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DOI: http://doi.org/10.26333/sts.xxxiii1.08 Lexical concepts (i.e. semantic units conventionally associated with linguistic forms) are viewed in the article as structures consisting of interrelated facets (i.e. conceptual slots filled with various types of information about the referent) with different structural weight. The paper suggests a way to model the graded structure of lexical concepts by assessing the weight of each constituting facet according to its relevance for defining purposes, frequency of contextual profiling and salience in derivation processes. Thus, the approach taken exploits as many linguistic points of access to the concept as possible and uses three different dimensions to range its facets. The suggested idea is verified with a case study of some common lexical concepts in English (e.g. represented by concrete nouns such as “bird”, “tree”, etc.), which reveals both the advantages and the limitations of the approach taken.

Let E be a finite set, and M be a matroid defined on E. Given w ∈ ℝ + E , we use the notations (w -maximum bases packing for the first one): λ (w) = Max { ∑ B basis λ B such that ∑ B ∋ e λ B ≤ w (e) for any e ∈ E , and λ B ≥ 0 for any basis B } , and w ℓ = Min { w (E) − w (U) r (E) − r (U) such that U ⊂ E and r (U) ≤ r (E) − 1 }. In this paper, we give a short proof for the known min–max relation λ (w) = w ℓ . Moreover, we prove that the minimum w ℓ can be restricted to single elements and semi locked subsets only. A subset L ⊂ E is semi locked in M if M ∗ | (E \ L) is closed and 2-connected, and min { r (L) , r ∗ (E \ L) } ≥ 2. We deduce then a polynomial algorithm to compute w ℓ in a large class of matroids by using a matroid oracle related to semi locked subsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuprous oxide microcrystals with {111}, {111}/{100}, and {100} exposed facets were synthesized. 31P MAS NMR using trimethylphosphine as the probe molecule was employed to study the acidic properties of samples. It was found that the total acidic density of samples increases evidently after sulfation compared with the pristine cuprous oxide microcrystals. During sulfation, new {100} facets are formed at the expense of {111} facets and lead to the generation of two Lewis acid sites due to the different binding states of SO42− on {111} and {100} facets. Moreover, DFT calculation was used to illustrate the binding models of SO42− on {111} and {100} facets. Also, a Pechmann condensation reaction was applied to study the acidic catalytic activity of these samples. It was found that the sulfated {111} facet has better activity due to its higher Lewis acid density compared with the sulfated {100} facet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given polyhedron P and and a point x ∗ , the separation problem for polyhedra asks to certify that x ∗ ∈ P and if not, to determine an inequality that is satisfied by P and violated by x ∗ . This problem is repeatedly solved in cutting plane methods for Integer Programming and the quality of the violated inequality is an essential feature in the performance of such methods. In this paper we address the problem of finding efficiently an inequality that is violated by x ∗ and either defines an improper face or a facet of P. We show that, by solving a single linear program, one almost surely obtains such an improper face or facet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We model and solve several families of location-arc routing problems on an undirected graph. These problems extend the multidepot rural postman problem to the case where the depots are not fixed. The aim is to select the facility locations and to construct a set of routes traversing each required edge of the graph, where each route starts and ends at the same facility. The models differ from each other in their objective functions and on whether they include a capacity constraint. Alternative formulations are presented that use only binary variables, and are valid even when the input graph is not complete. This applies, in particular, to a compact two-index formulation for problems minimizing the overall routing costs, with or without facility setup costs. This formulation incorporates a new set of constraints that force the routes to be consistent and return to their original depots. A polyhedral study is presented for some of the formulations, which indicates that the main families of constraints are facet defining. All formulations are solved by branch and cut, and instances with up to 200 vertices are solved to optimality. Despite the difficulty of the problems, the numerical results demonstrate the good performance of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacitated edge activation problem consists of activating a minimum cost set of capacitated edges to ensure the routing of some traffic demands. If the demands are subject to uncertainty, we speak of the robust capacitated edge activation problem. We consider a capacity formulation of the problem and investigate, from a polyhedral perspective, the similarities and the differences between the robust capacitated edge activation and the robust network loading polyhedron, as well as between the polyhedra corresponding to different routing and flows policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new theorem to lift facets of the vertex packing problem. We prove the result and analyse its implications, showing that it generalizes a previous lifting theorem that was proved in 1983. The theorem is illustrated with some examples. Finally, we introduce two new families of facet-defining graphs that can be obtained as a consequence of this new lifting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic driving force molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to survey grain boundary mobility in three classes of incoherent Σ3 twin boundaries: <112>, <110>, and <111> tilt boundaries. These boundaries are faceted on low energy planes, and step flow boundary motion occurs by glide of the triplets of partial dislocations that comprise the mobile facets. Systematic trends with inclination angle are identified and characterized. Observations of thermally activated, anti-thermal, and athermal motion are explained in terms of the orientation of the Shockley partial dislocations along close-packed and non-close-packed directions. Thermally activated <112> tilt boundaries with {110} twin facets are found to have smaller energy barriers to motion than <110> tilt boundaries with {112} twin facets. Thermally activated boundaries follow a compensation effect associated with a facet roughening transition. As for all faceting boundaries, system size and driving force must be chosen with care to prevent simulation artifacts. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spread of influence in a network can be modeled and studied within the concept of dynamic monopolies in graphs. We give an integer programming formulation for finding a minimum dynamic monopoly in an undirected graph. The corresponding 0–1 polytope and its facets are studied and several families of facet defining inequalities are introduced. Computational experiments have been performed to show the strength of the IP formulation and its facet defining inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Differently morphological CeO2‐supported Cu‐Ni catalysts utilized for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol were prepared by the method of impregnation. The 100‐ to 300‐nm CeO2 nanorod‐supported catalyst dominantly exposed low‐energy (100) and (110) facets, and the Cu‐Ni supported on 10‐ to 20‐nm CeO2 nanospheres and on irregular CeO2 nanoparticles were both enclosed by (111) facets owning high energy. Besides, all CeO2‐supported Cu‐Ni catalysts possess oxygen vacancies, which can active and absorb CO2 and is further beneficial for the reaction. Most oxygen vacancies were generated from the Ce4+ reduction to Ce3+ with the ceria lattice cell expansion, and small amount of oxygen vacancies resulted from the Ce4+ replacement by Cu or/and Ni atom. Because of the exposed (100) and (110) facets and numerous oxygen vacancies, well‐defined CeO2 nanorod‐supported Cu‐Ni alloy showed more superior catalytic performance than on CeO2 nanospheres and nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the objective and subjective analysis of facet and infratip lobule in postoperative digital pictures of rhinoplasty patients and compare them with the people with good-looking noses. With the help of simple software that measures the brightness of the pixels, we investigated the relation between light reflections and patient satisfaction. Methods: egardless of the technique, forty patients who underwent external open approach rhinoplasty were selected randomly. Twenty participants with a good-looking nose without operation history were selected as the control group. Digital Color Meter® in MacOS X® was used for measuring the brightness of the facets and infratip lobule. As a subjective outcome measure, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used and compared with brightness ratios. Results: The mean brightness ratios and VAS of operated noses were statistically low from the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between brightness ratios and VAS in all groups. Conclusion: Our study presents the results of a simple method of measuring the light reflections of the nose tip. Noses with a good aesthetic outcome have more symmetric and subtle facets and infratip lobule. This method was feasible, and its results were correlated with patients' aesthetic perceptions. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arid regions in Mexico are excluded from the benefits of the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) scheme of the National Forestry Commission, due to the low forest cover they have. The objective of the work is to carry out an identification at the regional level of those potential payment zones for environmental services in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo State. The limitation of the arid zone is the main justification for generating proposals as alternatives to try to include these regions in the PSA. The identification of eligible or priority areas for the PSA was based on the methodologies of the Physiographic Survey, to delimit the environmental areas or units and, for the analysis of decision-making, the Multicriteria. Priority areas for payment for environmental services equivalent to 911 ha were identified, with high and very high risk characteristics of losing the ecosystem services provided by the conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests the personality trait of Openness to Experience is associated with cardiovascular stress processes. It is unknown if the underlying facets of Openness are associated with cardiovascular responsivity, and whether adaptation is evident across active and passive stress. The objective of this study was to determine if the facets of Openness are related to cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation across active and passive stress exposures. Personality measures and continuous cardiovascular data from sixty-six female adults across a protocol of active and passive stress tasks were collated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the facet of Feelings was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity to active stress. Examination of cardiovascular adaption revealed that the facet of Feelings was positively associated with SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) adaptation, whereas the facet of Actions demonstrated a negative association. Supplementary analyses revealed the significant effects for Feelings were not reliant on the remaining Openness facets, whereas the significant effects for Actions were. No significant effects emerged for the higher-order trait of Openness. These findings suggest that the underlying facet of Feelings is associated with active stress reactivity, with the facets of Feelings and Actions appearing to be of importance to cardiovascular adaptation. This study is the first to demonstrate personality effects on cardiovascular adaptation across active and passive stress. Attending to the facets of personality traits may provide a more precise understanding of the personality effects on cardiovascular stress psychophysiology. • Feelings facet was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure adaptation. • Actions facet was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure adaptation. • First to demonstrate cardiovascular adaptation across active and passive stress • No significant effects for the higher-order trait of openness were observed. • Examining facets may provide more precision in personality trait effects on stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the b-coloring problem , we aim to assign colors from a set C to the vertices of a graph G in such a way that adjacent vertices do not receive the same color, and for every c ∈ C we have a c -colored vertex v in G such that every color in C ∖ { c } is assigned to at least one of v 's neighbors. It has been shown that b-coloring is NP-complete, so we propose in this article an approach for the problem under integer programming techniques. To this end, we give an integer programming formulation and study the associated polytope. We provide several families of valid inequalities, and analyze facetness conditions for them. Finally, we show computational evidence suggesting that the given inequalities may be useful in a branch-and-cut environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The surface property of an electrocatalyst is crucial for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, we have successfully prepared CoMoO 4 nanorods (NR) with {100} facets exposed mainly and CoMoO 4 nanosheets (NS) with {010} exposed mainly via a facile hydrothermal route. It is found that although the CoMoO 4 NS has a 7 times higher surface area (49.3 m2 g−1) than the CoMoO 4 NR (7.0 m2 g−1), the CoMoO 4 NR has a 5.7 times higher OER current density (8.93 mA cm cat −2) than the CoMoO 4 NS (1.56 mA cm cat −2) at 550 mV. Its higher intrinsic OER activity is mainly attributed to the exposed {100} facets of CoMoO 4 NR. Compared with {010} facets (0.41 Jm-2), the {100} facets with a higher surface energy (0.54 Jm-2) are more reactive, and the more Co atoms on (100) surface can provide more OER active sites. This work demonstrates that the control of active facets exposed is a promising way for the development of efficient OER catalysts. Highlights • CoMoO 4 nanorods (NR) and CoMoO 4 nanosheets (NS) are obtained by a facile hydrothermal route. • The crystal facet structure of CoMoO 4 NR and CoMoO 4 NS has been revealed. • CoMoO 4 nanorods with higher intrinsic OER activity is mainly attributed to its {100} facets exposed. • This work provides new insight for future design of electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The vulcanization activity of ZnO was highly relative with the dominated facets. • CRI suggested that rod-like ZnO has a higher vulcanization efficiency. • Zn O binding energy of rod-like ZnO was lower than that of table-like ZnO. Abstract The effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) with different crystal facets on the vulcanization activity efficiency was studied via experiments and theoretical calculation. Two types of ZnO particle with the similar size and specific surface, one with more (0 0 1) facets (table-like ZnO) and the other with more (1 0 0) facets (rod-like ZnO), were used to investigate the effects of different facets on the vulcanization activity. The results of curing rate index (CRI) suggested that rod-like ZnO has a faster cure rate than table-like ZnO and rod-like ZnO has a higher vulcanization activity efficiency than table-like ZnO because of higher cross-link density in the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites cured by rod-like ZnO crystal. The DFT calculation results showed that the value of Zn O binding energy on the crystal face of rod-like ZnO was lower than that of table-like ZnO, which indicated that more Zn2+ would be released into the rubber matrix during the process of vulcanization and it would efficiently promote the curing process. It was proposed that the vulcanization activity of ZnO was highly relative with the ZnO exposed facets, which is in the order of (1 0 0) 1 > (0 0 1) > (1 0 0) 2 > (0 0 1 ¯), which was consistent with the experiment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract At the foundation of nanoscience and nanotechnology is the ability to shape-engineer nanometric objects so as to exert control over their physical and chemical properties. Architectural control is achieved by manipulating thermodynamic and kinetic factors that are able to guide reactions along pathways that lead to the formation or elimination of particular crystal facets. While the dewetting of ultrathin metal films provides a straightforward method for generating substrate-based metallic nanostructures, the ability to shape-engineer these structures is limited to such an extent that even the formation of highly faceted equiaxed structures often proves challenging. This, however, is not the case for colloidal syntheses where the exquisite chemical controls and synthetic ease offered by liquid-phase chemistry has led to the generation of a diverse library of nanostructure architectures. Here, it is demonstrated that the faceting of dewetted structures of gold, silver, copper, and palladium can be enhanced by subjecting them to a liquid-phase chemical environment in which metal ions are reduced to a neutral state and deposited on the nanostructure surface in manner that leads to facet formation. The faceting procedure, which can be carried out in minutes, is also shown to be amenable to a templated dewetting approach in which lithographically-defined metal discs formed in an array each agglomerate to form a single nanostructure. The work has the potential to increase the functionality of dewetted nanostructures by enabling facet-dependent chemical reactivity and plasmonic hot spots. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fine sediment availability and channel hydraulics are two of the primary controls on the ingress of fine sediment into gravel river beds. A novel dataset consisting of fine sediment ingress measurements coupled with high-resolution turbidity and discharge time series, was analysed to investigate relations between ingress, discharge and turbidity. Discharge and turbidity demonstrated a weak association with each other, and their relations with fine sediment ingress were relatively weak. An alternative, but widely applied 'redundancy' approach was investigated that focused on key metrics, or facets, of the discharge and turbidity time series and their association with fine sediment ingress. Principal component analysis was used to distil the most important facets driving variation in the discharge and turbidity datasets and these were then used as independent variables in regression models with sediment ingress as the dependent variable. These models accounted for a larger amount of the statistical variation in sediment ingress over time than discharge and turbidity time series. Facets of the turbidity time series were found to be the most effective explanatory variables. The results suggest that this approach could be valuable and justify its application and testing across a range of river types in different hydrological and sedimentary settings. Application of this method could improve our generic understanding of what controls ingress at larger spatial and temporal scales and therefore complements process-based approaches, which is vital for the development of fine sediment management strategies. Highlights • Time series of discharge, turbidity and sediment ingress show only weak relations. • A redundancy approach was employed to identify the dominant facets of the regimes. • Models incorporating multiple independent facets provided improved explanatory power. • Temporal turbidity variations were the principal controls on ingress. • Suspended sediment and ingress time series are needed to improve understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent do employees' personality traits shape their perceptions of job and life satisfaction? To answer this question, we conducted the largest meta-analysis on the topic to date, summarizing a total of 12,682 correlations among combinations of personality, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. We also sought to refine previous meta-analytic estimates by comparing the effects of personality facets to broad trait domains, while controlling for commensurability of personality measures. The results showed that the Big Five personality traits accounted for about 10% of the variance in job satisfaction, which in turn accounted for 13% of the variance in life satisfaction. Compared with the broad trait domains, personality facets typically accounted for twice as much variance in life satisfaction, with only a minor increase for job satisfaction, which contradicts the typical bandwidth–fidelity heuristic. The results also provided support for a trickle-down or top-down effect, where dispositions affect perceptions of life satisfaction, which then influenced the more specific subdomain of job satisfaction. The results have important implications for researchers and practitioners, suggesting that information is lost when personality facets are overlooked, and that educational and workplace interventions could enhance perceptions of satisfaction for those prone to lower levels of subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the five factor personality profiles of 863 Greek university students at a facet level using Latent Profile Analysis and examined differences in relation to academic dishonesty and procrastination via an online anonymous questionnaire. Latent Profile Analysis revealed four groups of students: Overcontrollers, Resilients, Ordinaries, and Undercontrollers. The results demonstrated that in terms of overall academic dishonesty and cheating, Ordinaries scored lower than Overcontrollers and Undercontrollers. In plagiarism, Overcontrollers scored higher than both Ordinaries and Undercontrollers. Finally, Ordinaries scored lower than all profiles in academic procrastination. Student classification based on personality profiles facilitates intervention planning as well as the implementation of measures for individual or group interventions with university students who are more likely to cheat and/or procrastinate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how music subgenres are differentiated from each other within seven parent genres – classical, folk, reggae, country, blues, electronic and jazz – according to two different sources, AllMusic and the Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms. Medium was by far the most common differentiator, but there were many others, with most subgenres defined according to multiple characteristic types, the use of which varied greatly across genres. Overall, differentiation was based more on characteristics intrinsic to the music, but prominent extrinsic characteristic types included culture and period. Also prominent was the identification of characteristics associated with other subgenres and genres, representing hybridisation. The resulting codebook of characteristics only partly overlaps with the major facets of music identified in the knowledge organisation literature. Our research conceptualises the musical subgenre, suggesting that music subgenres are differentiated from and connected to other subgenres, and to higher-level genres, in complex, familial ways – horizontally, vertically and obliquely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The phenomena of crack initiation during dwell fatigue of a near alpha titanium alloy is studied. • Microcracks formed at very early stages of dwell fatigue loading is the major reason for reduced life. • The initiation of cracks is a strong function of the local crystallography of the grains. • Microtexture and strong stress redistributions at grain level results in nucleation and propagation of microcracks. Dwell sensitivity of titanium alloys at ambient temperature (∼25 °C) is a well-reported phenomenon, although the question about the phenomena of crack initiation remains open. In this work, the normal and dwell fatigue response of a near alpha titanium alloy is studied. A dwell fatigue debit (number of continuous cycles to failure to number of cycles to failure with a dwell period) of up to 2 and 10 were observed at two different load levels. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscope-based orientation imaging microscopy (TEM-OIM) revealed that the formation of microcracks at very early stages of dwell fatigue loading was the major reason for this decreased life. The initiation of these cracks was observed to be a strong function of the local crystallography of the constituent grains. A modified pile up model in which the shear stress on the pile up plane is calculated using stress redistribution at the grain level is used to explain the micromechanisms of crack nucleation in dwell fatigue. The elastic and plastic anisotropy of the hexagonal crystal, the microtextural characteristics and strong stress redistributions at the grain level results in the nucleation and propagation of these microcracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. This article approaches the topic of crack initiation and crack growth behaviour under combined mode I- and mode III-loading conditions. Such loading combinations especially lead to a crack, which unscrew out of its initial orientation and segments into many single cracks respectively facets. This characteristic depicts the crucial difference to a crack growth under pure mode I-loading, pure in-plane shearing (mode II) as well as 2D-mixed-mode-loadings. Since this stepped fractured surfaces thus far are proved little and therefore their characterisation remains to be done, a facets quantification using some characteristic dimensions will be performed within this article. After the description of experiments for facet creation the facet’s quantification using the crack profile near the initial position each facet will be analysed concerning characteristic dimensions. Finally the findings will be illustrated and discussed in this contribution.

Neuroscientific studies have mostly employed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994a) for the assessment of alexithymia, a self-report scale that assesses the alexithymia facets difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking. These facets can be considered to capture difficulties in the cognitive processing of emotions associated with alexithymia. However, Nemiah and Sifneos’ original conceptualization of alexithymia included also an affective component, a lack of imaginative capacities, which cannot be assessed using the TAS-20. Aiming to capture the entire alexithymia construct, the Bermond–Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ; Vorst and Bermond, 2001) was developed, a self-report scale which assesses two affective facets (difficulty fantasizing and difficulty emotionalizing) in addition to three cognitive facets. Based on these facets, an affective and a cognitive dimension of alexithymia can be distinguished. By now, several neuroscientific studies have investigated the neural signatures of the different facets and dimensions of alexithymia. Here, I provide an overview of the history of the alexithymia facets and dimensions and review findings provided by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that differentiated between the alexithymia facets and/or its affective and cognitive dimensions. I then provide a synopsis of the current neuroscientific evidence for dissociable substrates of alexithymia facets and dimensions. Finally, the scientific value and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) polygenic risk score (PGS) is associated with lower cognitive functioning even among older individuals without dementia. We tested the hypothesis that personality traits mediate the association between AD genetic risk and cognitive functioning. Participants (N > 7,000, aged 50–99 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study were genotyped and completed personality and cognition tests at baseline. Cognition was assessed again four years later. Bootstrap analysis revealed that a higher AD polygenic risk score was associated with lower cognitive scores at baseline through higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and lower levels of the industriousness facet of conscientiousness. In addition, a higher polygenic score for AD was associated with decline in cognition over four years in part through higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness. The findings support the hypothesis that the genetic vulnerability for AD contributes to cognitive functioning in part through its association with personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is defined as being overly controlling, rigid, orderly, and perfectionistic. At a definitional level, OCPD would appear to be highly related to the trait of Conscientiousness. The current study attempts to disentangle this relationship by examining the relationship at a facet level using multiple forms of OCPD assessment and using multiple reports of OCPD and personality. In addition, the relationship between OCPD and each Big Five trait was examined.Method: The study relied on a sample of 1,630 adults who completed self-reports of personality and OCPD. Informants and interviewers also completed reports on the targets. Bifactor models were constructed in order to disentangle variance attributable to each facet and its general factors.Results: Across four sets of analyses, individuals who scored higher on OCPD tended to be more orderly and achievement striving, and more set in their ways, but less generally conscientious. OCPD was also related to select facets under each Big Five trait. Notably, findings indicated that OCPD has a strong interpersonal component and that OCPD tendencies may interfere with one's relationships with others.Conclusions: Findings suggest that OCPD's relationship with personality can be more precisely explained through its relationships with specific tendencies rather than general, higher-order traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomechanical models of the spine either simplify intervertebral joints (using spherical joints or deformable beams) in musculoskeletal (MS) or overlook musculature in geometrically-detailed passive finite element (FE) models. These distinct active and passive models therefore fail to determine in vivo stresses and strains within and load-sharing among the joint structures (discs, ligaments, and facets). A novel hybrid active-passive spine model is therefore developed in which estimated trunk muscle forces from a MS model for in vivo activities drive a mechanically-equivalent passive FE model to quantify in vivo T12-S1 compression/shear loads, intradiscal pressures (IDP), centers of rotation (CoR), ligament/facet forces, and annulus fiber strains. The predicted and in vivo L4-L5 IDP and L1-S1 CoRs showed satisfactory agreements. The FE model under commonly-used in vitro loading (pure moments and follower loads) predicted different kinetics from those of the hybrid model under in vivo loads (muscle exertions and gravity loads) contributing to suggest the inadequacy of such in vitro loads when simulating in vivo tasks. For an improved assessment of the injury risk, evaluation of the internal loads, and design of implants, such hybrid models should therefore be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VO x /CeO 2 catalysts, employing CeO 2 nanocubes (NCs), nanorods (NRs), and nanopolyhedrons (NPs) with predominately exposed {1 0 0}, {1 1 0}, and {1 1 1} facets as the supports, were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were used in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x with NH 3 . The SCR performance showed that V-CeO 2 -NPs could achieve significantly higher NO conversion than V-CeO 2 -NCs and V-CeO 2 -NRs in the entire temperature range. The characterization results confirmed that the redox and acidic properties of VO x /CeO 2 catalysts were closely related to the exposed facets of the CeO 2 supports. The excellent SCR activity of V-CeO 2 -NPs should be attributed to its appropriate redox ability and abundant surface acid sites, which are associated with the predominately exposed {1 1 1} facets of CeO 2 -NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association between six facets of conscientiousness (self-control, order, industriousness, traditionalism, virtue, responsibility) and objective markers of health status, including adiposity, blood markers and physical performance. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of participants from the health and retirement study (N = 12,188). Main Outcome Measures: Adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference), blood markers (A1c, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, cystatin c, c-reactive protein) and physical performance (lung function, grip strength, walking speed). Results: Four of the six facets of conscientiousness were associated with nearly all of the health markers: Self-control, organisation, industriousness and responsibility were related to lower adiposity, healthier metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, and better performance on physical assessments. Traditionalism and virtue had fewer associations with these objective markers. Conclusion: This research took a facet-level approach to the association between conscientiousness and objective markers of health status. This research builds on models of conscientiousness and health to suggest that, in addition to health-risk behaviours, facets of conscientiousness are associated with more favourable biomedical markers of health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]