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La sociedad actual demanda condiciones de confort que permitan desarrollar actividades con elevada productividad, en el NEA alcanzar las condiciones apropiadas de temperatura y humedad en edificios antiguos implica un excesivo consumo de energía eléctrica. Se presenta la simulación computacional mediante el software Energy Plus del comportamiento térmico de un aula del edificio de la Facultad Regional Resistencia de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Se validan los resultados de la simulación con datos experimentales de temperatura interior para idénticas condiciones exteriores de radiación solar y temperatura. Se obtiene la carga térmica instantánea y la disminución potencial de consumo de energía eléctrica destinada a la climatización para diferentes casos de rehabilitación térmica del salón. Se verifica la exactitud del modelo confrontando los resultados de la simulación con los datos internos medidos en el aula. Se demuestra también la capacidad del software como herramienta para mejorar la eficiencia energética de edificios y garantizar las condiciones de confort., Today’s society demands high comfort conditions to carry out activities with high productivity, in the Argentine Northeast achieving the appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity in old buildings involves excessive power consumption. It is presented the computer simulation by the Energy Plus software about thermal behavior of a classroom in the building of the Facultad Regional Resistencia of the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. The simulation results are validated with measured data of indoor temperature for the same exterior conditions of solar radiation and temperature. Is obtained the instantaneous thermal charge and the decrease of potential consumption of electricity for air conditioning in different cases of thermal rehabilitation. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with internal data measured in the classroom. The ability of the software as a tool to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and ensure comfort conditions is also demonstrated., Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES)

This work is the result of a field study about overall comfort aspects performed in a secondary-school building during the winter season. The campaign aimed at describing the conditions of the school both from an objective and a subjective point of view, thus a questionnaire was administered to pupils during ongoing lessons. The monitored attributes concerned typical indoor quality aspects: acoustical, thermal, indoor air and visual quality. Weak points emerged from the data analysis and possible solutions are illustrated, focusing in particular on the acoustic aspects.

According to the Directive 2012/27/EU, Member States are required to boost renovation processes involving the public buildings with a 3% rate. In this general framework a key role can be played by educational buildings which in Italy – with 42.000 units – represent a remarkable quota of the existing public building stock. Recent surveys outlined the oldness and obsolescence of this stock, that is affected by a number of deficit, and underlined that renovation actions represent a priority in the very next future. A key topic in this field is to provide adequate tools to allow PA to prioritize interventions according to economic availabilities and to a general plan of scheduled investment. This paper summarizes the first stage of a study aimed at defining a multi-criteria evaluation process useful to prioritize renovation action, with the general goal to provide a speedy detection kit which allow to easily define the obsolescence level and to prioritize actions in schools optimizing costs and benefit.

Das momentan in den Medien sehr pr��sente Thema der Bildung geht auch an der Architektur nicht spurlos vorbei. Sich ��ndernde Schulsysteme, Lehr- und Lernmethoden, der Weg zur Ganztagsschule sowie auch gesellschaftliche und berufliche Entwicklungen werfen Fragen von v��llig neuen Schulstrukturen und -r��umen auf, die f��r mich ein sehr spannendes und anregendes Entwurfsthema bilden. Kinder und Jugendliche sind Individuen, die m��glichst flexible R��ume ben��tigen, um sich auf allen Ebenen und besonders ihren Begabungen entsprechend weiterentwickeln zu k��nnen. Auch P��dagogen sind auf anpassungsf��hige R��umlichkeiten angewiesen, um ihre Sch��ler bestm��glich betreuen zu k��nnen. Daf��r ist ein Geb��ude gefragt, das klare Strukturen aufweist, aber auch wandlungsf��hig ist und damit Ver��nderungen im Schul- und Unterrichtssystem zul��sst. Durch meine pers��nliche Verbundenheit zum l��ndlichen Gebiet war mir ein Bauplatz au��erhalb von Ballungsr��umen ein gro��es Anliegen. Als Vorbild daf��r dienten neue st��dtische Campusmodelle, die vielf��ltige Einrichtungen und Angebote vereinigen, die immer mehr auch im dezentralen Bereich gefragt sind. Um ein ��konomisch und ��kologisch effizientes Schulgeb��ude zu errichten, wird eine Vernetzung der Strukturen von Schule und ��ffentlichem Raum immer notwendiger sein. Daher spielen aus meiner Sicht Faktoren wie eine Mitnutzung durch die Gemeinde, das Einbinden von Vereinen, ein Angebot von Freizeitaktivit��ten auch im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung zu einer Ganztagsschule eine entscheidende Rolle. Mein Entwurf umfasst ein Schulareal, das eine Volksschule und Neue Mittelschule sowie diverse Freizeitangebote vereint und ein neues kulturelles Zentrum schafft., riverside school pielachtal Education is a well discussed topic in these days. Also in the architecture scene it arouses interest. Changing school systems, as well as teaching methods and studying techniques and a further development to a full-time school system raises questions of new school structures and space. It is also combined with changes in social and professional needs. Children and young people are individuals. They need flexible space to improve their personal interests and to discover their abilities. Neither do teachers depend on adjustable rooms for a suitable supervision. A building with clear structures and versatility in its function is required to be able to absorb change in educational systems. Based on my personal connection to the countryside, a site in the rural area was a big concern. It is based on the idea of new campus models which are accustomed in the urban area. Due to their combinations of many different facilities and offers they are going to be essential in the rural area as well. To assure ecological and economical efficiency of a school building the integration of school structures and public space is more and more necessary. In my opinion parameters like the usage by the municipality, integrating incorporated society and offers of leisure activities are important. My design illustrates a school area which merges an elementary school and a secondary school, as well as various leisure offers and creates a new cultural centre.

m Zuge der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wurde der architektonische Entwurf eines Bildungszentrums im Wiener Quartier St. Marx entwickelt. Dieses funktionsu-bergreifende Projekt enth��lt eine Grundschule mit integriertem Kindergarten und als halb��ffentliche Bereiche ein Nachbarschaftsrestaurant, eine Stadtteilbibliothek und eine Sporthalle, die fu-r au��erschulische Veranstaltungen genutzt werden kann. Fu-r einen reibungslosen Ablauf besitzen diese Zonen jeweils zwei separate Eing��nge, durch die zwischen schulinternem und externem Betrieb geschaltet werden kann. Au��erdem wurde Wohnen als eigenst��ndiger Teil des Projektes in das Raumprogramm integriert. Dabei wurden gezielte Begegnungspunkte geschaffen. Durch Gliederung der Freir��ume auf st��dtebaulicher Ebene soll ein ungest��rtes Nebeneinander erm��glicht werden. Als theoretische Grundlage fu-r das Projekt wurden neue Erkenntnisse der Bildungstheorie sowie Bildung als gesellschaftliches Ph��nomen n��her betrachtet. Es wurde versucht zu analysieren, welche Rolle Bildungsraum in der Stadt einnehmen, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen ein solches Projekt umgesetzt und ob eine Funktionsmischung zur Qualit��tssteigerung beitragen kann., For this thesis the architectural concept for an educational centre at the Viennese St. Marx Quarter was developed. This multi-functional project consists of a primary school, including a kindergarten, and semi-public facilities to improve the neighbourhood. These are a restaurant, library and gymnasium. The latter can also be used for out-of-school activities. To guarantee a trouble-free course of action these areas were equipped with two independent entrances. This allows for easy switching between curricular and extracurricular usage of the facilities. Furthermore a housing project was integrated as part of the ensemble. Therefore specific meeting points were planned on the site. The chosen urban pattern creates defined landscapes to enable an intact and multifaceted environment. As theoretic foundation of the architectural design the newest findings in research about learning as well as education (being regarded as a social phenomenon) were considered. Furthermore the influence of educational architecture on the surrounding city, the required framework for projects like these, and whether the interweaving of different functions can lead to an increase of quality, were analysed.

Der f��nfte Bezirk ist ein typischer -Schwellenbezirk Wiens, der sich auf Grund des Zuzugs der Mittelschicht, des geringen Abzugs ehemaliger Studenten bzw. Jungakademiker und der Lage nahe zur City rasant weiterentwickelt. Die gerade in Entwicklung befindlichen Bereiche betreffen die Erdgescho��zonen, die Infrastruktur und die Belebung des ��ffentlichen Raums. Im Speziellen die Creative Industries entdecken Margareten als den perfekten B��rostandort, da hier die Mietpreise noch im Mittelfeld liegen und die Anschlussstellen an das ��ffentliche Verkehrsnetz in n��chster N��he sind. Das Gebiet zwischen Reinprechtsdorferstra��e und G��rtel hinkt dabei ein wenig nach. Die Gentrifizierung, die ihre negative Seite in Form des Aussterbens der Billigmieten mit sich bringt, hat diese Gegend, zwischen Reinprechtsdorferstra��e und G��rtel, noch nicht ganz erschlossen. Schulpflichtige Kinder finden ihre Bildungseinrichtung, auf Grund des geringen Angebots und des meist unbefriedigenden sozialen Millieus, oft au��erhalb dieser Lage und m��ssen weitere Anfahrtswege in Kauf nehmen. Da die Reinprechtsdorferstra��e extrem viel Verkehrsaufkommen tr��gt, ist der Wunsch der Anwohner nach einer Verkehrsberuhigung gro��. Das Gr��tzel um den Platz "Am Hundsturm" hat, abgesehen von der einspurigen Margaretenstra��e, keine durchflie��ende Verkehrsader. Damit ist der Platz sicherer, vom L��rmpegel ertr��glicher und dadurch belebter. Nach n��herer Betrachtung der Geb��udebl��cke, die diesen Platz s��umen, ist der Kontrast zwischen revitalisierten Gr��nderzeith��usern, hochwertigeren Neubauten und einer Bausubstanz, die sich nach einer ��berholung sehnt, erkennbar. Das betrifft vor allem die gewerbsm����ig genutzten Geb��udetrakte der Fa. Niernsee, ein Erzeuger im Non-Food-Bereich (Vandal, Wettex, etc.), mit den Adressen Mauthausgasse1 1 und 3, Br��uhausgasse2 68-72 und Sankt-Johann-Gasse3 6. Dieses Firmenareal ist ein unhomogener Komplex, bestehend aus Geb��uden aus den f��nfziger und siebziger Jahren und der Gr��nderzeit. Weiters befindet sich an der Adresse Sankt-Johann-Gasse 6 ein gro��z��giger, nicht ��berdachter, Firmenparkplatz. Die Lage mit dem Eckcluster direkt am Park ist f��r einen Firmenkomplex dieser Art sehr verschwenderisch gew��hlt, da sich die Nutzung eher auf die inneren Erzeugungs- und Lagerhallen beschr��nkt und die Bauteile daher eher nach innen orientiert sind. Des Weiteren ist der zum Platz gewandte B��rotrakt nicht zur G��nze genutzt und teilweise schon dem Verfall ausgeliefert. Gegen��ber, in der Br��uhausgasse, als kr��nendes Hauptgeb��ude ��ber dem Park, sitzt die Volksschule Am Hundsturm 18, die erst zur Jahrtausendwende von einem Rot-Kreuz-Standort im Zuge eines Gesamtumbaus wieder zu einer Schule umfunktioniert wurde. Da sich an der Adresse Mauthausgasse auch ein Kindergarten befindet, war die Idee einer Campuslandschaft gemeinsam mit der bestehenden Volksschule und einer Mittelschule, als Neubau und verbindenden Geb��udeteil, geboren., Viennas fifth district is a typical emerging region, further developing at a tearing pace as a consequence of the middle class - influx, the small number of former students and new graduates moving away and its proximity to the city center. The areas with the development in progress concered are the ground floor zones, the infrastructure and the revitalisation of public space. Due to the still mid-ranged local rental prices and the excellent public traffic connections especially the creative industries discovered Margareten for themselves as a perfect location to set up their offices. The zone between Reinprechtsdorferstra��e and G��rtel is still lagging a little behind though. Gentrification, as a negative aspect involving the extinction of inexpensive rentals, has not yet expanded comprehensively from the eastern edge beyond the mentioned transport axis towards G��rtel. Schoolage children have to accept long journeys, as their educational institutions, as a result of poor supply and disappointing social environment, frequently aren -t located in the proximity of their housing areas. As the Reinprechtsdorferstra��e is a heavily trafficked road residents - desire for a traffic calming is strong. Apart from the single-lane Margaretenstra��e there is no flowing traffic artery in the neighbourhood of the square -Am Hundsturm-. Thereby the location is safer, the noise level more bearable and the place thus more animate. Closer inspection of the building blocks lining the place show the contrast between revitalised -Gr��nderzeit- houses, high-quality new construcions and basic fabric striving for reconditioning. This particularly concerns the commercially used building sections of the Niernsee company, a manufacturer in the non-food-producer (Vandal, Wettex, etc), located at Mauthausgasse1 1 and 3, Br��uhausgasse2 68-72 and Sankt-Johann-Gasse3 6. The mentioned company premises form an inhomogeneous complex, composed ot buildings dating back to the fifties,seventies and Gr��nderzeit. Furthermore at the address Sankt-Johann- Gasse 6 an amply, unroofed company parking lot can be found. The site with the corner-cluster adjacent to the park has been chosen generously for a company building block of its kind, as its use is rather limited to production halls and storage on the inside and the whole structure is thus oriented inwards as well. Moreover the office wing facing the square is not used to its full extent and partially already left to decay. Across the street, in the Bra-uhaushasse, resembling a crowning main building above the park, the elementary school -Am Hundsturm 18 - is located. Only towards the turn of the millennium the edifice, in the context of an overall reconstruction, was converted from a red cross station into a school again. As there is a kindergarten at the address Mauthausgasse as well, the idea of drafting a campus landscape, that includes the established primary and secondary schools, as a new construction and connecting building unit, was born.

In Egypt, the concept of Asset Management (AM) is new; however, the need for applying it has become crucial because deteriorating or losing an asset is unaffordable in a developing country like Egypt. Therefore the current study focuses on educational buildings as one of the most important assets regarding planning, building, operating and maintenance expenditures. The main objective of this study is to develop a SAMF for educational buildings in Egypt. The General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB) was chosen as a case study of the current research as it represents the biggest governmental organization responsible for planning, operating and maintaining schools in Egypt. To achieve the research objective, structured interviews were conducted with senior managers of GAEB using a pre designed questionnaire to explore the current practice of AM. Gab analysis technique was applied against best practices compounded from a vast literature review to identify gaps between current practices and the desired one. The previous steps mainly revealed; limited knowledge about strategic asset management, no clear goals, no training, no real risk plan and lack of data, technical and financial resources. Based on the findings, a SAMF for GAEB was introduced and Framework implementation steps and assessment techniques were explained in detail., {"references":["Federal Highway Administration FHWA (1999). \"Asset Management\nPrimer.\" A Report prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation.","IPWEA (2006), International Infrastructure Management Manual:\nInstitute of Public Works Engineering of Australia.","AASHTO (2002),\"Transportation Asset Management Guide\", prepared\nfor the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP).\nWashington D.C., AASHTO Publication RP-TAMG-1.","AUSTROADS (1997), \"Strategy for improving asset management\npractices\", Sydney, Australia, Austroads Incorporated.","Australian National Audit Office (1996), \"Asset Management\nHandbook\", Australian Government Publishing Services.","NPWC (1996), \"Total Asset Management\", Deakin, ACT: National\nPublic Works Council Inc, Australia.","Queensland Government (1996), \" Strategic Asset Management\nManual:, Brisbane, Queensland Department of Public Works.","APCC (2001), \"Asset Management\", Deakin, ACT: Australian\nProcurement & Construction Council Inc.","Government of South Australia (1999), \"Strategic Asset Management\",\nAdelaide: Government of South Australia.\n[10] Barret, P.J. (2000), \"Better Practice Guide - Asset Management\nHandbook\", International Public Works. AU. On the World Wide Web:\nhttp://www.anao.gov.au/bpg_asstmanhbk/contents.html (Accessed 14\nJanuary 2005)\n[11] National Asset Management Working Group (NAMWG),(2009), \"An\nAsset Management Governance Framework for Canada\" , A Committee\nof the National Round Table for Sustainable Infrastructure.\n[12] IAM (2008a), Institute of Asset Management. Available from:\nhttp://www.theiam.org/en/knowledge/what-is-asset-management.cfm.\n[13] IAM (2008b), PAS 55-1 Asset management: \"Specification for the\noptimized management of physical assets\", London, Institute of Asset\nManagement.\n[14] Ahluwalia S. S. (2008), \" A Framework for Efficient Condition\nAssessment of the Building Infrastructure \", Ph.D. Thesis , University of\nWaterloo, Ontario, Canada.\n[15] Earthman G. I., Cash C. S., and Berkum D. V., (1995), \"A Statewide\nStudy of Student Achievement and Behavior and School Building\nCondition\", Paper Prepared for the Annual Meeting, Council of\nEducational Facility Planners International, NY.\n[16] National Center for Educational Statistics, (NCES Feb 2003 a),\"\nPlanning Guide for Maintaining School Facilities\", U.S. Department of\nEducation, U.S.A.\n[17] Hinum, M., (1999), \"Strategies for Managing Educational Facilities\nInfrastructure\", BMUK (Federal Ministry of Education and Cultural\nAffairs), Austria, Track 3 of the UEF/PEB/CAE International\nSymposium, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.\n[18] Egyptian Ministry of Education, \"Increasing schools Capacity in 2005\"\nhttp://knowledge.moe.gov.eg/Arabic/about/ achievement/field_increase/\n[19] Elbeltagi E., and Tantawy M. (2008), \" Asset Management: The\nOngoing Crisis\", Second Conference on Project Management, Riyadh,\nKSA, April 5-9, 2008.\n[20] Griffith University, Office of Facilities Management, Strategic asset\nmanagement plan, (2008),\nhttp://www.gu.edu.au/ofm/publications/pdf/pub_samplan_2005-\n2008.pdf.\n[21] Brown, R. (2004), \"Asset Management: Balancing Performance, Cost\nand Risk\", Energy Pulse: Insight, Analysis and Commentary on the\nGlobal Power Industry.\n[22] Sklar, D. (2004), \"Principles of Asset Management - The Holistic\nModel\", Energy Pulse: Insight, Analysis and Commentary on the Global\nPower Industry.\n[23] Queensland Government (2010), \"Strategic Asset Management\nFramework\", Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of\nQueensland Government buildings, Queensland Department of Public\nWorks.\n[24] Government of South Australia (1999), \"Strategic Asset Management\nFramework\", 2nd edition, Department of Treasury and Finance."]}

Through the exploration of designing a small residential building along side a three-story mixed-use center for individuals and families newly diagnosed with diabetes, I studied a variety of ways to architecturally embrace the essence of balance. Throughout this thesis the quests of understanding "balance" accelerated and complicated most of the decision making. Architecturally, this thesis explored the balance between the public city and private residence, between historical architecture and the proposal of new construction, and the balance between solid voids and the path of circulation. The pursuit of balance was even examines at the detail level; how do you find a balance at the integration of two of more materials. Objects and visual situations are most stimulating when they achieve an appropriate balance. Master of Architecture

This work is the result of a field study about overall comfort aspects performed in a secondary-school building in the surroundings of Bologna during the winter season. The campaign aimed at describing overall comfort aspects of the school both from an objective and a subjective point of view, thus a questionnaire was administered to pupils during ongoing lessons to compare physical measurements and subjective responses. The monitored attributes and items concerned typical indoor quality aspects: acoustical, thermal, indoor air, and visual quality. As weak points emerged from the data analysis, possible solutions are illustrated, focusing on acoustics and optimizing effectiveness and cost.

Pamphlet concerning the N. E. A. Teacher's Program for the summer being held at the Missouri Teachers College.