Search

Chronic gastric ulcer (CGU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to have beneficial therapeutic effects in many human diseases. Here, a CGU model induced by acetic acid in mice was used to evaluate the repair effects and potential mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) and hUC-MSCs derived conditioned medium (hUC-MSC-CM). We found that hUC-MSCs and hUC-MSC-CM treatment significantly repaired morphological characteristics of CGU, improved proliferation and decreased apoptosis of gastric cells, and promoted the generation of new blood vessels in granulation tissues. In addition, we could detect the homing of MSCs in gastric tissue, and MSCs may differentiate into Lgr5-positive cells. As well as this, in vitro experiments showed that hUC-MSC-CM could promote cell proliferation, stimulate cell cycle progression, and reduce the incidence of apoptosis. The transcriptome of cells and the iTRAQ proteome of gastric tissues suggest that MSCs may play a therapeutic role by increasing the expression of TRIM29. Additionally, it was found that knocking down TRIM29 significantly decreased the ameliorative effects of hUC-MSC-CM on cell apoptosis. As a result of further molecular experiments, it was found that TRIM29 is capable of phosphorylating Erk/Akt in specific cell type. As a whole, it appears that hUC-MSCs can be an effective therapeutic approach for promoting gastric ulcer healing and may exert therapeutic effects in the form of paracrine and differentiation into gastric cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrobium officinale Kinura et Migo (DOKM) has a variety of medicinal applications; however, its ability to promote wound healing has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the proliferative phase of the wound−healing effect of DOKM glycoprotein (DOKMG) in rats and to elucidate its mechanism of action in vitro. In the present study, the ointment mixture containing DOKMG was applied to the dorsal skin wounds of the full‐thickness skin excision rat model, and the results showed that the wound healing speed was faster in the proliferative phase than vaseline. Histological analysis demonstrates that DOKMG promoted the re‐epithelialization of wound skin. Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that DOKMG promotes the secretion of Fibronectin and inhibits the secretion of Collagen IV during the granulation tissue formation period, indicating that DOKMG could accelerate the formation of granulation tissue by precisely regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. In addition, we demonstrated that DOKMG enhanced the migration and proliferation of fibroblast (3T6 cell) in two‐dimensional trauma by regulating the secretion of ECM, via a mechanism that may implicate the AKT and JAK/STAT pathways under the control of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling. In summary, we have demonstrated that DOKMG promotes wound healing during the proliferative phase. Therefore, we suggest that DOKMG may have a potential therapeutic application for the treatment and management of cutaneous wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Intestinal neomucosa formation is a technique defined for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. This study evaluates the effect of glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids on the growth of intestinal neomucosa on the colonic serosal surface has been evaluated. Materials and methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, control, glutamine, and omega-3. Laparotomy was performed on all groups. For rats other than the sham group, a 1-cm full-thickness incision was made 4 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, and colonic serosal surface was sutured as a serosal patch over these openings. By using the oral gavage technique, the glutamine group was ingested with 200 mg/kg/day of glutamine, and the omega-3 group was ingested with 100 mg/kg/day of omega-3 fatty acids. At the end of 14 days, the rats were euthanized, blood specimens were collected, and intestinal segments, including serosal patches, were excised. Results: Transforming growth factor-beta was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the control group. Similarly, fibroblast growth factor-2 was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the sham group. Intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 100% of rats in the glutamine group. In the control and omega-3 groups, intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 57.1% and 60% of rats, respectively. The inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity were more severe in the rats of the glutamine and omega-3 groups. Conclusion: The intestinal neomucosa formation is an experimental technique, and both glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to positively affect inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity. Specifically, glutamine has a favorable effect on intestinal neomucosa formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Despite several pediatric tracheostomy decannulation protocols there remains tremendous variability in practice. The effect of tracheostomy capping on decannulation has been studied but the role of speaking valves (SVs) is unknown. Objective Given the positive benefits SVs have on rehabilitation, we hypothesized that SVs would decrease time to tracheostomy decannulation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this in a subset of patients with chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary care children's hospital. A total of 105 patients with tracheostomies and CLD were identified. Data collected included demographics, gestational age, congenital cardiac disease, airway surgeries, granulation tissue excisions, SV and capping trials, tracheitis episodes, and clinic visits. Statistics were performed with logistic and linear regression. Results A total of 75 patients were included. The mean gestational age was 27 weeks (standard deviation [SD] = 3.6) and the average birthweight was 1.1 kg (SD = 0.6). The average age at tracheostomy was 122 days (SD = 63). A total of 70.7% of the patients underwent decannulation and the mean time to decannulation (TTD) was 37 months (SD = 19). A total of 77.3% of the patients had SVs. Those with an SV had a longer TTD compared to those without (52 versus 35 months; p = 0.008). Decannulation was increased by 2 months for every increase in the number of hospital presentations for tracheitis (p = 0.011). Conclusion The present study is the first, to our knowledge, to assess the effect of SVs on tracheostomy decannulation in patients with CLD showing a longer TTD when SVs are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives. Hernia recurrence is still a great challenge for surgeons regarding the optimal surgical technique, the best alloplastic material and the management of risk factors (advanced age, female sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, the presence of connective tissue disorders, chronic cough, etc.). The present study attempts to assess the impact of these factors in hernia recurrence, as well as the integration of the prosthetic material at the tissue level, in order to reduce possible postoperative complications. Material and Methods. A retrospective study was performed on 108 patients operated (between January 2012 and December 2022) for recurrence of inguinal, umbilical and incisional hernias. Demographic data and comorbidities were analyzed in relation to hernia recurrence. Fragments of unintegrated and well-fitted mesh were sampled and examined microscopically to assess tissue-level implications. Results. The strongest factors associated with hernia recurrence were obesity (p=0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.003), high blood pressure (p=0.003) and atrial fibrillation (p=0.044). Microscopic analysis of unintegrated mesh fragments revealed the presence of foreign body granulomas and predominance of thin fibrillar type 3 collagen, whereas well-integrated material showed thick type I collagen fibers and low inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions. Insufficient oxygen supply, an altered inflammatory response, and diminished proliferative capacity during the wound healing stages resulted in abnormalities in the development of mature granulation tissue. Therefore, to reduce the risk of hernia recurrence, it is essential to have a surgical treatment that must manage all these possible factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A sialocele is an accumulation of saliva in the subcutaneous tissues after leakage from a damaged salivary gland or duct. A 9-year-old, intact, female, Shih Tzu was brought to the UP Veterinary Teaching Hospital and presented with a firm mass on the left submandibular to cranial cervical area. Based on the patient history, physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and cytology, the dog was diagnosed with a cervical salivary mucocele or sialocele, possibly due to a defect in the left mandibular to sublingual salivary glands or gland-duct complex. A prior treatment regimen using corticosteroids and antibiotics had no effect on the size and consistency of the sialocele, further indicating surgical removal. Methodology: Surgical management via lateral approach was done to treat the sialocele via excision of the left mandibular and sublingual salivary glands along with their associated salivary ducts. Results: Treatment resulted in good post-operative healing in the submandibular to cervical region with no observed recurrence of sialocele. Conclusion: Histopathologic findings of the excised mass confirmed the sialocele and revealed focally extensive granulation tissue, multiple sialoliths, and sialadenitis. Case findings support that lateral approach sialoadenectomy was effective treatment for the patient's ailment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseases involving the clivus are highly variable, and the incidence of each disease is rare. Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PACNS) is a rare disease with very heterogeneous clinical manifestations, its diagnosis is often challenging, and histopathology is the gold standard. We report a patient with PACNS of the clivus, with a 1‐month history of headache and diplopia, who was misdiagnosed as having a tumor of the clivus during prior treatment, due to computed tomography findings of clivus occupation and bone destruction. Endoscopic resection of the nasal clivus lesions was performed. Pathological examination revealed a small abscess with hemorrhage, necrosis, extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, and granulation tissue scar formation. After histopathological examination, the diagnosis was confirmed, and oral glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide were commenced. This study is the first to report a tumor‐like PACNS, that occurs in the clivus, thereby enriching our understanding of PACNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with head and neck cancer often necessitate complex reconstructions, considering both functional and esthetic concerns. Reconstructions are further complicated by previous radiation therapy and patient co-morbidities, which impair wound healing. A recently introduced synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix has been shown to provide durable wound coverage and promote tissue healing as an alternative to traditional biologic allogenic and xenogenic skin substitutes. Case Presentation: Thirteen patients were treated at a single academic hospital between December 1, 2021, and May 1, 2023 with the synthetic matrix in head and neck reconstructions. Reconstructions included exposed muscle, scalp wounds, intra-oral defects, and radial forearm free flap donor sites. Wound sizes ranged from 2 × 2 cm to 18 × 10 cm. Serial photographs were taken to evaluate wound healing at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks timepoints after application. Outcomes measured at each timepoint included wound size, presence of granulation tissue, and extent of epithelialization. No hematomas or wound complications were encountered. Complete wound healing was noted between 6 and 12 weeks, dependent on wound size. The synthetic matrix significantly promoted wound healing via early granulation tissue formation and epithelialization, or mucosalization, in all head and neck applications. Scar formation and contracture were acceptable in all cases. Conclusion: The use of synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix promotes wound healing and avoids patient morbidity associated with traditional allogenic and biogenic treatments, such as split-thickness skin grafts. This synthetic matrix has been demonstrated to be a valuable asset in the head and neck reconstructive armamentarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural polyphenolic compound that targets multiple signaling molecules and helps in supporting health benefits as it aids in the management of oxidative and inflammatory conditions. However, curcumin by itself has poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and fast elimination, which makes its bioavailability very low. Therefore, curcumin is more active when combined with piperine to provide major health benefits. Several studies indicated that curcumin has powerful effects on post-surgical outcomes such as in ischemia-related surgeries, it improves postoperative pain and fatigue following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Also, it is effective against traumatic brain injury outcomes through several molecular signaling pathways that include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Finally, it has topical applications that improve granulation tissue formation, deposition of collagen, wound contraction, and remodeling of the tissue. In conclusion, curcumin has been shown to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could result in improved post-surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Diabetic foot ulcers constitute one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. If not treated promptly, progression of infection and sepsis may necessitate a limb amputation. Aim To assess wound healing and to assess the time for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in comparison with nano-silver coated dressing. Patients and methods This was a simple randomized cohort prospective trial included two groups of postoperative diabetic foot patients, in which we had a comparison between VAC and nano-silver dressing in order to investigate which procedures had the least time of follow up weeks for full granulation of wound. Results VAC significantly reduces the time to complete wound healing by enhancement the formation of granulation tissue. Conclusion The time to complete wound healing was significantly better in the VAC therapy group as compared with nano-silver dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Context.--Nodular gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a reported phenotype of GAVE that has histologic features overlapping with gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs), with additional features often seen in flat mucosa of GAVE. Objective.--To determine if nodular GAVE and GHPs are distinct lesions by evaluating the prevalence of features reported in nodular GAVE in GHPs with or without associated GAVE. Design.--A review of all lesions diagnosed as GHPs between 2014 and 2017 was performed. Slides were analyzed for a number of features including established histologic features of GAVE without knowledge of clinical or endoscopic features. Results.--A total of 90 polyps were analyzed including 18 from patients with GAVE (20%). GAVE polyps were larger than non-GAVE polyps (average size, 1.3 cm versus 0.68 cm; P < .001), with more common extensive ulceration and associated granulation tissue (61.11% [n = 11] versus 4.17% [n = 3]; P = .004), fibrin thrombi (50% [n = 9] versus 15% [n = 11]; P = .003), moderate to marked vascular ectasia (83% [n = 15] versus 35% [n = 11]; P = .001), and fibrohyalinosis (72% [n = 13] versus 28% [n = 20]; P = .001). All polyps showed foveolar hyperplasia and smooth muscle proliferation. There were no features that were exclusively found in GAVE or non-GAVE cases. Conclusions.--Nodular GAVE appears to represent GHPs arising in a background of GAVE, with superimposed features found in flat mucosa of GAVE stomachs. The presence of fibrin thrombi, marked vascular ectasia, fibrohyalinosis, and/or ulceration in a GHP is suggestive but not diagnostic of GAVE, and the absence of these features does not rule out GAVE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effects of the Gly-His-Lys-D-Ala peptide in a dose 0.5 μg/kg on skin wound regeneration in male Wistar rats (n=80) after initial surgical debridement when administered intracutaneously around the site of injury. Histological (severity of the inflammatory reaction, formation of granulation tissue, and epithelialization terms) and morphometric (number of fibroblastic cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes) studies were performed on autopsy specimens on days 3, 7, 10, and 30 of the experiment. Daily intracutaneous injection of the peptide resulted in an increase in the number of fibroblastic cells and macrophages, as well as in a decrease in the number of granulocytes against the background of active wound contraction on day 30 of the experiment. Thus, Gly-His-Lys-D-Ala alleviated the inflammatory reaction and promoted the regenerative processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare vascular disease, characterized by acute but transient vulnerability of the wall of medium-sized arteries. The most characteristic feature of SAM is its biphasic course: an injurious phase marked by acute weakness of the arterial wall leading to acute dissection and/or hemorrhage, followed by a reparative phase in which granulation tissue and fibrosis restore the injured arterial wall. Residual stenosis, aneurysms, and/or arterial wall irregularities may remain visible on future imaging studies. Differentiating between SAM and other arterial vasculopathies is difficult due to its similarities with many other vascular diseases, such as vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, inherited connective tissue disorders, and isolated visceral artery dissection. In this systematic review, we provide an overview on SAM, with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis and diagnostic work-up. We propose new diagnostic criteria to help establish a prompt diagnosis of SAM, illustrated by case examples from our multidisciplinary vascular clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prolonged hypoxic conditions hinder chronic wounds from healing and lead to severe conditions such as delayed re‐epithelialization and enhanced risk of infection. Multifunctional wound dressings are highly required to address the challenges of chronic wounds. Herein, we report polyurethane‐coated sodium per carbonate‐loaded chitosan hydrogel (CSPUO2) as a multifunctional dressing. The hydrogels (Control, CSPU, and CSPUO2) were prepared by freeze gelation method and the developed hydrogels showed high porosity, good absorption capacity, and adequate biodegradability. The release of oxygen from the CSPUO2 hydrogel was confirmed by the increase in pH and a sustained oxygen release was observed over the period of 21 days, due to polyurethane (CSPU) coating. The CSPUO2 hydrogel exhibited around 2‐fold increased angiogenic potential in CAM assay when compared with Control and CSPU dressing. CSPUO2 also showed good level of antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. In a full‐thickness rat wound model, CSPUO2 hydrogel considerably accelerated wound healing with exceptional re‐epithelialization granulation tissue formation less inflammatory cells and improved skin architecture highlighting the tremendous therapeutic potential of this hydrogel when compared with control and CSPU to treat chronic diabetic and burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is rapidly progressive, lethaldestructive inflammation with polymicrobial infection and secondary necrosis. Though it is a disease described from the Hippocratic era, there is an increase in the incidence of necrotizing fasciitis. The most important factors determining the outcome of the disease are early diagnosis and aggressive debridement. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital's surgical ward. A total of 50 patients, diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis based on the criteria set were included in the study. After detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation, appropriate and adequate surgical and medical interventions were administered and were followed to note the outcome. Results: The majority of patients were over 40 years old and 74% of them were male. 72% of them had fever, 88% of them had tenderness. 68% of the patients had involvement of the lower extremities. Trauma was the predominant triggering factor and diabetes, the most commonly associated predisposing disease present in 72% of patients. 84% of the infections were polymicrobial and E. coli was isolated from 74% of them. 4 patients succumbed to the disease and 6 patients needed amputations as a life-saving measure. Acidosis and hypoalbuminemia were the most common independent predictive factors for mortality. Once sepsis is overcome and the granulation tissue is formed, the wound is covered with an SSG or flap cover. Conclusion: The aggressive and destructive course of necrotizing fasciitis could lead to morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, aggressive debridement are the essential steps for recovery. Though broad-spectrum antibiotics started as empirical therapy to avoid the catastrophe of septic shock, appropriate antibiotics should be started as the disease is often polymicrobial. Acidosis, truncallocation, leucocytosis and decreased albumin were found to be factors strongly associated with mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the clinical and laboratory status of animals with crushed wounds as a result of the traumatic effect of ammunition fragments, as well as the wound healing effect of ecologically safe drugs based on natural beekeeping products is of great importance under the conditions of the animals' stay in the war zone and territories subject to rocket-bomb and artillery fire. The aim of the research is to study the clinical condition of dogs with shrapnel-crushed wounds, observing its dynamics during systemic therapy and evaluating the therapeutic effect of wound healing using the universal biological ointment Unibiol®. During the research, various physical, hematological, biochemical, hemorheological, hemodynamic, and statistical methods were employed. Six animals with shrapnel-crushed wounds on their limbs and groin were analyzed. It was established that due to the traumatic factor, injuries in dogs are characterized by extensive tissue destruction and deconstruction. The overall condition of the animals, based on clinical signs, is described as toxemic-septic. Hematological changes such as anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, left shift in the nucleus, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis indicate a systemic inflammatory reaction and a septic state in the dogs' bodies. Biochemical studies revealed hypoalbuminemia leading to hypoproteinemia, creatinine elevation, uremia, elevated levels of indicator transaminases, suggesting multi-organ failure. A significant decrease in circulating blood volume, increased spontaneous platelet aggregation, characterizes a moderate traumatic circulatory shock, while a 5-fold increase in the circulation of D-dimer levels indicates a significant potential for disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Following infusion and antibiotic therapy, wound sanitation over 5 days led to a significant restoration of the clinical-laboratory status of the injured dogs, setting the stage for Unibiol® ointment wound-healing therapy. As a result of the treatment conducted over 21 days, the wound defect healed with the formation of complete granulation tissue and an elastic scar. The clinical trials conducted allow recommending Unibiol® ointment for effective and environmentally safe healing of severe shrapnel-crushed wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Split thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a simple surgical technique in wound reconstruction, but various factors including inadequate wound bed preparation may cause partial or total graft loss. Ensuring infection-free healthy granulation tissue is essential before operation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a critical role in angiogenesis and formation of healthy granulation tissue. This study retrospectively investigated the value of intralesional EGF in patients with a chronic foot ulcer due to diabetes who underwent reconstruction with an autologous skin graft. Patients treated with intralesional EGF had a higher rate of graft survival, significantly fewer postoperative complications and reduced hospitalisation times. These results suggest we should undertake a need prospective study of this issue with a larger case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow, a soft spongy tissue, is containing mesenchymal stem cells, that are well-recognized according to their self-renewability and stemness. Therefore, we hypothesized that bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) could have a pivotal influence on the process of wound healing in particular when it is combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Thirty-six albino mice (BALB/c) were used in the study and they were grouped as negative-control, PRP treated, BMAC treated and BMAC plus PRP treated. An incisional wound (1 cm2) was made at the back of mouse and their wounds were treated according to their treatment plan and group allocations. Later, the skin at the treated wound sites was collected on days 7, 14, and 21 for histopathological investigation. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in BMAC+PRP-treated wounds over the rest of the treated groups in the acceleration of wound healing throughout the experiment by increasing the rate of wound contraction, re-epithelization process, and granulation tissue intensity with fluctuated infiltration in the number of the neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, also restoration of the epidermal and dermal thickness with less scarring and hair follicle regeneration vs to the negative-control, PRP and BMAC only treated groups. Our findings indicated that BMAC containing mesenchymal stem cells is an efficient approach, which can be used to enhance a smooth and physiopathological healing process, especially when it is used in combination with PRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Implantologie is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinická Mikrobiologie a Infekční Lékařství is the property of TRIOS, spol. sr.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculous otitis media (TOM) is an infrequent ailment. As an uncommon form of extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis, it is often underestimated, leading to a delay in diagnosis and start of appropriate treatment. Case Series: We describe 3 cases of TOM diagnosed and treated in our institute. The typical presentation was prolonged ear discharge not responding to culture sensitive antibiotics, hard of hearing, perforation of tympanic membrane, pale whitish granulation tissue. Pure Tone Audiogram (PTA) done to evaluate the hearing loss. The granulation tissue from all the patients sent for Histopathology examination (HPE) and Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) examination. CBNAAT results were positive in all three patients. HPE reported as chronic inflammatory pathology. PTA revealed sensorineural hearing loss in 2 patients and conductive hearing loss in 1 patient. Treatment with regular ATT 4FDC (Anti Tubercular Treatment- Four Drug Combination) regimen was started as per weight band for 6 months. Each of them was on follow up and symptomatically improving. Discussion: TOM requires recognition in refractory chronic otitis media. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to prevent complications and optimise outcomes. The delay in initiating therapy may lead to complications such as facial nerve palsy. This case series aims to highlight the clinical presentation, effective diagnostic modalities and treatment of tuberculous otitis media and stresses the importance of awareness among otorhinolaryngologists regarding TOM and its timely management.

Abstract Objective To observe the expression of inflammatory factors and autophagy‐related proteins in granulation tissue of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients and analyze their relationship with infection. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and fifty‐two patients with DFU in our hospital from July 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the DFU group, including 98 cases in infection stage group and 54 cases in infection control group. The patients were further graded as the mild (51 cases), the moderate (65 cases), and the severe infection group (36 cases) according to the Wagner grading criteria. Sixty‐seven patients with foot burns during the same period were selected as the control group. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria on the ulcer surface was examined using fully automated bacterial analyzer. The expression of inflammatory factors (procalcitonin [PCT], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]) was valued by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR). Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation was analyzed by Pearson. Results The surface infection of DFU patients was mostly induced by gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominating among the Gram‐negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus among the gram‐positive bacteria. The infection stage group had higher content of PCT, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 and lower content of Beclin‐1 and LC3 than the infection control group (p

Abstract A 67‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed an elevated rectal lesion (10 mm in size) with a central depression. A rod‐like object was noted in the center of the lesion. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging showed obscure surface structures and dilated vessels. Magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining showed that the pit pattern had disappeared. These endoscopic findings suggested that the lesion was comprised of granulation tissue. A detailed medical history revealed that she had undergone a total hysterectomy with mesh placement for bladder prolapse. We reasoned that the mesh used during pelvic surgery might have penetrated the rectum. She underwent subsequent surgery to remove the mesh. Although most foreign bodies in the rectum are swallowed or self‐inserted, pelvic surgery is another source of foreign bodies in the rectum.

Abstract Background Chronic non-healing wounds pose a global health challenge. Under optimized conditions, skin wounds heal by the formation of scar tissue. However, deregulated cell activation leads to persistent inflammation and the formation of granulation tissue, a type of premature scar tissue without epithelialization. Regenerative cells from the wound periphery contribute to the healing process, but little is known about their cellular fate in an inflammatory, macrophage-dominated wound microenvironment. Methods We examined CD45−/CD31−/CD34+ preadipocytes and CD68+ macrophages in human granulation tissue from pressure ulcers (n=6) using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. In vitro, we studied macrophage-preadipocyte interactions using primary human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exposed to conditioned medium harvested from IFNG/LPS (M1)- or IL4/IL13 (M2)-activated macrophages. Macrophages were derived from THP1 cells or CD14+ monocytes. In addition to confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, ASCs were analyzed for metabolic (OXPHOS, glycolysis), morphological (cytoskeleton), and mitochondrial (ATP production, membrane potential) changes. Angiogenic properties of ASCs were determined by HUVEC-based angiogenesis assay. Protein and mRNA levels were assessed by immunoblotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Results CD45−/CD31−/CD34+ preadipocytes were observed with a prevalence of up to 1.5% of total viable cells in human granulation tissue. Immunofluorescence staining suggested a spatial proximity of these cells to CD68+ macrophages in vivo. In vitro, ASCs exposed to M1, but not to M2 macrophage secretome showed a pro-fibrotic response characterized by stress fiber formation, elevated alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA), and increased expression of integrins ITGA5 and ITGAV. Macrophage-secreted IL1B and TGFB1 mediated this response via the PI3K/AKT and p38-MAPK pathways. In addition, ASCs exposed to M1-inflammatory stress demonstrated reduced migration, switched to a glycolysis-dominated metabolism with reduced ATP production, and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1B, IL8, and MCP1. Notably, M1 but not M2 macrophages enhanced the angiogenic potential of ASCs. Conclusion Preadipocyte fate in wound tissue is influenced by macrophage polarization. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce a pro-fibrotic response in ASCs through IL1B and TGFB1 signaling, while anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages have limited effects. These findings shed light on cellular interactions in chronic wounds and provide important information for the potential therapeutic use of ASCs in human wound healing.

Attempts to minimize scarring remain among the most difficult challenges facing surgeons, despite the use of optimal wound closure techniques. Previously, we reported improved healing of dermal excisional wounds in circadian clock neuronal PAS domain 2 (Npas2)-null mice. In this study, we performed high-throughput drug screening to identify a compound that downregulates Npas2 activity. The hit compound (Dwn1) suppressed circadian Npas2 expression, increased murine dermal fibroblast cell migration, and decreased collagen synthesis in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, Dwn1 was topically applied to iatrogenic full-thickness dorsal cutaneous wounds in a murine model. The Dwn1-treated dermal wounds healed faster with favorable mechanical strength and developed less granulation tissue than the controls. The expression of type I collagen, Tgfβ1, and α-smooth muscle actin was significantly decreased in Dwn1-treated wounds, suggesting that hypertrophic scarring and myofibroblast differentiation are attenuated by Dwn1 treatment. NPAS2 may represent an important target for therapeutic approaches to optimal surgical wound management.

This article discusses a case of blackhead disease, also known as histomonosis, in a peafowl. The peafowl exhibited weight loss and was found to have a dilated cecum filled with a white caseous material and feces. Cytologic evaluation revealed a protozoal infection, likely Histomonas meleagridis, as well as nematodes. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of blackhead disease, with transmural ulcerative to granulomatous typhlitis. The article provides information on the transmission, clinical signs, and diagnostic methods for histomonosis, emphasizing the importance of environmental prevention and separate rearing of turkeys and chickens. [Extracted from the article]

Lacrimal bypass tubes create a fistula from the conjunctiva to the lacrimal sac or the nasal cavity. Fluoroscopic nonoperative placement of a plastic stent has shown successful results in the treatment of epiphora. Polyurethane lacrimal stents have been reported as a safe, easy, non-surgical treatment in the treatment of distal lacrimal obstruction. Recurrence due to stent occlusion of the granulation tissue is common. Stent displacement is very rare. We presented the first case of the stent protruded into the mouth in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Anastomotic stenosis caused by hypertrophic granulation tissue often develops in response to orthotopically implanted bioengineered tracheal grafts. To determine mechanisms responsible for the development and persistence of this granulation tissue, we looked for changes in gene expression from tissue specimens from the graft-native interface. Methods: RNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue samples of the anastomotic sites of orthotopically implanted bioengineered tracheal grafts of 9 animals. Tissue samples were binned into 3 groups based on degree of stenosis: no stenosis (

The diabetic foot ulcer is the precursor for diabetic foot and it is the most common sequel that occurs following any trauma or infection in a diabetic individual. The diabetic foot ulcers most commonly occur at the distal ends of the extremities because this is the area with the vascularity is the least as a result of microangiopathy that has occurs in in diabetes mellitus. The study was started after the ethical clearance was secured from the institution's ethical clearance committee. Following this the patients who came to the surgical outpatient department and the subspecialties of surgery that dealt with diabetic foot ulcers where well explained regarding the study. After they give informed consent to participate in the study, a thorough physical examination and history was taken based on a pre-defined questionnaire that was semi felt field. We noted that when insulin was used it reduced the size of the wound at a faster rate as compared to the conventional normal saline dressings. Also the quality of granulation tissue and the per cent reduction of the ulcer size was far better in the insulin group. We did not note any adverse effects as a result of insulin use in the test group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to assess the laryngotracheal damage caused by endotracheal intubation. Methods: A 15-month prospective research was carried out at the Department of General Surgery and Anaesthesiology, SCB Medical college and Hospital, Cuttack. This research comprised 50 patients who had been intubated for more than 48 hours, were admitted to a medical ICU, and were above the age of 15. To determine the frequency, kinds of damage, and variables affecting LTI after intubation. RESULTS The 50 participants ranged in age from 15 to 70 years old, with 32 men and 18 girls. Most patients (70%) were between the ages of 15 and 29. of 84% of cases, endotracheal tubes of sizes 7.5 and 8 were utilised. Most of the patients (52%) had OP poisoning, followed by metabolic illnesses such as diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic renal disease with encephalopathy. Three-quarters of the patients were intubated for more than ten days. The x-ray was normal in 36 individuals (72%), whereas the abnormality was detected in 14 patients (28%). Four patients (8%) developed granulation tissue in the posterior commissure on 70-degree endoscope, and one patient had bilateral vocal cord fixation. All of the patients with LTI were under the age of 45, and 16 of the 20 instances were men. 16 (80%) of the 20 LTI patients were intubated with endotracheal tubes larger than size 7. 12 (60%) of the total LTI cases were intubated for more than 10 days. In 16 instances (80%), OP poisoning was the cause of LTI. Conclusion: The high prevalence of LTI, particularly in instances of OP poisoning, necessitates caution in handling these intubated patients. In addition to employing low pressure, high volume cuffed tubes, patients who need extended intubation should be examined for additional alternative airway managements such as tracheostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the prevalence of juvenile-onset obesity rises globally, the multitude of related health consequences gain significant importance. In this context, obesity is associated with impaired cutaneous wound healing. In experimental settings, mice are the most frequently used model for investigating the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) chow on wound healing in wild-type or genetically manipulated animals, e.g., diabetic ob/ob and db/db mice. However, these studies have mainly been performed on adult animals. Thus, in the present study, we introduced a mouse model for a juvenile onset of obesity. We exposed 4-week-old mice to an investigational feeding period of 9 weeks with an HFD compared to a regular diet (RD). At a mouse age of 13 weeks, we performed excisional and incisional wounding and measured the healing rate. Wound healing was examined by serial photographs with daily wound size measurements of the excisional wounds. Histology from incisional wounds was performed to quantify granulation tissue (thickness, quality) and angiogenesis (number of blood vessels per mm2). The expression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen types I/III/IV, fibronectin 1, elastin), inflammatory cytokines (MIF, MIF-2, IL-6, TNF-α), myofibroblast differentiation (α-SMA) and macrophage polarization (CD11c, CD301b) in the incisional wounds were evaluated by RT-qPCR and by immunohistochemistry. There was a marked delay of wound closure in the HFD group with a decrease in granulation tissue quality and thickness. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines (MIF, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly up-regulated in HFD- when compared to RD-fed mice measured at day 3. By contrast, MIF-2 and blood vessel expression were significantly reduced in the HFD animals, starting at day 1. No significant changes were observed in macrophage polarization, collagen expression, and levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-A. Our findings support that an early exposition to HFD resulted in juvenile obesity in mice with impaired wound repair mechanisms, which may be used as a murine model for obesity-related studies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocompatible chitosan‐based hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in wound dressing due to their human skin‐like tissue characteristics. However, it is a crucial challenge to fabricate chitosan‐based hydrogels with versatile properties, including flexibility, stretchability, adhesivity, and antibacterial activity. In this work, a kind of chitosan‐based hydrogels with integrated functionalities are facilely prepared by solution polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and sodium p‐styrene sulfonate (SS) in the presence of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMCS). Due to the dual cross‐linking between QCMCS and P(AAm‐co‐SS), the optimized QCMCS/P(AAm‐co‐SS) hydrogel exhibits tough mechanical properties (0.767 MPa tensile stress and 1100% fracture strain) and moderate tissue adhesion (11.4 kPa). Moreover, biological evaluation in vitro illustrated that as‐prepared hydrogel possesses satisfactory biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and excellent antibacterial ability (against S. aureus and E. coli are 98.8% and 97.3%, respectively). Then, the hydrogels are tested in a rat model for bacterial infection incision in vivo, and the results show that they can significantly accelerate epidermal regeneration and wound closure. This is due to their ability to reduce the inflammatory response, promote the formation of collagen deposition and granulation tissue. The proposed chitosan‐based antibacterial hydrogels have the potential to be a highly effective wound dressing in clinical wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cannabis sativa L. essential oil accelerates the wound healing process. • Cannabis sativa L. essential oil reduced inflammation after wound injury. • Incisional wounds disrupt behavioral function. • Cannabis sativa L. essential oil restores behavioral function. Cannabis Sativa L. (Cannabaceae) exerts biological effects through its bioactive compounds. Cannabis Sativa L. essential oil (CSEO) is known to have antibacterial properties that can accelerate wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the wound healing efficacy of freshly extracted essential oils from Cannabis Sativa L. hydrodistillated from the leaves of the plant. CSEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Neurobehavioral, histological, and biochemical analyses were performed to examine the effects of CSEO application in an incisional wound model. CSEO demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by reducing neutrophil levels in blood and skin tissue. CSEO acts by accelerating re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Furthermore, CSEO restored incision-induced neurobehavioral changes by reducing cortisol levels. Increased cortisol levels are associated with inhibition of the healing process, anxiolytic effects, and increased vertical locomotor activity in treated animals. The effect of CSEO in the healing process makes it worthy of recommendation as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin wounds. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a well-established method to promote wound healing by delivering negative pressure (a vacuum) at the wound site. Enhancement of NPWT techniques may allow an innovative way of treating trauma and orthopaedic wounds which provide unique challenges. We explore the role of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d-) in the management of trauma and orthopaedic wounds. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library with the search words of 'NPWTid' or 'NPWTi-d-' or 'NPWT with instillation' or 'Negative pressure wound treatment with instillation' to generate this narrative review. The mechanism of action of NPWTi-d-, installation solutions and current applications in the trauma and orthopaedic wounds is evaluated. Results: NPWTi-d- provides additional mechanism to promote wound healing in a spectrum of acute and chronic orthopaedic wounds. The technique allows local delivery of hydration and elution of antibiotics to support growth of healthy granulation tissue. Various mechanism of actions contribute in drawing the wound edges together, reduce oedema, help decontamination, deliver local antibiotic and promote healing. Conclusion: NPWTi-d- permits an enhanced, supplementary technique to encourage wound healing in challenging traumatic and orthopaedic wounds. Future applications of NPWTi-d- will depend on cost-effectiveness analysis and development of its application guidelines based on longitudinal, randomized controlled research trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes and hyaluronic acid influence tissue regeneration and may be used as an alternative to more conventional wound treatment methods. This study compared how well hyaluronic acid from the human umbilical cord and exosomes from fibroblast cells heal burn wounds in a preclinical model. Ninety-six male Westar rats were used and allocated into four groups: The treatment group received 10% hyaluronic acid (HA); the treatment group received 300 l of exosome solution (EX); the treatment group received phenytoin (PC); the negative control group received no treatment (NC). The wound healing process was evaluated after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Histopathological analysis was done on the skin biopsy taken from the wounds. Re-epithelialization, inflammatory cells (PMNs), lymphocytes (LYMs), granulation tissue, collagen maturation (fibrosis), and eschar formation parameters were assessed for histopathological evaluation. On a scale from 0 to 4, each parameter received a score. Compared to the PC and NC groups, the median score for re-epithelialization was greater in the HA and EX groups (P < 0.05). At three days, PMN abundance distinguished the PC and NC groups from the HA and EX groups (P < 0.01). Compared to the PC and NC groups, the HA and EX groups had a lower median LYM score (P < 0.01). We found no statistical difference between the four groups for granulation tissue and fibrosis (P > 0.05). The EX group had a lower average score for eschar formation than the PC, NC, and HA groups (P < 0.01). The HA and EX groups demonstrated faster healing in the clinical and microscopic examinations than the NC and PC groups. The results showed that hyaluronic acid and exosomes improved wound healing. Also, the study demonstrated that hyaluronic acid has better effects in the re-epithelization. The exosome was more effective than HA in eschar formation. Both compounds were more influential in the PMNs and LYMs parameters than other groups. The combination of both compounds should be assessed further to achieve better therapeutic effects on wound healing. • Isolation HA and EX of Human origin. • The EX and HA groups superior accelerated healing process. • HA has better effects in the re-epithelization. • The EX was more effective than HA in crust formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard-to-heal wounds can be detrimental to patients' quality of life. Currently, there is scarcity of therapeutic alternatives to mainstay surgical treatment, which uses the principles of tissue debridement, temporary wound coverage, and subsequent tissue reconstruction. Here, a new approach is proposed that harnesses the regenerative power of autologous peripheral blood, through a process termed hypoxia-adjusted in vitro preconditioning. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated with six cases of surgical wounds, including two cases of large full-thickness dermal wounds that developed as a result of skin necrosis following abdominoplasty and buttock-lift procedures in heavy smokers, as well as a case of extensive inflammatory tissue damage that occurred following breast surgery. While these wounds differed in size (4-160 cm²), geometry and location, all of them could be managed conservatively with topical application of growth factor-enriched hypoxia preconditioned serum derived from the patient's own peripheral blood. This treatment led to complete wound closure by latest 135 days. The finding of complete skin regeneration even in large (>10 cm²), full-thickness wounds, where initially no dermal tissue was available in the wound bed, strongly suggests that the treatment targeted key cellular regenerative mechanisms, including differentiation, angiogenesis, granulation tissue induction, contraction and epithelialization. The method is readily clinically applicable, cost effective, and overcomes limitations of the classic reconstructive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of the comparative study was to evaluate the clinical parameters affecting healing after surgical excision of superficial, potentially malignant oral lesions using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Collagen Membrane. Material and methods: A total of 100 patients requiring treatment for oral mucosal lesions (OML) were enrolled through a randomized selection of two different groups, where Group 1 (50 patients) received PRF while Group 2 (50 patients) received Collagen membrane following excisional biopsy. Parameters checked were Pain, Clinical Healing, Granulation Tissue, Epithelialization, Wound Contracture, and Complications postoperatively at 3rd, 7th and 30th day. Results: Group 1 showed better results with post-operative pain, clinical healing and granulation presence when compared to Group 2. Conclusion: PRF can be ascertained as a better dressing material than Collagen Membrane with better healing potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic wounds are wounds that are not healed or have no healing tendency for more than 1 month due to various factors. In clinical nursing, chronic wounds are often not properly treated, and the treatment efficiency is low. Therefore, it is very important to explore effective methods to deal with chronic wounds. Objective: To explore the effect of a self‐made negative pressure suction device (NPSD) in the nursing of chronic wounds in the elderly. Methods: A total of 50 elderly patients with chronic wounds who were hospitalised in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as participants by convenient sampling. According to the random number table method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 25 people in each group. The control group was treated with chloroplast foam dressing, debridement gel and alginate dressing. The observation group was treated with a self‐made NPSD on the basis of the control group. The wound healing of the two groups was observed. Results: After the intervention of the self‐made NPSD, the granulation tissue coverage rate and wound volume reduction rate of the observation group were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the positive rate of bacterial infection was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 3.869, p = 0.0492). Conclusion: The self‐made NPSD can effectively promote the healing of a chronic wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of policresulen for the treatment of hypergranulation. Method: This was a retrospective study of patients with percutaneous catheters. Inpatients from two hospitals and those from outpatient clinics were included. Approximately 2ml of 50% policresulen solution was applied to hypergranulation tissue, which was then immediately pressed with gauze for 1–3 minutes using light pressure. When haemostasis was achieved and the granulation tissue size decreased, the procedure was terminated. Results: A total of eight patients (four females and four males) were included in this study. Effective haemostasis was achieved in all patients. The size of the hypergranulation tissue decreased with policresulen treatment, and resolved completely in one patient. There were no complications. Hypergranulation tissue recurred in one patient. Haemostasis was successfully achieved after repeated procedures. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed policresulen to be an inexpensive, easy treatment for hypergranulation at catheter insertion sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The quest for an ideal wound dressing has been a longstanding challenge due to the complex nature of wound healing, including stages of haemostasis, inflammation, maturation and remodelling, with overlapping timelines. This makes it difficult to find a single dressing that optimally supports all phases of wound healing. In addition, the ideal wound dressing should possess antibacterial properties and be capable of effectively debriding and lysing necrotic tissue. Copper is an essential trace element that participates in many of the key physiological wound healing processes. Method: Copper stimulates secretion of various cytokines and growth factors, thus promoting angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, extracellular matrix proteins secretion and re-epithelialisation. Harnessing this knowledge, we have used copper oxide-impregnated wound dressings in numerous cases and observed their benefits throughout the entire wound healing process. Results: This led us to postulate the 'continuum of care' hypothesis of copper dressings. In this study we describe four cases of hard-to-heal wounds of various aetiologies, in which we applied copper dressings consistently across all stages of wound healing, with rapid uneventful healing. Conclusion: We believe we have successfully implemented the continuum of care principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of malignant external otitis (MEO) cases reported in the literature are attributed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal infections in MEO are also likely but extremely rare. And conventional microbiology tests is difficult to diagnose. Case description: Two patients were diagnosed with Fungal malignant external otitis (FMEO) due to Aspergillus by metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) and recovered after comprehensive treatment including operation and voriconazole. The antifungal treatment was delayed due to repeated cultures of secretions being negative and pathological examination showed granulation tissue proliferation with extensive neutrophil infiltration. Conclusion: mNGS might be helpful for patients suspected with FMEO, especially when conventional microbiology tests were negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high recurrence and complications associated with severe pressure injuries (PI) necessitate the exploration of advanced treatments, such as cell-based therapies, to facilitate wound healing. Such techniques harness the ability of different cell types to promote angiogenesis, re-epithelialization of the skin, and tissue regeneration. This systematic review explores the efficacy of cell-based therapies and tissue engineering in treating deep PI. We searched for interventional studies using cells in the treatment of PI in adults in four online libraries (PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane; latest search 10th June 2023). We found one randomized clinical trial (RCT), two non-RCT, and three pre-post studies, comprising 481 study participants with PI (253 intervention/228 controls). The risk of bias was categorized as moderate due to minimal bias in outcome measurements, or high owing to unclear patient randomization methods, as assessed by the ROBINS-I, NIH, and RoB-2 tools. Four cell types were identified in the context of cell-based therapies of PI: bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BM-MNCs, n = 2); hematopoietic derived stem cells (HSC, n = 1); macrophages and activated macrophage suspensions (AMS, n = 2); and cryopreserved placental membrane containing viable cells (vCPM, n = 1). Wound healing outcomes were observed in patients undergoing cell-based therapies, including complete wound closure (AMS, vCPM; n = 142), faster healing rate (BM-MNCs, AMS; n = 146), improved granulation tissue formation (HSC, n = 3) and shorter hospitalization time (BM-MNCs; n = 108) compared to standard of care, with no adverse reactions. PI healing rate decreased only in one study with BM-MNC therapy, compared to control (n = 86). Based on the available data, though with limited evidence, it seems that macrophage deployment showed the most favorable outcomes. The results indicate that cell-based therapies offer a potential avenue for enhancing wound healing and tissue repair in PI; however, more extensive research is needed in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic inflammation causes bone destruction in middle ear cholesteatomas (MECs). However, the causes of their neoplastic features remain unknown. The present study demonstrated for the first time that neoplastic features of MEC are based on proto-oncogene mutations. Results: DNA was extracted from MEC and blood samples of five patients to detect somatic mutations using depth-depth exome sequencing. Exons with somatic variants were analyzed using an additional 17 MEC/blood test pairs. Variants detected in MECs but not in blood were considered pathogenic variant candidates. We analyzed the correlation between proto-oncogene (NOTCH1 and MYC) variants and the presence of bone destruction and granulation tissue formation. MYC and NOTCH1 variants were detected in two and five of the 22 samples, respectively. Two of the NOTCH1 variants were located in its specific functional domain, one was truncating and the other was a splice donor site variant. Mutations of the two genes in attic cholesteatomas (n = 14) were significantly related with bone destruction (p = 0.0148) but not with granulation tissue formation (p = 0.399). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between neoplastic features of MEC and proto-oncogene mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An ingrown nail (IN—ingrowing nail) is a very troublesome condition that mainly affects the big toe in all age groups and involves the ingrowth of part of the nail plate into the soft periungual tissues, causing an inflammatory reaction, pain, and even a bacterial infection. As a result of the evolution of inflammation, highly vascularized and painful granulation tissue is formed, visible in the side walls, which causes difficulties in walking, while reducing the quality of life of patients in everyday functioning. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the VHO-Osthold® Perfect orthonyxic buckle while treating ingrown nails and its effect on the clinical picture of the nail apparatus. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 39 patients with ingrown toenails in Scholz stage 3a–5b who underwent therapy with the use of a VHO-Osthold® Perfect orthonyxic brace. An original questionnaire form was used to assess the therapy, consisting of several parts concerning the type and stage of the ingrown nails, the location and aetiopathogenesis of the ingrown nails, pain, and the patients' life quality before and after therapy. Results: All elements improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.05 each). Twelve months after the end of therapy, none of the probands reported disease relapse. The predominant location of ingrown nails was both big toes (69.2% for each foot). The most common group of reasons was outer pressure—all patients experienced at least one issue, with frequent mechanical injuries being the most common (59.0%), followed by wearing too-small shoes (46.2%). Almost half of the patients declared no worries during treatment (48.7%). Life quality assessment grew from 1.82 ± 1.02 to 6.41 ± 0.72 on a scale from 1 to 7, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The VHO-Osthold® Perfect clamp eliminates pain after application to the ingrown toenail and allows for a safe and conservative approach to the treatment of ingrown toenails, improving the clinical picture of the nail apparatus, general well-being, and the quality of life of patients with advanced ingrown toenails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minor salivary glands can be found in the ventral and anterior part of the tongue; these glands can rarely develop mucoceles that, due to their rarity and their unusual clinical appearance, may present an interesting differential diagnosis. Mucoceles appear as an exophytic, sometimes pedunculated, lesion, which is a feature that is due to the absence of a capsule; thus, the glands are right beneath the mucosa and over the muscle tissue. The aim of this article is to retrospectively present and discuss the anatomy, pathology, clinical features and therapy of several cases of Blandin-Nunh mucoceles collected from two different institutions. Methods: A retrospective case review was carried out in two university institutions, retrieving all cases of tongue mucoceles from 1999 to today. Two oral pathologists reviewed all the slides, confirming the diagnosis. Demographic data of the patient, anatomic location and clinical appearance were retrieved from clinical charts, together with the type of surgical procedure and possible relapses. Results: A total of 240 cases of tongue mucoceles were gathered from the archives: the mean age was 22 years (DS = 14,7; Range 2–83), 126 were females (52,5%, mean age 22,7 years, DS = 16,5; Range 2–83), and 114 were males (47,5%, mean age 20,9 years, DS = 12,4; Range 3–73); in all cases, a history of trauma was reported. The ventral surface was the most frequent location (224 cases – 93,3%), and in the great majority (235 cases – 97,9%), pathology revealed mucous spillage with a wall formed by fibrous connective and granulation tissue with no epithelium lining the cavity. Superficial mucocele and sclerosing sialoadenitis were the more frequent pathological variants (21 cases – 8,8%). All lesions were treated with excision and enucleation of the servicing gland. The healing was uneventful in all cases, but there were four recurrences and two cases of sensory paraesthesia of the border of the tongue, all in males, except one case of paraesthesia in a female. Conclusions: Tongue mucoceles must be differentiated from many benign and malignant lesions. For this reason, surgical removal of the lesion and of the associated gland with a pathological exam is mandatory. In fact, the anatomical location of the glands and the possible pathological variants must be considered to reach a correct diagnosis and diminish possible relapses. Trial registration: CE-Muc_Ton_3/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contact layer of traditional medical dressing is easy to adhere to the new wound granulation tissue, which brings the deficiency of secondary wound injury. This work assumed that low-cost and soft mesh spunlace nonwoven was used as medical dressing contact layer. After micro-nano SiO2 modification, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/n-heptane were uniformly sprayed on the surface of materials. PDMS modification was studied by using the three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment. The results showed that when the PDMS concentration was 1%, the heat treatment temperature and time were 120°C and 12 h respectively, material possessed the optimal hydrophobicity and its water contact angle (CA) was 151.0 ± 1.1°. Meanwhile, the hydrophobicity, microstructure, thermogravimetry, composition, tensile mechanics, adhesion resistance and durability of materials with/without treatment were compared. It was proved that PDMS was indeed grafted onto the material and could effectively improve the hydrophobicity in coordination with micro-nano SiO2 without affecting the mesh structure of material. The machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD) strength of material decreased but the elongation increased slightly. The MD and CD peeling energy was 129.7 ± 33.9 J/m2 and 98.1 ± 38.3 J/m2, respectively. Moreover, the water CA of material modified by micro-nano SiO2/PDMS was still 139.4 ± 1.4° after 10 friction stroke tests, indicating that the modified material possessed the great durability. Overall, this study can provide the research basis for the development of anti-adhesion medical dressing contact layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) can heal a variety of defects within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via applying negative pressure, which reduces the defect size, aspirates the infected fluid, and promotes granulation tissue. Here we present our experience with EVT as it relates to both spontaneous and iatrogenic upper GI tract perforations, leaks, and fistulas. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at four large hospital centers. All patients who underwent EVT between June 2018 and March 2021 were included. Data on multiple variables were collected, including demographics, defect size and location, number and intervals of EVT exchanges, technical success, and hospital length of stay. Student t-test and the chi-squared test were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty patients underwent EVT. The most common defect cause was spontaneous esophageal perforation (50%). The most common defect location was the distal esophagus (55%). The success rate was 80%. Seven patients were treated with EVT as the primary closure method. The mean number of exchanges was five with a mean interval of 4.3 days between exchanges. The mean length of hospital stay was 55.8 days. Conclusions: EVT is a safe and effective initial management option for esophageal leaks and perforations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]