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Having error-free communication in air-to-ground communication is somewhat nonsensical in real-life conditions. Multiple factors, external or internal, inevitably cause miscommunication or misunderstanding. During unprecedented situations, the ability to adapt and language competency becomes a significant factor in ensuring that communication between pilots and air traffic controllers can succeed. Aviation English falls under English for Specific Purposes and acts as a lingua franca for aviation communication. Thus far, language training is still inadequate to prepare pilots and air traffic controllers during emergencies or non-routine situations. The open-ended survey was conducted before the first development phase of the aviation communication competence framework. The rationale of this survey is to understand the need and perception of aviation language among pilots and air traffic controllers. The findings suggest that although they feel confident using aviation English in radiotelephony, most agree that it is imperative to have language training to improve aviation communication safety and standardise aviation phraseology and language. The findings also suggest that fundamental English language proficiency and non-standard phraseology use reduce efficiency in aviation communication. Furthermore, cultural and linguistic diversity among pilots and air traffic controllers creates misunderstandings and non-understanding in interactions. These findings suggest that aviation language development and training can be improved by diligent monitoring and evaluating the current needs of pilots and air traffic controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nebrija de Lingüística Aplicada a la Enseñanza de Lenguas is the property of Revista Nebrija de Linguistica Aplicada a la Ensenanza de Lenguas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the developments of technology, writing evaluation and feedback are supported by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). The immersion of NLP and LSA in Writing contributes to the development of Automatic Writing Evaluation (AWE), a system that compares a text to a large database of the writing of the same genre and supports an evaluation process that is independent of the human rater. The potential of T.E.R.A's reach in evaluation became one of the bases of this research. This research intends to compare the evaluation process of human raters to T.E.R.A. and find out; a) the figuration of assessment criteria used in the evaluation process, and b) which elements rates are higher, the same, or lower. The result of this study shall be a point of departure to establish AWE which is suitable to the context of English as a Foreign Language being taught as a compulsory course at Bina Nusantara University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TESL Canada Journal / Revue TESL du Canada is the property of TESL Canada Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Educação & Formação is the property of Revista Educacao & Formacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methodological Horizons / Metodički Obzori is the property of Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of a needs analysis conducted to optimise the academic ESP courses at a Bulgarian university. There are few studies on the issue in Bulgaria unlike the global situation with universities and employers studying the ESP needs of their students and workforce regularly. Hence by carrying out a survey of the students at this particular university along with students from another six local universities and fifteen universities from eleven countries worldwide, all with the same profile, the research team expected to gather reliable information about the course parameters that require improvement. The student sample includes 939 local and 167 foreign students. In addition, a survey of 32 local faculty teaching language and/or subject matter was conducted to triangulate data and strengthen the research contribution to the enhanced course effectiveness based on the greater motivation for ESP acquisition by formulating recommendations for syllabi development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enletawa Journal is the property of Enletawa Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the features of professional foreign language training of border guards in Ukraine, focusing on its basic tendencies: compliance of the personnel professional foreign language competence with the requirements of the NATO STANAG 6001, CEFR, Common Core Curriculum of the EU border guards basic training, with the purpose of improving the level of interoperability of the personnel of Ukrainian and EU border guard agencies. The authors argue that Ukrainian border guard agency has set a course to improve international military cooperationwith EU and NATO member states. It has been established that the effectiveness of achieving the compatibility of the Armed Forces and the SBGSU with the armed forces of the EU and NATO Member States largely depends on the level of foreign language proficiency of military specialists. The authors defined key directions in the border guards’ Englishfor Sp ecific Purposes training delivery methodology development at the present stage: focusing on the communicative competence development of the border guard agency personnel; implementing multimedia technologies of foreign language teaching; using of blended learning technologies; using infographics, gamification in teaching English; developing and utilizing web quests and Internet projects. Generalization of the best ideas of organizing joint professional foreign language training of border guards in the EU countries is necessary for introduction and adaptation of the acquired experience in the system of professional training of personnel of the state border guard service of Ukraine.

Although studies on genre abound in the Ghanaian literature, only a few have paid attention to the form and function of Chief Examiners’ Reports on the academic performance of candidates at examinations. To address this gap, the current study analyzes Chief Examiners’ Reports from selected Colleges of Education, covering several disciplines. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive design to examine movement patterns as well as the linguistic devices employed in such reports. Cast in Bhatia’s model of move analysis theory and Kanoksilapatham’s move criteria, the study shows that moves employed include both mandatory and discretionary ones: six (out of the ten) of the moves are mandatory while four are discretionary. Furthermore, the study found that most Chief Examiners’ Reports lack Introduction sections, and there appears to be no standard structure/format in Chief Examiners’ Reports. Regarding stance-taking devices, the study found that only three pronouns, it, they and this were used. It is recommended that Chief Examiners pay critical attention to the Introduction segments of their reports and that a standard format is provided to all Chief Examiners so as to achieve uniformity

The years 2020 and 2021 brought new challenges to teaching and learning in the institutions of tertiary education due to the global COVID-19 Pandemic. They have been the devastating years for many teachers. Innumerable difficulties in professional and personal life increased the stress - striving to survive with the least losses. Temporary measures for remote teaching/learning in spring of 2020 extended until summer of 2021 worldwide and seem unlikely to stop in the nearest future. New challenge of novel online activities made teachers reconsider their teaching philosophy due to an overall lack of students engagement in spite of the usual and familiar learning procedures. The current crisis outlines the following framework to teaching philosophy: capability, reliability, inability, suitability, ingenuity, and sustainability. This article aims at researching University students attitudes to remote and traditional learning of English for Specific Purposes. A specially designed survey was administered to 180 full-time students (9 groups, 20 students in each group). Their responses were statistically processed by a means of the SPSS software to compute the Means and Standard Variations and compare the estimates of the between-group and within-group variances. Statistical processing of multiple samples reveals whether observed differences in responses occur at random, i. e. are due to chance, or they are significant, real and meaningful. The scientific analysis of computation data might allow drawing conclusions about students preferences: which mode of learning - remote or traditional - is beneficial and how much is each of them supportive.

This paper focuses on the analysis of a specialised American police discourse genre and is based on a corpus of 115 probable cause affidavits. A probable cause affidavit is a sworn statement written by American police officers to state that there is probable cause to believe the defendant has committed (or is committing) a criminal offence and that legal action is required. After briefly presenting the methodological framework for this study, the paper intends to show how the police use specific linguistic, discursive and rhetorical strategies to serve a specialised purpose, which is to present the existence of probable cause to the relevant legal authorities. The findings indicate that officers use various discursive devices to inform but also—and perhaps more importantly—to convince their audience by means of a chronological and structured narrative of events that follows a prototypical three-fold internal organisation (exposition, investigation, resolution) signalled by specific linguistic markers. Finally, the paper intends to go beyond the objective description of events in order to highlight the assertive nature of this discourse genre and the additional rhetorical strategies used by PCA writers. It studies the emphasis placed on the expertise of the author, as well as the police classification of the offence and the progressive elaboration of the burden of proof.

A needs analysis is required to design ESP courses and determine appropriate materials for vocational high school students. Particularly in a multimedia study programme, even while multimedia has become increasingly prominent as a result of digital transformations, there is not much attention given to conducting the need analysis for vocational high school students. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the needs analysis for ESP in a multimedia study programme of a vocational high school. Specifically, it attempts to reveal what difficulties are encountered by the students during their internship programmes, what English language skills are needed by the students to perform their jobs, and what the multimedia study programme needs to offer to allow students’ employability. A case study was conducted on an EFL teacher and eighteen students in a vocational high school. The findings revealed that: First, students had difficulties in Grammar, Vocabulary, and Speaking; Second, the English language skills needed to perform their jobs were listening, reading, and writing; Third, the multimedia study programme should offer copywriting, technical vocabulary and authentic materials related to multimedia to allow students’ employability. This research also recommends three-unit materials for the ESP courses divided into three topics: copywriting, photography, and videography.

This paper reports the findings of a case study carried out in an English for specific purposes class with student tour guides at an Argentinean university. The main objective of this research project was to analyse how the teaching practices in the English language classes favoured intercultural exchanges. Data were gathered through document analysis, surveys, and interviews with students and with core-subject professors. Results were analysed qualitatively. We conclude that we must foster a friendly and safe learning environment to give voice to learners from native communities so that they can express their own identities and thus give way to enriching intercultural dialogue.

This narrative research study allows us to learn about the usefulness of the mandatory institutional English courses at the Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva branch, for students of other undergraduate programs in English and their academic, professional, and personal impact. It uses the open interview anonymously to collect their experiences and to promote free expression by using questions related to the courses and based on their environment and previous contact with English using Spanish to better understand. Likewise, the English for Specific Purposes model was taken into account and presented as an idea to the students as a strategy to implement it in the different programs. The results indicated that the benefits obtained in these courses were very limited for English learning and improving the level of students, evidencing the need for English according to their program for the adequate professional development of each one.

Kemampuan berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris sesuai jurusan, kemampuan berkolaborasi, dan kreativitas sangat diperlukan oleh lulusan SMK, termasuk Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV). Namun demikian, kemampuan bahasa Inggris khusus jurusan DKV masih kurang, sekitar 67.74% atau 21 siswa menyatakan speaking adalah hambatan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian Project Based learning (PJBL) diterapkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar English for Specific Purpose dan mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar English for Specific Purpose. Penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi tindakan, dilaksanakan di SMK N 2 Wonosari melalui dua siklus (8 pertemuan) dengan melibatkan 36 siswa DKV kelas X. Guru bertindak sebagai peneliti utama dibantu oleh seorang pengamat. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes, lembar observasi, dan lembar penilaian produk. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil pada siklus I dan II secara kuantitatif, sedangkan data observasi diselidiki secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek kemungkinan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa DKV di ESP. Dari segi proses, siswa merasa belajarnya meningkat dari 67% menjadi 100% dan pelaksanaan PJBL yang dinilai guru juga meningkat sebesar 17,67. Peningkatan yang mencolok juga terlihat pada hasil tes siswa yang meningkat dari 69,44% menjadi 100% pada siklus II, dan 80% diantaranya mencapai nilai 80. Kesimpulannya, PjBL dapat menjadi alternatif upaya untuk menciptakan pengalaman yang bermakna dalam bekerjasama, kreatif, trampil berkomunikasi dan mempresentasikan produk berbasis teknologi.

Online learning is believed to have many benefits for both the students and instructors. It is highly possible for an English conversation course for ESP students to perform the teaching and learning processes virtually. This study was carried out to design the syllabus and instructional materials for an online English conversation course for the ESP students of the business administration program. The initial step was performing needs analysis by using a questionnaire as the instrument. The results attained from the needs analysis was strengthened by interviewing the students. From the results of the needs analysis and interview, eight business-related topics were selected for 14 meetings. The learnings activities focused on the students’ oral business communication skills and focused on their written business communication skills. Visual aids in the form of videos and pictures were used to accompany the instructions given to the students. Expert validation was also carried out as a review of the designed syllabus and instructional materials. Students’ final feedback in the form questionnaire was also performed to get their perceptions on several aspects of the developed materials, learning activities, and assignments. The final product of the syllabus and instructional materials were published on the university’s LMS.

The increasing number of aircraft flying around the world has led to the requirement for air traffic controllers to improve their communication skills to face high demand traffic in the future. The paper examines the communication errors in the pilot-controller communication of six ab-initio air traffic controllers during simulation training. More than three hours of conversation were collected and analyzed qualitatively using conversational analysis. The transcribed data yielded a total of 62 instances of communication errors. The data revealed that clarity and pronunciation of ab-initio controllers contributed to problematic communication and reduced the efficiency of the air traffic controllers in communicating. In contrast, pronunciation errors rarely diminished comprehension amongst the controllers and pilots who share a similar first language and are familiar with the use of English in a lingua franca setting. The study also describes other instances of communication errors in pilot-controller communication. The results indicate that ab-initio air traffic controllers need to be proficient in three main areas in pilot controller communication to improve their performance: aviation phraseology, aviation English, and aviation knowledge. The findings suggest that pilots and air traffic controllers should achieve level 4 (operational) in aviation language proficiency test, before proceeding to aviation training that requires them to be proficient in their language skills.

This paper will present the results of a case study carried out with the students of Forensic Engineering at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies in Belgrade for two consecutive academic years. The goal of the study was to determine if and to what extent the receptive vocabulary size acquired during previous education will influence the acquision of semi-technical vocabulary covered by two one-semester English courses. The data have been gathered using both a questionnare and relevant tests. The statistical processing of data has enabled better intepretation of the results obtained.

Learners studying English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at University regard writing academic papers as a complex process since they have to consider issues about academic writing conventions as well as ethics. This current research examines university students’ perceptions of ESP academic writing within the context of the online learning which emerged due to Covid-19 and, therefore, through the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and, particularly, utilizing the Flipped Learning approach as an active learning strategy to enhance ESP academic written competence. To be more specific, we examined how students, in tertiary education, perceived ESP academic writing skills within the field of Business English. The participants are 28 students doing the Degree in Administration and Business Management in a Spanish polytechnic. A mixed method research has been conducted for this current paper since both quantitative as well as qualitative methods were utilized for data collection. Regarding this study, both a questionnaire and a focus group interview were utilized to analyse the data. The outcomes proved that students’ perceptions towards academic ESP written competence, using Business English, within the Flipped Learning approach was positive. The major results showed students’ awareness of their needs and ESP written requirements. This research concludes with some future research suggestions.

The concept of the embedded genre is of crucial importance if we want to understand the way genres interact, within any given text, within any given genre, and in forming larger genre patterns. By discussing a tentative distinction between three kinds of embedding, “recontextualized embedding” (from Bakhtin), “contextualized embedding” (from Orlikowski & Yates), and “element genre” (from Swales and Martin), the present study initiates an unraveling of some of the intricacies involved in genre embedding. This demonstrates why genre research as well as studies of written communication can profit from integrating an expanded understanding of genre embedding in its theoretical deliberations and analytical work.

The paper studies the student experiences related to online teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in order to determine which computer-mediated learning practices were perceived as purposeful and should be incorporated in traditional in-person teaching. The sample comprised of 60 students from two faculties of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. Descriptive statistics were obtained. The gathered data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results indicate that the positive experiences are related primarily to synchronous conferencing in the form of real-time written communication as an integral part of the classes offered via videoconferencing. The use of video content and availability of various learning materials uploaded to the learning platforms proved to be helpful. Loss of concentration, technical difficulties and a lack of in-person communication were perceived as obstacles to effective learning. The most salient conclusion of the study refers to the necessity of incorporating real-time comment writing in the traditional classroom. The results also urge the need for addressing the issues of large classes and inadequate auditoriums in the traditional mode of teaching. The conclusions provide the guidelines for the improvement of in-person teaching of ESP based on specific computer-mediated learning practices that were found facilitative of the development of the students’ language competencies.

The article presents the results of comparing the belief in information conspiracies in connection with personality traits among representatives of Generations Y and X, nationalities – the Russians and the Kumyks. We call information conspiracies those that are presented in the information space and are presented as close to reality. Therefore, users who get acquainted with information conspiracies do not doubt and believe in them. The sample was presented by the Russian university students and middle-aged working people. The questionnaire of conspiracy mentality (CMQ) (Bruder, Haffke) and the FPI technique (Farenberg, Zarg and Gampel) have been applied. It was revealed that the older the generation, the more it believes in the state conspiracy; generations have stable beliefs about the presence of a political conspiracy; the representatives of the Kumyk group are more prone to exaggeration of the importance of conspiracy than the group of the Russians generation Y; the personality trait “irritability” correlates with the scale of belief in public conspiracy; there was a negative dependence of emotional lability and belief in a political conspiracy. The results are compared with the data of foreign studies on the samples of representatives of the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, Germany. It was concluded that it is possible to observe cultural and intergenerational differences in expression of conspiracy mentality. Representatives of Generation Y believe more in political and public conspiracies. Representatives of Generation X believe more in public conspiracy and secret organizations.

Abstract Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has a long tradition in European countries, especially in primary and secondary education. In this paper we draw attention to the limited use of the term in higher education, especially at (post-)graduate level. By describing and discussing a course entirely taught in English to students in a program titled Education for Science in Brazil, the authors expect to contribute to a broader understanding of the interrelations between specialized content and advanced communicative skills in English for academic purposes. By focusing on qualitative data on the collaborative writing of a paper in English, it is expected that this kind of classroom-based case study will contribute to better informed decisions related to internationalization of (post-)graduate programs among institutions that underscore the importance of English to help promote visibility and cooperation.

This commentary on "Just wanna give you guys a bit of an update": Insider perspectives on business presentations in Hong Kong (2013) explores the significance of the paper written by Stephen Evans, its influence on the study of business English, and its main contributions to business communication and presentations, including a number of highlights for future research projects. • This is a researcher's commentary on Evans (2013). • It tries to highlight research interest in business English oral interactions. • The research on business presentations has multiple aspects to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period following the Second World War has brought immense changes on the economic, political and social levels. The ever-growing levels of globalization, tremendous and continuous progress in science and technology, the development of the world’s economy and internalization of higher education have resulted in people's increased awareness of the importance of successful cross-cultural communication and collaboration as major components of workplace dynamics in a globalized world. Thus the knowledge of English, a global lingua franca, has opened new perspectives for mobility and cooperation in all spheres of human activity. Countries worldwide have recognized the importance of the English language and included it in the curricula at all levels of education. Due to the fact that each profession has its own context, terminology and the manner in which it communicates its ideas, General English courses have frequently failed to respond to learners’ or employers’ needs. The recognized demand for teaching and learning English tailored to the specific needs of learners’ instead of traditionally focusing on teaching language forms, has led to the emergence of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), an approach to language teaching related to the specific purpose for learning English and addressing learners ever growing needs and requirements resulting from labor market demands, and its separation from the concept of General English. Since the 1960s, ESP has grown to become one of the most prominent areas of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching. Its significance is reflected in an increasing number of universities worldwide including ESP as a compulsory subject in their bachelor degree programs in different fields in order to meet their students’ future career needs. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of ESP on a global level and analyze its major aspects – its historical background, the theories that define it, the types of ESP, the characteristics that distinguish it from English for General Purposes (EGP), as well as to consider some of the methodological implications for language teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research study around the co-construction and sharing of authentic and meaningful artefacts within the 'Youth Entrepreneurship for Society' virtual exchange was to find out how the implementation of artefact-based telecollaborative tasks fosters 21st competences and social entrepreneurship in English for Specific Purposes settings. The project tasks were informed by constructionism and supported virtual collaboration an effort to promote social justice. They revolved around social entrepreneurship in English for Specific Purposes contexts, aiming to connect the classroom with the outside world through the involvement of local organisations, while fostering students' twenty-first century competences: intercultural, linguistic, digital and teamwork as well as social entrepreneurial mindset. The two research questions which guided the study were: (1) How does the implementation of artefact-based tasks in English for Specific Purposes contexts contribute to students' perceived development of twenty-first century competences? (2) In what ways can the implementation of artefact-based telecollaborative tasks foster social entrepreneurship in English for Specific Purposes contexts? The results of the study conducted with 42 participants indicate that the virtual exchange was perceived as having positively contributed to connecting the classroom with the outside world through the involvement of mentor civil organisations, while fostering students' twenty-first century competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better engage with patients, nurses need employ various communication skills, particularly "engagement strategies" that enable them to understand, elicit or empathize with patients' concerns. Such engagement is essential to delivering good patient-centered care. This paper describes one part of a mixed-methods needs analysis: the aim was to find and analyze illustrative examples of actual nursing communication in English that showed engagement with between nurses and patients within an intercultural/international context in mainland China, where nurses are increasingly needing to interact with patients in English due to globalization. To confirm and concretely illustrate previously established engagement strategies found in the literature, direct observations were made of a nurse's authentic interactions with a non-Chinese patient, which were then complemented by a post-observation interview. A detailed linguistic analysis of the data yielded a rich qualitative description of how engagement was practiced, along with quantitative data on the typical distribution and variety of communication strategies in everyday nurse-patient interactions. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this paper details how various strategies for different speech functions were used within the different discourse moves of the interactions, and argues for a more central focus on the teaching of these useful engagement strategies and their patterns of use. The pedagogical benefits and clinical implications of this study will be apparent to practitioners of English for specific purposes (ESP) and nurse educators around the world who are involved in teaching nursing communication in English-medium or international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the descriptive attribute 'perfect' and its derivatives as a commonly used abstraction for creating persuasive emotional texts that encourage potential customers to make purchases and satisfy their needs. The study analyses the objects of reference, semantic field, and syntactic functions of the concept through the prism of its functioning in promotional brochures devoted to passenger automobiles belonging to 44 brands. The material included 115 brochures over the previous decade, 22,000 words of minimal contexts and 520 contextual occurrences of 'perfect' and its derivatives. The obtained results show that 'perfect' tends to reveal two meanings - excellence and compliance to a standard - which historically go back to its original meaning in Latin 'per factum' (made thoroughly). Over the period of the decade, there has been a shift from idealisation to practicality in the automotive industry under the influence of economic and environmental factors. The semantic mapping of contextual associative adjectives also indicates that 'perfect' is currently more oriented to highlighting practical utility of the cars rather than their excellence. In effect, such practical aspects as technological advancement, technicality, customisation, reliability, comfort, dynamics, style, noiselessness, sound, and price outnumber abstract qualities which express positive impressions, elevation, idealisation, and exaggeration of relevance, by 30%. Semantically, the concept 'perfection' follows the promotional principle of combining rational and emotional arguments. 'Perfect' is applicable to any car part - be it the exterior, interior or engine. The derivational paradigm has no limitations in syntactic distribution; however, in promotional discourse it typically occurs in nominative structures. The results contribute to the theoretical development of the linguistic worldview through the lens of valuable marketing concepts and can be practically useful in training professional writing skills to students specialising in PR and advertising and learning English for specific purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have sought to investigate some specific challenges pertaining to the integration of skills during Technical English online classes, a modern reality that we have recently been confronted with in an unprecedented way in post-communist education. In order to obtain a balanced approach to Technical English learning and teaching, we shall try to identify a number of key aspects that require careful consideration, particularly in respects that make online education different from face-toface knowledge delivery and acquisition. With a newly emerging reality of online educational dependency, we seek to analyse how online education can become a competitive approach to content delivery and skills formation rather than a compromise on educational goals and results. The paper will also focus on identifying the major shifts in technical students' needs, goals and expectations in the post-communist age and how they can be tackled during online classes to the best possible outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good command of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) among Czech engineers seems to be of crucial importance since the engineering field has been developing rapidly and the Czech labour market is becoming increasingly international (Eurostat 2020). The authors of this article, who supervise the ESP courses offered to the students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FST) at the University of West Bohemia (UWB) in Pilsen (Czech Republic), attempt to meet the changing needs of the engineering field by conducting needs analyses among students, university graduates and prospective employers, and keeping their ESP courses' syllabi up-to-date and relevant to their engineering students. This paper presents a comparative analysis of a questionnaire that was distributed in the year 2021 among UWB engineering students and graduates. Having analysed the responses that dealt with graduates' needs and students' expectations of using ESP in a workplace, the authors noticed several discrepancies between the answers they received from the students and those they received from the graduates. Based on the analysis, a hypothesis that current students sometimes have misconceptions about their future work life has been formulated. To confirm this hypothesis, in the next stage of the research, selected students and graduates are to be interviewed to gather additional information. The authors also wish to examine this hypothesis by having prospective engineering employers reply to the same survey questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper studies the student experiences related to online teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in order to determine which computer-mediated learning practices were perceived as purposeful and should be incorporated in traditional in-person teaching. The sample comprised of 60 students from two faculties of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. Descriptive statistics were obtained. The gathered data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results indicate that the positive experiences are related primarily to synchronous conferencing in the form of real-time written communication as an integral part of the classes offered via videoconferencing. The use of video content and availability of various learning materials uploaded to the learning platforms proved to be helpful. Loss of concentration, technical difficulties and a lack of in-person communication were perceived as obstacles to effective learning. The most salient conclusion of the study refers to the necessity of incorporating real-time comment writing in the traditional classroom. The results also urge the need for addressing the issues of large classes and inadequate auditoriums in the traditional mode of teaching. The conclusions provide the guidelines for the improvement of in-person teaching of ESP based on specific computer-mediated learning practices that were found facilitative of the development of the students' language competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of comparing the belief in information conspiracies in connection with personality traits among representatives of Generations Y and X, nationalities - the Russians and the Kumyks. We call information conspiracies those that are presented in the information space and are presented as close to reality. Therefore, users who get acquainted with information conspiracies do not doubt and believe in them. The sample was presented by the Russian university students and middle-aged working people. The questionnaire of conspiracy mentality (CMQ) (Bruder, Haffke) and the FPI technique (Farenberg, Zarg and Gampel) have been applied. It was revealed that the older the generation, the more it believes in the state conspiracy; generations have stable beliefs about the presence of a political conspiracy; the representatives of the Kumyk group are more prone to exaggeration of the importance of conspiracy than the group of the Russians generation Y; the personality trait "irritability" correlates with the scale of belief in public conspiracy; there was a negative dependence of emotional lability and belief in a political conspiracy. The results are compared with the data of foreign studies on the samples of representatives of the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, Germany. It was concluded that it is possible to observe cultural and intergenerational differences in expression of conspiracy mentality. Representatives of Generation Y believe more in political and public conspiracies. Representatives of Generation X believe more in public conspiracy and secret organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Military Challenges / Sodobni Vojaški Izzivi is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)