 (750 IBA +750 NAA) + Cin. 4 mg.l-1, C6 Cin. 2mg.l-1 and C7 Cin. 4mg.l-1. The process covered 3 dates: the first of January, February fifteenth and the first of April that had been accomplished in a quick-dip method, wounding or not wounding and comparing them. The data were subjected to the statistical analyses by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial experiment with three replications and 8 cuttings per repeater (3 * 2 * 7) and the data were analyzed statistically using SAS program. The results showed that the second date gave the highest value of cutting rooting percentage, which amounted to 53.33% while the other dates were less responsive to rooting. On the other side, the second date gave the highest concentration of NAA which reached 38.3 nanogm.gm-1 dry weights, compared to the first and third date. In regard to the process of wounding, it did not affect on the concentrations of Auxin. However, as regard to the effect of the solutions of rooting, the treatment C7 Cin. 4mg.l-1 gave the highest value of IAA and the treatment C5(750 IBA +750 NAA) + Cin. 4 mg.l-1 gave the highest value of, NAA IBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effective role of different auxins on adventitious roots (Ars) formation of stem cuttings relies on several factors including type of auxins, concentrations and the intermixing materials. In this study, bee honey (BH) was evaluated as a cofactor for maximizing the promoting effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for better survival of propagated hard-to-root ornamental plants. To improve Ars morphogenesis of Cupressus macrocarpa L. var. Goldcrest, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous application of IBA intermixed with BH in comparison with talcum powder (TP) on morphological, biochemical, histoanatomical, and ultrastructural responses. Results indicated that 500 mg kg-1 IBA intermixed with BH (T 5) was the superior treatment for improving rooting percentage and root growth measurements. Exogenous application of T 5 led to maximize activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase enzymes as well as total phenols content; however, it caused a sharp decline in peroxidase enzyme activity as compared with untreated cuttings. Additionally, this treatment decreased amounts of gibberellin, benzyl adenine, kinetin and abscisic acid, while the endogenous content of indole-3-acetic acid increased. Histoanatomical observations of stem cuttings treated with T 5 showed four prominent phases for adventitious root formation including: induction, initiation of meristemoids, root primordial formation and Ar elongation at 0–6th, 6-12th, 12-18th and 18-30th day after planting (dap). The Ar primordia evolved via two different developmental pathways: (i) indirect genesis (i.e., callus tissues) and (ii) direct genesis (e.g., cells in the inner bark, medullary rays and surrounding tissues). The time-course histoanatomical data of this study provide insights regarding the potential utilization of IBA intermixed with BH to improve Ar formation of several hard-to-root ornamentals. • Bee honey mixed with indole-3-butyric acid enhanced rooting performance. • Adventitious roots originated from medullary rays, cambium and callus tissues. • Bee honey mixed with indole-3-butyric acid stimulated antioxidants and auxins. • Indole-3-butyric acid and honey reduced the time of adventitious roots formation. • Indole-3-butyric acid at 500 mg kg-1 and bee honey was the superior treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-khaima, Cairo, Egypt. Experiments were executed for the duration of two consecutive years 2017 and 2018 on chicory plant. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), which belongs to Asteraceae family, is considered as an important medicinal plant due to the presence of many bioactive substances such flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, including( coumarines, cichoriin, esculetin, inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, chicoric acid, caffeic acid and some vitamins). In this research in vitro experiments were carried out using full strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) supplemented with different combinations of two plant growth regulators; Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) including two concentrations (0.5 – 2.0 mg/l) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) comprising four concentrations (0.5 – 2.0 – 3.0 – 5.0 mg/l). An abaxially (lower side) leaf explants (square pieces 0.5 × 0.5 cm) which were taken from 20 days old aseptic chicory seedlings were inoculated to (MS) surface. Initially, chicory seeds were aseptically germinated on half-strength MS medium, after surface sterilization by 70 % (v/v) ethanol for 60 seconds then soaking in 10 % Clorox (0.5% sodium hypochlorite NaOCl) for 10 min to produce the aseptic chicory seedlings which were the source of true leaf explants used in this research study. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids content were extracted from six-week C. intybus friable callus produced under both light and dark in vitro culture conditions inside a growth chamber incubation room where temperature was adjusted at 25oC ±1. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The highest values for their contents were from chicory calli when MS callus induction medium was supplemented with 2 mg/l NAA under total dark condition when compared with the other remaining growth regulator treatment combinations and alternative light regime conditions.

The present study attempts to explain a mass culture protocol for large scale multiple shoot bud regeneration from nodal explants of Citrullus colocynthis L. The highest shoot bud induction (94.9%) without attaining callus was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BA)in which the combination of benzyl amino purine BAP (1.0 mg/l), kinetin (0.5 mg/l), gibberellic acid (1.5 mg/l) produced more shoots/explants. This study strongly suggests that the pre-eminence of BA and other cytokinins in combination with GA3 was found to be essential for a swift multiple shoot bud induction as well as an enhanced rate of shoot proliferation in C. colocynthis. A full-strength MS medium, supplemented with indole 3 butyric acid IBA (1.5 mg/l) combined with BA (1.5 mg/l), had the maximum rooting response and the regenerated plantlets were successfully established in the field with an 80% survival rate.

This study was conducted in the green house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq to study the effect of wounding process and the rooting solutions of IBA and NAA in addition to cinnamon extract (cin.); C1 (0), C2 (750 IBA + 750 NAA mg L-1), C3 (1500 IBA + 1500 NAA mg L-1), C4 (750 IBA + 750 NAA mg L-1 + 2 mg 100 ml-1 cin.), C5 (750 IBA + 750 NAA mg L-1 + 4 mg 100 ml-1 cin.), C6 (2 mg 100 ml-1 cin.) and C7 (4 mg 100 ml-1 cin.). In quick-dip method, the median cutting was used for this study. The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replicates and 8 cuttings per repeater (3 × 2 × 7). Data were analyzed using SAS. The results showed that wounding per se had no effect on rooting rate, length of vegetative growth and the number of leaves. Whereas, solution C4 was the best among the other rooting solutions when coupled with wounding, which increased both the rooting rate as well as the length of vegetative growth. The control treatment gave the highest value as has also been observed that non-treatment of auxin induced in the leaves number and caused a significant increase in the studied properties compared with the treatment of unwounded cuttings.

This investigation was carried out in the laboratory of cells and plant tissue culture at department of Horticulture and Landscape Design,College of Agriculture and Forestry,Mosul university,to propagate Calendula officinalis L. cv. Lemon Queen in vitro by multiplication shoot tips and nodes taken from field culture on MS medium supplemented with (0.0,0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mg /l BA,shoot produced in vitro cultured on MS medium supplemented with (0.0,0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mg/l IBA,moreover parts of leaves had been cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg /l 2,4-D for callus initiation, callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) mg/l BA interacted with(0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) mg/l IBA for differentiation. Data refer that best multiplication 7.8 shoots/explants with 2.7 cm length were obtained from cultured shoot tip drived from field cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BA after eight weeks compared with nodes which gave 3.6 shoots / explants with 2.8 cm length from cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA after eight weeks, highest rooting 70% with highest roots number 8.8 obtained from shoot tips produced in vitro cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /l IBA, highest fresh weight of callus 15.9 gm was initiated from callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg /l IBA or from callus cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg /l IBA, 4.0 shoot /explant regenerated from callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l IBA, 10.2 root /explant obtained from callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg /l BA after eight weeks.

Outdoor production of floricane-fruiting (FF) blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) is problematic in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States because cane injury and plant death will occur from exposure to temperatures −15 °C and colder. An annual FF blackberry production system using hardwood floricane cuttings would overcome some of the existing limitations of traditional production methods. Several experiments were performed to induce adventitious root formation from one-node hardwood floricane blackberry cuttings taken in winter for the purpose of subsequent growth of a floral shoot. One-node hardwood cuttings of multiple blackberry cultivars (Apache, Arapaho, Kiowa, Osage, Ouachita, Siskiyou, and Triple Crown) were evaluated for rooting potential with and without auxin treatments. Root formation was virtually nonexistent for ‘Apache’, ‘Kiowa’, and ‘Triple Crown’ regardless of the auxin treatment. In general, lower auxin concentrations and the powder formulation produced more roots and had higher root ratings. However, rooting success of cuttings and plant development was low regardless of the rooting method used. Adventitious root production of one-node dormant hardwood FF blackberry cuttings for use in an annual production system had low success regardless of the cultivar, auxin application, rate, and formulation. The variable propagation success rates using single-node hardwood cuttings from ‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Osage’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Siskiyou’, and ‘Triple Crown’ plants grown in containers in North Dakota suggested insufficient rooting success for the recommendation of this practice. Additionally, the results suggested these cultivars are not suitable using this method for an annual production system or as a means for large-scale propagation. Although this approach to developing plants from cuttings is of great interest, without a more effective FF blackberry cutting rooting method that can progress through fruit production, an annual blackberry production system in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States is unlikely.

Abstract Background At a population level, the majority of alcohol-related harm is attributable to drinkers whose consumption exceeds recommended drinking levels, rather than those with severe alcohol dependency. Identification and Brief Advice (IBA) interventions offer a cost-effective approach for reducing this harm. Traditionally, IBA interventions have been delivered in healthcare settings and therefore contextual influences on their use in non-clinical settings are not well understood. Methods Qualitative face-to-face and telephone interviews with staff responsible for delivering a pilot IBA intervention across community settings in the UK. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify key issues and the constant comparison method was employed to compare barriers and facilitators to implementation across and within settings. Results A number of facilitators and barriers to delivery and implementation was identified across settings. These included familiarity with the customer base, working within public spaces, and assimilation of the intervention within existing role boundaries. Despite underlying concerns relating to the sensitive nature of the topic, most delivery staff felt their respective settings were appropriate for the delivery of the intervention and had proactively engaged members of the public with varying levels of risky drinking and readiness for behaviour change. Perceptions of actual or potential intervention success were conceptualised in relation to existing day-to-day role boundaries and responsibilities and the contexts in which they took place. Conclusions Findings support the potential value of multi-setting community approaches to facilitate more inclusive engagement with IBA. By comparing experiences and views from staff responsible for delivering the intervention across different community settings, our findings provide insight into how intervention acceptability and success are framed across settings, and how the intervention is assimilated within everyday practice and role boundaries. This study also highlights key areas to be addressed when implementing IBAs in non-clinical community settings by staff with diverse levels of health-related knowledge, skills and support needs. Although essential, the need for adaptable training and delivery approaches across different setting types is likely to result in methodological challenges that need to be addressed when evaluating future interventions and setting-specific influences on behaviour change and health outcomes.

Analytical techniques play a fundamental role in heritage science. Among them, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques are widely used in many laboratories for elemental composition analysis. Although they are well-established, a strong effort is put on their upgrade, making them suitable for more and more applications. Over the years, at the INFN-LABEC (the laboratory of nuclear techniques for the environment and cultural heritage of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics), the INFN-CHNet group, the network devoted to cultural heritage, has carried out many technological improvements to the PIXE and XRF set-ups for the analysis of works of art and archaeological finds. Among the many, we recall here the scanning external microbeam facility at the TANDEM accelerator and the MA-XRF scanner. The two instruments have shown complementary features: the former permits quantitative analysis of elements heavier than sodium, which is not possible with the latter in most of the case studies. On the contrary, the scanner has the undeniable advantage of portability, allowing it to work in situ. In this framework of technological developments in heritage science, INFN, CERN, and OPD are jointly carrying on the MACHINA (Movable Accelerator for Cultural Heritage In-situ Non-destructive Analysis) project for on-site Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) studies on cultural heritage.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting and some physiological characteristics of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) stakes in different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and its association with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüssler e Gigaspora albida N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial scheme with three replicates, where the first factor was the AMF and the second factor by doses of IBA (0; 1.0 and 1.5 mg .mL-1). The results showed that the presence of AMF in the substrate, as well as the IBA, isolated or in association stimulates the rooting and some physiological characters of L. camara cuttings.

The vegetative propagation of the Argan tree by cuttings was carried out in a glazed enclosure whose relative humidity and average temperature were 80% and 25 °C respectively. The first trial involved herbaceous cuttings taken from clone heads selected on the basis of productivity, vigor and ability to produce cuttings at different levels (heights) of the tree. Three factors were taken into account: the age of the root-stock, the branch position on the tree and the treatment with indol-butyric acid (IBA), a rooting hormone whose concentrations were 1000 and 2000 ppm compared to a control treated with distilled water. A second trial was conducted to control the overall conditions for cuttings rooting such as light, relative air humidity and substrate temperature, as well as the type of the cuttings: herbaceous, semi-woody and woody. The overall rooting rate was improved by four folds between de first and the second trial. It increased from 25% under uncontrolled conditions to 100% under controlled conditions in some clones. Young trees showed the greatest ability to root. Variance analysis showed a highly significant effect of clone head and branch position on rooting, dry weight and average length of cuttings. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed for auxin treatment on these variables. The best result (100% rooting) was obtained for apical and median cuttings of sprouts of young trees under controlled conditions. Tree age has a highly significant effect on root quality since cuttings from young trees showed superior dry weight and root length. The comparative study of the root system produced by cuttings with that of seedlings showed that seedlings are characterized by a well-developed taproot while cuttings develop a cluster of cells that give rise to several orthotropic roots.

A rapid micro-propagation of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum variety NCS 008 using apical meristem shoots were cultured on MS medium supplement with different concentration of BAP (0.1-0.4mg/l) and NAA (0.01-0.04mg/l) for shoot proliferation and elongation. The study showed that highest number of regenerated shoots were obtained from MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.3mg/l) and NAA (0.03mg/l)giving an average of 8 shoot per meristem shoot cultured. Roots were induced using MS medium supplemented with different combinations of NAA and IBA. NAA (3.0mg/l) gave highest rooting percentage of 94.74. The meristem shoot tip demonstrated good response to plant regeneration of sugarcane variety NCS 008 through in-vitro culture.

We present an emerging model of shared academic, intellectual and infrastructure resources that addresses the need for institutions to sustain their educational and scholarship missions under ever-declining funding. The (IBA) was created in 2014 by Illinois State University for this purpose, eventually growing to a state-recognized ‘Center for Collaborative Studies’ in 2017. As the impact of the IBA continues to expand, it is on its way to become a new education paradigm in response to diminishing resources, and it can serve as a model to foster collaboration for other fields of mathematics.

والک (Allium akaka subsp. akaka) گیاهی دارویی از خانواده Amaryllidaceaeاست. این گیاه بومی ایران بوده و به‌دلیل برداشت بی‌رویه در معرض خطر انقراض قرارگرفته است. والک دارای ویژگی خواب بذر است و تاکنون مطالعه‌ای برای تکثیر درون شیشه‌ای آن انجام نشده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر تنظیم کننده‌های رشد بر کالوس‌زایی و باززایی در این گیاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین تأثیر درصد ساکارز و حضور تنظیم کننده‌ رشد ABA بر تولید سوخ در برگساره‌های باززا شده ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین کالوس‌دهی (7/93%) در 1/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر NAA به همراه 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر TDZ مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین درصد باززایی (6/91%) نیز در 1 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر NAA یا IBA به همراه 1 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر TDZ حاصل گردید، درحالی که بالاترین میزان تولید برگساره (7/9 برگ) متعلق به تیمار 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر NAA به همراه 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر TDZ بود. بیش‌ترین درصد تولید سوخ از برگساره‌ها (100%) در محیط کشت حاوی 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ABA به همراه 6% ساکارز بدست آمد. گیاهچه‌های تولید شده به گلدان منتقل شدند.

Elephantopus scaber L. is a plant that has potential as traditional medicine. Callus induction and production of secondary metabolite content can be increased by culture callus using plant growth regulators. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of IBA and kinetin concentration on the induction and secondary metabolite profile of callus from E. scaber L. leaves. Leaves explant of E. scaber L. were cultured on MS medium with various combination concentrations of IBA and kinetin for 6 weeks and then callus was extracted using methanol. Secondary metabolite content from the resulting extract was analyzed using the phytochemical screening method. The result showed that the treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.0 mg/L and treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L are the fastest combination concentration to induce callus at 5.33 ± 0.577 days. Treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L produced callus with the highest fresh weight and dry weight at 0.7016 ± 0.0588 grams and 0.0766 ± 0.0062 grams, respectively. The morphology of calluses grown during this study was compact with various colors appearance, such as light green, brownish green, and brown. Secondary metabolite content of methanol extract of callus E. scaber L. are flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins.

This study investiges the rooting ability and the growth performance of lower and upper shoot positions and type of the cuttings, i.e. soft and hard wood and leafy and non leafy, of Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth. The cuttings were collected from 4-year old plants growing in the Chauras Campus of H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied under the treatments of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole 3-acidic acid (IAA) under 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% concentration in both hormones. The rooting response was significantly (p < 0.05) better in 0.4% IBA compared to other treatments and control (0% IBA and IAA). The ratio of number of roots to rooted cuttings and length of root to rooted cuttings in the different treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The rooted cuttings were further transferred, into the polythene bags and shifted to open nursery conditions. Under such conditions, the rooted cuttings treated with 0.4% and 0.5% IBA demonstrated the highest (90% to 100%) survival capacity in the lower portion soft wood and leafy stem cuttings. Plantable plant and plant height was greater in the 0.4% IBA concentration treatment. The results of the study suggest that rooting of soft wood stem cuttings having lower position and leaves could be an effective mean of regenerating to T. stans. Furthermore, the application of 0.4% IBA concentration treatment is appropriate for rooting of juvenile leafy stem cuttings in a mist chamber.

We present a new analysis tool and user interface for batch analysis of PIXE, PIGE, RBS and PESA spectra of thin samples. IBA analysis techniques are ideally suited for aerosol filter analysis, because of their high sensitivity and because the layer of aerosol material deposited on the filters is very thin. The analysis tool provides an easy interface for the MS-DOS executable of the GUPIX package, combined with newly developed software for Proton Induced Gamma Emission (PIGE), Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) and Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA). For PIGE and PESA background subtraction techniques are applied to extract the gamma and hydrogen recoil peaks and calculate concentrations using suitable calibrations standards. For RBS a similar technique is applied to extract estimates for C, N and O. The results of this new analysis tool will be compared with results obtained from the PIXAN package used previously. The data will also be checked for internal consistencies within aerosol data sets using source apportionment techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was carried out through 10th November 2019 to 27th February 2020 at Grdarasha farm - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Salahaddin University- Erbil. The experiment was to evaluate the influence of Mass plant (contains IBA and NAA) and Tonic (0, 0. 3, 0.6, and 0.9%) on three radish cultivars (white, red and black) growth. The interaction treatments between Mass plant and Tonic concentrations gave significant increase of growth parameters values over control of all studied cultivars, among studied cultivars, the plants of the black cultivar showed more significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, leaves fresh weight and chlorophyll content (49.00cm 17.333, 57.600gm and 58.100spad respectively). While, the best leaf length, width and area (25.667cm, 20.667cm, and 504.133cm2 respectively) were obtained in the same treatment but with white cultivar. While, the best ones for root length (27.000cm) was registered from Mass plant application and 0.9% Tonic in white cultivar, however the same treatment on black cultivar gave the best results of root diameter, fresh weight and volume (6.333cm, 60.667g and 56.667cm3 respectively) and the highest TSS% content was obtained in two treatments of black cultivar; 0 and 0.3 Tonic both under Mass plant application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation entitled "Effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of button wood tree (Conocarpus erectus L.)" was carried out during 2019 - 2020 at Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, College of horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Semi hard wood stem cuttings of Conocarpus erectus were treated with 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm IBA and NAA solutions by quick dip method. Cuttings were then subjected to rooting in a media consisting of sandy soil, farm yard manure, single super phosphate in a ratio of 2:1:1 mixture in black polythene bags. Among all the treatments, number of sprouted cuttings, length of sprout per cutting, diameter of sprout per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, percentage of rooted cutting, number of primary roots per cutting, number of secondary roots per cutting, length of roots per cutting, number of plants transplanted and number of plants established were higher in IBA 3000 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on olive cuttings, a greenhouse study was conducted, at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab during the growing season 2016. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments that were replicated three times. The IBA concentrations used were (T1: control, T2: 1000 mgL-1, T3: 2000 mgL-1, T4: 3000 mgL-1). Data were recorded on days to 50% sprouting, number of sprouts cutting-1, sprouts length cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, days to rooting, and survival percentage. Significant differences (P=0.01) were observed among olive cultivar treated with different IBA concentrations for days to 50% sprouting, days to rooting, and survival percentage, while non-significant differences were observed for the number of leaves cutting-1, number of sprouts cutting-1 and sprouts length cutting-1. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 3000 mgL-1 took fewer days to sprout (25.00), and rooting (46.66), showed high value for the number of sprouts cutting-1 (3.33), and survival percentage (39.67), while the maximum number of leaves cutting-1 (7.33), and maximum sprout length cutting-1 (5.00) was recorded with IBA @1000 mgL-1 and 2000 mgL-1 respectively. As most of the studied parameters had improved by IBA @ 3000 mgL-1, therefore it can be used effectively as propagating material for olive cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is one among the vulnerable tree species growing in the selected forest areas of the Western Ghats, India. The habitat of this tree species is being altered due to overexploitation, pressure from exotic weeds, reproductive inefficiency, microbial infection on the leaves and other problems associated. Although, this species has been included under IUCN redlist as Vulnerable (B1+2C). A study has been attempted to develop a micropropagation protocol for Syzygium densiflorum with Woody plant medium, B5 medium and Murashige skoog medium supplemented by various concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/l) of BAP, Kn, 2,4-D, IAA and IBA alone and various combinations. The highest number of shoots (7.7 ± 0.08) was obtained from nodal explant on woody plant medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP with 1.5 mg/l IBA achieved. The highest number of roots (3.83±0.53) and root length (3.4 ± 0.05 cm) were obtained in half strength woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in the paper cups containing 1:1 ratio of sand and soil and successfully transferred to field condition. About 58.5% of the saplings were survived in the natural condition.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting potential of "Sangre de Drago" (SD: Croton urucurana Baill.), "Horquetero" (TC: Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC.) and "Ojo de muñeca" (PE: Paullinia elegans Cambess.) cuttings by immersion in 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Two hundred cuttings without leaves per species were collected and immersed in 0, 1000, 2500 and 3500 ppm of NAA (for SD and TC) and 0, 500, 1000 and 2500 ppm of NAA for PE. At the end of the rooting period the following variables were registered on each cutting; the presence of roots, diameter at the base of the cutting (DAC) and rooting quality. Rooting probability was highest (0.76) for NAA than control (0.36) on SD cuttings. The rooting probability was very low on PE regardless of the NAA dose (0.13) but was directly proportional to the DAC. Root formation was not observed on TC, regardless of the NAA dose nor DAC. Rooting quality was unaffected by NAA dose but highly related to DAC in SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable and successful micropropagation protocol was developed for pepino plant (Solanum muricatum Aiton) from nodal segment explants grown on MS medium. The best values of shoot multiplication traits were recorded from the addition of 3 mg.l-1 kinetin by producing 2.3 shoots/explant, 3.6 cm and 9.6 leaves/ explant which was significantly superior upon the addition of BA at the same levels. In case of adding 3 mg.l-1 kinetin, the best root formation attributes were achieved from the use of 0.2 mg.l-l IAA that resulted a maximum number of roots (14.33 roots/ explant). The longest root length (15.33 cm) was achieved when 0.3 mg.l-l IAA was used. A 100% rooting percentage was recorded from the all tested auxins including IAA, IBA and NAA. The gradually moved plantlets from the heterotrophic phase in the lab to the autotrophic phase in the greenhouse showed 100% success. The plantlets did not show any abnormal growth or morphological changes. It is concluded that this important plant can be easily propagated by tissue culture technique through a reliable micropropagation protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2019, the tropical western South Atlantic Ocean (∼16.5°S) registered the first pure tropical cyclogenesis since the beginning of the satellite era, which the Brazilian Navy named Iba. This study presents a description of the synoptic features and meteorological mechanisms contributing to Iba's initial cyclonic vorticity as well as the anomalous synoptic patterns linked to this unprecedented tropical cyclogenesis. Moreover, a general description of Iba's lifecycle is provided. The genesis of Iba was as a pure tropical cyclone (00:00 UTC on March 22), and it underwent subtropical (18:00 UTC on March 25) and extratropical (06:00 UTC on March 29) transitions. Anomalies for a 5‐day period prior to the genesis relative to the March climatology show environmental features appropriate for tropical cyclogenesis: (a) vertical wind shear in the 850–200 hPa lower than 10 m s−1, (b) intense initial cyclonic relative vorticity at 925 hPa (−10 × 10−5 s−1), (c) latent and sensible heat fluxes near the climatological values (∼150 W m−2), (d) warmer sea surface temperature (+2°C), and (e) relative humidity at 700 hPa 20% higher than the climatology. These features were associated with an anomalous wave pattern at 500 hPa, resembling a blocking structure over the southeastern South Pacific Ocean, and an anticyclonic circulation at upper levels over southeastern Brazil. This environment propitiated a weak vertical wind shear and convective cloud organization. Near the surface, the horizontal wind shear between the postfrontal southwesterly winds and the northeasterly winds of the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone helped to generate Iba's initial cyclonic vorticity. Key Points: Iba is the first case of pure tropical cyclogenesis over the South Atlantic Ocean and has lifecycle characterized by both tropical‐subtropical and subtropical‐extratropical transitionsHorizontal wind shear is decisive to generate initial cyclonic vorticityThe cyclogenesis is associated with an anomalous upper‐level anticyclone and weak vertical wind shear [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]