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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_fd_me_botib.pdf: 676910 bytes, checksum: 6d6c9b4d7738938a01e94ca150d37e4a (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A hibridação artificial interespecífica de peixes é utilizada em diversos estabelecimentos voltados à piscicultura no país, com a finalidade de produzir indivíduos mais vantajosos e favoráveis para o cultivo. Porém, devido principalmente às dificuldades encontradas na identificação dos híbridos, esta prática pode determinar o surgimento de sérios problemas como a contaminação genética dos estoques de cultivo, a comercialização de produtos híbridos como espécies puras, a introdução de espécies exóticas e escapes de produtos de piscicultura para o ambiente natural e até eventos de introgressão genética e extinção das espécies nativas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar geneticamente exemplares das linhagens parentais de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (pintado) e Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (cachara) e seus híbridos interespecíficos pintachara (macho de pintado x fêmea de cachara) e cachapinta (fêmea de cachara x macho de pintado), provenientes dos estoques de cultivo do CEPTAlICMBio, Pirassununga, SP, a fim de identificar e estabelecer marcadores genéticos para possibilitar sua identificação e diferenciação. Também foram analisadas geneticamente amostras de P. corruscans e P. reticulatum coletadas no Rio Paraguai, MS (bacia do Paraguai) e de P. corruscans capturados do rio Mogi- Guaçu, SP (bacia do Alto Paraná), a fim de identificar a possível ocorrência de híbridos entre estas espécies na natureza. As análises citogenéticas revelaram um número diploide de 2n=56 cromossomos para ambas as espécies parentais, com cariótipos caracterizados por cromossomos dos tipos 20m+12am+12st+12a e número fundamental (NF) igual a 100, indicando uma fórmula cariotípica conservada entre estas espécies. A análise dos padrões de heterocromatina pelo bandamento C revelou blocos heterocromáticos localizados nas porções... Artificial interspecific hybridization of fish is used in various establishments linked to fish farming in the country, in order to produce individuais more advantageous and favorable for cultivation. However, due mainly to difficulties in the hybrid products identification, this practice may determine the onset of serious problems such as genetic contamination of the breeder stocks, marketing of hybrids as pure species, introduction of exotic species and escapes of farmed products to the natural environment and sometimes leading to events of genetic introgression and extinction of native species. In such context, the present study aimed to analyze genetically copies of the parental lines of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (pintado) and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (cachara) and their interspecific hybrids pintachara (female of pintado x male of cachara) and cachapinta (female of cachara x male of pintado), from the stocks manteined in CEPTAlICMBio, Pirassununga, SP, in order to characterize and establish genetic markers to allow their identification and differentiation. Samples of P. corruscans and P. reticulatum collected in the Paraguay river, MS (Paraguay basin) and P. corruscans captured in Mogi-Guaçu river, SP (Alto Paraná basin), also were genetically analyzed in order to identify the possible occurrence of hybrids between these species in nature. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid number of 2n = 56 chromosomes for both parental species with karyotypes characterized by the formula 20m+12am+12st+12a and fundamental number (NF) of 100, indicating a karyotypic formula conserved among these species. The analysis of the heterochromatin C-banding patterns revealed heterochromatic blocks located in the pericentromeric and terminal portions of some chromosomes, the NOR was sim pie and located in one chromosome pai r and 5S ribosomal genes located on two different subtelocentric... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos At the beginnig of the 60 was concluded the building of the Furnas dam over the Rio Grande, wich belongs to Parana river watershed. When the gates of the hydroelectric were closed, a dike was built to contain the waters of the dam, in order to prevent the flooding of the city of Capitólio MG. However, this dike has dammed the river Piumhi, which, at that time, was an affluent of the Rio Grande. The Piumhi River was then diverted to São Francisco watershed. The present work aimed to characterizing, based on classic and molecular cytogenetic, some species of Siluriforms, actually found in the region of the transposition channel of the Piumhi River, to verify the occurrence of possible interrelationships between faunas of different watersheds, also realizing cytotaxonomic analysis. Were analysed the following species: Imparfinis schubarti with 18m + 34sm + 6st and RON simple interstitial, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi with 28m + 26sm + 4st and RON simple interstitial, Pimelodella vittata with 16m + 22sm + 8st and RON simple terminal, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen with 26m + 16sm + 14st + 2a and RON simple terminal, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen with 28m + 20sm + 10st and RON simple interstitial, Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala 12m + 30sm + 14st and RON simple interstitial, Trichomycterus brasiliensis with 34m + 18sm + 2sm and RON simple interstitial, Pimelodus pohli with 28m + 16sm + 10st +2a with RON simple terminal and Parauchenipterus galeatus with 26m + 16sm + 14st + 8a. Classical and molecular cytogenetic data (rDNA 18S e 5S) obtained to the species Imparfinis schubarti, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Pimelodella vittata, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen and Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala, in comparative analysis with other results available in literature, corroborates with the traditional taxonomic literature of Heptapteridae family, including the formation of subclade Nemuroglanis. The results led to considerations about aspects of the taxonomic species, as well as possible relations of these with the transposition of the river Piumhi. No início dos anos 60 foi concluída a construção da represa de Furnas sobre o rio Grande, bacia do rio Paraná. Quando as comportas da usina hidrelétrica foram fechadas, um dique foi construído para conter as águas da represa, a fim de evitar o alagamento da cidade de Capitólio (MG). Entretanto, esse dique represou as águas do rio Piumhi que, naquela época, era um dos afluentes do rio Grande. O rio Piumhi foi então desviado para a bacia do rio São Francisco. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar, com base na citogenética clássica e molecular, algumas espécies de Siluriformes atualmente encontradas na região do canal de transposição do rio Piumhi, com o intuito de verificar a ocorrência de possíveis inter-relações entre faunas de bacias distintas, além de realizar analises citotaxonômicas. Foram analisadas as espécies: Imparfinis schubarti com 18m + 34 sm + 6st e RON simples intersticial, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi com 28m + 26sm + 4st e RON simples intersticial, Pimelodella vittata com 16m + 22sm + 8st e RON simples terminal, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen com 26m + 16sm + 14st + 2a e RON simples terminal, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen com 28m + 20sm + 10st e RON simples intersticial, Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala 12m + 30sm + 14st e RON simples instersticial, Trichomycterus brasiliensis com 34m + 18sm + 2sm e RON simples instersticial , Pimelodus pohli com 28m + 16sm + 10st + 2a com RON simples terminal e Parauchenipterus galeatus com 26m + 16sm + 14st + 8a. Os dados citogenéticos clássicos e moleculares (rDNA 18S e 5S) obtidos para as espécies Imparfinis schubarti, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Pimelodella vittata, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen e Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala, em análise comparativa com outras resultados disponíveis na literatura, corroboram com a literatura taxonômica tradicional da família Heptapteridae, inclusive com a formação do subclado Nemuroglanis. Os resultados obtidos permitiram tecer considerações sobre aspectos taxonômicos das espécies estudadas, bem como as possíveis relações destas com a transposição do rio Piumhi.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T19:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:03:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:25:51Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Cariótipo e outros marcadores cromossômicos revelados pelo bandamento C e impregnação da prata (Ag) em duas populações de Astyanax bockmanni (córrego Barra Seca e rio Campo Novo) foram examinados. O número cromossômico diploide 2n = 50 e cariótipo quase idênticos são documentados. Bandamento C revelou blocos heterocromáticos na região terminal de alguns cromossomos, com um elevado nível de polimorfismos. A impregnação da prata mostrou variabilidade do número, posição e organização para as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (RONs). Astyanax bockmanni revelou características cromossômicas similares ao complexo "A. scabripinnis" e os mecanismos responsáveis pelo alto nível do polimorfismo foram discutidos. Karyotype and other chromosomal markers as revealed by C-banding and silver (Ag) impregnation in two Astyanax bockmanni populations (Barra Seca Stream and Campo Novo River) were examined. The diploid chromosome number 2n = 50 and nearly identical karyotypes were documented. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks on the terminal regions of some chromosomes, with high frequencies of polymorphisms. The Ag-impregnation showed that the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) varied in number, location and organization. Astyanax bockmanni revealed chromosome characteristics similar those of the species complex A. scabripinnis. Mechanisms that may be responsible for the high degree of polymorphism are discussed. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil

Cytogenetic data are presented for Astyanax altiparanae populations from three Brazilian hydrographic systems. The chromosomal data obtained in A. altiparanae support the hypothesis of diploid number conservation. However, small differences in the karyotype formula and number of nucleolar organizer regions were observed in these populations. The apparent karyotypical similarity among the studied populations strongly suggests a close relationship among them with some chromosomal divergences due to gene flow restriction.

Comparative cytogenetic analyses of hatchetfishes Camegiella marthae and Camegiella strigata (Gasteropelecidae) from the Rio Negro basin were performed using conventional Giemsa staining, silver (Ag)-staining and C-banding. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species equaled 2n = 50 but their karyotypes were distinct. We found evidence for sex chromosomes in C. marthae since karyotype of males presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZZ ST chromosomes while the females presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZW ST chromosomes of distinct size. Conversely, C. strigata presented 4 M + 4 SM + 2 ST + 40 A chromosomes without sex chromosome heteromorphism. Karyotypes of both species had two NOR-bearing SM chromosomes of distinct size indicating the presence of multiple NOR phenotypes. The sex chromosome pair had specific C-banding pattern allowing identification of both Z and W. This heteromorphic system has previously been described for the gasteropelecids. Copyright © 2008, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200021.pdf: 91989 bytes, checksum: a40dc7468d9ee1b5295454cbed303ce7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200021.pdf: 91989 bytes, checksum: a40dc7468d9ee1b5295454cbed303ce7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200021.pdf: 91989 bytes, checksum: a40dc7468d9ee1b5295454cbed303ce7 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200021.pdf.txt: 14297 bytes, checksum: ee686af8681abe16082490d4c18a856d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:25:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200021.pdf: 91989 bytes, checksum: a40dc7468d9ee1b5295454cbed303ce7 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200021.pdf.txt: 14297 bytes, checksum: ee686af8681abe16082490d4c18a856d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200021.pdf: 91989 bytes, checksum: a40dc7468d9ee1b5295454cbed303ce7 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200021.pdf.txt: 14297 bytes, checksum: ee686af8681abe16082490d4c18a856d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Several species of the genus Astyanax have already been genetically studied, and B-chromosomes have been considered to be an interesting feature in some species of this group. In the present paper we report, for the first time, the occurrence of a B microchromosome in a natural population of A. altiparanae. This additional genomic element was identified as an acrocentric chromosome, similar in size to the smallest chromosomal pairs of the standard karyotype. Analysis of the constitutive heterochromatin pattern by C-banding evidenced heterochromatic blocks located on centromeric, pericentromeric, and interstitial regions of some chromosomes, and also positive marks in a subtelocentric chromosomal pair that presented the short arms entirely heterochromatic. The application of this methodology also revealed a heterochromatic pattern in the extra chromosome, a typical feature of supernumerary chromosomes. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia

We used differential staining techniques (BSG, GTG, AgNO3, DAPI and CMA3 banding) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S probes to investigated the karyotypic and cytogenetic chracteristics of Prochilodus lineatus specimens from a population in Vila Velha state park (Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Parana state, southern Brazil). The specimens studied showed the same karyotype as that found in other P. lineatus populations, i.e. 2n = 54 biarmed chromosomes (40m + 14 sm) and c-positive heterochromatin preferentially located pericentromerically in all chromosomes. The presence of partial or totally heterochromatic supernumerary chromosomes with numeric intra-individual variation was confirmed in the analyzed population. The nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were interstitially situated on the long arm of chromosome pair 4 directly beneath the centromere. The differential banding techniques and FISH revealed NOR size polymorphism due to structural events such as breaks and duplication of the larger rDNA site cluster. We also observed syntenic localization of the 5S ribosomal genes in the distal segment of the 45S cluster.

Karyotypes and other chromosomal markers were investigated in three species of the catfish genus Pimelodus, namely P. fur, P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., from municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using differential staining techniques (C-banding, Silver nitrate and CMA3 staining). The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 56 in P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., while in P. fur 2n = 54. The karyotype of P. fur consisted in 32M + 8SM + 6ST + 8A with fundamental number (NF) of 100, that of P. maculatus 32M + 12SM + 12A with NF = 112, and that of Pimelodus sp. had 32M + 12Sm + 6ST + 6A with NF = 106.The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in all three species were invariably detected in telomeres of longer arm of the 20th chromosome pair. These sites were also positive after CMA3 and C-banding. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected and C-banding pattern was species specific. Inferences about the karyotype differentiation in Pimelodus and putative chromosomal rearrangements are hypohesized. Cariótipos e outros marcadores cromossômicos de três espécies do gênero Pimelodus denominadas, P. fur, P. maculatus e Pimelodus sp., do município de Três Marias, Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram analisados utilizando técnicas de coloração diferenciais (Bandamento C, coloração por nitrato de prata e CMA3). O número diplóide observado foi 2n = 56 em P. maculatus e Pimelodus sp., enquanto em P. fur 2n = 54. O cariótipo de P. fur consistiu em 32M + 8SM + 6ST + 8A com número fundamental (NF) igual a 100, o de P. maculatus 32M + 12SM + 12A com NF = 112, e o de Pimelodus sp. possuía 32M + 12Sm + 6ST + 6A com NF = 106. As regiões organizadoras nucleolares (RONs) foram detectadas invariavelmente, para as três espécies, na região telomérica do braço longo do 20º par cromossômico, estas se mostraram positivamente coradas pela CMA3 e heterocromáticas. Nenhuma diferença cromossômica entre os sexos foi detectada e o padrão de bandamento C foi espécie-específico Inferências sobre a evolução cariotípica dentro do gênero Pimelodus e os possíveis rearranjos cromossômicos envolvidos neste processo são discutidos.

The number and distribution of the 18S–28S and 5S rRNA (rDNA) gene sequences were examined on mitotic chromosomes of six sturgeon species by two-colour in situ hybridization. Four of the six species, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus, Acipenser sturio, and Acipenser ruthenus, with about 120 chromosomes, showed from six to eight 18S–28S rDNA signals, while 5S rDNA signals were on only one chromosome pair. The two species with 250–270 chromosomes, Acipenser baerii and Acipenser transmontanus, showed from 10 to 12 18S–28S sites and two chromosome pairs bearing 5S rDNA signals. In all examined species, the rather intense 5S rDNA signals apparently overlapped those of 18S–28S rDNA. These data support the diploid–tetraploid relationships between the two chromosome groups of sturgeons. The close association between the two rDNA families in species belonging to an ancestral fish order, such as Acipenseriformes, supports the hypothesis that the association represents a primitive condition.Key words: Acipenseriformes, FISH, fish cytogenetics, ribosomal genes.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-12-01 The mitotic chromosomes, nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), C-banding pattern and nuclear DNA content of Mastacembelus armatus were studied. The karyotype (2n = 48; 10m + 6sm + 4st + 28a) was characterized by the presence of one chromosome pair with NORs and a small quantity of heterochromatin. The DNA content observed in erythrocyte nuclei of M. armatus was 1.39 ± 0.08 pg. Comparison of this karyotype with those of other Synbranchiformes revealed a strong similarity, suggesting that small chromosome rearrangements may have been maintained during its evolutionary history. Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Campus de Botucatu, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade de Marília, Marília, SP Museu de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-01-01 The cytogenetic analysis of 21 specimens of Imparfinis mirini showed the presence of 2n = 58 chromosomes in animals of both sexes. The basic karyotype consists of 22 metacentric and 34 submetacentric chromosomes plus one homomorphic pair (M/M) in males and one heteromorphic pair (M/SM) in females. Ag-NORs were located interstitially on the long arms of the largest metacentric pair and differences were frequently found concerning NOR size in the homologues. I. mirini presents a relatively large quantity of constitutive heterochromatin located in pericentromeric, interstitial and telomeric positions in several chromosome pairs. The occurrence of a heteromorphic chromosome pair in females was demonstrable by the presence of one extra C-banded segment added to the long arm of the W chromosome. The occurrence of detectable heteromorphism involving the sex chromosomes among fishes is discussed. Departamento de Morfologia Institute de Biociências Câmpus de Botucatu, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP

Background In the present study, conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies were performed in the naked catfish Mystus bocourti (Siluriformes, Bagridae). Besides the conventional Giemsa staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using nine classes of repetitive DNAs namely 5S and 18S rDNAs, U2 snRNA, the microsatellites (CA)15 and (GA)15, telomeric repeats, and the retrotransposable elements Rex1, 3 and 6. was also performed. Results M. bocourti had 2n = 56 chromosomes with a karyotype composed by 11 m + 11 sm + 6 st/a and a fundamental number (NF) equal to 100 in both sexes. Heteromorphic sex chromosome cannot be identified. The U2 snRNA, 5S and 18S rDNA were present in only one pair of chromosomes but none of them in a syntenic position. Microsatellites (CA)15 and (GA)15 showed hybridization signals at subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes with a stronger accumulation into one specific chromosomal pair. FISH with the telomeric probe revealed hybridization signals on each telomere of all chromosomes and interstitial telomeric sites (ITS) were not detected. The retrotransposable elements Rex1, 3 and 6 were generally spread throughout the genome. Conclusions In general, the repetitive sequences were not randomly distributed in the genome, suggesting a pattern of compartmentalization on the heterochromatic region of the chromosomes. Little is known about the structure and organization of bagrid genomes and the knowledge of the chromosomal distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in M. bocourti represents the first step for achieving an integrated view of their genomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-01-01 The occurrence of natural triploidy in two specimens of Astyanax scabripinnis collected in the Araquá river and in the Córrego das Pedras stream, respectively, is noticed. The triploid specimen from the Araquá river presented one macro B-chromosome and the triploid specimen from Córrego das Pedras stream presented two macro B-chromosomes. The C-banding performed in the specimen from the Araquá river confirmed the triploidy and showed that the macro B-chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. Ag-NOR characterization showed two chromosomes involved in the nucleolar activity in both specimens. Some aspects related to the origin of triploid fishes are described. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000 Departamento de Biologia Geral Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000

The chromosomal characteristics, locations and variations of the C-band positive heterochromatin and telomeric DNA sequences were studied in the European grayling karyotype (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae) using conventional C-banding, endonucleases digestion banding, silver nitrate (AgNO3), chromomycin A(3) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining techniques as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and primed in situ labelling. Original data on the chromosomal distribution of segments resistant to AluI restriction endonuclease and identification of the C-banded heterochromatin presented here have been used to characterize the grayling karyotype polymorphism. Structural and length polymorphism of the chromosome 21 showing a conspicuous heterochromatin block adjacent to the centromere seems to be the result of the deletion and inversion. Two pairs of nuclear organizer regions (NOR)-bearing chromosomes were found to be polymorphic in size and displaying several distinct forms. FISH with telomeric peptide nucleic acid probe enabled recognition of the conservative telomeric DNA sequences. The karyotype of the thymallid fish is thought to experienced numerous pericentric inversions and internal telomeric sites (ITSs) observed at the pericentromeric regions of the six European grayling metacentric chromosomes are likely relics of the these rearrangements. None of the ITS sites matched either chromosome 21 or NOR bearing chromosomes. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland (0804.0809) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background The Erythrinidae fish family contains three genera, Hoplias, Erythrinus and Hoplerythrinus widely distributed in Neotropical region. Remarkably, species from this family are characterized by an extensive karyotype diversity, with 2n ranging from 39 to 54 chromosomes and the occurrence of single and/or multiple sex chromosome systems in some species. However, inside the Hoplias genus, while H. malabaricus was subject of many studies, the cytogenetics of other congeneric species remains poorly explored. In this study, we have investigated chromosomal characteristics of four Hoplias species, namely H. lacerdae, H. brasiliensis, H. intermedius and H. aimara. We used conventional staining techniques (C-banding, Ag-impregnation and CMA3 -fluorescence) as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with minor and major rDNA and microsatellite DNAs as probes in order to analyze the karyotype evolution within the genus. Results All species showed invariably 2n = 50 chromosomes and practically identical karyotypes dominated only by meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, the absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, similar pattern of C-positive heterochromatin blocks and homologous Ag-NOR-bearing pairs. The cytogenetic mapping of five repetitive DNA sequences revealed some particular interspecific differences between them. However, the examined chromosomal characteristics indicate that their speciation was not associated with major changes in their karyotypes. Conclusion Such conserved karyotypes contrasts with the extensive karyotype diversity that has been observed in other Erythrinidae species, particularly in the congeneric species H. malabaricus. Nevertheless, what forces drive such particularly different modes of karyotype evolution among closely related species? Different life styles, population structure and inner chromosomal characteristics related to similar cases in other vertebrate groups can also account for the contrasting modes of karyotype evolution in Hoplias genus.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572007000100007.pdf: 242354 bytes, checksum: 8cc5b608b78e861c53971299922ca8b9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572007000100007.pdf: 242354 bytes, checksum: 8cc5b608b78e861c53971299922ca8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572007000100007.pdf: 242354 bytes, checksum: 8cc5b608b78e861c53971299922ca8b9 (MD5) S1415-47572007000100007.pdf.txt: 20161 bytes, checksum: 4294adb4d48f6995283479d2145e138b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572007000100007.pdf: 242354 bytes, checksum: 8cc5b608b78e861c53971299922ca8b9 (MD5) S1415-47572007000100007.pdf.txt: 20161 bytes, checksum: 4294adb4d48f6995283479d2145e138b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572007000100007.pdf: 242354 bytes, checksum: 8cc5b608b78e861c53971299922ca8b9 (MD5) S1415-47572007000100007.pdf.txt: 20161 bytes, checksum: 4294adb4d48f6995283479d2145e138b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of the characid fish Triportheus venezuelensis were investigated using differential staining techniques (C-banding, Ag-NOR staining) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with an 18S rDNA probe. The diploid chromosome number (2n = 52), karyotype composition and sex chromosome determination system of the ZZ/ZW type were the same as previously described in other species of the genus Triportheus. However, extensive variation regarding nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) different from other species was observed. 18S rDNA sequences were distributed on nine chromosome pairs, but the number of chromosomes with Ag-NORs was usually lower, reaching a maximum of four chromosomes. When sequential staining experiments were performed, it was demonstrated that: 1.) active NORs usually corresponded to segments with 18S rDNA genes identified in FISH experiments; 2.) several 18S rDNA sequences were not silver-stained, suggesting that they do not correspond to active NORs; and 3.) some chromosomes with silver-stained regions did not display any 18S rDNA signals. These findings characterize an extensive polymorphism associated with the NOR-bearing chromosomes of T. venezuelensis and emphasize the importance of combining traditional and molecular techniques in chromosome studies. Universidad de Oriente Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia Universidad de Oriente Instituto Limnológico Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia