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Giovanni Casaretto published Eugenia rotundifolia Casaretto (1842: 40) using material that he collected in Restinga vegetation between Copacabana and Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Berg (1857: 287) treated E. rotundifolia Casaretto as a distinct species, and recognized two varieties. However, the binomial E. rotundifolia (Walker-Arnott 1836: 335) Wight (1841: 17) was previously published for a taxon occurring in Sri Lanka. Therefore, Casaretto’s name is a later superfluous homonym and illegitimate. In a recent article on the typification of plant names published by Casaretto, Delprete et al. (2019) proposed E. casarettoana Delprete (2019: 25) as a substitute name for E. rotundifolia Casaretto. However, Delprete and his collaborators overlooked that the name E. casarettoana O. Berg (1857: 520) was previously published using material collected by Martius near the town of Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil, and belongs to a distinct species occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. Also, Berg (1857) spelled the specific epithet “casaretteana” without explaining to whom he dedicated the epithet. It is obvious that it was dedicated to Casaretto, as no other botanist or plant collector has a similar last name. Therefore, according to Recommendation 60C of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), the spelling of this epithet should be corrected to casarettoana, as it has been done for this and other specific epithets dedicated to Casaretto (Delprete 2016).

New Zealand mycologist G.H. Cunningham (1892–1962) frequently used the indigenous language of New Zealand, te reo Māori, when creating epithets for new species and replacement names. All of these epithets are listed, and nomenclatural treatments (including etymologies) of the taxa are presented. In addition, tables cite all te reo Māori and te reo-derived generic names and epithets published by mycological authors. Guidelines are discussed for the appropriate orthography for names and epithets derived from te reo Māori and other non-latinate vernacular languages.

This paper studies a remarkable iconography belonging to Herihor as a king. The scene is located on the eastern inner wall of the court of the temple of Khonsu at Karnak. The iconography, with a preliminary characterization and translation of the accompanying texts, has been published previously but still offers possibilities for additional analysis. The contents offer more novel queries; among which one concerns Herihor`s relationship with Hathor of Dendera, based on the iconographic detail representing the king receiving his regal epithets incised inside cartouches. The study examines the relationship between the king and the goddess, and includes a discussion of the titles included only in the Hb-sd symbol surmounted by the crown of Upper Egypt. Throughout the interpretation of the symbolism expressed by the scene, the Study, arrives at the conclusions of an approximated geographical boundary; that Herihor, as a king, exerted control at least as far north as the region of Iwnt (Dendera).

A brief scholion allusion to a “Selenite” community in Arcadia raises a question concerning this epithet and its meaning on the background of similar expressions denoting extreme antiquity. The better known term associated with the Arcadians is Proselēnoi, namely, pre-lunar, people who preceded the moon. This term is examined through several options of understanding. At the core of this analysis stands the Classical tendency to highly appreciate early periods of time and early peoples. This opens up a discussion of autochthony and the concept of extreme antiquity, particularly associated with Arcadia. The result is an etymologically based mythographic study centred on the Arcadians’ existence in relation to the first appearance of the moon. The conclusion offers a new interpretation of a neglected term.

The purpose of the research is to characterize the creative and organizational activities of the leading directors of Severodonetsk in the twentieth century. Research methodology. In the research process, the following methods have been used: historical is to comprehend the figures of O. Biryustyuk, O. Shmal, and O. Oleksandrov in the theater art of Severodonetsk; historical and biographical are to analyze the context of the epoch and aesthetic and artistic vectors of time, which influenced the formation of artistic approaches of these artists; comparative-typological is for differentiated comparison of creative work of directors. Scientific novelty . For the first time the creative and organizational activities of O. Biryustyuk, O. Shmaly and O. Oleksandrov have been systematized and analytically analyzed in the context of the evolution of Severodonetsk theater art in the XX century. Conclusions . The Severodonetsk People's Theater under the direction of O. Biryustyuk performed not only socio-cultural but also educational and educational functions for the locals. O. Shmal's creative and organizational activity became a modern implementation of G. Gurdjiev's principle of "objective art", in particular through the introduction of the author's method of working with actors. Director O. Alexandrov enriched the palette of the theatrical life of Severodonetsk with his epithet and avant-gardism. On the whole, the relatively short history of the development of the Severodonetsk theater art shows that the dynamics of this process have been determined by a tendency that is characteristic of national processes of the Ukrainian theatrical life formation: from amateur forms to professional ones. The analysis of the latter testifies to their active development through the use of new directorial approaches that contributed to the growth of the acting skills of the collectives and the enrichment of the repertoire palette for the revival of national cultural traditions. Directed searches and organizational and creative activity of O. Biryustyukova, O. Shmal and O. Oleksandrov made a significant contribution to the theater art development of Severodonetsk in the XX century and it has evolved rapidly and multifaceted from a local amateur theater group of like-minded people to a leading regional professional theater and entertainment institution of culture.

The aim of this paper is to examine the titles and professions of an Old Kingdom official particularly a sixth dynasty royal Architect who performed the tasks of his career under the sovereign Pepi I.Mr(i)-PtH-anx-mry-Ra was the full of that official who was also called Nekhebu, his tomb is located in Giza near king cheop’s great pyramid, his father was possibly khnementi the owner of tomb G 2374 but the name of his mother was still unknown.The paper provides a general overview of Nekhebu’s practical life through a detailed analysis of the different and various titles and epithets he held during his long resplendent career, as well as the diverse professions he occupied in the civil Egyptian Administration of the Old Kingdom.Nekhebu was one of the most important civil officials in the sixth dynasty as a whole and particularly in the reign of the monarch Pepi I who executed many projects and expeditions for him.The Author depends in that paper on many scattered sources for Nekhebu’s biography, this is due to the great destruction of his stone built mastaba which led to the cracking of the walls of his mastaba to several too heavy blocks found in a disordered heap of debris.The two main sources for Nekhebu’s biography were found by Reisner in the tomb complex of snDm-ib’s family of the fifth and sixth dynasties at Giza, one of these two main sources is located in the Cairo museum while the other one is located in Boston museum, both texts record many projects that Nekhebu executed to the king, as according to their inscriptions he was responsible for directing four missions for the king Pepi I.The first mission was directing the erection of the ka-mansions of Pepi in Lower Egypt and directing the Administration at the north in “city of Lakes”, in “Akhbit of Horus” and the pyramid of Men-nefer-pepy (the pyramid of king Pepi I), the second mission was in Lower Egypt where he dug a canal between Akhbit and the residence, the third mission was in Upper Egypt as Nekhebu dug a canal in Ḳus while the fourth mission which is recorded in the Cairo text presented his responsibility in directing the works of a pyramid monument in Heliopolis.After every mission Nekhebu executed for the king, he stated the praises and rewards offered to him as a gift from the king in appreciation of his efforts to achieve the mission successfully.In addition to these two main sources there are some blocks from his mastaba preserved now in Boston museum which the author depends on them in the paper.These sources record many different titles for Nekhebu which helped to suggest an accurate topic concerning his promotion and Hierarchy during the reign of Pepi I.The paper examines all the titles and epithets held by Nekhebu from his various inscriptions, the reading of each title and the different opinions suggested by scholars concerning each title’s reading, its transliteration and the translation as well as the functions and natures of each title and the different points of view suggested by scholars regarding each title whether it was an honorific title or an official one indicates an actual profession.The paper concludes two distinct types of titles which indicate two different career tracks that Nekhebu passed by during his long career.And finally, the paper suggests a proposed Hierarchy for Nekhebu according to these titles.

Alkitab memuat ribuan nama diri di dalamnya. Setiap nama yang dipresentasikan di dalam Alkitab hampir selalu melekat dengan pesan dan makna yang ada di baliknya. Kajian onomastika biblikal adalah penelitian linguistik dengan obyek nama-nama di dalam Alkitab. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan linguistik historis komparatif terhadap nama-nama di dalam teks Perjanjian Baru. Kajian di dalam artikel ini menemukan berbagai pendekatan yang dilakukan penulis asli Perjanjian Baru dalam meredaksi nama-nama pribadi yang di dalamnya, yaitu : transliterasi, translasi, absorpsi – helenisasi, pemberian julukan atau kognomen, ekuivalensi dan penggunaan nama panggilan atau hipokoristik. Temuan di dalam artikel ini berguna sebagai referensi di dalam berbagai diskursus yang berkaitan dengan nama diri di dalam Alkitab khususnya bagi kelompok Sacred Name Movement dan berbagai variannya.

The objective of this study is to find out the description of several different types of words meaning in Minangkabau Proverbs based on a stylistic approach. This research uses descriptive qualitative method in which the description and interpretation on the real fact or object of the research done by using Minangkabau proverbs recorded from about 8 respondents of Minangkabau Natives. The library study is also done to find several sources focused on stylistic devices based on different types of word meaning in Minangkabau proverbs. This research uses the theory from (Lethsalu, Liiv, & Mut, 1973). There are two types of stylistic devices, the first types of stylistic devices based on the interaction of lexical and contextual meaning consist of metaphor, metonymy, antonomasia, and irony.The second types of stylistic devices based on different types of word meaning consist of epithet, oxymoron, hyperbole, and meiosis. The findings show that there are several types of word meaning in Minangkabau Proverbs, namely Metaphor 68%, Metonymy 6%, Irony 8%, Epithet 2%, Hyperbole 6%, and Zeugma 10%. The dominant types of word meaning in Minangkabau Proverbs is Metaphor. It shows that people in Minangkabau always use decorated language that uses nature as its object, to show the nature, characteristics or condition of something. Minangkabau people learn about life from nature, the process of something become something better.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the gender specificity of the language personality of Catherine the Second through the study of the lexical and grammatical features of her texts. The novelty of the study consists in studying the linguistic personality of a politician in a diachronic aspect and in describing the features of the linguistic personality of Catherine II through the prism of her gender specificity. The reconstruction of the main personality features of Catherine II through comprehensive, multilevel analysis of language tools allows us to identify the psychological, pragmatic, cognitive, gender aspects of the speech behavior of the Russian Empress, the specifics of her linguistic picture of the world due to bio-socio-psychological personality data and ideological and thematic originality of her works of various genres. A study of the texts of Catherine the Second showed that the empress depicts her feelings, feelings, emotions figuratively, trying to emphasize and artistically highlight the meaning of a word depending on her communicative situation. It was proved that the empress’s gender also determines the fact that in the works of Catherine II of any genre a large number of lexical and semantic groups of words (nouns, adjectives, verbs) of feelings, perception and mental state are represented. One of the main signs of the author’s gender affiliation is the usage of a large number of metaphors, epithets, vivid comparisons and personifications, etc. The study revealed that the most important trend in female speech behavior is “increased emotionality and the desire to evaluate the activities of others”.

The epithets pal “pale” and palid “pallid” could have been linked here by a conjunction. Instead, they are placed at the same level (pal/ palid) because of their semantic identity in Eminescu’s lyrics. Their importance has been already highlighted by several critics, and especially by I. Negoițescu, who referred to the epithets of pallor as a symbol, and systematically returned to them. By simply identifying these epithets with death or the myth of death, with the angelic purity, but also with the purity of the demon, within expressions such as androginie difuză a morții “diffuse androgyny of death” and demonul palorii “the demon of pallor”, there is no poetic symbol, but only a vague image. Associating these adjectives with characters such as the Poet, the Monarch, the Sleep and the Demiurge, usually at an intuitive level, does not reveal the intended meaning. These epithets appear in Eminescu’s poetry with non-metaphorical meaning as well, that is with denotative or connotative meaning. Instead, the metaphorical meaning belongs to the extra-existential world. The strong occurrence of these adjectives in Mortua est! and the debates around them within this poem since its first publication focused the attention not only to the final version of the text but also to its variants. Pal/ palid does not have a unique meaning in this poem, but we may assume that the connotative meaning is not transcended in any of its versions, including the last one. As a metaphorical epithet, pal/ palid is associated with the lyrical creation as act and as purpose, as well as with the pure ideal which is situated outside the dichotomy of life–death (being–non-being), either as a reality of the poetic thought or as a mythical reality. The poems in which pal/ palid carries this metaphorical meaning are: Venere și Madonă/ Venus and Madonna, Epigonii/ The Epigons, Luceafărul/ The evening star, Povestea magului călător în stele/ The story of the magician who travels to the stars, Mureșanu. Tablou dramatic/ Mureșanu. Dramatic tableau and Memento mori. The metaphorical ʻextra-existential’ meaning differs from any concept of overcoming the antagonism being–non-being which is highly represented in Eminescu’s poetry. It supposes placement outside this antagonism.

Present-day political and media discourses on the perception of the interactions between humans and the environment quite often contain fairly hidden overtones that are not always clear when it comes to sustainability and the planet’s health. For this reason – and taking into consideration the fact that humans apprehend nature through symbols – the objective of this article is to discuss the way symbolic and mythical aspects are brought to the fore in order to construe the recurrent discourses about Amazonia. We’ll analyze the discourse proferred by Bolsonaro during UNO’s General Assembly in September 2019. The analysis, based on Gilbert Durand’s mytocritics, points towards the founding myth of Maha-Maya, or simply Maya, the Hinduist goddess of Illusion, the goddess who creates the world together with Brahma. While Brahma creares the real, Maya crates the illusory and the dreams. The veil of illusion permeates the Brazilian president’s discourse concerning what is new and the resurgence of Brazil. However, at the same time that resurgence and renaissance are looked for one can see that there is a sense of death, of what puts an end to life. In this case the god Antaka, an epithet of Yama – the god of death – comes up. The world must be destroyed in order to be reborn. Therefore, the president’s discourse implies destruction due to a personal desire, far from the desire of the majority of the country’s inhabitants. This myth unveils the Erinias, the third group of Grey Goddesses (beyond the Moiras and Greas). These were older than the gods that arrived with Zeus and had serpents in place of hair as well as dark skin. Their names were: Aleto (what never ends), Tisifone (retaliation), and Megera (rage). These goddesses can be invoked together by the name of Erinis (spirit of rage and revenge). In the present connection it is possible to say that there is a sense of revenge, retaliation and rage not only in the UNO’s discourse but also in the president’s everyday speeches.

The results of a comparative analysis of options for staible comparisons characteristic of the northern epic tradition of the Yakuts are presented. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient research of comparisons on the material of epic texts of the northern regions matching the established traditions of the olonkho of the central and Vilyuy regions of Yakutia to identify their commonality and specificity. Particular attention is paid to the structure of comparative constructions, their parallelization and the content of comparison images. A detailed analysis of the components of the five stable comparisons operating in all four texts is provided. As a result of the study, increased stability of comparisons was established in the Verkhoyansk, Mom and Oymyakon texts of the olonkho, in which only the peripheral part varies (epithets, additional terms of parallelism). The author’s notable introduction of the narrator in the Middle Kolyma text is considered, where peculiar objects and images of comparison are revealed. A comparison image was found that is characteristic only of the northern epic tradition when describing the heroic table. The definitions of individual obsolete words and their interpretation with the aim of establishing the original images of olonkho are given. A definition of the word kunnyalyk , missing in the dictionaries of the Yakut language, used as an epithet, included in the comparison construction and as a designation of an independent reference standard is proposed.

We will soon celebrate the 400th anniversary of archpriest Avvakum, the pioneer of Russian literature, and the legendary header of old believers rock-solid in his principles. He came into the world in early 1620 and lived a glorious life of a saint martyr who never abjured his faith despite all persecutions and sufferings. The leader of old believers, he never accepted the church reform. However, the archpriest Avvakum marked the history of our country not only as an extraordinary clergyman but as an outstanding publisher, who made an enormous contribution to the formation of Russian literature. «Zhitiye (Life) of Avvakum», the main work of his life, is written in the language coherent for contemporary readers. He imbues his sorrowful narration of his life with colorful epithets and figurative comparisons. The archpriest was among the groundbreakers of our literature who used dialogues to give more drama to his timeless prose. Avvakum was the first to tell the story about himself not as a great martyr. He wrote about himself offering his readers, his fellow believers in the first place, his own biography starting from his birth and to his expulsion to Pustozersk, an inaccessible northern town which ceased to exist nowadays. He had spent 15 years of his life in the earthen prison together with his fellows. All of them were burnt at the stake in Pustozersk on April 14, 1682. Still, the book of Avvakum is not only the story of his life and the struggles he had against his religious enemies. The archpriest proves to be an outstanding expert in geography, flora, fauna, and nature. He brilliantly describes all of those using various literary techniques. He knew the everyday life of his time really well and therefore he skillfully shared his attitude to the world around him. The article focuses on this particular part of Avvakum’s work, which has not been often highlighted in the previous researches.

In the article the examples of attributive constructions as elements of language manner of Ivan Ohiyenko. On the material of his works «Ukrajinska cultura» (‘Ukrainian culture’) and «Nasha literaturna mova» («Our literary language») the analytical, characteristic and expressive role of words-epithets to the symbols of ethnic culture and also to the linguistic conceptions is specified., У статті наведено приклади атрибутивних конструкцій як елементів мовотворчості Івана Огієнка. На матеріалі його праць "Українська культура" і "Наша літературна мова" визначено аналітичну, характеризуючу та увиразнювальну роль слів-епітетів до символів етнокультури, а також мовних понять.

The article investigates the peculiarities of functioning of anatomic vocabulary in the texts of Ukrainian spells. It analyzes anatomic names, which denote body parts and organs as well as personage's attributes. The article describes body mentioning as a chain of parts united together. The main epithet structures are de fi ned. They are used in the texts of Ukrainian spells to denote the anatomic vocabulary., У статті досліджено особливості функціонування анатомічної лексики у текстах українських замовлянь. Проаналізовано анатомічні назви, що позначають як частини й органи людського тіла, так і атрибути персонажів. Описано найменування тіла як ланцюжка частин, що приєднуються одна до одної. Визначено основні епітетні структури, які фігурують в українських замовних текстах на позначення анатомічної лексики.

Prophet Muhammad was often remembered with respect, love and longing in religious and Sufi works written by Turks after they became Muslims, as well as in works whose subject matter was not directly religious and mystical. The identification of the highlighted qualities of the Prophet Muhammad, who is so widely mentioned, has been envisaged as a very important source in determining the conception of the Prophet in the hearts and minds of Muslim Turkish poets.Nâbî, who was an important representative of the wisdom tradition in the 17th century, was assumed as a good example in this regard; The Prophet and His attributes in the verse and mensur works were determined by scanning. The dozens of adjectives obtained were compared with the similarities and dissimilarities with the names in the esmâ-i Nabî texts, and it was discussed whether they could be explained by the concept of "epithet" used in folk literature in recent years.As a result, the titles of our Prophet, which were extracted from the works of an important Ottoman poet, and the vision of the Prophet brought by the Ottoman society from the past to those dates were tried to be revealed as neatly as possible., Hz. Peygamber, Türklerin Müslüman olduktan sonra yazdıkları dinî ve tasavvufî eserlerde olduğu kadar, konusu doğrudan din ve tasavvuf olmayan eserlerde de sıklıkla saygı, sevgi ve özlemle anılmıştır. Bu denli yaygın biçimde kendisinden bahsedilen Hz. Peygamber’in öne çıkarılan vasıflarının tespiti, Müslüman Türk şairlerinin gönül dünyasında ve zihinlerindeki Peygamber tasavvurunu belirlemede önemli bir kaynak olarak öngörülmüştür.17. yüzyılda hikmet geleneğinin temsilcisi olan Nâbî, bu makalenin araştırma konusu açısından, yaşadığı dönem için iyi bir örnek olarak varsayılmış; onun manzum ve mensur eserlerinde yer alan Hz. Peygamber ve O’nun vasıfları taranarak tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen onlarca sıfat, esmâ-i Nebî metinlerindeki isimlerle benzeşen ve benzeşmeyen yönleriyle karşılaştırılmış, son yıllarda halk edebiyatında kullanılan “epitet” kavramıyla açıklanıp açıklanamayacağı tartışılmıştır. Sonuçta, önemli bir Osmanlı şairinin eserlerinden çıkarılan Peygamberimizin sıfatları ile Osmanlı toplumunun geçmişten o tarihlere kadar getirdiği Peygamber tasavvuru olabildiğince derli toplu biçimde ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.

The purpose of the article is to identify and show the means and ways of verbal transmission of non-verbal behavior, which testifies to the spiritual evolution of the central characters in Maxim Gorky’s novel “Mother”: Pelageya Nilovna Vlasova and her son Pavel. The object of study is the language units, by means of which facial expressions, gestures and other non-verbal behavior are transmitted, reflecting the spiritual evolution of the characters of this novel. The subject of the study is the means and mechanisms for the transmission of non-verbal meaning by its language intermediaries. The result of the analysis was the conclusion that in the novel “Mother”, non-verbal means as artistic details play an important role in conveying the evolutionary changes that occur in the spiritual life of the characters, allowing the author to give a capacious description of the heroes. Non-verbal means are realized in the text by describing situations with verbs, verbal phrases, epithets, comparisons, which give a visual representation of artistic images. Non-verbal means characterize each character, reveal the peculiarities of changes in their inner world, emphasizes the psychological state and character of the heroes. The portrait and psychological details of non-verbal means show us the maturity in the character of Pavel Vlasov — a strict, proud, staunch person, convinced of the correctness of what he is doing., Цель статьи — выявить и показать средства и пути вербальной передачи невербального поведения, которое свидетельствует о духовной эволюции центральных персонажей романа Максима Горького «Мать»: Пелагеи Ниловны Власовой и её сына Павла. Объектом изучения являются языковые единицы, посредством которых передаются отражающие духовную эволюцию персонажей романа мимика, жесты и другое невербальное поведение. Предмет исследования — средства и механизмы передачи невербального смысла его языковыми посредниками. Результатом анализа стали выводы о том, что в романе «Мать» невербальные средства как художественные детали играют важную роль при передаче изменений, которые эволюционно происходят в духовной жизни персонажей, позволяя автору дать ёмкую характеристику героев. Невербальные средства реализуются в тексте с помощью описания ситуаций глаголами, глагольными словосочетаниями, эпитетами, сравнениями, которые дают наглядное представление о художественных образах. Невербальные средства характеризуют каждого персонажа, раскрывают особенности изменения их внутреннего мира, подчёркивают психологическое состояние и характер героев. Портретные и психологические детали невербальных средств показывают нам зрелость в характере Павла Власова — строгий, гордый, стойкий человек, убеждённый в правильности того, что он делает., Мета статті — виявити й показати засоби та шляхи вербальної передачі невербальної поведінки, що свідчить про духовну еволюцію центральних персонажів роману Максима Горького «Мати»: Пелагеї Нілівни Власової та її сина Павла. Об’єктом вивчення є мовні одиниці, за посередництвом яких автор передає міміку, жести та іншу невербальну поведінку, відбиваючи духовну еволюцію персонажів роману. Предмет дослідження — засоби і механізми передачі невербального значення його мовними посередниками. Результатом аналізу стали висновки щодо того, що в романі «Мати» невербальні засоби як художні деталі відіграють значну роль під час передачі змін, які еволюційно відбуваються в духовному житті персонажів, даючи змогу авторові надати ємну характеристику героїв. Невербальні засоби реалізовано в тексті за допомогою опису ситуацій дієсловами, дієслівними словосполученнями, епітетами, порівняннями, що дають наочне уявлення про художні образи. Невербальні засоби характеризують кожного персонажа, розкривають особливості зміни їхнього внутрішнього світу, наголошують на психологічному стані та характері героїв. Портретні та психологічні деталі невербальних засобів показують зрілість у характері Павла Власова — строга, горда, стійка людина, переконана у правильності своїх дій.

There has been analyzed a poetic heritage of a Podillia writer-combatant Heras’Sokolenko. Let’s pay attention to the fi ction arrangement of the text. There has been analyzed the works of different thematic orientation, artistical means and devices, characters, the most frequently appearing in poems. Heras’ Sokolenko is a lyric poet with bright romantic features. His poetic muse, being greatly influenced by difficulties of imprisonment, period of «ostarbeiters», the fronts of World War II, has still remained to be soft, original and the one to lift patriotic spirit. The proof for an original talent of Heras’ Sokolenko has become the book of Leonid Poltava «The Works of Unknown Destiny Poet», which appeared in the USA in 1981. Immense love to Motherland and patriotic ardour of a young person have been described in the collection of poems «Mechiv nizhnotonyh yasa», being arranged by Vasyl Horbatiuk and Vitaliy Matsko in 2007. Heroic lyrics prevails in small literature heritage of Heras’ Sokolenko. There have been included all feelings, gained during life difficultiesnot only on fronts, but also in imprisonment, on escape and at penal servitude. The poems are full of resolution, enthusiasm, cosaks’ victory and superhuman will power. There can be distinguished partisan, cosak, being applied to the character of a «bandit» of Oleksa Dovbush and of Ustym Karmeliuk, and marine themes, the beginning of a «new era» and painful reminiscences of the past. The works of a poet are undoubtedly the masterpiece of the war period. But due to different factors his poetic muse hasn’t been formed and polished definitely. That’s why there may be found Russian words, irregular grammar forms of words and false stresses. But these details don’t diminish the value of Heras’ Sokolenko poems, being original, not similar to anything else. There is undeniable truth in his original metaphors and euphonisms., У статті проаналізовано поетичну спадщину Подільського письменника фронтовика Герася Соколенка. Звернено увагу на художню цінність тексту, зокрема розглянуто твори різного тематичного спрямування, художні засоби та прийоми, охарактеризовано образи, які найчастіше з’являються у поезіях.

Поэзия Батырая – великого гуманиста прошлого столетия – итог достижений даргинской лирики, венец даргинской поэзии. Героям ранних песен Батырая присущи романтическая возвышенность чувств и физическая сила, позволяющая им, как и героям волшебных сказок, совершать невероятные действия и героические поступки. Женщина в изображении Батырая необычайно красива – агатовые брови, яхонтовые глаза, бумажно-белый лоб, тонкий стан. Но величие Батырая как поэта состоит не только в том, что он сумел постичь народно-поэтические традиции в создании образа горца. На основе анализа социальной структуры даргинского села он создал реалистические образцы представителей разных слоев тогдашнего общества, выразил любовь к крестьянину-труженику и заклеймил позором богачей и представителей духовенства. Автор делает вывод о том, что в песнях Батырая лирический конфликт создается с помощью фольклорных символических образов. Некоторые из них могут быть употреблены одинаково по отношению к женщине и мужчине. В даргинской народной лирике процесс складывания народно-песенной символики продолжался в эпоху выделения певцов-импровизаторов из среды носителей фольклора., The heroes of Batyray’s early songs are characterized by a romantic loftiness of feelings and physical strength, which allows them, like the heroes of fairy tales, to perform incredible actions and heroic deeds. The woman in the image of Batyray is unusually beautiful – agate eyebrows, yakhon eyes, a paper-white forehead, a thin figure. But the greatness of Batyray as a poet lies not only in the fact that he was able to comprehend the folk poetic traditions in creating the image of the highlanders. Based on the analysis of the social structure of the Dargin village, he created realistic examples of representatives of different strata of the then society, expressed love for the hardworking peasant and branded the rich and the clergy with shame. The author concludes that in Batyray’s songs the lyrical conflict is created with the help of folklore symbolic images. Some of them can be used in the same way in relation to a woman and a man. In the Dargin folk lyrics, the process of folding folk song symbolism continued in the era of the separation of singers-improvisers as a group from the larger group of singers.

Статтю присвячено дослідженню лінгвостилістичних особливостей ідіостилю англо- американської письменниці Френсіс Бернетт на матеріалі англомовних романів A little Princess та The Secret Garden. Під час дослідження було встановлено, що розквіт дитячої літератури в к. ХІХ – 1 п. ХХ ст. обумовлений культурними чинниками, які сприяли появі великої кількості авторів, творчість яких в ідейно-тематичному та мовностилістичному аспектах була орієнтована на дітей. Не менш важливим у цьому процесі було встановлення традицій домашнього читання та прагнення дорослих формувати у своїх дітей естетичні смаки. Будучи водночас представницею неоромантичного напрямку й дитячою письменницею, Бернетт переосмислює традиційні, навіть казкові, сюжети та вибудовує світ, образ якого має символічне навантаження (сад – для Мері, пансіон – для Сари). Характерною особливістю романів Бернетт є майстерне змалювання світу дитинства, яке реалізується через портретні характеристики, що передають зовнішній і внутрішній світ персонажів, описи пейзажів та інтер’єрів, які відтворюють різноманітні емоційні стани. З’ясовано, що для реалізації власних задумів письменниця використовує епітети, зокрема, постійні для підкреслення специфічних ознак героїв, та колористичні для піднесення емоційної тональності. Вживання метафор дозволяє прикрасити текст мальовничими картинами природи і надати образам поетичності, а завдяки порівнянням та повторам розкрити психологічні стани та акцентувати увагу на сильних емоціях. Підсумовано, що специфічні лінгвостилістичні засоби є однією із своєрідних рис ідіостилю Бернетт, що вирізняє її творчість серед великої кількості авторів та робить популярною в жанрі дитячої літератури. The article is focused on the study of linguo-stylistic features of the Anglo-American writer Frances Burnett idiostyle based on the novels “A little Princess” and “The Secret Garden”. In the course of the study, it was defined that flourishing of children's literature in the XIX-th – 1st part of the XX-th century was due to a number of cultural factors that contributed to the emergence of a large number of authors whose work from the point of view of ideological, thematic and linguistic aspects was focused on children. No less important in this process was the establishment of traditions of home reading and the desire of adults to form aesthetic tastes in their children. Being both a representative of the neo-romantic trend and a children's writer, Frances Burnett rethinks traditional, even fairy-tale plots and builds a world whose image has a symbolic meaning (e.g., a garden for Mary, a boarding house for Sarah). A characteristic feature of Burnett's novels is the depiction of the world of childhood, realized through portrait characteristics that convey the characters' external and internal world, descriptions of landscapes and interiors that reproduce various emotional states. It was found out that to realize her own ideas, the writer uses epithets, in particular, to emphasize the specific features of the characters and to raise the emotional tension. The use of metaphors makes it possible to decorate the text with vivid pictures of nature and make images poetic, while thanks to comparisons and repetitions, the author reveals psychological states and focuses on strong emotions. The paper draws the conclusion that specific linguo-stylistic means belong to specific features of Frances Burnett’s idiostyle, which make her work stand out among a large number of other authors and make it popular in the genre of children's literature.

Mazkur maqolada siyosiy diskurs tarkibida tantanali nutqning yuzaga kelishi haqida qisman ma’lumot berilgan bo‘lib, tantanali nuqt publitsistik uslubning bir bo‘lagi bo‘lib, siyosiy-g‘oyaviy, jamoaviy va madaniy sohalarda ko‘p qo‘llanilishi, xususan, davlar rahbarlarining nutqida tantanali ruhning ifodasi, tinglovchida qanday taassurot qoldirishi, emotsional ta’siri yoritilgan. Ma'ruzachining nutq stili, siyosiy tantanali nutqida mavjud milliy madaniy nutq stili me'yorlaridan chiqmagan holda, biroq o‘z individual stilidan foydalangan holda namoyon bo‘lishini rais Si Jinpingning nutqlaridan misollar keltirib ochib berishga harakat qilindi. Siyosiy diskursda yaqqol ko‘zga tashlanadigan stilistik ko‘rsatkichlardan bir qanchasi ajratib o‘tilgan., This article provides a partial account of the emergence of ceremonial speech in political discourse, and the ceremonial point is part of the journalistic style and is widely used in the political-ideological, collective, and cultural spheres, in particular, the expression of the solemn spirit in the speeches of the heads of states, how it will impress the listener, the emotional impact. Attempts were made to illustrate that the speaker's style of speech did not deviate from the norms of the existing national cultural speech style in his political ceremonial speech, but using his own individual style, citing examples from President Xi Jinping‘s speeches. There are a number of stylistic features that stand out in political discourse.

The question of why, in some cases, adjectives that are used attributively in an NP cannot be predicative of the head N of the same NP is usually approached from the point of view of the adjective alone. The aim of this article is to show that, for some NPs, this impossibility can only be explained by considering the properties of both the head N and its attributive adjective. For example, in an NP such as "l’instigateur probable de l’attentat"" (“the probable instigator of the attack”), which has a relational N as its head, the attributive adjective "probable" resists the predicative function because "probable" does not contribute to the description of the individual the NP refers to, as becomes clear in the paraphrase "celui qui a probablement suscité l’attentat" (“the one who probably instigated the attack”)., Le problème des adjectifs épithètes qui ne peuvent être attributs des noms auxquels ils se rapportent est généralement abordé du seul point de vue de l’adjectif. Le but de cet article est de montrer que, dans le cas de certains SN, on ne peut expliquer ce blocage qu’en tenant compte simultanément des propriétés du N de tête et de celles de son épithète. Par exemple, dans un SN tel que "l’instigateur probable de l’attentat", qui a pour tête un N relationnel, l’épithète est rebelle à la fonction d’attribut parce qu’elle ne concourt pas à la description de l’individu visé, comme il ressort de la paraphrase "celui qui a probablement suscité l’attentat".

В статье раскрывается проблематика формирования стереотипных представлений о России в западных СМИ в контексте актуальной международной и политической повестки. С февраля 2022 года наблюдается обострение сложных отношений между Российской Федерацией и «коллективным» Западом в связи с началом специальной военной операции. В этой связи возникает вопрос, каким образом происходящие события интерпретируются зарубежными средствами массовой информации, актуализируют ли они новые стереотипные представления о России у массовой аудитории. В данной работе образ России изучается на материале статей британского интернет-издания The Independent. В ходе исследования посредством использования методов контекстуального, семантического и стилистического анализа рассматривается содержание новостных статей о России в контексте событий на Украине. Интерпретационный анализ оценочных высказываний и лексических средств, репрезентирующих образ нашей страны, позволил выявить новый стереотип – «российская агрессия». Сформулированные выводы свидетельствуют о том, что оценочные средства, будучи ключевыми смыслообразующими компонентами публицистического текста, закрепляют в сознании аудитории новые отрицательные стереотипы о России. Практическая значимость работы состоит в возможности использования материалов и выводов исследования на занятиях по медиалингвистике, теории речевого воздействия, стилистике, политической лингвистике в качестве иллюстрации примеров влияния на мнение массового реципиента., The article reveals problems of constructing stereotypical ideas about Russia by western media within the current international and political agenda. Since February 2022, there has been an aggravation of complicated relations between the Russian Federation and the “collective” West in connection with the start of a special military operation. In this regard, it is necessary to define how the current events are interpreted by foreign media and whether they actualize new stereotypical representations about Russia among the mass audience. In this paper, the image of Russia is studied on the material of the articles published by “The Independent” – British Internet-media. In the course of the study by methods of contextual, semantic and stylistic analyses we investigated the content of news articles about Russia in the context of events in Ukraine. By means of an interpretive analysis of evaluative statements and lexical means representing the image of our country we identified a new stereotype denoted “Russian aggression”. The conclusions indicate that evaluative means, being the key semantic components of a media text, reinforce new negative stereotypes about Russia among the audience. The practical significance of the work is in the possibility of using the materials and conclusions of the study in special courses about media linguistics, the theory of speech impact, stylistics, political linguistics as illustrating examples of influence on the opinion of mass recipients.

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Визуальная составляющая рекламного материала именуется иконическим сообщением, передающим денотативную (непосредственно воспринимаемую) и коннотативную (символическую) информацию В рекламных текстах Instagram используются сравнения, эпитеты, метафоры, намеренная тавтология, морфологический параллелизм. The visual componen of the advertising material is called an iconic message that conveys denotative (directly perceived) and connotative (symbolic) information In Instagram advertising texts, comparisons, epithets, metaphors, intentional tautology, morphological parallelism are used.

Статья посвящена особенностям репрезентации комплиментарных выражений в русской и арабской лингвокультурах. В работе рассмотрена с лингвокультурологической точки зрения специфика комплимента как этикетного высказывания в таких разноструктурных и генетически далеких языках, как русский и арабский. Осуществлена выборка выражений из корпусов рассматриваемых языков, выявлены межъязыковые комплиментарные эквиваленты и описаны способы вербализации и концептуализации комплиментов. В работе сравнивается план содержания комплиментов в соответствии с экстралингвистической ситуацией, в которой они реализуются. В активно расширяющихся межкультурных контактах между представителями разных конфессий потенциально заложен риск коммуникативных неудач, связанных с этноспецифическими и культурные особенностями отдельного языкового сообщества. В исследовании приводятся рекомендации относительно вербального поведения в арабском социуме и устранения возможного недопонимания или межличностного конфликта между носителями русского и арабского языков. Правильно подобранный комплимент может быть залогом успешной межкультурной коммуникации., The article is dedicated to the specifics of representation of complimentary expressions in Russian and Arabic linguocultures. The paper considers from the linguoculturological point of view features of a compliment as an etiquette statement in such different-structured and genetically distant languages as Russian and Arabic. A selection of expressions from the corpus of the languages under consideration is carried out, interlanguage complimentary equivalents are identified and methods of verbalization and conceptualization of compliments are described. The paper compares the content plan of compliments in accordance with the extralinguistic situation in which they are implemented. The actively expanding intercultural contacts between representatives of different faiths potentially involve the risk of communicative failures associated with the ethnospecific and cultural characteristics of a particular linguistic community. The study provides recommendations on verbal behavior in the Arab society and the elimination of possible misunderstandings or interpersonal conflict between native speakers of Russian and Arabic. A well-chosen compliment can be the key to successful intercultural communication.

Studies of Neotropical Celastraceae have revealed the identity of Maytenus calzadae (Lundell) J. S. Ma, first described as Euonymus calzadae Lundell. Analyses of the protologue and types identify M. calzadae as a species of Haydenoxylon M. P. Simmons and as conspecific with H. haberianum (Hammel) M. P. Simmons. Because the epithet of E. calzadae has priority, a new combination is necessary. Haydenoxylon calzadae (Lundell) Biral is published here.

Neste artigo, examinamos o processo de construção simbólica do Dia das Crianças no Brasil, a fim de compreender os significados edificados em torno dessa data comemorativa e a mobilização de diferentes agentes para sua consolidação. Para tanto, investigamos reportagens e anúncios publicados na imprensa brasileira no período entre 1910 e 1960 e decretos governamentais. A análise de estratégias publicitárias demonstra a atuação do comércio e de produtores de bens relacionada à fixação periódica da celebração. Verificamos como a criação do Dia das Crianças e sua ritualização pelo consumo dramatizam o imaginário de uma nação que se engendrou sob o epíteto ufanista “país do futuro”.

Emotive epithets are an effective means widely used to create an attractive image of the country in an advertisement, they emphasize its uniqueness, highlight significant features, convey a high degree of tourist attraction, focus on tourist attractions and national values. Thus, the relevance of the research is conditioned by the need to study the stylistic component of the official tourist slogan, as it is the most expressive type of a tourist advertising text, in particular, the study will examine the lexical and phonological means of expressiveness, involved in the advertising slogan. The aim of the study is to define the lexical, phonological and component features of the epithet as a means of creating an emotive image in the official tourist advertising slogan of the country. The official tourist slogans of 158 countries were the material for the study. The object of our research are epithets in tourist advertising slogans of the countries of the world. The subject of the study are semantic and stylistic features of the epithets in tourist advertising slogans., Эмотивно окрашенные эпитеты являются эффективным средством выразительности речи при создании рекламного образа страны, подчеркивают ее уникальность, выделяют значимые признаки, передают высокую степень туристической привлекательности, фокусируются на туристических достопримечательностях, акцентируют внимание на общенациональных ценностях. Таким образом, актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения стилистической составляющей официального туристического слогана страны, так как он является наиболее выразительным типом туристического рекламного текста, в частности, в исследовании будут изучены лексические и фонологические средства выразительности, задействованные в рекламном слогане. Целью исследования является определение лексических, фонологических и компонентных особенностей эпитета как средства создания эмотивного образа в официальном туристическом рекламном слогане страны. Материалом для исследования послужили официальные туристические лозунги 158 стран мира. Объектом нашего исследования являются эпитеты в туристических рекламных слоганах стран мира. Предметом исследования являются семантические-стилистические особенности функционирования эпитетов в туристических рекламных слоганах стран мира., Емотивно забарвлені епітети виступають ефективним засобом виразності мови при створенні рекламного образу країни, наголошують на її унікальності, виокремлюють суттєві ознаки, передають високий ступінь туристичної привабливості, деталізують уявлення про туристичні пам’ятки, акцентують увагу на значимих цінностях. Отже, актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю вивчення стилістичної складової офіційного туристичного слогану країни, оскільки він є найбільш експресивним видом туристичного рекламного тексту, зокрема основних лексичних і фонологічних засобів експресивної дії епітету в рекламному слогані. Мета дослідження – визначити лексичні, фонологічні і компонентні особливості епітету як засобу створення емотивного образу в офіційному туристичному рекламному слогані країни. Матеріалом для дослідження послугували офіційні туристичні слогани 158 країн світу. Об’єктом нашого дослідження є епітети у туристичних рекламних слоганах країн світу. Предметом дослідження виступають семантико-стилістичні особливості функціонування епітетів у туристичних рекламних слоганах країн світу. У результаті різноаспектного аналізу численних моделей слоганів було зроблено такі висновки: 1) лексику туристичного рекламного слогана характеризує емоційна виразність, бо емоційно-забарвлені слова-епітети формують позитивний образ країни; 2) епітет у рекламному слогані вживають у повторі, разом із контрастним словом, у мовній грі; 3) епітет у рекламному туристичному слогані служить меті переконати реципієнта відвідати запропоноване місце.

The Curae herbarum is a late antique medical recipe book made up of 64 chapters; it is mostly based on a Latin translation of the De materia medica by Dioscorides. Chapters 1–32 always end with a precatio to the plant so that it ‘comes with all its healing powers’. The article argues for an erudite origin for the precationes of the Curae herbarum, which borrow epithets, phraseology, and verbs of entreaty from the Precatio Terrae and the Precatio omnium herbarum. Moreover, the study of internal references in the precationes demonstrates that they were written with the intention of being placed before the medical recipes, but, for unknown reasons, were instead copied at the end of the chapters without ever occupying the place they were intended for.

The research dealt with taboo words in Deapool movie. The objectives of research aimed at explaining the types of taboo words and also to figure out motives of using taboo words in Deadpool movie. The research conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This study was different from previous researcher that found types and function of taboo words while in this study focused on types and motives of using taboo words. The data were taken from the utterances that contain taboo words by first main character in this movie. There were 82 taboo words that had been uttered in this movie. From nine types of taboo words, there were eight of them, they were Cursing 2,44 %, Profanity 3,66 %, Obscenity 40,24%, Vulgarity 6,10 %, Insults and slurs 9,76 %, Slang 12,20 %, Epithets 20,73 %, and Scatology 2,44 %. And for the motives of using taboo words, there were five from five motives of them, they were Angry or Frustration 30,48 %, Descriptive- evaluative 43,90 %, Joking 7,32 %, Surprise 14,64 %, and Sarcastic Irony Insults 3,66 %.

Este artículo busca proporcionar una descripción completa y fundamental de por qué los epítetos raciales y slurs similares son inmora-les, allá donde lo sean. Considera tres teorías prin-cipales, según las cuales, a grandes rasgos, son inmorales porque son dañinos (bienestarismo), porque socavan la autonomía (kantianismo) o porque son hostiles (un enfoque relacional poco discutido informado por ideas del Sur Glo-bal). Este artículo presenta nuevas objeciones a las dos primeras teorías y concluye a favor de la última justificación. Se muestra que considerar que los slurs son inmorales en la medida en que son hostiles captura las ventajas de las otras teo-rías evitando sus desventajas. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive and fundamental account of why racial epithets and similar slurs are immoral, whenever they are. It considers three major theories, roughly according to which they are immoral because they are harmful (welfarism), because they undermine autonomy (Kantianism), or because they are unfriendly (an under-considered, relational approach informed by ideas from the Global South). This article presents new objections to the former two theories, and concludes in favour of the latter rationale. Deeming slurs to be wrong insofar as they are unfriendly is shown to capture the advantages of the other theories, while avoiding their disadvantages.

Mientras fue presbítero de Antioquía entre 386 y 398 –año en que fue nombrado Patriarca de Constantinopla–, Juan Crisóstomo, representante del cristianismo niceno, tuvo una prolífica carrera como predicador en las iglesias más importantes de la ciudad. Fue conocido como “boca de oro” por sus dotes en retórica y son muchas las obras homiléticas que se adjudican a su período antioqueno, entre las que podemos citar su serie conocida como Adversus Iudaeos. Pronunciada entre los años 386 y 387, tiene como objeto atacar a aquellos cristianos que participan de festividades judías y asisten a la sinagoga. Pero no son sólo ellos los que sufrirán el embate del presbítero: a lo largo de su serie, vemos cómo arremete contra los judíos, la Sinagoga, la Ley mosaica y las fiestas judías. El presente artículo se propone rastrear y discutir los epítetos y críticas pronunciados por Crisóstomo en las homilías Adversus Iudaeos en contra de los judíos y sus principales instituciones y festividades, así como contra aquellos miembros de su congregación que compartían, asistían a y participaban de sus fiestas, y recurrían a los “especialistas en lo sagrado” judíos para obtener curas o solucionar problemas., While he was presbyter of Antioch between 386 and 398 –year in which he was elected Patriarch of Constantinople–, John Chrysostom, who represented the Nicene Christianity, had a prolific career as a preacher in the most important churches of the city. He was known as “Golden Mouth” because of his rhetorical skills and many homilies are awarded to his antiochene period, among which we can mention his series known as Adversus Iudaeos. Pronounced between 386 and 387, it aims to attack those Christians who participate in Jewish rites and attend the synagogue. But not only them will suffer the onslaught of the priest: throughout his homilies, he goes after the Jews, the synagogue, the Mosaic Law and Jewish festivities. This article aims to track and discuss the epithets and criticisms pronounced by Chrysostom in the Adversus Iudaeos homilies against the Jews, their main institutions and festivities, as well as against those members of his congregation who shared, attended and participated in their parties and turned to the Jewish "specialists in the sacred" to obtain cures or solve problems., Dossier: Identidades judías entre el Período Helenístico y la Antigüedad Tardía., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

The current article is included in the larger research “The linguistic structure of binomial botanical denominations– specific epithet”, based on “Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora”, fourth revised and updated edition, Sofia, 2012, and deals with a less common type of specific epithets - nouns in the genitive case. The epithets are organized alphabetically in several groups according to their semantic.

As the taxonomic report of Phyllanthus is about to be published for Flora of Brazil online 2020, we wish to formalize lectotypification for one species of Phyllanthus and make amendment to the epithet.

In determining a corpus of recent British writing to be pastoral, Deborah Lilley eschews epithets such as ‘dark’ or ‘post’ for a more generous ‘new’, explaining that she intends her ‘usage to encom...

The article analyzes the features of the figurative means functioning in online advertising (primarily metaphors and metonyms). It has been proved that in the structure of the advertisement on the Internet, commonly-used or trite metaphorical models (the world of smth, a key to understanding of smth, a family of smth, the style of smth, the art of smth, and others) predominate. The level of imagery of a language means in this case significantly depends on the context and creative approach of the author. Original imaginary figurative means in online advertising appear much less often, which is due to the increased complexity of their interpretation and the complicated structure of connotations. In online advertising, the distinctive personification metaphors and various metonyms dominate. They form positive connotations, enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of advertising, as well as save language resources by deepening the semantics and imagery of the text. Quite often metaphorical epithets appear in advertising texts, although in general the specifics of advertising are determined by ugly definitions. Comparisons and hyperboles are elements rarely used in advertising. In general, every second message in online advertising contains figurative language means.

Taboo words are words that are strictly prohibited to be used due to the fact that they may cause misunderstanding or conflict and are not appropriate. Therefore, it is important to understand taboo words in order to avoid using inappropriate words.This studyexamines the use of taboo words by the characters in Dallas Buyers Club movie. It focuses on the types of taboo words and reasons that influence the characters to use taboo words in the movie. This study used content analysis method as the research method. The sources of data were the movie and its transcription. The researchers obtained the data from the characters’ utterances. This study finds there are five types of taboo words, namely cursing, profanity, obscenity, epithet and sexual harassment. Cursing is the most frequently taboo word used by the characters in the movie. The researchers also find that he reasons for using the taboo words are humor, psychological condition, ethnic group identity and social class. Psychological condition is the dominant reason for the characters’ use of taboo words. The result of this study provides an in-depth understanding of the usage of English taboo words in movies that might influence young English learners.

Based on the epistolary heritage of Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), this article examines the functioning of spiritual recollection letters in the religious and ecclesiastical style and determines their linguistic status. Analysing the epistles combined in the work Letters on Monasticism, the author studies the particularities of the ideological content, thematic sphere, authorship and addressees of such texts, as well as reveals their intentional and linguistic-stylistic features. It is noted that the most characteristic features of the genre are: realization of spiritual and religious intentions, assertion of Christian ideas, and emphasis on Orthodox themes. The author shows that many religiously marked language units are used in this type of text, including theonyms, agioanthroponyms, iconyms, ecclesionyms, names of Christian sacraments, Orthodox holidays, items of liturgical vestments, as well as theological studies and disciplines. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the religious and ecclesiastical nature of spiritual recollection letters is manifested in the use of language units designating Christian texts and belonging to the corpus of Orthodox vocabulary with spiritual and moral meaning and religious formulae. In considering the linguistic incarnation of the genre, the author focuses on the figurative and tropeic organization of the spiritual recollection letter and demonstrates that particularities of the functioning of epithets, metaphors, allusions, comparisons, enumerations, repetitions, rhetorical questions, questionanswer constructs and rhetorical exclamations are connected with their religious and ecclesiastical signification (that is, these means of expression are either religionyms or include religionyms). The problem of Christian intertextuality is also touched upon: intertextemes, which are present in the studied letters, refer to the Old and New Testaments, patristic texts and prayers. It is concluded that the spiritual recollection letter is a hybrid epistolary genre of the religious and ecclesiastical style, a text created by an ecclesiastic writer and targeted at a concrete (individual) Christian addressee. Moreover, it contains elements of dialogization and has a retrospective narrative organization.

A bioficção (BOLAÑOS, 2017) (re)escreve a biografia de figuras esquecidas e silenciadas pela História, o pouco que conseguimos encontrar sobre elas sendo escasso demais para reconstruir registros dessa natureza. Para tal finalidade, a ficção serve como base. Assim, propomos neste artigo uma leitura, pelo viés do luto, de Querido Diego, te abraza Quiela (1985), em que Elena Poniatowska resgata e reconta uma pequena parte da biografia da artista plástica Angelina Beloff (1879-1969?), descolando sua vida do epíteto de “primeira esposa de Diego Rivera”. Palavras-chave: Bioficção. Biografia. Vidas imaginárias. Luto. Angelina Beloff.

This work discusses the translation process of the third book (lacking C) of the lipogram De aetatibus mundi et hominis, attributed to the late-ancient and North African writer Fabius Planciades Fulgentius (V - VI century), known by the epithet of the Mythographer, from the edition fixed by Rudolf Helm (1898). In this section, Fulgentius addresses the narrative of the Tower of Babel myth, adopted as an explanation for the origin of linguistic diversity. Interestingly, the Mitograph avoids the use of lexical units containing the letter 'c', which is being cultivated in the proposed translation. Thus, the present translation is also relevant because it denounces the very antiquity of the lipogrammatic genre, which acquired significant diffusion in Concretism, already located in the twentieth century.

The following work is focused on the problem of the Stylistic devices and Expressive means usage within the Boris Johnsons’ first speech as a Prime Minister of the UK, 07.24.19, to realize his pragmatic purposes. The first speech of Boris Johnsons is defined as political, institutional, ideological discourse to promote the idea of Brexit among the population of the UK as the most relevant idea for the given community. It is stated that all the language inventory in the form of Stylistic devices and Expressive means used within the Boris Johnsons’ first speech as a Prime Minister of the UK serves to influence the addressee to accept the idea of Brexit as the only one way for the better life in the UK. It is stressed that the author of message uses a great number of epithets to show the benefits of Brexit. Metaphors used in the message are considered not only to appeal to the feelings, emotions of the addressee, but to provoke thinking about the described objects, subjects and phenomena. It is underlined that parallel constructions in the form of anaphora and epiphora within the speech of Boris Johnsons are able to make the information more stressed and valuable. Parenthetic sentences and detachments used in the message are determined as means to give some additional information, some arguments for Brexit, as well as means to express Boris Johnsons’ attitude to the described events and facts. It is pointed out that polysyndeton, asyndeton within the Boris Johnsons speech are used to arrest addressee’s attention to the enumerated items. The usage of polysyndetons and asyndetons within the limited space of speech is defined as specific feature of Boris Johnsons’ first speech as a Prime Minister of the UK, as the means to strike addressee, to etch the given information in the addressee’s memory. It is stated that all used Stylistic devices and Expressive means within the Boris Johnsons’ first speech as a Prime Minister of the UK serve not only to realize speaker’ s pragmatic purposes, but they represent the idiolect and form the idiostyle of Boris Johnsons, as well as create the textual ornament of the given message.